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1

Ghatak, Ajoy K. "Leaky modes in optical waveguides." Optical and Quantum Electronics 17, no. 5 (September 1985): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00620394.

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2

Manenkov, A. B. "Orthogonality Conditions for Leaky Modes." Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 48, no. 5 (May 2005): 348–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11141-005-0076-8.

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3

Ayryan, Edik, Dmitry Divakov, Alexandre Egorov, Konstantin Lovetskiy, and Leonid Sevastianov. "Modelling Leaky Waves in Planar Dielectric Waveguides." EPJ Web of Conferences 226 (2020): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202022602003.

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Experimentally observed leaky modes of a dielectric waveguide are characterised by a weak tunnelling of the light through the waveguide and its long-time propagation along the waveguide. Traditional mathematical models of leaky waveguide modes meet some contradictions resolved using additional considerations. We propose a model of leaky modes in a waveguide free from the above contradictions, akin to the quantum mechanical model of the “pseudo-stable” Gamow-Siegert states. By separating variables, from the complete problem for plane inhomogeneous waves we obtain a non-self-adjoint Sturm-Liouville problem to determine the complex coefficient of the phase delay of the studied mode. The solution of the complete wave problem determines the propagation cone for the leaky mode of the waveguide, inside which there are no contradictions. Thus, solution is in qualitative agreement with experimental data.
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4

Divakov, Dmitriy V., Alexandre A. Egorov, Konstantin P. Lovetskiy, Leonid A. Sevastianov, and Andrey S. Drevitskiy. "Leaky waves in planar dielectric waveguide." Discrete and Continuous Models and Applied Computational Science 27, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 325–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2658-4670-2019-27-4-325-342.

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A new analytical and numerical solution of the electrodynamic waveguide problem for leaky modes of a planar dielectric symmetric waveguide is proposed. The conditions of leaky modes, corresponding to the Gamow-Siegert model, were used as asymptotic boundary conditions. The resulting initial-boundary problem allows the separation of variables. The emerging problem of the eigen-modes of open three-layer waveguides is formulated as the Sturm-Liouville problem with the corresponding boundary and asymptotic conditions. In the case of guided and radiation modes, the Sturm-Liouville problem is self-adjoint and the corresponding eigenvalues are real quantities for dielectric media. The search for eigenvalues and eigenfunctions corresponding to the leaky modes involves a number of difficulties: the problem for leaky modes is not self-adjoint, so the eigenvalues are complex quantities. The problem of finding eigenvalues and eigenfunctions is associated with finding the complex roots of the nonlinear dispersion equation. To solve this problem, we used the method of minimizing the zero order. An analysis of the calculated distributions of the electric field strength of the first three leaky modes is given, showing the possibilities and advantages of our approach to the study of leaky modes.
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5

Hu, Jonathan, and Curtis R. Menyuk. "Understanding leaky modes: slab waveguide revisited." Advances in Optics and Photonics 1, no. 1 (January 29, 2009): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aop.1.000058.

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6

Jestl, M., W. Beinstingl, and E. Gornik. "Leaky modes in metal‐semiconductor junctions." Journal of Applied Physics 65, no. 4 (February 15, 1989): 1805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.342912.

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7

Park, Sang-Jin, Hoe-Woong Kim, and Young-Sang Joo. "Leaky Lamb Wave Radiation from a Waveguide Plate with Finite Width." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 16, 2020): 8104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228104.

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In this paper, leaky Lamb wave radiation from a waveguide plate with finite width is investigated to gain a basic understanding of the radiation characteristics of the plate-type waveguide sensor. Although the leaky Lamb wave behavior has already been theoretically revealed, most studies have only dealt with two dimensional radiations of a single leaky Lamb wave mode in an infinitely wide plate, and the effect of the width modes (that are additionally formed by the lateral sides of the plate) on leaky Lamb wave radiation has not been fully addressed. This work aimed to explain the propagation behavior and characteristics of the Lamb waves induced by the existence of the width modes and to reveal their effects on leaky Lamb wave radiation for the performance improvement of the waveguide sensor. To investigate the effect of the width modes in a waveguide plate with finite width, propagation characteristics of the Lamb waves were analyzed by the semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) method. Then, the Lamb wave radiation was computationally modeled on the basis of the analyzed propagation characteristics and was also experimentally measured for comparison. From the modeled and measured results of the leaky radiation beam, it was found that the width modes could affect leaky Lamb wave radiation with the mode superposition and radiation characteristics were significantly changed depending on the wave phase of the superposed modes on the radiation surface.
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8

Snyder, A. W., and A. Ankiewicz. "Polarising anisotropic fibres and their leaky modes." Electronics Letters 21, no. 23 (1985): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19850784.

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9

Freedman, Albert. "On resonance widths of leaky Lamb modes." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97, no. 3 (March 1995): 1980–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.412009.

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10

Nicolet, A., F. Zolla, Y. O. Agha, and S. Guenneau. "Leaky modes in twisted microstructured optical fibers." Waves in Random and Complex Media 17, no. 4 (October 18, 2007): 559–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17455030701481849.

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11

Jianxin Zhu and Ya Yan Lu. "Leaky modes of slab waveguides-asymptotic solutions." Journal of Lightwave Technology 24, no. 3 (March 2006): 1619–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.863275.

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12

Torner, Lluis, Fernando Canal, and J. Hernandez-Marco. "Leaky modes in multilayer uniaxial optical waveguides." Applied Optics 29, no. 18 (June 20, 1990): 2805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.29.002805.

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13

Li, Jie, and Kin Seng Chiang. "Leaky modes in coupled photonic bandgap waveguides." Journal of the Optical Society of America B 25, no. 8 (July 17, 2008): 1277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josab.25.001277.

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14

Cruz y Cruz, Sara, and Oscar Rosas-Ortiz. "Leaky Modes of Waveguides as a Classical Optics Analogy of Quantum Resonances." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/281472.

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A classical optics waveguide structure is proposed to simulate resonances of short range one-dimensional potentials in quantum mechanics. The analogy is based on the well-known resemblance between the guided and radiation modes of a waveguide with the bound and scattering states of a quantum well. As resonances are scattering states that spend some time in the zone of influence of the scatterer, we associate them with the leaky modes of a waveguide, the latter characterized by suffering attenuation in the direction of propagation but increasing exponentially in the transverse directions. The resemblance is complete because resonances (leaky modes) can be interpreted as bound states (guided modes) with definite lifetime (longitudinal shift). As an immediate application we calculate the leaky modes (resonances) associated with a dielectric homogeneous slab (square well potential) and show that these modes are attenuated as they propagate.
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15

Nurligareev, D. Kh, and V. A. Sychugov. "Leaky modes and directed modes in confined one-dimensional photonic crystal." Bulletin of the Lebedev Physics Institute 39, no. 4 (April 2012): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068335612040033.

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16

Wei-Min, Ye, Yuan Xiao-Dong, Ji Jia-Rong, and Zeng Chun. "Calculation of Guided Modes and Leaky Modes in Photonic Crystal Slabs." Chinese Physics Letters 21, no. 8 (July 30, 2004): 1545–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/21/8/037.

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17

Haus, H., and D. Miller. "Attenuation of cutoff modes and leaky modes of dielectric slab structures." IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 22, no. 2 (February 1986): 310–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jqe.1986.1072956.

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18

Gupta, Ruchi, Anil K. Pal, and Nicholas J. Goddard. "Biosensing by Direct Observation of Leaky Waveguide Modes." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1919, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1919/1/012002.

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19

Molz, Eric B., and John R. Beamish. "Leaky plate modes: Radiation into a solid medium." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99, no. 4 (April 1996): 1894–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.415372.

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20

Simmons, John A., E. Drescher‐Krasicka, and H. N. G. Wadley. "Leaky axisymmetric modes in infinite clad rods. I." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 2 (August 1992): 1061–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.404036.

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21

Drescher‐Krasicka, Eva, and John A. Simmons. "Leaky axisymmetric modes in infinite clad rods. II." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 92, no. 2 (August 1992): 1091–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.404037.

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22

Sotsky, A. B., L. M. Steingart, J. H. Jackson, P. Ya Chudakovskii, and L. I. Sotskaya. "Prism excitation of leaky modes of thin films." Technical Physics 58, no. 11 (November 2013): 1651–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106378421311025x.

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23

Sotskiĭ, A. B., and L. I. Sotskaya. "Leaky modes in optical fibers with transverse anisotropy." Optics and Spectroscopy 88, no. 3 (March 2000): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.626811.

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24

Di Nallo, C., F. Mesa, and D. R. Jackson. "Excitation of leaky modes on multilayer stripline structures." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 46, no. 8 (1998): 1062–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.704947.

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25

Mesa, F., D. R. Jackson, and M. J. Freire. "Evolution of leaky modes on printed-circuit lines." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 50, no. 1 (2002): 94–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/22.981253.

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26

Ding, Yin-Xing, Lu-Lu Wang, and Li Yu. "Leaky Modes in Ag Nanowire over Substrate Configuration." Chinese Physics Letters 34, no. 9 (August 2017): 094203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/34/9/094203.

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27

Dawei Song and Ya Yan Lu. "Analyzing Leaky Waveguide Modes by Pseudospectral Modal Method." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 27, no. 9 (May 1, 2015): 955–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2015.2403844.

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28

Chen Kuei Jen, A. Safaai-Jazi, and G. W. Farnell. "Leaky Modes in Weakly Guiding Fiber Acoustic Waveguides." IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics and Frequency Control 33, no. 6 (November 1986): 634–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/t-uffc.1986.26878.

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29

Eliseev, M. V., A. G. Rozhnev, and A. B. Manenkov. "Guided and leaky modes of complex waveguide structures." Journal of Lightwave Technology 23, no. 8 (August 2005): 2586–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.852027.

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30

Lin, L., T. Tamir, and K. M. Leung. "Leaky‐wave modes in nonlinear output prism couplers." Applied Physics Letters 55, no. 5 (July 31, 1989): 427–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.101886.

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31

Viens, M., Y. Tsukahara, C. K. Jen, and J. D. N. Cheeke. "Leaky torsional acoustic modes in infinite clad rods." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 95, no. 2 (February 1994): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.408430.

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32

Petracek, J., and K. Singh. "Determination of leaky modes in planar multilayer waveguides." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 14, no. 6 (June 2002): 810–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2002.1003101.

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33

Michalski, Krzysztof A., and Dalian Zheng. "On the leaky modes of open microstrip lines." Microwave and Optical Technology Letters 2, no. 1 (January 1989): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mop.4650020104.

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34

URANUS, H. P., H. J. W. M. HOEKSTRA, and E. VAN GROESEN. "GALERKIN FINITE ELEMENT SCHEME WITH BAYLISS–GUNZBURGER–TURKEL-LIKE BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR VECTORIAL OPTICAL MODE SOLVER." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 13, no. 02 (June 2004): 175–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863504001840.

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A Galerkin finite element scheme furnished with 1st-order Bayliss–Gunzburger–Turkel-like boundary conditions is formulated to compute both the guided and leaky modes of anisotropic channel waveguides of non-magnetic materials with diagonal permittivity tensor. The scheme is formulated using transverse components of magnetic fields for nodal-based quadratic triangular elements. Results for some structures will be presented. The effectiveness of the boundary conditions will be illustrated using a step-index optical fiber with computational boundaries positioned near to the core, and the leaky modes computation of a leaky rib structure. In addition, a leaky mode solving of a six-hole "photonic crystal fiber" will be demonstrated. The computed results agree with their exact values (for optical fibers) and published results (for other structures).
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35

Kelebekler, Ersoy. "An analysis of leaky hybrid modes depending on structural parameters in a circular dielectric rod." Frequenz 75, no. 9-10 (April 19, 2021): 377–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/freq-2020-0189.

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Abstract Open dielectric waveguides are structures used to guide electromagnetic energy in integrated circuits above the cutoff or as leaky wave antennas propagating the energy transversely out of the waveguide in a narrow region below the cutoff. In this study, the related operating regions for the hybrid EH modes of a cylindrical dielectric rod were obtained analytically. Analyses of the leaky wave characteristics of the hybrid EH modes for various radii of the rod and various dielectric constant values were performed. The guided modes existing above the cutoff with a pure real propagation constant, and the leaky wave modes existing below the cutoff with a complex propagation constant, were obtained from the coefficient matrix of the characteristic equations system of the structure using the bisection method and Davidenko’s method, respectively. Additionally, the guided modes of the structure were obtained and designated in the light of previous studies in the literature. The results show that the frequency spectrum of the antenna mode region increases as the value of the dielectric constant and the radius of the dielectric rod decrease. In addition, a circular dielectric with a smaller radius and dielectric constant had a larger frequency spectrum in the leaky wave antenna applications.
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36

Huang, Biao, Li Yang, Yu-Lu Tian, and Jing-Ren Qian. "Intuitive Equivalence Between Radiation Modes and Quasi-Leaky Modes in Optical Waveguides." Journal of Lightwave Technology 35, no. 9 (May 1, 2017): 1640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2017.2663198.

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37

Hauss, Julian, Tobias Bocksrocker, Boris Riedel, Uli Lemmer, and Martina Gerken. "On the interplay of waveguide modes and leaky modes in corrugated OLEDs." Optics Express 19, S4 (June 20, 2011): A851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.19.00a851.

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38

Chumakova, Lyubov G., Rodolfo R. Rosales, and Esteban G. Tabak. "Leaky Rigid Lid: New Dissipative Modes in the Troposphere." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 70, no. 10 (October 1, 2013): 3119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-12-065.1.

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Abstract An effective boundary condition is derived for the top of the troposphere, based on a wave radiation condition at the tropopause. This boundary condition, which can be formulated as a pseudodifferential equation, leads to new vertical dissipative modes. These modes can be computed explicitly in the classical setup of a hydrostatic, nonrotating atmosphere with a piecewise constant Brunt–Väisälä frequency. In the limit of an infinitely strongly stratified stratosphere, these modes lose their dissipative nature and become the regular baroclinic tropospheric modes under the rigid-lid approximation. For realistic values of the stratification, the decay time scales of the first few modes for mesoscale disturbances range from an hour to a week, suggesting that the time scale for some atmospheric phenomena may be set up by the rate of energy loss through upward-propagating waves.
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39

Young Kim, Ki, Heung-Sik Tae, and Jeong-Hae Lee. "Analysis of leaky modes in circular dielectric rod waveguides." Electronics Letters 39, no. 1 (2003): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20030111.

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40

Chang-Min Kim, Young-Moon Kim, and Woo-Kyung Kim. "Leaky modes of circular slab waveguides: modified Airy functions." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics 8, no. 6 (November 2002): 1239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstqe.2002.806671.

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41

Shi, Chao-xiang. "Leaky modes in anisotropic optical fibers with finite cladding." Journal of the Optical Society of America A 6, no. 4 (April 1, 1989): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/josaa.6.000550.

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42

Ettorre, Mauro, and Anthony Grbic. "Generation of Propagating Bessel Beams Using Leaky-Wave Modes." IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 60, no. 8 (August 2012): 3605–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tap.2012.2201088.

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43

Baccarelli, Paolo, Simone Paulotto, David R. Jackson, and Arthur A. Oliner. "Leaky modes at backward endfire on periodic printed structures." Radio Science 43, no. 4 (August 2008): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007rs003811.

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44

Romanov, Dmitri, Vladimir Mitin, and Michael Stroscio. "Optical phonons in GaN/AlN quantum dots: leaky modes." Physica B: Condensed Matter 316-317 (May 2002): 359–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(02)00507-0.

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45

Jasiński, Jerzy. "Non-attenuated hybrid leaky guided modes in planar waveguides." Optics Communications 99, no. 1-2 (May 1993): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0030-4018(93)90701-6.

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46

Pogossian, S. P., and H. Le Gall. "Detailed Study of Quasi-bound Modes in Leaky Structures." Journal of Modern Optics 42, no. 8 (August 1995): 1725–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500349514551511.

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47

Terradas, J., J. Andries, and M. Goossens. "On the Excitation of Leaky Modes in Cylindrical Loops." Solar Physics 246, no. 1 (November 3, 2007): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11207-007-9067-6.

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48

Djordjević, B. Z., C. Benedetti, C. B. Schroeder, E. Esarey, and W. P. Leemans. "Filtering higher-order laser modes using leaky plasma channels." Physics of Plasmas 25, no. 1 (January 2018): 013103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5006198.

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49

Rojas, J. A. M., J. Alpuente, P. López, and R. Sánchez. "Study of leaky modes in high contrast Bragg fibres." Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics 9, no. 10 (August 31, 2007): 833–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1464-4258/9/10/009.

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50

Leung, P. T., and S. T. Ng. "Determination of quasinormal modes in leaky cavities by diagonalization." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 29, no. 1 (January 7, 1996): 143–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/29/1/016.

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