Relevant bibliographies by topics / Least-cost frontier

Academic literature on the topic 'Least-cost frontier'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Least-cost frontier"

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Smith, H. Arlen, and C. Robert Taylor. "Finite Mixture Estimation of Size Economies and Cost Frontiers in the Face of Multiple Production Technologies." Journal of Agricultural and Applied Economics 30, no. 2 (December 1998): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1074070800008361.

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AbstractFinite mixture estimation (FME) is compared to estimated generalized least squares (EGLS) in the estimation of economies of size and production cost frontiers for Alabama dairy farms. FME provides several unique insights into the economic forces behind recent changes in Alabama's dairy industry. FME provides estimation of a stochastic average cost frontier with known statistical properties, which it was not otherwise possible to obtain using available stochastic frontier estimation packages.
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Harmatuck, Donald J. "Cost Functions and Efficiency Estimates of Midwest Bus Transit Systems." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1932, no. 1 (January 2005): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198105193200106.

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Short-run variable cost functions are estimated with the use of a sample of 68 bus systems in the U.S. Midwest operating in the 1996 to 2002 period. Variable costs are specified as functions of outputs, input prices, bus stocks, and network size. Various output, input price, network, capacity, and disturbance specifications are examined. The cost functions are estimated with the use of ordinary least squares, switching regression, seemingly unrelated regression, and stochastic frontier cost models. The results indicate constant returns with vehicle outputs, increasing returns with passenger outputs, inelastic input demands, and substantial technical efficiencies that vary by firm and by state.
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Pevcin, Primož. "Costs and Efficiency of Municipalities in Slovenia." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 11, no. 3 (July 1, 2013): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/11.3.531-543(2013).

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This paper empirically analyses average costs function and technical efficiency for 200 Slovenian municipalities in the year 2011. The methodology is based on the econometric estimation of the average costs function and stochastic parametric analysis of best-practice frontier to address technical inefficiencies. The results reveal that the average costs function for Slovenian municipalities is U-shaped, and the estimated least-cost size of the municipality implies that the current number of municipalities is not optimal. Besides, the average technical efficiency of Slovenian municipalities is approximately 22-25% above estimated best-practice frontier. Following, the issues related to municipal consolidation and increased efficiency should be promoted.
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Carey, Kathleen. "Hospital Cost Efficiency and System Membership." INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 40, no. 1 (February 2003): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5034/inquiryjrnl_40.1.25.

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Using a recently developed taxonomy of hospital organizations, this paper estimates a stochastic frontier cost function to test for inefficiency differences among system hospitals having common strategic and/or structural characteristics. System hospitals that centralized around physician arrangements and insurance products display the smallest deviations from the least cost locus. This suggests efficiency benefits from organization of physician and insurance activities at the system level, with discretion over the array of service offerings left to individual members. Policymakers should be mindful of potential efficiency gains from hospital consolidations and be aware that common ownership alone may be too general a rubric for evaluating those gains usefully.
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Rosko, Michael, Herbert S. Wong, and Ryan Mutter. "Characteristics of High- and Low-Efficiency Hospitals." Medical Care Research and Review 75, no. 4 (February 5, 2017): 454–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077558716689197.

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We compared performance, operating characteristics, and market environments of low- and high-efficiency hospitals in the 37 states that supplied inpatient data to the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project from 2006 to 2010. Hospital cost-inefficiency estimates using stochastic frontier analysis were generated. Hospitals were then grouped into the 100 most- and 100 least-efficient hospitals for subsequent analysis. Compared with the least efficient hospitals, high-efficiency hospitals tended to have lower average costs, higher labor productivity, and higher profit margins. The most efficient hospitals tended to be nonteaching, investor-owned, and members of multihospital systems. Hospitals in the high-efficiency group were located in areas with lower health maintenance organization penetration and less competition, and they had a higher share of Medicaid and Medicare admissions. Results of the analysis suggest there are opportunities for public policies to support improved efficiency in the hospital sector.
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Chang, Le, Jing Li, Kee-Cheok Cheong, and Lim-Thye Goh. "Can Existing Theories Explain China’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment in Belt and Road Countries." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031389.

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This study examines the extent to which existing foreign direct investment (FDI) theories apply to Chinese investment in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries. This is important because existing explanations of Chinese outward FDI (OFDI) generally make scant reference to these theories. By using OFDI data for BRI countries between 2003 and 2017, we tested hypothesizes applicable to existing theories by using both pooled ordinary least squares (PLOS) and stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) methods. The results show that a large part of the existing theories apply to Chinese OFDI. Chinese OFDI is likely to choose countries with big market size, abundant natural resources, cheap unskilled labor, stable politics, good infrastructure, high trade cost and high investment cost. These positive findings notwithstanding, they do not invalidate the alternative factors cited by commentators which have not been subject to direct testing, which may require the use of qualitative analytical approaches.
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Vasanthi, R., B. Sivasankari, and J. Gitanjali. "A stochastic frontier and corrected Ordinary Least Square models of determining technical efficiency of canal irrigated paddy farms in Tamil Nadu." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1253.

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A comparative study between Stochastic frontier production function and corrected Ordinary Least Square (OLS) were estimated to determine technical efficiency in paddy production. Further, the study has assessed the effect of farm specific socio economic factors affecting the technical efficiency. This study was conducted in Cauvery delta zone of seven taluks about canal irrigation. The number of farmers in canal irrigated region about 109 from seven taluks is considered. The data were obtained from the cost of cultivation scheme of Tamil Nadu centre. The results of Cobb Douglas stochastic production function indicated that fertilizer, seed, pesticide and machine hours significantly influenced yield of paddy. The results also indicated that it will be highly profitable to increase the use of seed, and need to rationalize the labour use and pesticide usage. The effect of qualitative variable namely age and education of the farmer would indicate that the older farmers technical efficiency become less compared to the younger farmer, and also implying that investments on human capital take away their participation from agriculture. As a comparative study in general, COLS produced the lowest mean technical efficiency with 85 percent while the Stochastic frontier analysis produced the highest mean technical efficiency with 90 per cent.
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Jalilov, Shokhrukh-Mirzo, Mohammed Mainuddin, Md Maniruzzaman, Md Mahbubul Alam, Md Towfiqul Islam, and Md Jahangir Kabir. "Efficiency in the Rice Farming: Evidence from Northwest Bangladesh." Agriculture 9, no. 11 (November 15, 2019): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture9110245.

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Rice production takes a leading role in the agricultural sector of Bangladesh contributing to 35% of the gross value added of total agricultural production (December 2011), employing 48% of the rural workforce. While the country achieved self-sufficiency in rice, continuous population growth requires Bangladesh to further increase the production of this staple cereal. However, considering the steady decline of the cropped area and available rural workforce, such increase could be reached by increasing the efficiency in rice production. This study aims to examine the resource use efficiency and its drivers in the performance of rice farms in the Northwest region of Bangladesh, which is considered as the food bowl of the country. The study applied a two-stage approach of Data Envelopment Analysis followed by Ordinary Least Squares to estimate the impact of contextual variables on rice production. The empirical research results show that 83% of rice farms among the sample of 184 farms are efficient being located on efficiency frontier, while the 2% farms are inefficient and could improve their efficiency. The remaining 15% of farms are at level that is close to the efficiency frontier. Such factors as the cost of irrigation, pest control, and crop harvesting and carrying are the main drivers of efficiency amongst the considered rice farms.
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Kurz, Heinz D., and Neri Salvadori. "White Elephants and Other Non-basic Commodities: Piero Sraffa and Krishna Bharadwaj on the Role and Significance of the Distinction between Basics and Non-basics." Indian Economic Journal 69, no. 2 (June 2021): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194662211017261.

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After the publication of Production of Commodities by Means of Commodities ( Sraffa, 1960 ), a lot of attention was devoted to ‘reswitching’, that is to the fact that a technique is cost-minimising at two disconnected ranges of the rate of profits and not so in between these ranges. We owe Krishna Bharadwaj (1970, Schweizerische Zeitschrift für Volkswirtschaft und Statistik, 106, 409–429) an important contribution to the debate by stating and proving a general result concerning the maximum number of switches between two techniques that have at least one switch point on the wage-frontier. She proved that the maximum number of switches coincides with the number of distinct commodities, without double counting, that enter directly or indirectly into at least one of the alternative methods of production. This means that if the alternative methods produce a commodity that is basic in both techniques, then non-basics in both techniques play no role in this, whereas if the alternative methods produce a non-basic commodity in at least one technique, then a role is played also by those non-basics that enter directly or indirectly into the production of at least one of the alternative methods of production. JEL Code: B12, B21, B31, B51, D24, D51
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Ahmad, Munir. "Agricultural Productivity, Efficiency, and Rural Poverty in Irrigated Pakistan: A Stochastic Production Frontier Analysis." Pakistan Development Review 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2003): 219–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v42i3pp.219-248.

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The main objective of this study is to estimate the input elasticities of production for poor and non-poor farms. The study estimates the stochastic frontier production function. The results show that the elasticities of production differ for poor and non-poor farms. The production elasticity of land is substantially higher on rich farms as compared to the farms belonging to poor farmers. This implies higher returns on investment on land by the rich farmers. The salinity/sodicity problem and the tail-end location of the plot adversely affect farm productivity and efficiency, particularly at the poor farms. Moreover, the average cost of the existence of technical inefficiencies is about 43 percent in terms of loss in output, with wide variations across farms ranging from 17 percent to 62 percent. The study further concludes that the least efficient group is not only operating far below the frontier but it also operates at the lower portion of the production frontier. Consequently, increasing access to the inputs would likely raise productivity and reduce poverty. The results imply that the land distribution using the notion of land reforms in favour of poor/small farmers in the presence of existing farm structure, rural infrastructure, and the weak farm-supporting institutions is not expected to raise farm productivity and reduce poverty among the poor farmers. The results call for a strong and active role of the government in close partnership with the private sector to initiate income-generating activities and inputs supply chains in the rural areas to break the nexus of poverty, land degradation, and low agricultural productivity.
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Book chapters on the topic "Least-cost frontier"

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Blank, Jos L. T. "Frontier Estimation of a Cost Function System Model with Local Least Squares: An Application to Dutch Secondary Education." In Productivity and Inequality, 103–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68678-3_4.

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Wu, Lei, Ming Wei, and Xiang Chen. "Optimization Model of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Distribution Path with Integrated Loading and Unloading." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia210205.

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Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) delivery has the advantages of small size, high speed, and low cost. A new drone delivery path optimization model with loading and unloading integration is proposed in this study to make full use of UAV(drone) delivery by improving its efficiency. The model considers drone range constraints and loading capacity limitations, analyzes the start and end points of multiple orders, assigns orders to drones from the optimal distribution centers, calculating the order and time to visit all sets and delivery points, and pursuing the least transportation mileage. The ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm is adopted to solve the problem in two stages. In the first stage, construction rules and pheromones of the solution are defined, and the orders to the UAVs are assigned. In the second stage, by adding constraints to the ACO algorithm, the sequence order of the UAVs visiting the set and delivery points is determined to obtain the optimal path. Finally, a GIS-based delivery platform is developed using Java Development Kit, which is used to produce the optimal scheduling scheme for an example case. A sensitivity analysis of the model parameters is conducted t, which proves the proposed model effectiveness.
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Conference papers on the topic "Least-cost frontier"

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Wibowo, Agung, Anton Humala Doloksaribu, and Aditya Cahya Kurnia Rahman. "Access to Environmentally Friendly Energy and Capacity Building for Communities in the 3T Frontier, Outermost and Least Developed Region Through the Corporate Social Responsibility Program." In SPE/IATMI Asia Pacific Oil & Gas Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205598-ms.

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Abstract PT. Pertamina EP Asset 5 Tarakan Field (PEP Tarakan Field) is one of the upstream oil and gas companies that play an active role in improving the community's welfare around its operational area through social responsibility programs. Through renewable energy access, community empowerment was one of the activities carried out in Tepian Village, Sembakung District, Nunukan Regency, North Kalimantan Province. This activity aimed to provide an alternative energy source that is environmentally friendly and more cost-effective to help reduce the cost of living for the underprivileged communities in the village. The concept of implementing the social responsibility program adapted by Tarakan Field consists of 4 elements: Organizing Identity, Organizing Transactivity, Organizing System, and Organizing Accountability. The program implementation began with a social mapping that includes data on beneficiaries of the diesel generator conversion program into a Solar-cell Home System. Then, conducted a Focus Group Discussion with village officials and related agencies to listen to suggestions and input on this program. Approximately 30 housing units/140 people from the pre-prosperous group became the beneficiaries of this program. Several residents were also given training in maintenance skills of the Solar-cell Home System unit, following the standards and procedures implemented by the company. Periodically, monitoring is also carried out to see how far the beneficiaries feel the program's impact. In addition, the implementation of monitoring was also helpful to detect obstacles encountered in program implementation so that improvements could be made immediately. Evaluation is carried out every year and at the end of the program mentoring period to see how far the beneficiaries feel the program's impact. Monitoring and evaluation carried out by Tarakan Field also involved other agencies such as academics to involve various disciplines. After this program was implemented, there was a 50% living costs reduction of the underprivileged groups because they no longer needed to buy diesel to turn on the diesel generator as a source of electrical energy. In addition, there is a reduction in carbon emissions from diesel generators and a decrease in noise levels in the environment around the village. This social responsibility program also supported the government's third point in the Nawacita programs: to build Indonesia from the margins and support the program to achieve the seven sustainable development goals (SDGs), namely clean and affordable energy. In 2017, this program became a trigger for the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Republic of Indonesia assistance program in the form of a Solar-cell unit with a capacity of 75 kWp, which can accommodate the needs of the entire house network in Tepian Village.
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