Journal articles on the topic 'Learning-by-exporting effect'
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Lin, Faqin. "Learning by exporting effect in China revisited: An instrumental Approach." China Economic Review 36 (December 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2015.07.004.
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Hovakimyan, G. S., and G. G. Nalbandyan. "THE IMPACT OF THE LEARNING-BY-EXPORTING EFFECTS ON BUSINESS MODELS: LITERATURE REVIEW AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS." Strategic decisions and risk management 10, no. 3 (November 13, 2019): 262–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2618-947x-2019-3-262-273.
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This review makes a significant contribution to the study of the “learning-by-exporting” effect. The article offers a detailed overview of the various views and studies on the subject. The work helps to review the evolution in the field of learning-by-exporting research through bibliometric analysis. Thirdly, this paper focuses on the most cited publications, as well as on the work of the last two or three years. Also, this article discusses the relationship between the learning-by-exporting and the self-selection hypothesis.
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Mun, Hee Jin. "Learning by Exporting and Innovation Performance - The Moderating Effect of Technological Assets -." Journal of Korea Research Association of International Commerce 17, no. 2 (April 30, 2017): 79–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.29331/jkraic.2017.04.17.2.79.
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Greenaway, David, and Richard Kneller. "Industry Differences in the Effect of Export Market Entry: Learning by Exporting?" Review of World Economics 143, no. 3 (October 2007): 416–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-007-0115-y.
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Cisse, Fatou. "Do firms learn by exporting or learn to export? Evidence from Senegalese manufacturing firms." Journal of African Development 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jafrideve.19.1.0133.
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Abstract This paper examines the causal relationship between exporting and productivity in the manufacturing firms in Senegal using a unique firm-level panel data for the period 1998-2011. We control for endogeneity and sample selection by jointly estimating the productivity and the export-participation equations. Our results indicate strong evidence of both self-selection of the most efficient firms enter into the export market and effect of Learning in the export market. Findings show that firms with better financial health are likely to exports. Furthermore, the ownership of intangible assets like brevet and the quality of labour positively affect the probability to export of the manufacturing firms. We investigate the sectoral heterogeneity of the Learning-by exporting effect (LBE) and find evidence of a weak heterogeneity of the learning-by-exporting effect between the sectors. From a policy relevance, the evidence of learning-by-exporting suggests Senegal has much to gain from encouraging exports by helping domestic firms to overcome the barriers to enter into foreign markets by promoting access to intangible assets like brevet. Particularly, export promotion policies could be helpful, reducing the level of financial constraints faced by firms and indirectly enhancing their investment spending and productivity. As a driver of manufacturing exports, labour quality must be carefully considered in the perspectives of industrial development. Considerable efforts are required in the Senegalese educational system in order to match the training to the requirements of the labour market.
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Kumar, Manoj, Jyoti Raman, and Priya Singh. "Self-Selection and Learning by Exporting from Indian Manufacturing Firms." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 6, no. 4 (October 2015): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.2015100103.
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Following a growing literature, the authors test in this work the two hypotheses of self-selection and learning by exporting across different Indian manufacturing firms. Using matched sampling techniques, they estimate whether export-oriented firms are more efficient than non-exporters on the basis of the Indian Surveys of manufacturing firms for the period 2005-2013. The findings indicate that export entrants increase their productivity after entry but this increase is only temporary. In fact, the authors document a time-varying relationship between export participation and economic performance. This occurs for both total-factor productivity (TFP) and productivity growth. These results are consistent with those found in the previous literature for many countries. The only lasting significant effect that we find among the different measures of performances between exporters and non-exporters is that the former generates higher profits than their domestic counterparts.
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Wang, Kui, and Wang Tao. "Exploring the complementarity between product exports and foreign technology imports for innovation in emerging economic firms." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 224–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-10-2017-0683.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to advance and test the idea that product exports and technology imports are complementary cross-border learning approaches for emerging market firms’ innovation performance. In addition, this paper also seeks to search for contextual variables that affect this complementarity. Design/methodology/approach This study takes systems approach to examine complementarity, combining a “productivity” and an “adoption” approach. In addition, interaction approach is also used as robustness check. Findings The authors show that the positive effect of export activity on firms’ growth rate is higher for firms that also engage in technology import, and vice versa. Furthermore, they show that, Ceteris paribus, firms’ adoption of one cross-border learning mechanism (e.g. entering export markets) positively influences the adoption of the other (e.g. technology import). Moreover, this complementarity is only significant for firms from province with low level of marketization. Research limitations/implications This inconsistency about learning-by-exporting and technology import on innovation can be resolved, at least partially, by the complementarities perspective. This paper also reveals two mechanisms of learning-by-exporting: the indirect effect of export on innovation through increasing the likelihood of adoption decision of importing technology and enhancing the positive effect of technology imports. Practical implications The potential of combining the two strategies should not be ignored by managers. To improve regional competitiveness, local governments should try best to improve the efficiency of customs to help firms realize the synergistic effect of learning-by- exporting and learning-by-technology-importing. Originality/value This study first explores the positive complementarity between the two cross-border learning mechanism in sharping EEEs 2019 innovation performance and identifies the condition to realize the synergistic effect of learning-by-exporting and learning-by-technology-importing.
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Varblane, Uku, and Sven-Kristjan Bormann. "Does the pursuit of more complex products contribute to the productivity of exporting firms?" International Journal of Manpower 40, no. 6 (September 2, 2019): 1131–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-03-2018-0092.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the literature on learning by exporting by investigating whether an increase in the complexity of exported products contributes to higher productivity at the firm level. Design/methodology/approach The study implements an empirical analysis for Estonian manufacturing firms involved in exporting for the period 2008–2014, adding product complexity as an explanatory variable in the production function estimation. An increase in product complexity is interpreted as an indirect proxy for an increase in firm capabilities, capturing both tangible and intangible elements of competitiveness and reflecting the learning effects. Findings A relatively weak correlation between product complexity and productivity was found using a simple OLS estimation – exporters with higher product complexity have generally higher productivity levels. Somewhat surprisingly, no evidence for the learning by exporting was found among exporters, meaning that the increased complexity does not seem to be a channel for productivity upgrading. This result seems to be robust, irrespective of estimation methods and sampling preferences. Research limitations/implications The sample is representative of exporting firms. Practical implications The results show that the pursuit to more complex product does not necessarily contribute to productivity for exporting firms. The findings suggest that the firm-level upgrading due to increased export orientation is likely to take place through the other channels like moving up in global value chains and differentiating by product quality. Originality/value This is one of the first papers to investigate the effect of product complexity on productivity at a firm level. The results provide new insights into the learning-by-exporting hypothesis, with focus on potential learning among the existing exporters.
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Tse, Caleb H., Linhui Yu, and Jianjun Zhu. "A Multimediation Model of Learning by Exporting: Analysis of Export-Induced Productivity Gains." Journal of Management 43, no. 7 (February 27, 2015): 2118–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0149206315573998.
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This paper “opens a black box” in examining how and under what conditions do firms achieve productivity gains by exporting, conventionally known as the learning-by-exporting (LBE) effect. We extend the current theoretical paradigm by proposing that exporters utilize strategic decisions pertinent to innovativeness, production capability, and human capital so as to leverage knowledge and resources obtained from exporting in order to achieve productivity gains. We test and validate our hypotheses with panelized data of roughly 250,000 Chinese firms over a 7-year period (2001-2007). We also show that the salience of these mediation mechanisms is contingent upon ownership structure and industry characteristics: Non-state-owned enterprises and firms in industries with medium export intensity or medium and high new product development intensity effectuate more learning through these conduits than their counterparts. The multimediation mechanism LBE model offers useful implications for academia, practitioners, and policy makers.
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Sharma, Chandan. "Do Firms Learn more from Exporting to the Developed Markets? Empirical Evidence of Indian Firms." Global Economy Journal 17, no. 1 (March 2017): 20170005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gej-2017-0005.
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The hypothesis of learning-by-exporting hinges largely based on the argument that the exporters are exposed to knowledge and technology to foreign markets and they learn and become more productive and innovative. However, firms from developing countries not only export to industrialized economies but also to less developed countries. The natural questions arises that what if a firm from developing countries directs its exports to a country at a similar or lower level of technological developed. Would there still be productivity gains to be made? We attempt to test the effects of destination of exports on firms’ productivity and innovation for a sample of the Indian manufacturing firms. Our findings indicate that a positive learning effect is flowing from developed countries to productivity and innovation of the Indian firms. However, in the case of exporting to developing countries including China, we find weak or negative effects. Furthermore, our results also suggest that in-house R&D and foreign technology enhances the absorption capacity of firms, which in turn help firms in learning and gaining through exporting to technologically advanced countries.
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Iandolo, Stefano, and Anna Maria Ferragina. "Does persistence in internationalization and innovation influence firms’ performance?" Journal of Economic Studies 46, no. 7 (November 11, 2019): 1345–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-04-2019-0152.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the joint effect of persistency in innovation and export on firms’ total factor productivity. In particular, the aim is to determine if exporting in international markets along subsequent periods, and being also continuously innovating over the same periods, can be associated with increases in firms’ productivity. The underlying idea is that time recurrence of these strategies is related to the firms’ ability to optimize external knowledge flows enhancing their productivity. Design/methodology/approach By using data on Italian manufacturing firms over the period 1998–2006, the authors distinguish between repeated and temporary exporting firms, as well as repeated and temporary innovators, to test (through two-step system generalized methods of moments) the existence of any combined learning-by-exporting and learning-by-doing effects. Findings This paper provides empirical findings about persistent innovation efforts being better associated with a permanent presence in foreign markets. More in detail, persistently innovative and exporting firms have better productivity results than persistently exporting (innovating) firms with non-persistent innovation (export). Combining both strategies could be an opportunity to internalize knowledge flows coming from long-lasting exposure to foreign markets. These results hold especially for small firms. Originality/value The novelty of this paper is twofold. First, the authors argue that the temporal dimension of firms’ exporting and innovating activities may influence firms’ productivity. Second, while previous studies explored the role of export and innovation on productivity in isolation, the authors consider the joint effect of this relationship and also explore it across the temporal dimension finding evidence that they have a positive, reinforced effects if firms implement these activities continuously and jointly. In this case, the effect of innovation and export on productivity is significantly higher than if firms with intermittent strategies do not have the time to internalize knowledge flows coming from participating in export market.
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Freixanet, Joan, Joaquin Monreal, and Gregorio Sanchez-Marin. "Leveraging New Knowledge: The Learning-By-Exporting Effect on Leading and Lagging Family Firms." Academy of Management Proceedings 2018, no. 1 (August 2018): 14923. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2018.67.
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Wu, Ruohan. "How Does an Industry Thrive More From Exporting? A Theoretical Analysis of the Learning-by-Exporting Effect with Innovation and Asymmetric Demand." Journal of Finance and Economics 2, no. 2 (March 8, 2014): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/jfe-2-2-2.
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Yokota, Kazuhiko, Kyosuke Kurita, and Shujiro Urata. "In Search of the Learning-by-Exporting Effect: Role of Economies of Scale and Technology." China Economic Policy Review 05, no. 01 (June 2016): 1650001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793969016500011.
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Kim, Hyun-Jee, and Bongsuk Sung. "How Knowledge Assets Affect the Learning-by-Exporting Effect: Evidence Using Panel Data for Manufacturing Firms." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 13, 2020): 3105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083105.
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Using panel data from Korean manufacturing firms, this study empirically investigates how knowledge assets impact the relationship between exports and productivity. We consider a scenario in which firms are situated in a globally competitive, knowledge-based environment. We establish a dynamic panel vector autoregressive model by considering the outcomes of various panel framework tests. A generalized method of moments estimator is employed to test the dynamic relationships among the variables, and a post-estimation test, Granger causality test, and impulse response test are performed. Our findings indicate the existence of a learning-by-exporting effect on the enhancement of total factor productivity (TFP). The result show that TFP can be improved by interacting with exports and knowledge assets, and that firms’ knowledge assets significantly and positively affect their exports. However, industry competition, as an external force, does not contribute to boosting firms’ productivity. We highlight the importance of continuously upgrading productivity, exports, knowledge assets, and industry competition by demonstrating that the present levels of these elements serve as the main source of their own future values. Finally, the implications of our results are outlined.
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Yousefi, Kowsar, Seyed Ali Madnanizdeh, and Fateme Zahra Sobhani. "Growth through export: evidence from Iran’s manufacturing plants." Journal of Economic Studies 47, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 111–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-08-2018-0269.
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PurposeDoes the long-term growth rate of a firm increase by exporting? If yes, how large is that increase in a developing economy? The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThe authors incorporate data from the manufacturing plants in Iran as a developing economy for 2003–2011 to address this question. Using fixed effect panel and propensity score matching method, the authors examine whether exportation can affect a firm’s growth rate to test for the learning to grow hypothesis.FindingsThe findings document that: not only the exporters are larger and more productive than non-exporters, but they also grow faster in size and productivity measures as well. Additionally, the authors find that the rise in the growth rate is a short-term phenomenon and it disappears in the second year; meaning that exportation does not have a permanent growth effect. The findings are consistent with a spot effect of learning, compared to a permanent growth engine. Results are robust to different analysis tests.Originality/valueThe authors investigate the learning effect of exporting within recently released firm-level data of a developing country.
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Sousa, Carlos M. P., Ji Yan, Emanuel Gomes, and Jorge Lengler. "Export activity, R&D investment, and foreign ownership: does it matter for productivity?" International Marketing Review 38, no. 3 (March 16, 2021): 613–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-03-2020-0045.
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PurposeThe paper examines the impact of export activity on productivity and how this effect is moderated by R&D investment and foreign ownership.Design/methodology/approachA time-lag effect is taken into account when examining the proposed model. Data are collected from the Annual Industrial Survey of the National Bureau of Statistics of China. A dataset containing 117,340 firms across the sample period (2001–2007) are used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that while R&D investment plays a significant role in strengthening the positive effect of export activity on a firm's productivity, foreign ownership surprisingly has a negative moderating role.Originality/valueScholarly interest in the links between export activity and productivity is on the rise. However, the bulk of research has been focused on understanding the effects of export activity on productivity at the country or industry level. Little has been done at the firm level. Another gap in the literature is that the mechanism through which the impact of export activity can be leveraged to enhance the firm's productivity has been largely ignored. To address these issues, the study adopts the learning-by-exporting theory to examine the relationship between export and productivity at the firm-level and how R&D investment and foreign ownership may explain how learning can be leveraged to enhance the firm's productivity. Finally, these relationships are examined in the context of firms from an emerging market, China, which is especially relevant for the learning-by-exporting argument used in this study.
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Vendrell-Herrero, Ferran, Christian K. Darko, and Pervez Ghauri. "Knowledge management competences, exporting and productivity: uncovering African paradoxes." Journal of Knowledge Management 24, no. 1 (January 25, 2019): 81–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-07-2018-0433.
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PurposeThis study aims to investigate the importance of relational and conditional knowledge by assessing how service and signaling competences affect manufacturing firms’ productivity. These relationships are explored in the context of Africa, where, paradoxically, firms selling abroad must satisfy different market demands than firms that serve only domestic markets.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw on the World Bank Enterprise Survey to perform a cross-sectional analysis of 4,683 manufacturing firms. These surveys cover the period 2009-2017 and 35 different African countries. The authors define service competence development as co-location with knowledge-intensive business service (KIBS) firms, measured through KIBS density at city level. Signaling is measured through outward-looking competences.FindingsThis paper shows that African exporters differ significantly from their non-exporting counterparts in terms of productivity and competences. External service competence generates productivity gains for exporters but has the opposite effect for non-exporters. Results consistent with previous research also show that signaling competences generate productivity gains, but the effect for firms serving domestic markets is stronger than the effect for exporting firms. The authors use paradoxes of learning to interpret these results.Research limitations/implicationsThis study detects nuances of the African context that increase the understanding of knowledge management in emerging markets. The findings would benefit from confirmation in a longitudinal and causal setting.Practical implicationsAfrican exporting firms should establish mechanisms to develop joint knowledge with external partners (know-with) to enhance their competitiveness, whereas African non-exporters should prioritize building knowledge credibility.Originality/valueThe study develops a novel empirical approach to analyzing firm competences in Africa. It also shows that contextualization of existing knowledge management theories matters, opening a research avenue to test further existing theories in emerging economies.
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MONREAL-PÉREZ, JOAQUÍN, ANTONIO ARAGÓN-SÁNCHEZ, and GREGORIO SÁNCHEZ-MARÍN. "DO EXPORT MARKETS SELECT THE MOST INNOVATIVE PRODUCERS? THE MODERATING ROLE OF PRODUCTIVITY." International Journal of Innovation Management 19, no. 02 (April 2015): 1550030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1363919615500309.
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In this paper, we examine a sample of 2000 Spanish industrial firms over the period 2001–2010 to analyse whether the self-selection hypothesis explains the relationship between innovation and the export activity of the company. In addition, we analyse how productivity moderates that relationship. The results indicate that the hypothesis does explain the effect of product and process innovations: Overseas foreign markets select those companies that have previously secured product or process innovations, while investment in research and development (R&D) does not increase the propensity for companies to export. On the other hand, the productivity of the company intensifies this effect. These results are robust in the face of fixed effects, different specifications of export activity and endogeneity, the last of which suggests possible effects of learning by exporting.
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Chung, Henry F. L., Zhujun Ding, and Xufei Ma. "Organisational learning and export performance of emerging market entrepreneurial firms." European Journal of Marketing 53, no. 2 (February 11, 2019): 257–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-08-2017-0496.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to integrate the resource-based view (RBV) with organisational learning theory by investigating the role of the RBV mechanism in the preceding performance-current performance linkage. The authors further examine the role of the decision-making approach on the RBV-prior-current performance paradigm. Using China as the research setting, they empirically test the theoretical model based on 229 firms selected from a nation-wide survey. Design/methodology/approach This study has used China as the research setting. The authors empirically test the theoretical model based on 229 firms selected from a nation-wide survey. Findings This study reveals that prior export performance is a key determinant of current export performance, and this effect is enhanced by product certification (an internal RBV mechanism) and the intention to make an initial public offering (and external RBV mechanism). Moreover, the internal RBV-prior-current performance paradigm is positively moderated by the delegated decision-making approach, while the external RBV-prior-current performance paradigm is negatively moderated by this decision-making approach. Research limitations/implications The results related to RBV and prior organisational learning also extends the extant literature and offer implications in two important ways. One, this research advances existing research that has only considered the direct effect of organisational learning on current performance ( Lages et al., 2008 ). In addition to its direct effect, this study suggests that the interplay of organisational learning and resource commitment also provides important determinants of export performance. These new results imply that future research should not only explore the effect of organisational learning theory but also that of firm resource in the research on the prior-current performance dyad ( Lages et al., 2008 ). Two, this study also advances the theoretical development of the export venture resource and management commitment research by revealing two new factors ( Cavusgil and Zou, 1994 ). As a result, when conducting exporting activity from an emerging economy, exporting firms should consider committing their resources on acquiring international certification and seeking external funding. These new findings provide new guidance on the choice of the type of resource commitments and their roles in the prior-current performance conceptualisation when operating in the emerging markets. Practical implications The results also contribute to the conceptualisation of the decision-making literature in the context of emerging economies ( Garnier, 1982 ; Kao, 1993 ; Redding, 1993 ; Solberg, 2000 ), where an owner decision-making approach is associated with a number of negative effects ( Kao, 1993 ; Redding, 1993 ). This study suggests that an owner decision-making approach can actually help firms to implement the effect of external RBV’s influence in the prior-current performance framework. As a result, the findings imply that researchers and managers of EMEFs should now consider including the effect of decision-making governance when exploring the interactive effect of RBV and organisational learning in export performance research ( Lages et al., 2008 ). Originality/value This three-way interaction results have implications for the development of organisational learning theory, the RBV, decision-making, export performance and emerging market literature.
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Wang, Kui, Jintang Wang, Shiye Mei, and Shasha Xiong. "How Does Technology Import and Export Affect the Innovative Performance of Firms? From the Perspective of Emerging Markets Firms." Complexity 2020 (June 19, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3810574.
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As economic globalization develops greatly in recent years, emerging market firms (EMFs) increasingly grasp the opportunity of cross-border learning to develop and improve their technology capability through learning by exporting (LBE) and learning by technology importing (LBTI). Although LBE and LBTI have been supported by extensive literature, it still is not clear what and how EMFs learn through LBE and LBTI. In this study, we highlight the role of human agency by examining how perceived competitive threat from informal firms determines EMFs relative preference for product innovation and process innovation. Based on a World Bank dataset on Chinese manufacturing firms during 2009–2011, this study finds firms facing high (vs. low) perceived informal competition which may devote relatively more attention to product innovation than to process innovation after entering into export markets, whereas firms facing high perceived informal competition may pay more attention to process innovation in process of learning by technology import. This study is the first to focus on the effect of informal sector firms on cross-border learning.
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Escandon-Barbosa, Diana, Jairo Salas-Paramo, and Josep Rialp-Criado. "Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions as a Moderator of the Relationship between Ambidextrous Learning and Corporate Sustainability in Born Global Firms." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (June 30, 2021): 7344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137344.
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This research analyzes the moderation effects of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions (Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance and Indulgence) in the relationship between Ambidextrous learning and corporate sustainability in born global firms. The data were collected from exporting firms characterized by beginning international operations in the first three years and were thus classified as Born Global. A panel Dynamic Structural Equation Model (DSEM) was used to test the research hypothesis. One of the methodological contributions is the exploration of dynamic social behaviors that are difficult to study, specifically over time. Here, DSEM becomes in a data analysis technique that allows us to analyze this type of phenomena. The research results show that the relationship between Ambidextrous learning (AL) and Corporate Sustainability (CS) is positive in the short- and long-term. The cultural dimension’s Power Distance and Uncertainty Avoidance moderates the relation between (AL) and (CS) and this dimension can predict their inertia. However, while Uncertainty Avoidance has a moderating effect, it does not predict future behaviors. Published literature on the Born Global company. that includes the moderation of Hofstede’s dimensions (Power distance, Avoidance of uncertainty, and Indulgence) from a company perspective that study the relationship between Ambidextrous Learning and Corporate Sustainability is scarce.
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Noerlina, Tirta N. Mursitama, Boto Simatupang, and Agustinus Bandur. "The Importance of Interfirm Networks in Enhancing Innovation Capability and Exporting in High-Tech Industry." HighTech and Innovation Journal 3 (August 20, 2022): 52–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/hij-sp2022-03-05.
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This study investigates how interfirm networks affect firm performance through a multi-mediation model of innovation capability and exports in the context of high-tech industries in Indonesia as one of the emerging economies. As part of domestic and international business networks, the firm can benefit from various forms, such as being a supplier to another firm in the next value chain, learning external knowledge, resource sharing, and, in turn, increasing firm performance. However, there is no guarantee that firms engaging in the interfirm network will increase their performance through innovative capability and internationalization through exporting activities. This study utilizes the large and medium manufacturing industries 2017 dataset from an annual survey conducted by Statistics Indonesia. We created a total sample of 2,578 firms from 7 industries in Indonesia's high-tech industries based on two-digit International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC) manufacturing industries. By employing Structural Equation Model (SEM) – Path Analysis, this study found that the interfirm network positively and significantly affects the firm's performance. Meanwhile, a significant but not unidirectional effect was found in the relationship between interfirm networks and innovation capability, as well as innovation capability on firm performance. Export plays an important role in improving the company's performance, either directly or as a mediator. However, the mediating effect of innovation capabilities and export activities on interfirm networks and firms' performance is much smaller than the direct effect of interfirm networks on firms' performance. Doi: 10.28991/HIJ-SP2022-03-05 Full Text: PDF
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Ogasavara, Mário Henrique, Dirk Michael Boehe, and Luciano Barin Cruz. "Experience, resources and export market performance." International Marketing Review 33, no. 6 (November 14, 2016): 867–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-10-2013-0247.
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Purpose Based on integrating learning, resource-based and social network theories, the purpose of this paper is to shed fresh light on the association between export experience and export performance by seeking to better understand the links between them, and assessing the boundary conditions, moderators, mediators, and non-linear relationships in greater depth. Design/methodology/approach This paper mobilizes a quantitative research design using a survey of Brazil-based exporters. The authors test the hypotheses proposed in this study by employing moderated mediation regression models. Findings The authors find support for a J-shape relationship between export experience and export market performance. In particular, the authors find that innovation and international marketing resources mediate the effect of export experience on export market performance, and the authors unveil that this mediation effect is contingent on the strength of international business network ties. Originality/value This study advances the export marketing literature by explaining how export experience drives export success in two ways: first, by clarifying the ambiguity in extant theoretical explanations and previous empirical findings regarding the shape of the relationship between export experience and export performance. Second, this study reconciles the disagreement as to whether superior export performance results from exporters’ existing resources or from their learning by exporting. Thus, the paper is valuable for scholars and export managers or policymakers alike by providing recommendations on how less experienced firms can overcome the initial period of weak export performance.
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Fernandes, Ana M., and Alberto E. Isgut. "Learning-by-Exporting Effects: Are They for Real?" Emerging Markets Finance and Trade 51, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1540496x.2015.998073.
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Wu, Xiaochen, and Jaeho Lee. "Learning by Exporting - The Effects of Exporting on Firm Innovation in Korean Manufacturing Industries." INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS REVIEW 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.21739/ibr.2014.12.18.4.151.
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Trachuk, Arkady, and Natalia Linder. "Learning-by-exporting effects on innovative performance: empiric study results." Knowledge Management Research & Practice 16, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2018.1439675.
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Maggioni, Daniela. "Learning by Exporting in Turkey: An Investigation for Existence and Channels." Global Economy Journal 12, no. 2 (April 25, 2012): 1850262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1524-5861.1865.
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Using a rich longitudinal database at the plant level, I shed new light on the causal nexus between exports and productivity for Turkey, a middle-income country. I find evidence for both self-selection into exporting and learning-by-exporting. My main focus is on post-entry effects. To test this hypothesis I follow recent empirical literature and I apply the Propensity Score Matching and a Difference-in-Difference estimator. I find a higher labour productivity and TFP growth for exporting firms in the entry year and some years following the entry. Exports seem to place firms on a superior productivity path. My main contribution is to show the strict linkage between export and import activity: export starters often start also importing. Learning by exporting effects hold when I control for the role of imports and I verify larger productivity gains for firms which start exporting and importing at the same time. Finally, in order to verify if post-entry effects are not only scale effects but work through competition channel and/or technology transfers, I look for a heterogeneity according to the sectoral productivity gap between the domestic market and foreign trade partners. I verify a different timing of efficiency improvements between comparative advantage and disadvantage sectors.
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Pidani, Rita R., and Amir Mahmood. "Does International Competition Enhance Capacity Utilisation? Evidence from Indonesia, Philippine and Vietnam." Asian Journal of Empirical Research 6, no. 5 (September 5, 2016): 117–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18488/journal.1007/2016.6.5/1007.5.117.130.
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This paper uses firm-level data of small and medium manufacturing firm in Indonesia, Philippine and Vietnam and studies the relationship between capacity utilisation and foreign market competition for the possibility of efficient firms self-selecting themselves instead of learning-by-exporting to enter the foreign markets. Estimating both linear and quadratic model on an unbalanced variance of exporting and non-exporting firms shows that the impact of foreign market competition on capacity utilisation is following a curvilinear relationship with a diminishing marginal point of as a constraint for further expansion. Capacity utilisation rate higher in non-exporting group is not only emphasizing a strong domestic market orientation of firms at large but also indicating the selection of learning-by-exporting entry mode by exporter SMEs in these countries. The paper further explores the impact of firm and industry physiognomies on a firm’s capacity utilisation and finds that the effects of wage productivity, competition, firm size, and legal structure are linearly positive and capacity dependent. The results throughout maintain the importance of capacities, competitiveness, and institutional performance as priorities to promote SMEs growth.
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Damijan, Jože P., and Črt Kostevc. "Learning-by-Exporting: Continuous Productivity Improvements or Capacity Utilization Effects? Evidence from Slovenian Firms." Review of World Economics 142, no. 3 (October 2006): 599–614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10290-006-0083-7.
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Ferrante, Maria R., and Marzia Freo. "Detecting learning‐by‐exporting effects on firms' productivity distribution by accounting for heterogeneous macrofactors and panel attrition." World Economy 42, no. 9 (May 26, 2019): 2745–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/twec.12807.
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Peluffo, Adriana. "Trade and Technology Progress: An Analysis for Uruguay." Revista de Economía y Estadística 46, no. 2 (December 1, 2008): 105–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.55444/2451.7321.2008.v46.n2.3854.
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We examine technology spillovers to Uruguayan manufacturing firms through imports, foreign direct investment (FDI) and learning by exporting, for the period 1997-2001. This work provides evidence of the dynamic gains from trade openness for a small developing country, analysing simultaneously the various possible channels of international technology diffusion at the firm level. We find evidence of positive effects on production of imported intermediates and backward linkages with foreign firms. On the other hand there is evidence of negative effects of multinational presence at the industry level, while results for exporting are mixed. Finally, the results would indicate that absorptive capacity matters to take advantage of increased openness and FDI, so policies aimed to improve absorptive capacity such as investing in R&D and improving the skills of workers through training are likely to play a role in facilitating knowledge spillovers.
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Li, Wu Wei. "Do International Technological Spillovers Facilitate Regional Innovation Performance in China? Evidence from the Provincial Panel Data." Advanced Materials Research 108-111 (May 2010): 1308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.108-111.1308.
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Based on the provincial panel data put forward by National Bureau of Statistics of China, over the period 2000-2006, this paper empirically investigates the impacts of different channels for international technological spillovers on regional innovation performance, using regional innovation performance as dependent variable, and the channels for international technological spillovers as independent variables. The empirical results in this paper indicate that learning-by-exporting and learning-by-importing have positive effects on regional innovation performance in China, and that foreign R&D activities by multinational enterprises in China have positive and statistically significant effects on regional innovation performance. In addition, absorptive capability is an important driving factor for increasing the regional innovation performance in China. Research results indicate that both international technological spillover sources and indigenous efforts, including domestic R&D intensity and absorptive capacity jointly determine the regional innovation performance in China.
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Pino Soto, César Gustavo. "Innovation and internationalization on the competitiveness of exporting firms." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 31, no. 4 (November 5, 2018): 651–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-12-2016-0336.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to build a new theoretical model from the interaction between two theoretical approaches. This model can explain the development of organizational innovations from a specific type of knowledge that the firm generate when they face internationalization process. Also, the model shows the effects of the innovations on the performance and competitiveness of the firm. Design/methodology/approach Based on the literature review, this study connects empirical evidence in two aspects. First, the development of institutional knowledge from experiential learning of the firm in foreign markets. Second, the influence of organizational innovations on the market performance in exporting firms from South American emerging economies. Findings The main finding of this study is that the connection between two theoretical perspectives, internationalization process and innovation, it is possible by the international entrepreneurship (IE) field, because IE establishes that the opportunities are in international borders and the firms exploit these opportunities when they build new experiential knowledge associated with institutional conditions in foreign markets. And then, the firms are able to create product innovations and services innovations from this knowledge. Originality/value This study shows the theoretical base for explaining that in South American emerging economies the exporting firms can build their competitive advantages based on innovations that arise when they do business in foreign markets.
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Amadi, Azubuike H., Orisa F. Ebube, Silas I. Aire, and Chigoziri B. Marcus. "Effects of Covid-19 on Crude Oil Price and Future Forecast Using a Model Application and Machine Learning." European Journal of Engineering Research and Science 5, no. 12 (December 4, 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2020.5.12.2232.
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Oil Price has been a benchmark governing the trade of oil and gas globally. It is fixed by producing countries or countries in a consortium through organizations such as Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or a particular mix of crude oil such as the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) or Brent. The spot price and future prices of crude oil is basically determined by demand and supply, however, some external factors can have great influence on oil price. This research work will be emphasizing on the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as an external factor other than demand and supply on the benchmarks of oil pricing between 2000 and 2020. Having analyzed the various oil price fluctuation which have been caused by several factors over the years, this research went further to identify those significant factors, weigh them and input them into a model that will generate simulated oil prices of past, present and future benchmarks with relation to demand, supply, production cost and other external factors. This model was also validated using machine learning algorithms and real data of previous yearly average oil price noting the reasons for each spot price. Significant recommendations were made on the use of this model for fixing oil price benchmarks as variables to each benchmark are numerous.
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Amadi, Azubuike H., Orisa F. Ebube, Silas I. Aire, and Chigoziri B. Marcus. "Effects of Covid-19 on Crude Oil Price and Future Forecast Using a Model Application and Machine Learning." European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 5, no. 12 (December 4, 2020): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejeng.2020.5.12.2232.
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Oil Price has been a benchmark governing the trade of oil and gas globally. It is fixed by producing countries or countries in a consortium through organizations such as Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) or a particular mix of crude oil such as the West Texas Intermediate (WTI) or Brent. The spot price and future prices of crude oil is basically determined by demand and supply, however, some external factors can have great influence on oil price. This research work will be emphasizing on the direct and indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic as an external factor other than demand and supply on the benchmarks of oil pricing between 2000 and 2020. Having analyzed the various oil price fluctuation which have been caused by several factors over the years, this research went further to identify those significant factors, weigh them and input them into a model that will generate simulated oil prices of past, present and future benchmarks with relation to demand, supply, production cost and other external factors. This model was also validated using machine learning algorithms and real data of previous yearly average oil price noting the reasons for each spot price. Significant recommendations were made on the use of this model for fixing oil price benchmarks as variables to each benchmark are numerous.
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Ke, Yi, Marios Kafouros, and Haifeng Yan. "Firm exporting and investment in exploratory and exploitative R&D." Journal of Knowledge Management ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-12-2019-0743.
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Purpose This study aims to investigate how firms’ internationalization activities through exporting influence their organizational learning. Specifically, this study examines how the level of exporting and geographic market scope impact a firm’s exploratory and exploitative R&D investment differently. Design/methodology/approach Using a sample of 7,055 firms in Spain during the period 2006–2011, the study uses regression analysis (generalized least squares random effects) to test various hypotheses. Findings Although exporting improves organizational learning, learning opportunities vary for different aspects of exporting. Specifically, the level of a firm’s exporting has a significant positive effect on its exploitative R&D investment, whereas geographic market scope of a firm increases its exploratory R&D investment. Practical implications The findings can aid in shaping policies and firms’ decisions pertaining to exporting and exploratory and exploitative R&D investment. As the findings indicate that, the determinants of exploratory and exploitative R&D investment are different, managers and policymakers, who aim at a specific type of R&D investment, should understand which exporting strategy they should pursue. Originality/value Prior research suggests that exporting improves organizational learning. This study extends this knowledge by showing that different aspects of exporting, specifically, the level of exporting and geographic market scope, drive different types of organizational learning.
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Hahn, Chin Hee. "Learning-by-Exporting, Introduction of New Products, and Product Rationalization: Evidence from Korean Manufacturing." B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis & Policy 12, no. 1 (May 31, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/1935-1682.2705.
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Abstract Utilizing a previously unexplored plant-product matched dataset in the Korean manufacturing sector, this paper examines the impact of exporting on firms’ productivity and the mechanism by which it operates. We find strong evidence for the learning-by-exporting hypothesis. We also find that exporting induces plants to introduce new products and rationalize their products beginning from one year prior to, and until two years after, export market entry. The synchronous responses of product churning and TFP suggest that new-product introduction and product rationalization are indeed one mechanism of the learning-by-exporting effect. Finally, we find that plants increase, rather than decrease, their product scope after exporting, in contrast with the prediction from the recent theories of multi-product firms.
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Kneller, Richard, and David Greenaway. "Industry Differences in the Effect of Export Market Entry: Learning by Exporting?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.764404.
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Zhang, Song, Haoze Li, and Chunlai Chen. "Outward FDI and productivity promotion of exporting firms: firm-level evidence from China." International Journal of Emerging Markets ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (February 19, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-07-2020-0795.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to estimate the impact of China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) conducted by exporting firms on their productivity.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses two Chinese firm-level datasets. To reduce the bias when merging the two datasets, this study uses a comprehensive link approach to obtain more observations. The propensity score matching method is employed together with the difference-in-difference and difference-in-difference-in-difference approaches to identify the casual effects.FindingsThe study finds that exporting firms become more productive through learning effect via OFDI, and the positive impact of OFDI on total factor productivity materializes very quickly but subject to diminishing return. The study also finds that state-owned enterprises gain less learning effect via OFDI than private-owned enterprises, and firms with higher export intensity or larger size tend to gain less improvement in productivity via OFDI.Originality/valueThis is one of the first studies to investigate empirically the impact of OFDI conducted by exporting firms on their productivity. In particular, the study analyzes three types of firm heterogeneous factors, namely, ownership, export intensity and size, in affecting exporting firms' learning effect via OFDI.
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Freixanet, Joan, Joaquin Monreal, and Gregorio Sánchez-Marín. "Family firms’ selective learning-by-exporting: product vs process innovation and the role of technological capabilities." Multinational Business Review ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (November 12, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-01-2020-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine how family governance and technological capabilities influence the conversion of new knowledge obtained from exports into various innovation outputs, a phenomenon called “learning-by-exporting (LBE).” Design/methodology/approach To properly examine the causal links proposed in the study, first, the control for endogeneity. Second, a propensity-score matching longitudinal analysis is conducted, a particularly robust empirical method that enhances reliability in non-experimental data, over an average sample of 663 manufacturing companies for the period 2007 to 2014. Findings Family firms’ innovation strategies and abilities render them more likely to convert the new knowledge from exporting into product innovation and more efficient in this endeavor than non-family firms. This diverts family firms’ typically limited resources from process innovation, and they have a smaller LBE effect than non-family firms in terms of process innovation. Originality/value The study contributes to the internationalization literature by producing a more nuanced view of the learning-by-exporting effect which considers the type of innovation outcomes developed following export activity. It also helps to identify some of the firm-specific factors that shape the relationship between exports and innovation, by empirically examining for the first time the role of family governance in innovation capabilities and decisions.
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Chung, Henry F. L., and Mia Hsiao-Wen Ho. "International competitive strategies, organizational learning and export performance: a match and mis-match conceptualization." European Journal of Marketing ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (July 9, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ejm-04-2019-0309.
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Purpose This study aims to examine the effects of international competitive strategies, i.e. cost leadership and differentiation, on export (market share and strategic) performance. This study further explores the roles of exploitative and exploratory organizational learning in the relationships between international competitive strategies and export performances. To fill research gaps, this study intends to provide guidance on how varied exploitative/exploratory organizational learning and cost leadership/differentiation strategy combinations would affect export performance. The outcomes of this study provide a new match and mis-match conceptualization to extant international competitive strategy and organizational learning literature. Design/methodology/approach This study selected New Zealand (NZ) exporting as the research setting because exporting plays such a vital role in NZ’s economy and NZ exporting firms have long been highly competitive in international markets (e.g. meat and dairy exporters), with the primary data collected through surveys conducted in 2010 and 2013. This study adopted a three-year lagged performance approach. Findings Cost leadership strategy has a positive effect on market share performance. This effect is enhanced by exploitative learning but dampened by exploratory learning. Cost leadership also has a positive effect on strategic performance, which is not affected by exploitative and exploratory learning. Differentiation strategy bears no relation to market share and strategic performance, even allowing for exploitative and exploratory learning. Collectively, the contingent role of organizational learning in the international competitive strategies and export performance framework is far more comprehensive than was expected. Research limitations/implications This study reveals that a match between cost leadership strategy and exploitative learning may result in a superior market share. The configuration of differentiation strategy and exploitative learning and the integration of cost leadership strategy and exploratory learning are suggested as mis-matches, as these combinations would not lead to any significant and positive market share and strategic performance. Unexpectedly, the co-alliance of differentiation strategy and explorative learning is not suggested as a match, as it does not result in a superior market share and strategic performance. This latter outcome suggests that the differentiation strategy-export performance link may be stimulated by other moderating factors (e.g. business managerial ties). Practical implications While choosing an appropriate international competitive strategy, managers may use cost leadership over differentiation strategy to achieve successful export performance in both the market share and strategic perspectives. Export managers focusing on cost leadership strategy may further implement exploitative learning instead of explorative learning, when market share is vital. Meanwhile, they may note that explorative learning may not have a moderating effect on enhancing strategic performance through cost leadership. These points signify that exploitation of existing knowledge may be more effective than exploration of new knowledge for market share expansion when cost leadership strategy is devoted to exporting activities. Differentiation strategy, however, does not influence market share and strategic performance in exporting, even with an alignment of exploitative/exploratory learning. Managers are urged to pay attention to the mis-match of differentiation strategy and organizational learning when market share and strategic performance are the priorities in export performance evaluation. Originality/value This study contributes to the organizational learning literature by providing a new match and mis-match conceptualization relating to international competitive strategy and export performance. The new framework provides directions on when firms should use organizational learning to enhance their competitive strategies (a match scenario) and when they should not use it (a mis-match scenario). This study broadens the existing research that has mainly focused on alignment combinations such as organizational learning-internationalization strategy and organizational learning-social network.
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Salehi, Nader, and Sahar Jamshidi. "). Effect of export learning capability and management experience on export performance." Pressacademia, September 30, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17261/pressacademia.2022.1624.
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Purpose- All firms strive for a competitive advantage in their domestic and international markets, and they are constantly looking for new methods to differentiate themselves from competitors. Exports can be viewed as a strategic activity at the firm, industry, and national levels. However, some tactics are required to be successful in exporting. The goal of this study was to see how export learning capability and management experience affected export performance in Iranian handmade carpet enterprises, with the chaotic environment acting as a moderator and internal export barriers acting as a mediating factor. Methodology-This study's statistical population includes 129 managers from Iranian handmade carpet export enterprises. The questionnaire was distributed to all managers, and 124 questionnaires were distributed. During the pre-test, the questionnaire's validity and reliability were assessed. Findings- Data analysis by using PLS software and research findings demonstrate that export learning capability and management experience have an impact on export performance, with the turbulent environment moderating and internal export barriers mediating. Conclusion- Exporting is a critical initial step for firms to develop and invest in in order to reach global markets and extend their international activities. Keywords: Export performance, export learning capability, management experience, internal export barriers, export environmental turbulence JEL Codes: E30, F20, M10
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SÖNMEZ ÇAKIR, Fatma, Songül YESİLOT ZEHİR, and Zafer ADIGÜZEL. "EXAMINATION THE EFFECTS OF LOGISTICS CAPABILITIES AND LEARNING ORIENTATION ON FINANCIAL AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND EXPORT PERFORMANCE IN EXPORT-ORIENTED COMPANIES." International Journal of Management Economics and Business, October 25, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.1147192.
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The research was conducted to examine the effect of logistics skills and learning orientation on performance outcomes in exporting foreign trade companies operating in Istanbul. The reason for choosing these companies is that logistics capabilities become more important in exporting companies in terms of logistics performance and financial and growth performance. A sample of 983 participants was taken to establish and test the model, and a scale consisting of a total of 43 statements was presented to them. Analyzes were performed using SmartPLS 3.3.5. For a good organizational performance, export-oriented companies should attach importance to learning orientation and have logistics capabilities in order to constantly improve themselves. In the research, it is supported by hypotheses that the logistics capabilities and learning orientation of export-oriented companies positively affect both their logistics performance and their financial and growth performances. The research is innovative in that it collects data from export-oriented companies and examines both their logistics capabilities and learning orientations. The sample group consists of export-oriented companies operating in Istanbul. For this reason, it would be correct to evaluate the results obtained in the research only in terms of export-oriented companies and not to generalize.
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Wójcik, Piotr, and Mariola Ciszewska-Mlinarič. "The impact of cognitive and behavioral factors on the export performance: a dynamic capabilities perspective." European Business Review ahead-of-print, ahead-of-print (August 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebr-03-2019-0031.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore how individual-level cognitive and organizational-level behavioral factors influence the level of firms’ export performance as firms adapt to the challenges of foreign expansion. Design/methodology/approach Based on the literature on dynamic capabilities (DCs) and international business, the study introduces a multi-level model of DC to internationalize and test it empirically on a sample of 93 Polish exporting firms using structural equation modeling. Findings The results show a strong and positive impact of the “strategy as stretch” managerial mind-set on two behavioral elements, namely, business modeling and partnering capability. Global mind-set has a strong and positive impact on business modeling and learning about foreign markets and a negative but insignificant effect on partnering capability. Only two of the three behavioral elements of the conceptualized DC have significant and positive impacts on export performance. In contrast to the expectations, the direct path coefficient from learning about foreign markets to export performance was found to be positive but insignificant. Originality/value This study contributes to the literature by offering a coherent, multi-level framework of DCs. The study goes beyond previous conceptualizations of DCs and considers various individual-level cognitive and organizational-level behavioral elements of DC for the internationalization of exporting firms. In particular, this study shows the interplay between them and their combined impact on export performance.
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Fernandes, Ana M., and Alberto Isgut. "Learning-by-Exporting Effects: Are They for Real?" SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.982231.
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Boermans, Martijn Adriaan. "Learning-by-Exporting and Destination Effects: Evidence from African SMEs." SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1612770.
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Vendrell-Herrero, Ferran, Christian K. Darko, Emanuel Gomes, and David W. Lehman. "Home-market economic development as a moderator of the self-selection and learning-by-exporting effects." Journal of International Business Studies, January 8, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/s41267-021-00481-8.
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Hoque, Mohammad Tayeenul, Mohammad Faisal Ahammad, Nikolaos Tzokas, Shlomo Tarba, and Prithwiraj Nath. "Eyes open and hands on: market knowledge and marketing capabilities in export markets." International Marketing Review, January 11, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2021-0003.
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Purpose Drawing on the knowledge-based view of the firm (KBV) and Dynamic Marketing Capabilities (DMC), this paper examines the role of key internationalization knowledge absorption processes as learning strategies, namely market exploitation and market exploration in enabling internationalization knowledge absorption in export-oriented firms involved in manufacturing goods or producing electrical/engineering products. Design/methodology/approach The data were gathered via a cross-sectional survey using a questionnaire (i.e. n = 315) on a sample of Bangladeshi manufacturing firms exporting in US and European markets. Findings The findings suggest that an export firm's internationalization absorption strategies are positively associated with export performance. The authors also found that the mediator, DMC, strengthened the relationship between knowledge absorption and export performance. Moreover, the findings of moderated mediation model revealed that the direct and indirect effects of market exploitation on export performance are more prevalent when competitive intensity is low. While competitive intensity is high, the direct and indirect effects of market exploration on export performance are more prevalent. Practical implications By introducing a higher-level dynamic marketing capability approach and linking it to ambidexterity constructs (learning though exploration and exploitation), export business professionals should appreciate the full spectrum of mid-level marketing capabilities they need to develop alongside their exploration and exploitation strategies to improve their export performance. This study directs attention to the competitive intensity conditions the exporting firm is facing. When export business professionals are faced with high-level of competitive intensity in the market, they should establish a clear focus on their exploration learning strategies if they wish to enhance their export performance. Originality/value The authors contribute to two broad domains of literature: organizational learning and DMC strategy. The study results show that how the two components of international ambidexterity as organizational learning constructs (i.e. market exploration and exploitation) influence knowledge management processes within firms through a firm's possession of a fine configuration of higher-level marketing capability. This study also theoretically and empirically examines how higher-level DMC strategy can mediate the consequence of international knowledge absorption mechanism on firm export performance. From a practical perspective, this study provides useful lessons for exporting firms wishing to enhance their performance.
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Costantini, Valeria, Valerio Leone Sciabolazza, and Elena Paglialunga. "Network-driven positive externalities in clean energy technology production: the case of energy efficiency in the EU residential sector." Journal of Technology Transfer, February 28, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10961-022-09928-y.
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AbstractIn this paper, we propose a model of national innovation production that formalizes the role of trade partnerships as a channel of knowledge spillovers across countries. The model is used to investigate the energy efficiency technological domain in the European Union (EU) using a panel database covering 19 EU countries for the time span 1990–2015. The model is estimated by using a novel empirical strategy which allows to assess the knowledge spillover effects benefiting a country depending on its relative position in the trade network, and correct for common endogeneity concerns. We show that being central in the trade network is a significant determinant of a country’s innovative performance, and that learning-by-exporting mechanisms are responsible for increased innovation performances. We further reveal that neglecting network effects may significantly reduce our understanding of domestic innovation patterns. Finally, we find that the benefits obtained from knowledge diffusion varies with the domestic absorptive capacity and policy mix composition. Our main implication is that policy design informed by network-based case studies could help maximizing the exploitation of positive knowledge spillovers.