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Relevant bibliographies by topics / LEAKY WAVEGUIDE

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Academic literature on the topic 'LEAKY WAVEGUIDE'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 September 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "LEAKY WAVEGUIDE"

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Kanaya, Yusho, Masashi Nakatsugawa, Tamami Maruyama, Manabu Omiya, and Yasuhiro Tamayama. "FDTD Analysis on WPT Efficiency Between Circuit-Shape Leaky Waveguide and 𝝀/2 Dipole Antenna for Snow Melting Application." ELEKTRIKA- Journal of Electrical Engineering 21, no. 2 (August 25, 2022): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/elektrika.v21n2.409.

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The wireless transfer characteristics between a circuit-shape leaky waveguide and a /2 dipole antenna were analyzed with scattering parameters obtained with the FDTD method. The circuit-shaped leaky waveguide was composed of two pairs of straight slotted waveguides and two semicircular waveguides. The circuit-shape leaky waveguide was designed to achieve uniform electromagnetic field distribution with a source for snow melting with microwave radiations by microwave heating. The electromagnetic field of the circuit-shape leaky waveguide was firstly simulated with the FDTD method. Although the electromagnetic distribution exhibited the point symmetry with an off-set feeding point and a slot spacing 𝝀𝒈, it was nearly uniform. The wireless transfer efficiency and the maximum transfer efficiency for four locations at 2.45 GHz revealed that the farthest location from the feeding point had the largest WPT efficiency among four locations. This ensures the circuit-shape leaky waveguide’s uniqueness. The circuit-shape leaky waveguide has favorable characteristics to provide WPT energy at any location above it.

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Divakov, Dmitriy V., Alexandre A. Egorov, Konstantin P. Lovetskiy, Leonid A. Sevastianov, and Andrey S. Drevitskiy. "Leaky waves in planar dielectric waveguide." Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science 27, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2658-4670-2019-27-4-325-342.

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A new analytical and numerical solution of the electrodynamic waveguide problem for leaky modes of a planar dielectric symmetric waveguide is proposed. The conditions of leaky modes, corresponding to the Gamow-Siegert model, were used as asymptotic boundary conditions. The resulting initial-boundary problem allows the separation of variables. The emerging problem of the eigen-modes of open three-layer waveguides is formulated as the Sturm-Liouville problem with the corresponding boundary and asymptotic conditions. In the case of guided and radiation modes, the Sturm-Liouville problem is self-adjoint and the corresponding eigenvalues are real quantities for dielectric media. The search for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions corresponding to the leaky modes involves a number of difficulties: the problem for leaky modes is not self-adjoint, so the eigenvalues are complex quantities. The problem of finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is associated with finding the complex roots of the nonlinear dispersion equation. To solve this problem, we used the method of minimizing the zero order. An analysis of the calculated distributions of the electric field strength of the first three leaky modes is given, showing the possibilities and advantages of our approach to the study of leaky modes.

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Smalley, Daniel E., Sundeep Jolly, Gregg E. Favalora, and Michael G. Moebius. "Status of Leaky Mode Holography." Photonics 8, no. 8 (July 21, 2021): 292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8080292.

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It will soon be a decade since leaky mode waveguide devices were presented as a solution for holographic video displays. This paper seeks to provide a brief, topical review of advances made during that time. Specifically, we review the new methods and architectures that have been developed over this period. This work draws primarily from papers seeking to present dynamic holographic patterns using mode coupling from indiffused waveguides on lithium niobate. The primary participants during this time period have been groups from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Brigham Young University, and Draper. We also describe the challenges that remain. The body of work reviewed speaks to the need for further development, but it also reaffirms that leaky mode waveguides continue to hold a unique place within spatial light modulation for holographic video displays.

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Ayryan, Edik, Dmitry Divakov, Alexandre Egorov, Konstantin Lovetskiy, and Leonid Sevastianov. "Modelling Leaky Waves in Planar Dielectric Waveguides." EPJ Web of Conferences 226 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022602003.

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Experimentally observed leaky modes of a dielectric waveguide are characterised by a weak tunnelling of the light through the waveguide and its long-time propagation along the waveguide. Traditional mathematical models of leaky waveguide modes meet some contradictions resolved using additional considerations. We propose a model of leaky modes in a waveguide free from the above contradictions, akin to the quantum mechanical model of the “pseudo-stable” Gamow-Siegert states. By separating variables, from the complete problem for plane inhomogeneous waves we obtain a non-self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville problem to determine the complex coefficient of the phase delay of the studied mode. The solution of the complete wave problem determines the propagation cone for the leaky mode of the waveguide, inside which there are no contradictions. Thus, solution is in qualitative agreement with experimental data.

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Mann, M., U. Trutschel, F. Lederer, L. Leine, and C. Wächter. "Nonlinear leaky waveguide modulator." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 8, no. 8 (August 1, 1991): 1612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.8.001612.

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Vaupel, Thomas, and Claudius Löcker. "Design of leaky-wave antennas with transverse slots for end-fire radiation with optimized radiation efficiency." Advances in Radio Science 17 (September 19, 2019): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ars-17-71-2019.

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Abstract. A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) with transverse slots on the top plane can be used to design an effective leaky-wave antenna with good frequency beam-scanning and platform integration capability. For a main beam near end-fire, the phase constant of the radiating wave must be near to the free space wavenumber or slightly larger. In this context, the modified Hansen-Woodyard condition gives an optimum phase constant to maximize the directivity at end-fire. For the analysis of the wave propagation we have implemented a modal analysis for rectangular waveguides with transverse slots. Near end-fire, three types of modal solutions exists, a leaky improper mode, a surface wave mode and a proper waveguide mode. The leaky mode can reach phase constants larger than the free space wavenumber to fulfill the Hansen-Woodyard condition, but loses strongly its physical significance in this slow wave region, thus the excitation of the leaky-wave becomes negligible there, whereas the proper waveguide mode is dominant but exhibits only a negligible radiation loss leading to a strong drop of the antenna efficiency. Therefore, the optimum efficiency of 86 % for maximizing the gain as proposed in the literature cannot be reached with this kind of leaky wave antenna. But it will be shown in this contribution by analyzing antenna structures with finite aperture lengths, that the efficiency can reach nearly 100 % if the phase constant of the leaky-wave meets exactly the free space wavenumber (ordinary end-fire condition) and the aperture length is adjusted with regard to the attenuation constant of the leaky-wave from the modal analysis. For a given aperture length, a procedure is outlined to adjust the attenuation constant in several steps at the desired ordinary end-fire frequency to reach maximum gain and efficiency.

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Malakhov, Vasiliy A., Irina V. Malakhova, Artyom S. Nechaev, Artyom A. Nikitin, and Yulia V. Raevskaya. "Experimental studies of the E01 leaky wave characteristics in a round dielectric rod." ITM Web of Conferences 30 (2019): 11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20193011003.

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Excitation experiment technique of the E01 leaky wave in a round open dielectric waveguide is given. Experimental research results of the E01 leaky wave characteristics of a round open dielectric waveguide are presented.

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Divakov, Dmitriy, Anastasiia Tiutiunnik, and Anton Sevastianov. "Symbolic-Numeric Computation of the Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of the Leaky Modes in a Regular Homogeneous Open Waveguide." MATEC Web of Conferences 186 (2018): 01009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818601009.

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In this paper the algorithm of finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the leaky modes in a three-layer planar dielectric waveguide is considered. The problem on the eigenmodes of open three-layer waveguides is formulated as the Sturm-Liouville problem with the corresponding boundary and asymptotic conditions. In the case of guided and radiation modes of open waveguides, the Sturm-Liouville problem is formulated for self-adjoint second-order operators on the axis and the corresponding eigenvalues are real quantities for dielectric media. The search for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions corresponding to the leaky modes involves a number of difficulties: the boundary conditions for the leaky modes are not self-adjoint, so that the eigenvalues can turn out to be complex quantities. The problem of finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions will be associated with finding the complex roots of the nonlinear dispersion equation. In the present paper, an original scheme based on the method of finding the minimum of a function of several variables is used to find the eigenvalues. The paper describes the algorithm for searching for eigenvalues, the algorithm uses both symbolic transformations and numerical calculations. On the basis of the developed algorithm, the dispersion relation for the weakly flowing mode of a three-layer open waveguide was calculated in the Maple computer algebra system.

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He, Guang S., Chan F. Zhao, Chi-Kyun Park, Paras N. Prasad, and Ryszard Burzynski. "Dye film leaky waveguide laser." Optics Communications 111, no. 1-2 (September 1994): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(94)90143-0.

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Vukomanovic, Mladen, Jose-Luis Vazquez-Roy, Oscar Quevedo-Teruel, Eva Rajo-Iglesias, and Zvonimir Sipus. "Gap Waveguide Leaky-Wave Antenna." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 64, no. 5 (May 2016): 2055–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2016.2539376.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LEAKY WAVEGUIDE"

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Hou, Xiaobo Rosen Warren A. Daryoush Afshin S. "A leaky waveguide all-optical analog-to-digital converter /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2004. http://dspace.library.drexel.edu/handle/1860/437.

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Pasik, Michael Francis. "An asymptotic analysis of a leaky parallel-plate waveguide." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186163.

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An asymptotic analysis of a leaky parallel-plate waveguide is presented. The walls of the waveguide consist of bonded wire meshes which are modeled using a sheet impedance boundary condition. The fields are excited by magnetic line sources exterior to the waveguide. The wire meshes allow for coupling between the interior of the waveguide and the exterior region. In addition, each mesh can support a surface wave. We employ Fourier transform techniques to derive an integral representation for the magnetic field. We present various interpretations of the integral representation and evaluate the integral asymptotically using the method of steepest descents. The case of a pole near the saddle point is considered in detail. The integral is also evaluated numerically to determine the accuracy of the asymptotic results. The contributions to the radiation pattern of the structure from the surface-wave and leaky-wave poles, as well as the saddle point, are considered individually. The parameters of the structure are adjusted to exploit the contributions from the poles in the near far zone. The transient response of the structure to a double exponential pulse is also investigated. An alternative representation which is computationally efficient for computing the transient response in early time is derived. The use of the alternative representation for dense distributions of leaky-wave poles is also considered.

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Smith, Nathan James. "Convergent beam waveguide studies of liquid crystals." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366612.

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Jahagirdar, Dhananjay R. "Non-leaky conductor-backed coplanar waveguide-fed microstrip patch antennas." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241874.

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Gneiting, Scott Alexander. "Improved Leaky-Mode Waveguide Spatial Light Modulators for Three Dimensional Displays." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6561.

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This thesis improves on the design of the leaky-mode spatial light modulator, LMW-SLM, presented by Dr. Smalley[1]. Improvements include: input coupling gratings, a pulsed laser input, output coupling gratings, and a 3D printed adjustable module for the stabilization of critical alignments. First, input coupling gratings reduce the cost of the LMW-SLM from $500 to around $2, a drop in cost of over two orders of magnitude. This enables multiple modulators to be used in a single display and allows for an inexpensive modular design to be created. Second, a pulsed laser input allows for image creation without the use of a polygon for derotation. Removal of the polygon allows for direct viewing of the LMW-SLM output enabling near-eye and flat panel displays. Third, output coupling gratings allow for bottom exit devices that are essential for thin substrates and flat panel displays. Fourth, the 3D printed module allows for the critical alignments of the LMW-SLM to become permanent. This in turns allows for transportation of the created displays without a trained technician by abstracting away the complexities of the device. The resulting changes simplify hardware, reduce cost, and enable the LMW-SLM to be modularized and the resulting 3D displays to be transportable. These improvements are made possible by the addition of a one new mask step during fabrication, a simple circuit design, and a 3D printed module designed in SOLIDWORKS. Included in this thesis as attachments are the MATLab, Eagle, and SOLIDWORKS files used to create the improved LMW-SLM.

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Stevens, Robin A. "The optical characterisation of liquid crystals using a half leaky waveguide geometry." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.307290.

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Allayarov, Izzatjon [Verfasser], and Thomas [Akademischer Betreuer] Weiss. "Theory of leaky mode propagation in optical waveguide geometries / Izzatjon Allayarov ; Betreuer: Thomas Weiss." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1217253513/34.

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Qaderi, Kamran. "Waveguide-Based Spatial Light Modulators for Use in Holographic Video Displays." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2018. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/7054.

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Film display holograms typically diffract light over a wide enough view-angle to be viewed, directly, without intervening optics. However, all holographic video displays must use optics beyond the hologram surface to overcome the challenges of small display extent and low diffraction angle by using some form of demagnification and derotation. We report a leaky mode waveguide spatial light modulator (SLM) with sufficiently high angular diffraction to obviate the need for demagnification in scanned aperture systems. This was achieved by performing a number of experiments to determine the depth of the annealed, proton-exchanged waveguide which corresponded to a maximized diffracted angle. Diffraction sweeps were recorded in excess of 19.5° for 632.8 nm light which is above the 15° required for direct view display. Moreover, we present a paired set of waveguide SLMs capable of a maximum light deflection nearing 28° for red. This deflection, which is several times larger than the angular sweep of current, state-of-the-art modulators, is made possible by the unilateral, near-collinear waveguide nature of the leaky mode interaction. The ability to double angular output in this way, which is either not possible or not practical in other SLMs, is possible in leaky mode devices, thanks to the absence of zero-order light and the lack of high-order outputs. This combined structure has angular deflection high enough to enable color holographic video monitors that do not require angular magnification. Furthermore, the low cost and high angular deflection of these devices may make it possible to make large arrays for flat-screen video holography. One improvement that could be made to the current setup would be to increase the device's diffraction efficiency. One highly influential factor of diffraction efficiency for a Bragg-regime surface acoustic wave (SAW) grating is the length of the interaction between the light and the grating. In this work, we have shown that guided light in a reverse proton exchanged (RPE) waveguide experiences less loss. This enables us to create longer devices which eventually results in devices with higher diffraction efficiency. We have also researched on LCoS SLMs and used them for two different applications: (a) photophoretic-trap volumetric displays and (b) holographic video displays. In the first case, aberrations including spherical, astigmatism, and coma can make particles to trap tighter in the focal point of the beam. Also, a new approach for holographic computations is presented which uses the electromagnetic nature of light in Maxwell Equations to find a unique phase map for every specific 3D object in space.

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Cox, Gavin J. "Techniques for pattern control of a dielectric rod antenna suitable for use in mobile communications." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2002. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/12693.

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This thesis describes the development of antennas suitable for mobile coinmunication systems based on a dielectric rod antenna fed from circular waveguide. Pattern control of the antenna is implemented using a combination of Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) elements and metallic endcaps placed on the antenna Both linear and circular polarised feeds have been made for these antennas to ensure they are suitable for a wide range of applications. The suitability of the dominant and next, higher order, waveguide mode were investigated and conclusions drawn as to their suitability for this type of antenna. The antennas were extensively modelled using a commercial TLM based solver and the results of these simulations were compared to the comprehensive set of antenna pattern measurements and S-parameter measurements obtained for the prototype antennas.

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Engelbrecht, Julia Maria. "Ein Beitrag zur funkgestützten Indoor-Positionierung auf der Basis von Leckwellenleitern in Fahrgastzellen." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A31900.

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In dieser Arbeit wird der Einsatz von Leckwellenleiter (engl. Leaky Coaxial Cable, LCX) zur funkgestützten Indoor-Positionierung in Fahrgastzellen untersucht. Mit Hilfe eines erstellten Vorgehensmodells werden zwei unterschiedliche LCX-Prototypen speziell für den Ortungseinsatz entwickelt. Hierbei wird die elektromagnetische Feldberechnung verwendet, um sowohl Leckwellenleiterstrukturen als auch deren Einsatz in einer Fahrgastzelle zu bewerten. Nach Fertigung beider Leckwellenleiter erfolgt eine messtechnische Validierung in einer vordefinierten Fahrgastzellenumgebung. Der Einsatz dieser Prototypen zur Indoor-Positionierung wird sowohl in Modell- als auch in realen Fahrzeugumgebungen, wie der AutoTram Extra Grand des Fraunhofer IVI, durchgeführt. Eine statistische Betrachtung von Messergebnissen sowie die Vorstellung eines zonenselektiven Positionierungsansatzes schließen diese Arbeit.

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Book chapters on the topic "LEAKY WAVEGUIDE"

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Anumeha Badoni, Nitin Kumar, and S. C. Gupta. "Substrate Integrated Waveguide Leaky Wave Antenna with Backward to Forward Scanning Capability." In Proceeding of International Conference on Intelligent Communication, Control and Devices, 1035–41. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-1708-7_122.

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Exner, Pavel, and Hynek Kovařík. "Leaky Waveguides." In Theoretical and Mathematical Physics, 327–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18576-7_10.

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Dhia, A. S. Bonnet-Ben, B. Goursaud, C. Hazard, and A. Prieto. "Finite element computation of leaky modes in stratified waveguides." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 73–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89105-5_7.

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"Leaky Waveguide Approach of Light Propagation Through Porous Semiconductors." In Engineering Materials and Processes, 91–99. London: Springer London, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-578-9_4.

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Wang, Hongwei, F. Yu, Li Zhu, and Tao Tang. "Modeling of the Wireless Channels with Leaky Waveguide for Communications-Based Train Control Systems." In Advances in Communications-Based Train Control Systems, 81–91. CRC Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b19389-6.

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"Leaky modes in optical waveguides." In Optical Electronics, 347–63. Cambridge University Press, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139167857.013.

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Conference papers on the topic "LEAKY WAVEGUIDE"

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Gupta, Ruchi, Anil Pal, and Nicholas J. Goddard. "Leaky Waveguide Grating (LWG) Biosensor." In Life Science, Materials and Applied Chemistry. Switzerland: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-24t174.

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A novel leaky waveguide grating (LWG) biosensor is reported where a continuous waveguide film of chitosan was photo patterned, resulting in a periodic modulation of the concentration of recognition elements (streptavidin in this case). This resulted in a periodic variation in the refractive index of the waveguide film, forming a phase grating at resonance angles of the LWG. Thus, a diffraction pattern was observed at resonance angles, but not at other angles. The position of resonance angles and hence diffraction pattern was a function of the refractive index of chitosan waveguide strips, forming the basis of biosensing and quantitative measurements.

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Mizumoto, Tetsuya, and Hideki Saito. "Semi-leaky waveguide optical isolator." In OFC/NFOEC 2007 - 2007 Conference on Optical Fiber Communication and the National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ofc.2007.4348754.

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Oliner, Arthur A. "Uniform Waveguide Leaky Wave Antennas." In 1985 Technical Symposium East, edited by James C. Wiltse. SPIE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.948248.

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Liu, Huikan, and Kevin J. Webb. "An Anisotropic Metamaterial Leaky Waveguide." In Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/qels.2010.qwb6.

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Lynch, J., C. G. Durfee, and H. M. Milchberg. "Leaky Mode Propagation in a High Intensity Plasma Waveguide." In High Resolution Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hrfts.1994.wc5.

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The finite thickness of the electron density barrier in the shock driven plasma waveguide1 (see Fig. 1 of paper Mode Properties of a High Intensity Plasma Waveguide, this conference) implies that formally, there are no bound modes (ie. no discrete spectrum of channel propagation wavenumbers) since all fields leak to some extent. For sufficiently large ΔNe and rm (where ΔNe = Ne(rm)-Ne(0) is the electron density difference between the peak and on-axis electron density and rm is the radius to the electron density peak), low order leaky waveforms are effectively indistinguishable from eigenmodes of a channel having Ne(r)= Nemax for r>rm (idealized channel). As an example of this, Fig. 1 compares leaky waveforms from a model channel (consistent with predictions of our laser-plasma hydrodynamics code1) to eigenmodes of the corresponding idealized channel. In this case, the field attenuation in the walls is sufficient to result in little tunneling or leakage of the lowest order p=0, m=0 mode (where p and m are radial and azimuthal mode indices). The p=1, m=0 mode, however, is sensitive to the finite barrier thickness in this case.

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Valera, J. D., J. S. Aitchison, D. J. Goodwill, A. C. Walker, I. D. Henning, and S. Ritchie. "Modal Bistability in a GaAlAs Leaky Waveguide." In Optical Bistability. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/obi.1988.wd.2.

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Intrinsic optical bistability has been observed in a waveguide due to both optothermal [1] and optoelectronic [2,3] nonlinearities. In this paper we describe a bistable switching effect associated with mode distribution changes in a nonlinear leaky waveguide. The guide consisted of a Ga0.86Al0.14As layer, 3.6 μm thick and 200 μm, long bounded by GaAs and Ga0.9Al0.1As layers.

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Hashiguchi, Hiroshi, Toshihiko Baba, and Hiroyuki Arai. "Optical leaky waveguide antenna using shallow etched circular waffled waveguide." In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2017.8072680.

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Hashiguchi, Hioshi, Hiroyuki Arai, Keisuke Kondo, and Toshihiko Baba. "Optical leaky wave antenna using waffle waveguide." In 2015 International Workshop on Electromagnetics: Applications and Student Innovation Competition (iWEM). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwem.2015.7365042.

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Joseph, K., B. R. Tittmann, M. Pedrick, and M. Kropf. "Low attenuation waveguide for leaky surface waves." In Nondestructive Evaulation for Health Monitoring and Diagnostics, edited by Norbert Meyendorf, George Y. Baaklini, and Bernd Michel. SPIE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.655289.

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Wang, Yazheng, and Xingchen Wang. "Leaky Rectangular Waveguide with 1.7Ghz Radiation Field." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Information Technology,Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICIBA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciba50161.2020.9277070.

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Reports on the topic "LEAKY WAVEGUIDE"

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Zhengqing, Gan. Spectrally narrowed leaky waveguide edge emission and transient electrluminescent dynamics of OLEDs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/985163.

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