Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Learning – Effect of glucose on'
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1
Owen, Lauren. "The effect of glucose on cognition." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.538621.
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Puthanveetil, Prasanth Nair. "Glucocorticoid and its effect on cardiac glucose utilization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5038.
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Glycogen is an immediate source of glucose for cardiac tissue to maintain its metabolic
homeostasis. However, its excess brings about cardiac structural and physiological
impairments. Previously, we have demonstrated that in hearts from dexamethasone
(DEX) treated animals, glycogen accumulation was enhanced. We examined the
influence of DEX on glucose entry and glycogen synthase as a means of regulating the
accumulation of this stored polysaccharide. Following DEX, cardiac tissue had limited
contribution towards the development of whole body insulin resistance. Measurement of
GLUT4 at the plasma membrane revealed an excess presence of this transporter protein
at this location. Interestingly, this was accompanied by an increase in GLUT4 in the
intracellular membrane fraction, an effect that was well correlated to an increased
GLUT4 mR.NA. Both total and phosphorylated AMPK increased following DEX.
Immunoprecipitation of AS 160 followed by Western blotting demonstrated no change in
Akt phosphorylation at Ser473 and Thr308 in DEX treated hearts. However, there was a
significant increase in AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172, which correlated well with
AS 160 phosphorylation. In DEX hearts, there was a considerable reduction in the
phosphorylation of glycogen synthase, whereas GSK-3-β phosphorylation was
augmented. Our data suggest that AMPK mediated glucose entry, combined with
activation of glycogen synthase and reduction in glucose oxidation (Qi, D., et al. Diabetes
53:1790, 2004), act together to promote glycogen storage. Our data suggest that in the
presence of intact insulin signaling, AMPK mediated glucose entry, combined with
activation of glycogen synthase and the previously reported reduction in glucose
oxidation, act together to promote glycogen storage. Should these effects persist chronically, they may explain the increased morbidity and mortality observed with long
term excesses in endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids.
3
Chen, Mimi Zhu. "The effect of bariatric surgery on glucose homeostasis." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.665171.
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Bariatric surgery is very effective at inducing weight loss and diabetes resolution in morbidly obese patients. Whether WL or increased incretin response is the crucial factor in normalising diabetes is still debatable. This thesis work prospectively investigated how bariatric surgery affected insulin action and beta-cell function in patients with morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes. Understanding these can help us to optimise diabetes treatments in patients with morbid obesity. I first discussed how obesity affects insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, evidences that bariatric surgery is superior to conventional medical therapy at inducing weight loss and euglycaemia, and its associated mechanisms. I concluded that more robust data are needed to understand the effects of LAGB and RYGB surgery on glucose homeostasis, as this will have clinical implications for patients undergoing bariatric surgery (Chapter 1). I then described and justified the methods used for investigating insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion in the two studies (GLIPO and ISP) that make up this thesis (Chapter 2). I demonstrated that at 1 week post-op, improvements in glycaemia, insulin sensitivity and weight were the same in all patients, despite unilateral increase in incretin responses in the RYGB group. At 18 months I found that RYGB (n=32) had induced greater weight loss than LAGB (n=17). This resulted in better glycaemic control, further insulin sensitivity enhancement and marked improvements in insulin secretion and pancreatic secretory reserve in this group (Chapter 3&4). Finally, I demonstrated that marked weight loss after RYGB normalised insulin signalling (PI3K-Akt), but not glucose uptake in muscle. This suggested that major defects in the insulin signalling pathway still exist and may explain why not all patients can achieve diabetes remission after RYGB (Chapter 5). In conclusion, the degree of weight loss, not enhanced incretin response, is the major determinant of glycaemic improvement after bariatric surgery. This improvement is first brought about by improvements in insulin sensitivity followed by improvements in insulin secretion.
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Messier, Claude. "Effect of glucose on memory : examination of possible mechanisms." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=74362.
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Previous research has shown that ingestion of sucrose or injection of glucose following a learning experience can improve an animal's memory for that experience. The present work was directed towards elucidating the mechanisms by which sucrose and glucose produce this effect. Memory was tested by determining the effects of post-training injections of various substances on a conditioned emotional response. Glucose itself exerted a dose-dependent bidirectional action on retention. This action was shown not to depend on particular blood glucose levels. Insulin did not improve retention at any of the doses tested. Fructose, a sugar that does not cross the blood-brain barrier produced a dose-response effect on retention similar to that of glucose suggesting that fructose and glucose may act through a common peripheral mechanism. The observation of a memory improvement following injections of either 2-deoxyglucose or 3-O-methylgucose, two non-metabolized glucose analogs, suggested that the effect of glucose on retention may be due to an action on glucose transport and not to any metabolic effects of glucose. Two peripheral organs were examined for their possible involvement in the memory-improving action of glucose. This action was shown not to be dependent on the adrenal medulla which has been implicated in the action of other mnemoactive treatments. Partial denervation of the liver produced a partial attenuation of the effect of glucose on retention. The results are discussed in terms of the action of reinforcers on endogenous physiological mechanisms that modulate memory consolidation.
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Quinn, C. E. "Vascular function in impaired glucose tolerance : Effect of pioglitazone." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501394.
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Inteeworn, Natalie. "The Effect of Hypothyroidism on Glucose Tolerance in Dogs." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32030.
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Background: Canine hypothyroidism is thought to cause abnormalities in glucose homeostasis, but the effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity has not been determined to date.
Hypothesis/Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate whether hypothyroidism has an effect on glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in dogs. We hypothesized that hypothyroidism causes insulin resistance.
Animals: Sixteen euthyroid bitches were randomly selected and allocated into two groups. In 8 dogs, hypothyroidism was induced by administration of 1 mCi/kg I-131. Experiments were performed on non-anesthetized, fasted dogs in anestrous approximately 12 months after hypothyroidism was induced.
Methods: The insulin-modified frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test (FSIGT) and minimal model analysis were used to determine basal insulin and glucose concentrations, acute insulin response to glucose (AIRg), insulin sensitivity (SI), glucose effectiveness (SG) and the disposition index (DI).
Results: In the hypothyroid group, basal glucose concentrations were mildly decreased (P = 0.0079), whereas basal insulin was increased (P = 0.019). Insulin sensitivity was reduced in the hypothyroid group (P<0.001), whereas AIRg was higher (P=0.01). Other parameters were not different between groups.
Conclusions/Clinical Importance: Hypothyroidism negatively affects glucose homeostasis by inducing insulin resistance. In hypothyroid dogs, the disposition index (insulin sensitivity x insulin secretion) remained unchanged due to a compensatory increase in insulin secretion, thereby maintaining glucose tolerance. In cases with impaired insulin secretion, such as canine diabetes mellitus, concurrent hypothyroidism can have important clinical implications in the successful management of the disease.Master of Science
7
Winnick, Jason Joseph. "Effect of aerobic exercise on peripheral glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production in type 2 diabetes mellitus." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157551296.
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Winnick, Jason J. "Effect of aerobic exercise on peripheral glucose uptake and endogenous glucose production in type 2 diabetes mellitus." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1157551296.
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Pidduck, Clare. "Studies of the effect of glucose on insulin-secreting cells." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/35128.
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The long terra effects of glucose on the rate of (pro) insulin biosynthesis and the amount of preproinsulin mRNA in rat islets maintained in tissue culture were investigated. The rate of (pro)insulin synthesis was 35 times greater in islets cultured for 6 days in 8 mM glucose than it was in islets cultured in 4 mM glucose. The preproinsulin mRNA content at this time was 2 fold greater in islets incubated with 8 mM glucose compared to 4 mM glucose. The rate of (pro)insulin synthesis and the preproinsulin mRNA content of islets cultured at 8 mM glucose were maximal since no further significant increases were observed in islets cultured at 16 mM glucose for 6 days. These results indicate that the long term effects of glucose on the rate of (pro)insulin synthesis in rat islets of Langerhans is mediated both by transcriptional and translational events and that translational events exert the major controlling influence.
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Duwaihy, Mansour Mohammad. "Effect of dietary fat on glucose tolerance in the rat." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326901.
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Tabidi, I. "The effect of glucose on cardiac AMP-activated protein kinase." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/18944/.
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AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) serves as an energy-sensing protein that is activated by a variety of metabolic stresses. Recent studies suggest that AMPK is also regulated by hormones and by nutrients such as glucose and fatty acids. In skeletal muscle it was previously shown that AMPK activity was decreased with increasing glucose concentration. In the present study both the activity and the Threonine-172 phosphorylation of AMPK in incubated rat ventricular cardiac myocytes were found to be decreased by increasing glucose in the presence and absence of palmitate. Glucose also caused a decrease in the AMPK-driven phosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Measurements of the myocyte contents of ATP, ADP, AMP and glycogen showed that the effect of glucose on AMPK activity could not be secondary to changes in the levels of these metabolites. The decrease in AMPK activity with glucose was additive to and distinct from the effect of insulin which is mediated through protein kinase B (PKB). Increasing glucose concentration had no effect on the phosphorylation of Threonine-308 and Serine-473 in PKB. AICAR, a pharmacological activator of AMPK, had no effect on the ability of glucose to inactivate AMPK. The myocyte content of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) metabolite xylulose 5-phosphate (Xu5P), a known allosteric activator of PP2A, was increased with increasing glucose concentration such that AMPK activity was inversely related to Xu5P content. The glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor diehydroepiandeosterone (DHA) and thiamine, the precursor of the coenzyme for transketolase, both increased AMPK activity whereas the NADPH oxidant phenazine methosulphate (PMS) decreased AMPK activity. DHA and PMS respectively decreased and increased flux through the PPP. The findings suggest that inactivation of AMPK by glucose may be mediated by the activity of the PPP which sets the level of Xu5P. Two other findings were also made during the course of this project. First, the activity of phosphofructokinase-2 (PFK-2) in the perfused heart was previously shown to be activated through phosphorylation by AMPK. It was therefore expected that increasing glucose concentration would decrease myocyte PFK-2 activity. However PFK-2 activity was found to be increased by glucose. Second, the phosphorylation of Threonine-308 in PKB in response to insulin was appreciably increased in the presence of AICAR suggesting that there may be crosstalk between AMPK and the insulin signalling pathway at the level of PKB.
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Vo, Annie Phuong. "Glucose Metabolism in Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11025.
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Under normal conditions, non-transformed cells rely on glycolysis followed by
oxidative phosphorylation to generate ATPs. When oxygen is scarce or when cells are
actively proliferating, cellular ATPs come mainly from glycolysis. Pyruvate is converted into lactate to allow glycolysis to continue. Interestingly, cancer cells have adapted to favor lactate production even at normal oxygen tensions, exhibiting a metabolic shift known as the Warburg effect. However, the metabolic state of other cellular constituents within the tumor remains mostly unknown. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are the most abundant stromal cells. They aid tumor growth and metastasis by providing growth factors, cytokine, ECM remodeling proteins and interacting with other tumor stromal cells. Here I show that the Warburg effect also operates in stromal fibroblasts of the tumor microenvironment. Using mass spectrometry, genetic mouse models, gene expression and methylation studies, I demonstrate that CAFs from human and mouse mammary tumors exhibit hyperactive glycolysis and a metabolic shift towards lactate production. Furthermore, this phenotype may be sustained through epigenetic modifications of endogenous hypoxia-inducible factor 1α, key regulatory enzymes fructose-bisphosphatase 1 and pyruvate kinase M2. Depletion of stromal fibroblasts or suppression of lactate production specifically in these cells alters the metabolic profile of not only the tumors but also the cancer cells and results in impeded tumor growth. These results collectively suggest that tumor growth is dependent on metabolic state and metabolic support of stromal fibroblasts, highlighting these cells as attractive therapeutic targets in controlling cancer progression.
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Kawano, Yuichi. "Effect of hyperglycemia on glucose transport and intracellular signal transduction in skeletal muscle /." Stockholm, 1999. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1999/91-628-3593-9/.
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Peshdary, Vian. "Effect of Glucose on Human Adipogenesis and its Regulation by Macrophages." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35051.
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Adipose tissue expands via differentiation of preadipocytes into adipocytes (adipogenesis) and/or hypertrophy of existing adipocytes. A low adipogenic capacity promotes adipocyte hypertrophy, causing inflammatory macrophage accumulation and insulin resistance. Macrophage-conditioned medium (MacCM) inhibits adipogenesis and promotes adipocyte inflammation, but it is unknown if these effects are altered by high glucose (HG) versus normal glucose (NG) concentrations. The effect of HG on adipogenesis was assessed. Human subcutaneous abdominal preadipocytes were induced to differentiate in HG or NG conditions. HG did not affect adipogenesis. HG increased ChREBP-β mRNA and protein levels, and increased GLUT4 mRNA, in differentiated adipocytes. It did not change mRNA levels of ACC, SCD, and FAS. The increase in ChREBP-β mRNA was positively correlated with HG-induced increase in GLUT4 mRNA. The effect of HG-MacCM versus NG-MacCM on human adipogenesis and adipocyte inflammation was compared. Human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) were placed in NG or HG glucose for 24 hours to generate MacCM. HG-MacCM, but not NG-MacCM inhibited triacylglycerol accumulation and protein expression of PPARγ during human adipogenesis. Preadipocytes differentiated in HG-MacCM displayed a more pro-inflammatory phenotype, as assessed by increased MCP-1 and IL-6 and reduced adiponectin mRNA expression. HG increased phosphorylation of IKK-β and decreased protein expression of IκBα in MDMs. In addition, HG reduced protein expression of PPARγ in MDMs. The pro-inflammatory effect of HG-MacCM on MCP-1 expression in adipocytes was partially inhibited when MDMs were treated with sc-514 (IKKβ inhibitor). My data demonstrate that HG-induced expression of ChREBP-β in adipocytes may be associated with increased GLUT4 mRNA. The anti-adipogenic and pro-inflammatory effects of HG-MacCM are more potent than NG-MacCM. This suggests the possibility that adipose tissue cellular remodeling in vivo may be altered with hyperglycemia.
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Oenzil, Fadil, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Effect of vitamin A deficiency on glucose uptake in the rat." Deakin University. School of Science, 1988. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20051110.120816.
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This thesis describes an investigation of the effects of vitamin A deficiency on gut function, The central hypothesis to be tested was that acute vitamin A deficiency affects glucose uptake from the small intestine- The hypothesis was tested using a system involving perfusion of isolated segments of the small intestine in the anaesthetized rat. The system was used to study effects on glucose uptake under steady-state conditions.
In the initial part of the study, experiments were diverted towards setting up the system for measuring steady-state uptake, and determining the relative contributions of active uptake and diffusion. Phenol red was found to be a reliable non-absorbable marker for determining net water movement. Phlorizin, generally at 1 mmol/L, was used as a competitive (reversible) inhibitor of active uptake. It is difficult however to confirm complete inhibition of active uptake by phlorizin because of the limited solubility of the inhibitor.
The kinetics of glucose uptake f ram intra-luminal maltose were found to be, in general, not significantly different from those applying to the uptake of glucose from an equivalent glucose solution. Maltase activity in the perfused gut segment was found to be sufficient to hydrolyse most of the maltose (80 per cent or more) in the solution being perfused, a much greater proportion than was absorbed. Glucose absorptive capacity, measured on an intestinal dry weight basis, was greatest in the duodenum and progressively less in the jejunum and ileum.
The rate of water uptake f ran the gut was increased by the presence of glucose in the lumen, and was linked to glucose uptake as shown by the inhibition of water uptake by phlorizin. Uptake of glucose by solvent drag was demonstrated by showing an increased rate of glucose uptake when the rate of water uptake was increased by perfusing a solution of reduced osmotic pressure. In the experiment a low intra-luminal glucose concentration was used to preclude net uptake by diffusion and active uptake was blocked with phlorizin.
This process was further investigated using streptozotocin-diabetic rats in which the diabetes establishes a hyperosomotic blood with hyperglycaemia. Uptake by solvent drag was more obvious in diabetic animals. A back-diffusion (exsorption) of glucose from the tissues to the lumen was also shown; the rate being proportional to plasma glucose concentration.
Vitamin A deficiency was established in weanling rats after 6-7 weeks feeding on a diet based on wheat starch, coconut oil, and casein washed with hot ethanol, together with vitamins and minerals. The vitamin A deficiency led to classic eye signs and was reversed by the addition to the diet of retinoic acid (5 g/g diet). Vitamin A deficiency decreased intestinal mucus production (dry weight) but had no detectable effect on the histology of the villous epithelium as shown under the light microscope. Using perfusion experiments it was shown that vitamin A deficiency had no significant effect on the rate of active uptake of glucose, but that deficiency increased the rate of passive uptake.
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Yang, Yi. "The effect of high glucose on APP metabolism and Abeta production." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44189.
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Christian, Leonie Marie. "The effect of glucose on memory and aspects of cognitive function." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.541645.
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Bradley, Helen Elizabeth. "Glucose transporter 4 and localisation in skeletal muscle : the effect of glucose and insulin administration, acute exercise and exercise training." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4832/.
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Glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) in skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the maintenance of glucose homeostasis. Chapter 2 of this thesis develops an immunofluorescence microscopy method to generate novel information in human skeletal muscle on the effect of physiological stimuli on GLUT4 localisation, translocation to the plasma membrane and total protein content. Chapter 3 shows that training-induced increases in total GLUT4 protein content are driven by increases in the number of large and size of smaller intracellular GLUT4 storage clusters in human skeletal muscle. In chapter 4 the method successfully demonstrates GLUT4 translocation 30 min following glucose ingestion and 30 min after the start of moderate intensity cycling exercise in humans. GLUT4 translocation after glucose ingestion is transient and modest in comparison to the exercise response. Chapters 5 and 6 report no changes in GLUT4 translocation following an 80 min hyperinsulinaemic-isoglycaemic clamp in rats and a 2 h hyperglycaemic clamp in humans despite elevated rates of whole body glucose disposal in both experiments. This immunofluorescence method will be a valuable analytical tool in future studies investigating the mechanisms behind changes in muscle glucose uptake in response to obesity, age-related chronic diseases and therapeutic interventions including diet and exercise.
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Duffner, Jack Patrick. "Synthesis of Benzimidazolone Glucose Uptake Inhibitors." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1524832705752963.
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Martino, Paul F. "The effects of dantrolene on post exercise glucose uptake." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020145.
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The purpose of this investigation was to determine the relationship between calcium and glucose uptake following muscle contraction with the use of the calcium channel blocker dantrolene. In previous studies an exercise model has been used to investigate the role of calcium during post-exercise glucose uptake. This study utilized electrical stimulation. It has been shown that exercise-induced glucose uptake is calciummediated, but to date no one has shown that glucose transport induced by electrical stimulation is calcium-mediated. Twenty four male Sprague Dawley rats weighing 140 g were sacrificed and their epitrochlearis muscles were removed. Four treatment groups were established: control, muscle incubated in glucose (4mM); insulin, muscles incubated in glucose (4mM) and insulin (1000uU/ml); electrical stimulation, at 50 Hz for two five minute intervals separated by one minute rest periods; insulin (1000uU/ml) and electrical stimulation at 50 Hz for two five minute intervals separated by one minute intervals. Each group consisted of contain 8-10 muscle preparations. Glucose uptake was measured through the use of a double label of radioactive mannitol and 3-O-methylglucose and analyzed using liquid scintillation. This project followed a randomized group design. Treatments were measured with a one way ANOVA.School of Physical Education
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Clark, Louise Frances. "The effect of long-term high-dose n-3 PUFA on glucose and protein metabolism in subjects with impaired glucose regulation." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2012. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192307.
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n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) have been postulated to improve the insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes since the 1960s when observational studies in the Alaskan Inuit noted a reduced prevalence of type 2 diabetes when this population consumed a traditional diet. These findings were supported by animal studies but results of human intervention studies have been variable with most showing no change in glucose metabolism. More recent studies in growing farm animals suggested that muscle membrane phospholipids required to be enriched to a minimum of 14% n-3 PUFA in order for a change in insulin sensitivity to occur. This study sought to establish the effect of long-term (9 month) high-dose (3g/day) supplement of the n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on insulin sensitivity of glucose and protein metabolism. Thirty-three subjects with impaired glucose regulation underwent hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic-euaminoacidaemic clamps pre- and postintervention of n-3 PUFA or a control (maize) oil. A second cohort who all received n-3 PUFA supplementation underwent pre- and post-intervention muscle biopsies. Secondary outcomes included an assessment of inflammatory status and determining whether erythrocyte membrane phospholipid could act as a surrogate for muscle membrane phospholipid. In the clamp cohort, there were no changes in glucose metabolism postintervention; however, there was an increase in insulin-stimulated protein metabolism following the fish oil intervention. In the biopsy cohort, no subject achieved 14% PUFA enrichment in muscle membrane phospholipids; however, all subjects who received n-3 PUFA supplementation did achieve a minimum of 14% enrichment of n-3 PUFA in erythrocyte membrane phospholipid. In agreement with the majority of the literature, n-3 PUFA did not affect glucose metabolism. Insulin-stimulated protein metabolism was improved supporting the findings of another recent human study. These changes in protein metabolism may reduce the sarcopenia associated with aging, potentially delaying the progression of frailty.
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Wilkinson, Ryan John Paul. "Effect of glucose on the suppression and post-suppression rebound of stereotypes." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6213.
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The suppression of unwanted thoughts is an effortful process. An ironic effect of this process is that the unwanted thoughts can become hyper-accessibility after a period of their suppression, known as “post-suppression rebound”. In the present study the impact of providing energy (through a glucose drink) on post-suppression rebound was investigated. One hundred and twenty participants participated in the main study, and another 30 participants served as a baseline group. Half of the participants in the main study were given a drink containing glucose and the other half was given a placebo drink containing an artificial sweetener. All participants wrote a passage about a “day in the life” of a gay male, with half the participants directed to avoid using stereotypes. A subsequent lexical decision task measured activation of stereotypes. Finally, a measure of prejudice was given to account for individual differences. Neither the direction to avoid using stereotypes nor the glucose resulted in lower stereotypicality of the “day in life” passages. Furthermore, response times during the lexical decision task did not differ between any of the main conditions or the baseline condition. However, the combination of both glucose and directed suppression did result in more positive passages, suggesting that the combination assists in reducing negative stereotype usage. Results are discussed in terms of stereotype usage and suppression and prejudice level.
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Stone, Claire Gemma. "Antioxidants and trace elements : effect on mediated electron transfer in glucose biosensors." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2006. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/763/.
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Metcalf, J. A. "The effect of insulin on glucose metabolism during lactation in the ewe." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378850.
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Kuma, Bezawit G. "The Effect of Hatha Yoga on Glucose Levels in Healthy College Students." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1462292094.
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Mannan, Adnan. "Molecular Signaling Pathways Involved in the Glucose-Lowering Effect of Teucrium polium." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/56434.
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This thesis demonstrates that an extract of Teucrium polium, a Mediterranean herb with folklore reputation for the treatment of diabetes, does indeed have antidiabetic properties. It promotes insulin secretion from pancreactic beta cells and also has some insulin-like properties. For example, it promotes glucose uptake and storage as glycogen in muscle cells. The plant extract might be an impactful target for future drug discovery efforts for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and related disorders.
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DiLeo, Jessica, Michaela Johnson-Clague, Jennifer Prze, and Asad Patanwala. "Effect of Blood Glucose in the Emergency Department on Hospital Length of Stay." The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614255.
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Class of 2013 AbstractSpecific Aims: The objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of early blood glucose correction in the Emergency Department (ED) on hospital length of stay. Methods: This study has received institutional review board approval. This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in an academic medical institution. Diabetic patients with hyperglycemia in the ED between June 1st, 2011 and June 30th, 2012 were included. Patients were excluded if they were less than 18 or greater than 89 years of age, not admitted, had diabetic ketoacidosis or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state, treated with insulin for hyperkalemia, trauma patients, or had an initial blood glucose value of 200 mg/dL or less. Patients were categorized into two groups based on blood glucose control achieved within the first 24 hours from triage. The primary outcome of this study was to compare hospital length of stay between the groups. Main Results: A total of 161 patients were included in this study. Baseline demographics between groups were statistically similar with the exception of gender (p=0.635), ethnicity (p = 0.149), and co-morbidities calculated by the Charlson Co-Morbidity Score (p = 0.112). Blood glucose values in the ED did not statistically correlate to hospital length of stay (p = 0.299), however, co-morbidities were predictive of hospital length of stay (p = 0.025). Conclusion: Early correction of blood glucose values in the ED are not associated with hospital length of stay.
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Karamichalis, Nikolaos. "Using Machine Learning techniques to understand glucose fluctuation in response to breathing signals." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för system- och rymdteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-87348.
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Blood glucose (BG) prediction and classification plays big role in diabetic patients' daily lives. Based on International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2019, 463 million people are diabetic globally and the projection by 2045 is that the number will rise to 700 million people. Continuous glucose monitor (CGM) systems assist diabetic patients daily, by alerting them about their BG levels fluctuations continuously. The history of CGM systems started in 1999, when the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first CGM system, until nowadays where the developments of the system's accurate reading and delay on reporting are continuously improving. CGM systems are key elements in closed-loop systems, that are using BG monitoring in order to calculate and deliver with the patient's supervision the needed insulin to the patient automatically. Data quality and the feature variation are essential for CGM systems, therefore many studies are being conducted in order to support the developments and improvements of CGM systems and diabetics daily lives. This thesis aims to show that physiological signals retrieved from various sensors, can assist the classification and prediction of BG levels and more specifically that breathing rate can enhance the accuracy of CGM systems for diabetic patients and also healthy individuals. The results showed that physiological data can improve the accuracy of prediction and classification of BG levels and improve the performance of CGM systems during classification and prediction tasks. Finally, future improvements could include the use of predictive horizon (PH) regarding the data and also the selection and use of different models.
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Struble, Nigel. "Measuring Glycemic Variability and Predicting Blood Glucose Levels Using Machine Learning Regression Models." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1382664092.
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White, Lynn H. "Task-specific effects of glucose and stress on memory." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ44628.pdf.
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Roberts, Dennis A. "Design and Synthesis of Stable Glucose Uptake Inhibitors." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou14791141897033.
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Miniaci, Sandra A. "Maternal dietary glucose restriction and its effect on amniotic fluid amino acid composition." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0001/MQ44224.pdf.
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Forouzandehfard, Farnaz. "Effect of formulation parameters on the stability of glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger." Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633691.
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Protein-based therapeutics have outstanding potential for the treatment of diseases, yet their physical and ' chemical protein instability has remained a major barrier for their rapid commercialisation. Development of efficient stabilisation protocols would be achieved by having a better understanding of the effect of key formulation parameters on protein stability. The main body of this project has been dedicated to investigating the effect of key formulation parameters, such as pH, ionic strength and temperature, on the stability and the aggregation mechanism of a model protein, Glucose oxidase at low (1 mg/ml) protein concentration. In addition, due to a strong trend in the pharmaceutical industry to formulate protein therapeutics at higher concentrations, key experiments were carried out at high (100 mg/ml) protein concentration. Changes in the physical state of the model protein were monitored using a combination of different techniques, including activity assay, Size-exclusion chromatography, visual assessment, intrinsic and extrinsic fluorescence spectroscopy, and static light scattering. In addition, we investigated whether the concept of accelerated stability study, widely used in the pharmaceutical industry, is a valid approach for predicting long-term stability. The results revealed that the rate and the mechanism of inactivation is pH, ionic strength, temperature, surfactant and protein concentration dependent. Furthermore, the results of the high concentration experiments showed the existence of an aggregation state, which appears to be different from the one observed at low protein concentrations. This is evident from the observation that · proteins at very high concentrations respond to formulations in a very different way than the same proteins at low concentrations. The findings from the work obtained from highly concentrated formulations showed the need for development of techniques that directly measure the stability of proteins at high concentrations without a dilution step. It also became evident that the concept of accelerated stability is not always applicable.
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Simpson, Charles H. A. "Effect of glucose solutions on fluid availability at rest and exercise in humans." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424992.
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This thesis examined relationships between the composition of ingested solutions and nutrient availability in humans. The rate of fluid and energy availability from an ingested solution depends upon both gastric emptying (GE) and intestinal absorption processes. Experimental results demonstrated that the GE rate of fluid in resting man was significantly delayed by ingestion of ≥6.4 carbohydrate (CHO) solutions, but not by a dilute 2% CHO solution. Conversely, the rate of energy delivery to the intestine was highest for ≥6.4% CHO solutions. Solution osmolality had no influence on the GE rate of a 6.4% CHO solution. Relative field uptake rates for 0, 2 and 6.4% CHO solutions were also examined using a 2H technique in resting humans. Although fluid uptake rates were statistically similar for these solutions, the results suggested a trend for the 2% CHO solution to promote the highest rate of fluid uptake. Lastly, the effect of glucose concentration on cycling capacity under temperate conditions was examined. Endurance-trained subjects ingested 0 (i.e. water), 2, 4 or 6% glucose solutions during separate 90 min cycles at ~70% VO2 peak, before cycling to exhaustion at 95% VO2 peak. In comparison with the 0% glucose solution, cycling capacity was significantly improved by the 4% glucose solution only. There was no clear explanation for this result, but it was suggested that improved fluid availability and central function may be partly responsible.
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McDonnell, Barry John. "The effect of diabetes, ethnicity, impaired fasting glucose and exercise on arterial stiffness." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54056/.
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The "first study" compared 3 methods of assessing arterial stiffness and found that: each method of assessment was comparable to the other and that reproducibility was similar throughout the systems. Since there are conflicting data associated with arterial stiffness and type-2 diabetes, the "second study" therefore assessed arterial stiffness, using pulse wave analysis and pulse wave velocity and found there to be increased arterial stiffness in a group of type-2 diabetics compared to healthy controls. The second study also found that South Asians had significantly lower arterial stiffness in the femoral vascular bed compared to the Caucasians. Although diabetes is known to increase arterial stiffness, the effect of impaired fasting glucose on arterial stiffness is unclear. The effect of impaired fasting glucose on arterial stiffness has therefore been investigated in the "third study" and the findings demonstrate that individuals with impaired fasting glucose have increased arterial stiffness compared to individuals with normal fasting glucose. Similar findings were observed when comparing diabetics and individuals with normoglycaemia. Finally, therapeutic intervention targeted at increased arterial stiffness should be of benefit in reducing the prevalence of cardiovascular disease. The "fourth study" has therefore also examined the effect of regular aerobic exercise on arterial stiffness and found that in older individuals, arterial stiffness was significantly lower in a group of individuals who exercised regularly compared to sedentary controls. Therefore, suggesting the potential benefit of aerobic exercise as a non-pharmacological intervention to decrease arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease.
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Young, Hayley Anne. "The effect of postprandial glucose metabolism on cognition and mood across the lifespan." Thesis, Swansea University, 2013. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa43174.
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The aim of this thesis was to examine the effects of postprandial glycaemia on cognition and mood. Three studies provided evidence that low GL meals/drinks result in cognitive superiority. Study 1 found that Children's (n = 75) memory and mood were improved 180 minutes after eating a breakfast (cereal, yogurt, orange flavour drink, 337kcal) sweetened with 40g isomaltulose (low GL) rather than 40g glucose (high GL). Study 2 examined the interaction between gluco-regulatory status of older adults (n=153) and the GL of breakfast. Older adults with better, but not poorer glucose tolerance, had better memory and mood if they ate breakfast (toast, yogurt, orange flavour drink, 275kcal) sweetened with 40g isomaltulose (low GL), rather than 40g glucose (high GL) or 40g sucrose (medium GL). Conversely, older adults with poorer glucose tolerance had better memory and mood 30 minutes after glucose but not a sucrose or isomaltulose based meal. Individual differences in gluco-regulatory control also interacted with age to predict cognitive performance, cognitive decline and mood. Adults aged 61 or above, with poorer glucose tolerance, had poorer memory than those 61 or over with better glucose tolerance, or those 60 and younger with poorer glucose tolerance. In addition, in older adults with poor glucose tolerance, developing subsequent low blood glucose levels was associated with better cognitive performance, mood and less cognitive decline. Study 3 investigated the interaction between caffeine (80mg) and the GL of its vehicle. After drinking caffeine young adults (n= 345) had poorer glucose tolerance. Caffeine, regardless of vehicle, improved young adult's memory, reaction times and vigilance. Young adults remembered more words, after 150 minutes, if they drank milk (250ml, 155kcal, low GL), rather than glucose (250ml drink with 30g glucose, 155kcal, high GL), and had better working memory, after 90 and 150 minutes, if they drank water (250ml), or milk, rather than glucose. After 30 minutes, caffeine increased subjective energy levels, however, when caffeine was taken with water energy levels were reduced after 90 and 150 minutes. In contrast, when caffeine was consumed with milk greater energy was reported after 90 and 150 minutes. Caffeine did not affect energy levels when it was drunk with glucose. These results were discussed in relation to an emerging understanding of the pathologies that underlie disturbed glucose homeostasis and how these relate to the brain and cognitive performance. A theoretical framework was put forward which aims to direct future research.
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Shah, Dhruvesh. "Effect of Glucose Supplementation on Nighttime Biomass Loss and Productivity of Microalgae Chlorella." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1337627039.
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Stahl, Rachel. "The Effect of Glucose on Beta-Catenin Expression in Diabetic and Normal Cells." Marietta College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=marhonors1496139881597792.
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Lai, Ya-Chi, and 賴雅琪. "Effect of catechins on learning memory ability, antioxidative status, blood glucose and insulin in senescence accelerated mice." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a39kan.
Full textAbstract:
碩士靜宜大學
食品營養研究所
94
Catechins were demonstrated to have antioxidant and redusing blood glucose capacity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of catechins on learning and memory ability, antioxidative status, blood glucose and insulin content in senescence accelerated mice. 3- and 6-month-old senescence accelerated male and female mice were divided into four groups: control group, 50, 200 and 800 ppm aqueous solutions of catechins(experimental groups). After 12 weeks of feeding, body weight, food intake, drink amount, aging score, open field activity test, single-trial passive avoidance and active shuttle avoidance test were performed during the experiment. The oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was analyzed before sacrificed. The biochemical parameters of serum were analyzed after sacrificed. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), malondialdehyde (MDA) , protein carbonyl and total thiol concentrations and insulin content, pathological examination of brain and pancreas. The results showed that there were no significant differences in the body weight, food intake, drink amount and locomotion among four groups. The aging score of experimental groups were significantly lower than the control group in the 3-and 6-month-old mice (p<0.05). In learning and memory test, experimental groups of 3-and 6-month-old senescence accelerated male and female mice had significantly better in active shuttle avoidance response and single-trial passive avoidance test (p＜0.05). The results of OGTT, experimental groups of 3-and 6-month-old senescence accelerated male and female mice had significantly lower than the control group on blood glucose at 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes (p<0.05). In concentration of plasma insulin, experimental groups had significantly lower than the control group in before and 30, 60, 90, 120 minutes (p<0.05). The SOD activity was no significantly different in both 3-and 6-month old male and female mice. The catalase, GPx, glutathione reductase, G-6-PD activity and total thiol concentration, experimental groups of 3-and 6-month-old senescence accelerated male and female mice had significantly higher than the control group (p＜0.05). The MDA and protein carbonyl concentrations in the experimental groups were significantly lower than the control group. The β-amyloid protein deposition of brain, pancreas and insulin content were no significantly different in the 3-and 6-month male and female mice. From the findings of these results, the supplement of catechins may ameliorate learning and memory ability, antioxidative system and increase insulin sensitivity in SAMP8 mice.
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Chen, Yu-chung, and 陳昱均. "Effect of Aminoguanidine on Glucose Homeostasis." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83841878157645674084.
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碩士國立成功大學
藥理學研究所
97
Diabetes is a metabolic disorder, characterized by impaired glucose utilization and high plasma glucose, lots of complications might be developed by diabetes. It was reported that aminoguanidine (AMG) inhibited advanced glycation end product formation to improve the development of diabetic complications. However, the direct effect of AMG on glucose homeostasis remains unclear. In this study, hypoglycemic effect was observed in Wistar rats and streptozotocin-induced type I diabetic rats (STZ-diabetic rats) after AMG injection. On the other hand, AMG treatment increased glucose tolerance in Wistar rats, indicating that the glucose-lowering action of AMG might increase plasma insulin levels or glucose utility. In the present study, the plasma insulin level of Wistar rats was increased after AMG treatment, whereas AMG had no effect on glucose uptake in mouse myoblast cells (C2C12). Also, the loperamide-induced glucose uptake was inhibited by AMG treatment in vitro. Thus, the hypoglycemic effect of AMG in STZ-diabetic rats and Wistar rats seems through the AMG metabolites. Previous studies had been shown that AMG metabolites act as agonists at the nicotinic cholinoceptor. Activation of nicotinic cholinoceptor might induce acetylcholine release and further activated muscarinic cholinoceptor and several studies had shown that muscarinic M1 recepter plays a role of glucose uptake into C2C12 cells and insulin secretion. We found that the hypoglycemic action and insulinotropic effect of AMG in experimental rats was blocked by nicotinic cholinoceptor antagonist (hexamethonium) and muscarinic cholinoceptor antagonist (atropine or pirenzepine). Physostigmine at concentration sufficient to inhibit acetylcholinesterase enhanced the hypoglycemic action of AMG in Wistar rats and STZ-diabetic rats. Taken together, these results suggest that AMG has an ability to decrease blood glucose in diabetic rats and normal rats, probably through AMG metabolites to activate cholinergic neurotransmission.
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Ling, Sheng-Ming, and 凌聖銘. "Effect of central insulin on glucose homeostasis." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/49720169215328737452.
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碩士國立成功大學
藥理學研究所
96
Central administration of insulin has metabolic, reproductive and neurotrophic effects. The metabolic effects of insulin are responsible for controlling the long-term glucose homeostasis via an activation of parasympathetic nerves in peripheral, which results in reduction of hepatic glucose output. However, it is still unclear whether central insulin exerts the regulation of plasma glucose within short term. In this study, we found that central administration of insulin caused an increment of plasma insulin level and a counterpart decrement in plasma glucose level within one hour. These effects were blocked by vagotomy and intraperitoneal administration of 4-DAMP, a specific M3 antagonist, which points out the importance of vagus nerve in insulin release and plasma glucose lowering effect. KATP is a key mediator in central signaling pathway of insulin. We also found that plasma glucose-lowering effect was blocked by central administration of sulphonylurea, a KATP blocker. After investigation the opposing effect of sulphonylurea to central effect of insulin, we found that the anorexic effect of central insulin is abolished after peripheral administration of sulphonylurea. Administration of sulphonylurea for 7 days results in diminished plasma glucose-lowering effect of central insulin. In conclusion, central insulin decreased plasma glucose level by activation of vagus nerve, which resulted in release of insulin, and intraperitoneal administration of sulphonylurea interferes with central effect of insulin.
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Chen, Kuan-yu, and 陳冠宇. "Effect of glucose metabolism on recombinant protein production." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26qg8h.
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碩士逢甲大學
生醫資訊暨生醫工程碩士學程
102
An Escherichia coli strain that expresses the T7 RNA polymerase under the control of L-arabinose has been developed in our lab. However, this bacterial strain is deficient in the glucose transporter gene of the phosphotransferase transport system, which leads to the impaired glucose metabolism of the strain. In this study, the approach of metabolic engineering was adopted to improve glucose metabolism of this bacterial strain. The performance of this resulting strain for recombinant protein production was further investigated.
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Huang, Chiung-Yu, and 黃炯毓. "Effect of Glucose Injection on Blood Glucose and Glycosuria for Tilapia（Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus）." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35881882636994240956.
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碩士國立海洋大學
水產養殖學系
87
Fishes appear to utilize dietary carbohydrate poorly. It has been shown that carbohydrate is generally the major dietary source of energy in most domestic animals, however, it is considered to be of limited value in the nutrition of fish. Differences in carbohydrate digestion、utilization、absorption and metabolism between fish and mammals the major reasons. Causing dietary differences between these two animal groups. The objective of this experiment was to observe the variation of the blood glucose and glycosuria concentration within 24 hours after each injection of a certain glucose concentration in order to determine the glucose threshold for tilapia.The experiment 1, four levels of glucose concentrations 0, 0.75, 1.05, 1.35 g/dl had been injected, according to the body weight of tested fish. Experiment was designed be find threshold value of blood glucose for tilapia. The experiment 2, four levels of glucose concentrations 15, 22.5, 30, 45 g/dl had been injected. The second experimented was to understand the glucose of blood glucose and glycosuria after high concentration glucose injection.The result of experiment 1 indicates that the threshold of glucose in tilapia urine is at 87.25 mg/dl. The maximum glucose emission at the second hour after the injection of 15, 22.5, 30 g/dl glucose levels in second experiment. However, 45 g/dl level, the maximum glucose emission is at the first hour. The results of second experiment also indicate that the percentage of emission/injection decreased with the increasing of the injection concentration. Furthermore, the experiment 2 also show that 95% glucose inject to fish were not excreted to urine or keep in fish body.
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Ribeiro, Ana Clara Sampaio. "Evaluation of the pre-analytical factors effect in the blood glucose concentration determination and iatrogenic hyperglycemia effect on leukogram values." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10348/9931.
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Biochemistry Master DissertationThere are recommendations specific for measuring blood glucose in serum or plasma and in both cases, it is very important that the samples be centrifuged for the separation of serum or plasma from blood cells, up to 1 hour postcollection. This is important because glycolysis continues in the in vitro blood cells. In veterinary medicine, although delays between blood collection and analysis are common, in the bovine species, the effect of prolonged contact with the clot in the glucose concentration is not well established. The use of supplemented fluids with glucose is a common procedure and to date there is no published papers about the effect of spurious hyperglycemia in the leucocyte count in dogs and cats. Thus this dissertation has two main objectives: to evaluate the glucose levels in paired samples of serum, plasma and fluoridated plasma belonging to bovine animals, in order to elucidate the effect of storage time and temperature in glucose concentration and, to formulate specific recommendations for sample storing and processing; to evaluate spurious hyperglycemia effect on the leucocyte cell count (total and differential count) in dog and cat blood with the ProCyte Dx hematological Analyzer (IDEXX). For the first objective, the total blood samples were divided into tubes without additive, Fluoride/EDTA tubes and heparin lithium tubes. Samples were stored ate 25ºC and 4ºC and glucose concentration was determined 2h, 4h, and 8h after collection by on an automated biochemistry analyser (Randox RX Daytona™). The results suggest that the mean concentration of glucose in the fluoridated plasma is not statistically different for both storage temperatures. In serum, the mean glucose concentration is statistically different when the samples are stored at 4ºC or at 25ºC. For plasma, the reduction in the mean concentration of glucose at 4 ºC or at 25ºC is not significant. The mean glucose concentration in the fluoridated plasma sample is not statistically different for the four post-harvest dosing times whereas for the serum and plasma samples, the average glucose concentration will decrease over time. We conclude that the total blood storage at 4ºC limits the decline in glucose concentration by up to 8 hours of storage in fluoridated plasma samples. Storage exceeding 4 hours, even at 4ºC, should be avoided in serum and plasma samples to avoid significant changes in glucose concentration. At 25ºC, the contact time of the serum clot should not exceed 1 hour in serum and plasma samples and 2 hours in fluoridated plasma samples. For the second objective, dog and cat blood samples were collected for EDTA tubes. The samples were experimentally "contaminated" with glucose to achieve a final concentration of 5%, 10% and 20% and were analysed in the ProCyte Dx ™ (IDEXX). Any spurious hyperglycemia group don’t show statistical significant difference from hemodilution group. These results are observed both in dogs and cats. We can conclude that apparently spurious hyperglycemia has no effects in the leucocytes parameters.
Existem recomendações específicas para medir a glicose no sangue no soro ou plasma e, em ambos os casos, é muito importante que as amostras sejam centrífugas para a separação do soro ou plasma das células sanguíneas, até 1 hora após a coleta. Isto é importante porque a glicólise continua nas células sanguíneas in vitro. Na medicina veterinária, embora sejam comuns os atrasos entre a colheita e a análise de sangue, nas espécies bovinas, o efeito do contato prolongado com o coágulo na concentração de glicose não está bem estabelecido. O uso de suplementos líquidos com glicose é um procedimento comum e, até o momento, não há artigos publicados sobre o efeito da hiperglicemia espúria na contagem de leucócitos em cães e gatos. Assim, esta dissertação tem dois objetivos principais: avaliar os níveis de glicose em amostras pareadas de soro, plasma e plasma fluoretado pertencentes a bovinos, a fim de elucidar o efeito do tempo e temperatura de armazenamento na concentração de glicose e, formular recomendações específicas para armazenamento e processamento de amostras; avaliar o efeito da hiperglicemia espúria na contagem de células leucocitárias (contagem total e diferencial) no sangue de cães e gatos com o Analisador Hematológico ProCyte Dx (IDEXX). Para o primeiro objetivo, as amostras totais de sangue foram divididas em tubos sem aditivo, tubos de fluoreto/EDTA e tubos de heparina lítio. As amostras foram armazenadas a 25ºC e 4ºC e a concentração de glicose foi determinada 2h, 4h e 8h após a colheita num analisador bioquímico automatizado (Randox RX Daytona ™). Os resultados sugerem que a concentração média de glicose no plasma fluoretado não é estatisticamente diferente para as duas temperaturas de armazenamento. No soro, a concentração média de glicose é estatisticamente diferente quando as amostras são armazenadas a 4ºC ou a 25ºC. Para o plasma, a redução na concentração média de glicose a 4ºC ou a 25ºC não é significativa. A concentração média de glicose na amostra de plasma fluoretado não é estatisticamente diferente nos quatro tempos de dosagem pós-colheita, enquanto nas amostras de soro e plasma, a concentração média de glicose diminui com o tempo. Concluímos que o armazenamento total de sangue a 4ºC limita o declínio na concentração de glicose até 8 horas em amostras de plasma fluoretado. O armazenamento superior a 4 horas, mesmo a 4ºC, deve ser evitado em amostras de soro e plasma para evitar alterações significativas na concentração de glicose. A 25ºC, o tempo de contato do coágulo sérico não deve exceder 1 hora nas amostras de soro e plasma e 2 horas nas amostras de plasma fluoretado. Para o segundo objetivo, amostras de sangue de cães e gatos foram colhidas para tubos de EDTA. As amostras foram "contaminadas" experimentalmente com glicose para atingir uma concentração final de 5%, 10% e 20% e foram analisadas no ProCyte Dx ™ (IDEXX). Qualquer grupo de hiperglicemia espúria não mostra diferença estatística significante em relação ao grupo de hemodiluição. Estes resultados são observados em cães e gatos. Podemos concluir que a hiperglicemia aparentemente espúria não tem efeitos nos parâmetros dos leucócitos.
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Gin-Chi, Huang, and 黃靖琪. "Effect of Canavanine on Plasma Glucose in Diabetic Rats." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63885018091993873451.
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碩士國立成功大學
藥理學研究所
96
Several studies have been demonstrated that the guanidine-derivative compound has a potent effect on decreasing the plasma glucose via imidazoline subtype 2 receptor (I2R) or increasing the secretion of insulin via imidazoline subtype 3 receptor (I3R). Canavanine, belongs to one of the guanidine derivatives, is one of the active ingredient extracted from Sutherlandia frutescens and Medicago sativa. The present study aimed to clarify whether canavanine exerted the hypoglycemic effect through activating IR. In normal rats, canavanine decreased the blood glucose in a dose-dependent manner. In streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, canavanine lowered the plasma glucose and increased ��-endorphin, which were abolished by pretreatment the rats with BU224 at the dose sufficient to block I2R. Canavanine also dose-dependently increased the glucose uptake in isolated skeletal muscle, which was blocked by BU224. Moreover, we used C2C12 skeletal myoblast cells to verify whether canavanine augmented the glucose uptake ability via I2R. Results showed that canavanine dose-dependently increased the glucose uptake in C2C12 cells, whereas this effect was blocked by both BU224 and amiloride (an I2A blocker). Several studies indicated that the phosphorylated AMPK (pAMPK) raises expression of glucose transporter 4 (Glut4), leading to the increase of glucose uptake. We also employed Western blotting analysis to detect the effect of canavanine on AMPK phosphorylation and Glut4 expression. These results revealed that canavanine enhanced the levels of pAMPK and Glut4 expression in C2C12 cells, which were abolished by BU224, amiloride and compound C (an AMPK inhibitor). Furthermore, canavanine produced an insulinotropic action in normal rats. An increase of insulin release was observed by canavanine in HIT-T15 cells, a pancreatic islet ��-cell, whereas this effect was blocked by I3R antagonist, KU 14 R. Finally, we also found that canavanine not only increased the ability on glucose utilization but also improved the insulin sensitivity determined by glucose tolerance test, insulin tolerance test and HOMA-IR. Taken together, these results suggested that canavanine produced hypoglycemic action through both I2R in insulin-independent and I3R in insulin-dependent pathways and implicated that it might be beneficial effect for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
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Wang, Yung-Hsuan, and 王詠萱. "Effect of Longan Flower Extract on Blood Glucose Regulation." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03416129735391144799.
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碩士中原大學
生物科技研究所
100
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease characterized by elevated levels of sugar in the blood. It's one of the prevalent diseases of modern times. DM not only list on the "top ten causes of death" in Taiwan, but also the prevelence rate of it increasing, accompanied with a decreasing average age of incidence annually. In addition, DM would also induce other complication diseases, for example coronary heart disease, renal disease and hypertention. Apparently, DM is a significant disease for people in Taiwan. Our previous study showed that water extract of longan flower (LF) could ameliorate the multiple symptoms in metabolic syndrome (MS). MS frequently occurs in people with DM. Therefore, the aim of this study was to further examine if the longan flower could improve DM and the complication of DM. The first part of this study is an animal study. Nicotinamide and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats were used as a animal model. Rats were administered with water extracts of longan flower (LF), ethyl acetate fractions of LF (EA) and water layer fractions of LF (W) respectly to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of LF and its different fractions. Following, the assay of glucose/dicarbonyl compound induced formation of advanced glycation end products were used to assess the preventing effects of LF and its different fractions on diabetic complication. Results of in vivo study showed that EA fraction could improve the hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia in diabetes rats. And also, LF and EA fraction ameliorated the glucose intolerance which is considered to be a stage in the development of type 2 DM. Results of in vitro study showed that LF could inhibit the formation of advanced glycation end product, and the most effective fraction was EA fraction.
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Wu, Chen-Pei, and 吳佩蓁. "Effect of Kefir on Glucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08509041042319979612.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
食品科技研究所
103
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a predominant chronic disease which causes mortality of millions of people yearly. Insulin resistance is a key etiology of Type 2 DM. Kefir is a fermented milk which composed a specific mixture of bacteria and yeast cultures, and have received increasing attention as potential ingredients of health-promoting functional foods. Past studies revealed that kefir can improve diet-related chronic diseases, such as obesity, systemic inflammation, hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and type 2 DM, but the exact mechanism is still unknown. In our study, a free fatty acid induced insulin resistant cell model was first established. We found that when pH is higher than 4.5, the lactic acid bacteria and the yeast in kefir could help each other grow up steadily. With longer fermentation time the glucose uptake activity of L6 cell became higher and along with dose response. According to results of ultrafiltration (1 kDa), it indicated that the active compound might be small molecular protein and peptide. The water extract compound from 12 hours and 96 hours fermentation under 37℃ not only activated AMPK signaling molecules, but also PI3K signaling molecules to induce GLUT4 translocation. The water extract compound from 12 hours and 24 hours fermentation of traditional kefir and 24 hours fermentation under 37℃ primary activated PI3K signaling molecules, the signaling molecules pathway is similar with insulin. The water extract compound from 96 hours fermentation of traditional kefir primary activated AMPK signaling molecules. Furthermore, the water crude extracts was fractionated by anion-exchange chromatography. It was found that the fraction 5 of co-culture kefir at 37℃ has high glucose uptake activity, and it both activated AMPK and PI3K signaling molecules to induce GLUT4 translocation.
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Su, Jia-Lung, and 蘇家龍. "Effect of blood glucose on the cervical epithelial pathogenesis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pbn88c.
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碩士中山醫學大學
醫學研究所
106
Normal cervical epithelial cells undergo a series of cell differentiation before they change to cervical cancer. Type 2 diabetes is known to be associated with an increased incidence of cervical cancer and mortality; however, it is unclear whether hyperglycemia is associated with lesions of cervical epithelial cells. This study was a hospital-based retrospective generation study that analyzed 3,937 subjects with Pap smear and biopsy data from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2017. During the study period, all subjects underwent at least two Pap smear tests; abnormality rate in the first smear test was 12.9%, and abnormality rate in the second smear test increased to 16.2%. The proportions in subjects with abnormalities in the first smear examination that were further determined by the biopsy to be cervical intraepithelial neoplasia-1 (CIN1), CIN2, and CIN3 were 41.1%, 11.6%, and 2.9%, respectively. The proportions in subjects with abnormalities in the second smear examination that were further determined by the biopsy to be CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3 increased to 46.7%, 21.8%, and 4.9%, respectively. Moreover, after adjusting for the effects of confounding factors, compared to the subjects with normal fasting blood glucose, those with fasting blood glucose 100-125 mg/dL (odds ratio [OR] = 1.47, 95% confidence interval [C.I.] = 1.00-2.16) and >= 126 mg/dL showed a significantly higher risk in the deterioration of epithelial cell (OR = 1.85, 95% C.I. = 0.99-3.45), respectively. Therefore, blood glucose may be an important factor affecting the development of cervical precancerous lesions.
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Chen, Yan-jing, and 陳妍菁. "Effect of Glucose and Glycerol Metabolism on Recombinant Protein Production." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/az34rn.
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碩士逢甲大學
化學工程學系
102
Protein synthesis in living cells is an energy-dependent process. Accordingly, the level of protein production is closely related to the energy status of cells. In this study, we enhanced glucose and glycerol metabolism in Escherichia coli. The experimental results showed that the engineered strain performed better than its non-modified counterpart in terms of growth and the production yield of recombinant proteins. It clearly indicates that this proposed approach is promising to improve the physiological trait of producer strains for recombinant protein production.
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Liao, Chun-Huei, and 廖純慧. "Study on the glucose intolerance effect of oxidized frying oil." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34475078450854538808.
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碩士中國醫藥大學
營養學系碩士班
95
We had previously found that dietary oxidized frying oil （OFO）could decrease body fat and induce glucose intolerance in the rats and mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of OFO induced glucose intolerance in mice. Experiment 1 was designed for comparing the OFO effect with the conjugated linoleic acid （CLA） induced lipodystrophy diabetes . 51 C57BL/6J mice were divided into five groups. In order to observe the lipodystrophy diabetes induced by CLA, LF and the CLA group were set, to receive a diet containing 4% （g/g） fresh soybean oil （LF）and LF diet plus 1% CLA mixture（c9,t11：t10,c12＝1：1）, respectively. In order to observe the effect of OFO, HF, FO and the HO group were set, to receive a diet containing 20% fresh soybean oil （HF）, 10％ fresh soybean oil plus 10％ OFO （FO）and 20％ OFO （HO）, respectively. The OFO was prepared by frying wheat dough sheets in soybean oil at 205 ± 5 ℃ for 24 hours. After 4 weeks, mice were killed after an overnight fasting. The results showed the CLA diet could reduce the energy efficiency and the white adipose deposition more prominant than the OFO diet. Both diets（CLA and OFO）could result in liver enlargement. The both diets could also reduce the serum levels of triglyceride and free fatty acids, but the CLA diet caused an increase in the serum levels of total lipid and cholesterol. In contrast, the OFO diet caused a reduction in the serum levels of total lipid and the cholesterol. Moreover, the CLA diet resulted in the accumulation of triglyceride and cholesterol in liver seriously. However, the OFO diet resulted in an up-regulation of PPAR alpha target gene-ACO and the liver triglyceride was significantly reduced by OFO diet, which could be attributed to the increase of fatty acid oxidation and suppression of fatty acid synthesis in the liver. For understanding the two diets effect on adipocyte differentiation, lipogenesis and production of adipocytokines, mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma 2（PPARγ2）, lipoprotein lipase（LPL）, fatty acid synthase（FAS）and leptin were measured by real time PCR. Results showed the expression of PPAR gamma 2, LPL, FAS and leptin in adipose tissues were greatly reduced by dietary CLA, indicating a serious suppression on the adipocyte differentiation and lipogenesis. Adipocyte apoptosis were demonstrated by DNA ladder in the CLA diet group. The expression of PPAR gamma 2, LPL and leptin were only slightly reduced by OFO diet , indicating that the OFO diet, unlike the CLA diet, didn’t suppress the adipocyte differentiation and the lipogenesis so prominat as CLA diet and the adipocyte apoptosis was not observed in OFO diet group. About the insulin sensitive, an ITT was conducted at wk2, and the AUCglu showed the CLA group had a significant higher level than the LF group（p＜0.05）, demonstrating the peripheral insulin resistance was happened in CLA group, but the AUCglu in the HO group was significantly lower than that in the HF group（p＜0.05）. In addition, an OGTT was conducted at wk4 and the AUCglu showed the HO group had a significantly higher level than the HF group（p＜0.05）, demonstrating the glucose intolerance was happened in the OFO group, but not the CLA group. The CLA group also showed a significantly higher blood sugar and the insulin levels at feeding status, but HO group had a significantly lower blood insulin level than the HF group. Therefore, the mechanism of OFO diet induced glucose metabolism impairment is different from the CLA diet, which is not insulin resistance, but an impairment in insulin secretion from pancreas is involved. As the hypoinsulinemia was observed in the OFO group, to explore the possibility of destruction of pancreas beta cells and the impairment of insulin secretion, experiment 2 was conducted. 32 C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups, to receive a diet containing 4% （g/g）fresh soybean oil （LF）, 20％ fresh soybean oil （HF） or OFO （HO）, respectively. After 24 weeks, mice were killed at feeding status. The blood sugar, serum insulin and the C-peptide were measured simultaneously during an OGTT. Results showed the HO group had a significantly higher blood sugar, but the serum insulin and C-peptide were significantly lower than the other two groups, demonstrating HO group did cause pancreas beta cell destroy and result in the insulin secretion insufficiency. The analysis of vitamin E in liver and pancreas demonstrating vitamin E deficiency was observed in the HO group. In conclusion, our results showed OFO causes the glucose intolerance in mice, which is different from the CLA caused lipodystrophy diabetes. It is well-know that CLA induced lipodystrophy diabetes had characterstic of peripheral insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia was observed in CLA-fed mice. This study demonstrated that the glucose intolerance induced by the HO diet is not related with the peripheral insulin resistance, but the pancreas destruction and insulin secretion insufficiency is the main reason. The possibility of pancreas peroxidation, the inflammation, or vitamin E deficiency might be involved.