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Journal articles on the topic 'Leakage'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

Le, T. T., J. Watton, and D. T. Pham. "An artificial neural network based approach to fault diagnosis and classification of fluid power systems." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 211, no. 4 (1997): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0959651971539830.

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In this paper, multilayer perceptron (MLP) type neural networks are used to detect leakages in an electrohydraulic cylinder drive. Both single-leakage and multiple-leakage type faults are investigated. The performance of MLPs is examined relating to the level of leakage flowrate and it was found that MLPs perform well for line leakages but for across-cylinder seal leakages they could only detect leakage over 1.01/min. The generalization tests on non-training leakage flowrate and working temperature are also included. A novel feature is the use of system state variables for network training, in

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Huang, Hongwei, Wen Cheng, Mingliang Zhou, Jiayao Chen, and Shuai Zhao. "Towards Automated 3D Inspection of Water Leakages in Shield Tunnel Linings Using Mobile Laser Scanning Data." Sensors 20, no. 22 (2020): 6669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20226669.

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On-site manual inspection of metro tunnel leakages has been faced with the problems of low efficiency and poor accuracy. An automated, high-precision, and robust water leakage inspection method is vital to improve the manual approach. Existing approaches cannot provide the leakage location due to the lack of spatial information. Therefore, an integrated deep learning method of water leakage inspection using tunnel lining point cloud data from mobile laser scanning is presented in this paper. It is composed of three parts as follows: (1) establishment of the water leakage dataset using the acqu

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Mulyukov, D. R., D. R. Ardislamova, V. O. Bortsov, et al. "IMPACT OF LEAKAGE MODEL SELECTION ON HYDRAULIC FRACTURING DATA INTERPRETATION." Problems of Gathering Treatment and Transportation of Oil and Oil Products, no. 6 (December 19, 2024): 136–48. https://doi.org/10.17122/ntj-oil-2024-6-136-148.

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The paper examines the issues of modeling a hydraulic fracturing crack, which arises when analyzing the leakage of hydraulic fracturing fluid into the formation. Fluid leakage into the formation are subdivided into normal (not dependent on pressure) and pressure-dependent. Pressure-dependent leakages occur during hydraulic fracturing in fields with low filtration properties. The importance of accounting for such leakage is demonstrated by a specific example. It is shown that the choice of a pressure-independent leakage model affects the required calculated volume of injected fluid. In case of

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Churojana, Anchalee, Dittapong Songsaeng, Rujimas Khumtong, Anek Suwanbundit, and Guillaume Saliou. "Is Intervertebral Cement Leakage a Risk Factor for New Adjacent Vertebral Collapse?" Interventional Neuroradiology 20, no. 5 (2014): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15274/inr-2014-10079.

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This retrospective study evaluated the relationship between intervertebral cement leakage and new adjacent vertebral fracture and describes the different characteristics of cement leakage. Increased risk of new adjacent vertebral fracture (NF) has been reported to be a complication of cement leakage in vertebroplasty. In our observation, an incidental intervertebral cement leakage may occur during vertebroplasty but is commonly asymptomatic. The study focused on osteoporotic collapse patients who had percutaneous vertebroplasty (PV) between 2005 and 2007. We divided patients into leakage and n

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Fang, QianSheng, JiXin Zhang, ChenLei Xie, and YaLong Yang. "Detection of multiple leakage points in water distribution networks based on convolutional neural networks." Water Supply 19, no. 8 (2019): 2231–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2019.105.

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Abstract Currently, a total of 3.6 billion people live in water-deficient areas, and the population living in water-deficient areas may reach from 4.8 to 5.7 billion by 2050. Despite that, the water distribution system (WDS) loses an average of 35% of its water resources, and the leakage rates may reach even higher values in some regions. The dual pressures of the lack of water resources and severe WDS leakage become even more problematic considering that commonly used leakage detection methods are time-consuming, labour-intensive, and can only detect single-point leakages. For multiple leakag

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Ismayilova, H. G., Z. I. Farzalizade, and L. M. Shikhiyeva. "Specification of oil leakage points based on the operation data of pipelines." Azerbaijan Oil Industry, no. 01 (January 15, 2022): 45–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.37474/0365-8554/2022-1-45-49.

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The paper deals with the analysis of negative effect of the complications in the operation of oil pipelines on environment and the analytical specification of oil leakages from the pipelines as well. An empiric expression for the approximation of oil leakage due to the failures based on the ratio of corresponding losses considering the changes of combined characteristics of pump station and pipeline before and after the leakage is offered. The paper presents the calculations on the definition of leakage points based on the data of chronicality of oil leakages from the pipelines due to the fail

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Salgado-Barandela, Jesyca, Angel Barajas, and Patricio Sanchez-Fernandez. "Geographical Distribution of Economic Impact: Sporting Events in Small Cities." International Journal of Sport Finance 18, no. 1 (2023): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32731/ijsf/181.022023.04.

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There are limitations in determining the economic impact of sporting events that need to be considered. One of these is represented by first-round leakages. This work focuses on explaining first-round leakages in the economic impact of sporting events on small cities. Seeking to identify this type of leakage, we estimated the spatial distribution of the economic impact of two small-sized events organized in a town with a population of 24,248 inhabitants. The results showed a first-round leakage exceeding €300,000 and identified higher average attendee expenditure in a more developed city adjac

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Haschenburger, Anja, Niklas Menke, and Jan Stüve. "Sensor-based leakage detection in vacuum bagging." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 116, no. 7-8 (2021): 2413–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-021-07505-5.

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AbstractA majority of aircraft components are nowadays manufactured using autoclave processing. Essential for the quality of the component is the realization of an airtight vacuum bag on top of the component to be cured. Several ways of leakage detection methods are actually used in industrial processes. They will be dealt with in this paper. A special focus is put on a new approach using flow meters for monitoring the air flow during evacuation and curing. This approach has been successfully validated in different trials, which are presented and discussed. The main benefit of the method is th

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Mathye, Risimati Patrick, Miklas Scholz, and Stephen Nyende-Byakika. "Optimal Pressure Management in Water Distribution Systems: Efficiency Indexes for Volumetric Cost Performance, Consumption and Linear Leakage Measurements." Water 14, no. 5 (2022): 805. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14050805.

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Water is a finite resource and should be given the attention it deserves to reduce its depletion through leakages in pipe systems. The authors implemented pressure management strategies linked to fixed and variable discharge (FAVAD), the burst and background estimate (BABE), and orifice principle methodologies to analyze a two-phased comparative method for applying optimal pressure management and its efficiency indexes in measuring volumetric cost performance, consumption, leakage flowrate, linear leakage reduction, infrastructural leakage and leakage cost indices. Using time-modulated smart c

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Abed, Farzaneh, Francesco Berti, and Stefan Lucks. "Attacking a Leakage-Resilient Authenticated Encryption Scheme without Leakage." Information & Security: An International Journal 37 (2017): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.11610/isij.3704.

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Zhou, Xuan, Fei Liu, Lisheng Luo, Shiman Peng, and Junlong Xie. "Study on the Leakage Diagnosis of a Chilled Water Pipeline Network System Based on Pressure Variation Rate Analysis for Climate Change Mitigation." Buildings 15, no. 8 (2025): 1384. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081384.

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In the context of increasing climate variability and extreme weather, chilled water systems face mounting challenges due to amplified heating and cooling demands and prevalent pipe leakages. Such leakages reduce system lifespan, raise maintenance costs, and degrade operational efficiency. To overcome the limitations of current methods, such as insufficient interpretability and computational complexity in leak localization, this paper proposes a novel leakage diagnosis and localization scheme based on pressure variation rate analysis in closed chilled water pipeline networks. Hydraulic models u

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Brady, Richard RW, Peter Che Ambe, Esben Bo Boisen, Helle Doré Hansen, Teresa Adeltoft Ajslev, and Martin Vestergaard. "The effect of frequency of leakage and a novel digital leakage notification system on sleep in people living with an intestinal stoma." Gastrointestinal Nursing 23, no. 2 (2025): 68–76. https://doi.org/10.12968/gasn.2025.0006.

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Background: Many people living with a stoma have difficulties with stoma-related sleep problems; however, there is a paucity of research demonstrating solutions or interventions to alleviate these problems. Aims: This study aimed to determine the impact of stoma-leakage on different aspects of sleep; and to investigate whether the use of a digital leakage notification system (Heylo™) for ostomy care could help improve sleep in individuals living with an intestinal stoma. Methods: Data were derived from three sources: a cross-sectional, self-reported questionnaire investigating different health

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Schineis, Christian, Andrea Ullrich, Kai S. Lehmann, et al. "Microscopic inflammation in ileocecal specimen does not correspond to a higher anastomotic leakage rate after ileocecal resection in Crohn’s disease." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (2021): e0247796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247796.

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Background Patients with Crohn’s disease suffer from a higher rate of anastomotic leakages after ileocecal resection than patients without Crohn’s disease. Our hypothesis was that microscopic inflammation at the resection margins of ileocecal resections in Crohn’s disease increases the rate of anastomotic leakages. Patients and methods In a retrospective cohort study, 130 patients with Crohn’s disease that underwent ileocecal resection between 2015 and 2019, were analyzed. Anastomotic leakage was the primary outcome parameter. Inflammation at the resection margin was characterized as “inflamma

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Dulchenko, Anna A., Roman A. Shestakov, and Yulia S. Matveeva. "Methodology for location of leakages and unauthorized tie-ins on oil pipelines." Bulletin of the Tomsk Polytechnic University Geo Assets Engineering 335, no. 6 (2024): 26–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18799/24131830/2024/6/4325.

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Relevance. Pipeline transportation of oil and oil products is one of the most efficient and cost-effective modes of transport in the modern world. Despite this, this type of transport can also be environmentally hazardous in case of leakages caused, for example, by corrosion, violation of operating rules, unauthorized tie-ins. Non-operational localization and liquidation of leakages and unauthorized tie-ins is often not only the cause of significant financial losses, but also accidents and pollution of the area of varying severity and scale. Nowadays, the issue of determining the leakage that

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Verstegen, Moniek, Stefan Bouwense, Frans Van Workum, et al. "PS01.173: MANAGEMENT OF INTRATHORACIC AND CERVICAL ANASTOMOTIC LEAKAGE AFTER ESOPHAGECTOMY FOR ESOPHAGEAL CANCER: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW." Diseases of the Esophagus 31, Supplement_1 (2018): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/dote/doy089.ps01.173.

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Abstract Background Anastomotic leakage affects up to 30% of patients after esophagectomy each year and leads to considerable morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to determine which treatment for anastomotic leakage after esophagectomy has the best clinical outcome, based on currently available literature. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase and Web of Science until April 2017. All studies reporting on the treatment of anastomotic leakage following esophagectomy with gastric tube reconstruction for esophageal or cardia cancer were included. The

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ZHANG, WEIQIANG, LI SU, YU ZHANG, LINFENG LI, and JIANPING HU. "LOW-LEAKAGE FLIP-FLOPS BASED ON DUAL-THRESHOLD AND MULTIPLE LEAKAGE REDUCTION TECHNIQUES." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 20, no. 01 (2011): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126611007128.

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The scaling of transistor sizes has resulted in dramatic increase of leakage currents. The sub-threshold and gate leakages have now become a major contributor to total power dissipations. This paper presents two flip-flops based on dual-threshold CMOS and multiple leakage reduction techniques to reduce their leakage dissipations. In the DT-TG FF (Dual-Threshold Transmission Gate Flip-Flop), some transistors on non-critical paths use high-threshold devices to reduce their leakage currents, while the other transistors on critical paths use low-threshold devices to maintain performance. The MLRT

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Li, Tian, Zhi Zhen Peng, Yan Cheng Fan, Xi Ming Tang, Chen Guang Kong, and Qin Yin. "Boric Acid Corrosion in the Primary System of PWRs." Advanced Materials Research 1081 (December 2014): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1081.58.

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Borated water leakage could lead to boric acid corrosion of nuclear equipment, and it’s a danger to the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plants (PWRs). In this study, the principle of boric acid corrosion was studied first. Through the experiences of borated water leakages and boric acid corrosion at home and abroad, the main leakage sources in PWRs were summarized. Combining the technique features of visual inspection, the detecting principles were proposed. In the end, a protection strategy of boric acid corrosion was established including the control of borated water leakage, the det

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Gupta, Aditya Dinesh, and Kishore Kulat. "Leakage reduction in water distribution system using efficient pressure management techniques. Case study: Nagpur, India." Water Supply 18, no. 6 (2018): 2015–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2018.023.

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Abstract Leakages in water distribution system (WDS) are directly proportional to its operating pressure. Pressure management is becoming an important technique for reducing leakages in the water networks. This paper presents a pressure management technique for leakage reduction in north central WDS of Nagpur City, India, using variable speed pump and pressure reducing valves (PRVs). Variable speed pump is utilized for eliminating pressure deficiency during high demand and for reducing excess pressure causing leakage reduction during lower demand, by controlling the pump speed. PRVs have been

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Gao, Chang, Min Zong, Wen-tao Wang, Lei Xu, Da Cao, and Yue-fen Zou. "Analysis of risk factors causing short-term cement leakages and long-term complications after percutaneous kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures." Acta Radiologica 59, no. 5 (2017): 577–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0284185117725368.

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Background Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) is a common treatment modality for painful osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). Pre- and postoperative identification of risk factors for cement leakage and follow-up complications would therefore be helpful but has not been systematically investigated. Purpose To evaluate pre- and postoperative risk factors for the occurrence of short-term cement leakages and long-term complications after PKP for OVCFs. Material and Methods A total of 283 vertebrae with PKP in 239 patients were investigated. Possible risk factors causing cement leakag

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Harry, Kachule, Mzumara Martin, and Glorindal. "Gas leakage detection system using IoT." i-manager's Journal on Information Technology 12, no. 2 (2023): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.26634/jit.12.2.20056.

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Gas leakages are a worldwide threat and adversely affect the lives of all living beings. These gas leakages can increase poor air quality across most parts of the world, which is one of the primary reasons for the declining health and increasing diseases among humans and animals. It is essential to start tracking these gas leakages before they cause problems. In Malawi, due to the current shortage of energy and power, people have turned to other sources of energy and power, frequently using gas for cooking and other activities. Therefore, there is a high and increasing number of gas leakage th

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Li, Wenhan, Ke Huang, and Chaoquan Mo. "Research on leak detection in pipeline systems based on acoustic emission technology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2936, no. 1 (2025): 012040. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2936/1/012040.

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Abstract Current research often involves only a single type of leakage, with few studies comparing multiple leakage types in pipeline systems. To address this issue, a fundamental pipeline system experimental platform was established. By altering experimental conditions (such as AE sensor position, leakage rate, etc.), multi-type leakages in pipelines, valves, and flanges were simulated. Utilizing acoustic emission (AE) technology and parameter analysis methods, the relationships among AE signal values, including ASL (Average Signal Level), RMS (Root Mean Square Voltage), and amplitude, were e

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Makaya, Eugine. "Predictive Leakage Estimation using the Cumulative Minimum Night Flow Approach." American Journal of Water Resources 5, no. 1 (2017): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajwr-5-1-1.

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Several methods have been used in estimating leakages. Although the minimum night flow analysis method has been widely used in leakage estimation, the cumulative minimum night flow method is one method that can yield comparatively good leakage estimates. This paper applies the cumulative minimum night flow method to estimate water leakage in a water distribution system. The cumulative minimum night flow method develops a model from empirical night flows which is used to estimate mean minimum night flows and hence estimate leakages. The result was compared with the South Africa minimum night fl

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Pérez, R., V. Puig, J. Pascual, A. Peralta, E. Landeros, and Ll Jordanas. "Pressure sensor distribution for leak detection in Barcelona water distribution network." Water Supply 9, no. 6 (2009): 715–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2009.372.

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This paper proposes a leakage detection method based on detecting significant discrepancies between pressure measurements and their estimations obtained from the simulation of a calibrated water distribution network model. Every sensor in the network will allow to detect a discrepancy in pressure due to leakage depending on its location. Then, a set of well distributed pressure sensors will generate a leakage signature that allows leakage localisation. This paper presents the methodology used in the Barcelona network for distributing properly the sensors for a good discrimination in the leakag

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Klupp, F., S. Schuler, C. Kahlert, et al. "Evaluation of the inflammatory markers CCL8, CXCL5, and LIF in patients with anastomotic leakage after colorectal cancer surgery." International Journal of Colorectal Disease 35, no. 7 (2020): 1221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00384-020-03582-2.

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Abstract Purpose Anastomotic leakage constitutes a dreaded complication after colorectal surgery, leading to increased morbidity and mortality as well as prolonged hospitalization. Most leakages become clinically apparent about 8 days after surgery; however, early detection is quintessential to reduce complications and to improve patients’ outcome. We therefore investigated the significance of specific protein expression profiles as putative biomarkers, indicating anastomotic leakage. Methods In this single-center prospective cohort study serum and peritoneal fluid samples—from routinely intra

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P., Anitha, and Saranya K. "IoT Based Detection of Leakages in Gas Pipes." International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development 3, no. 4 (2019): 433–36. https://doi.org/10.31142/ijtsrd23722.

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In industries leakage of Gas in the pipeline is a major issue nowadays. Leakage is defined as the accidental admission or escape of fluid through a hole or crack from the pipe. Gas leakages lead to losses as well as fire accidents. This project takes the control over automatic detection of leakages than the man power and thus reduce loss. Here we propose an inventive robot that clings on to the outer surface of the gas pipe and moves along the pipe to check for leakages. The kit consists of MQ5 gas sensor to detect the gas leakages. The robot moves continuously along the metal pipe, if there a

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Hwang, Woonyong. "A Study on the Prediction of Damage Ranges by Leakages of Seaport-Stored Substances." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 21, no. 2 (2021): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2021.21.2.23.

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In order to check the risk of hydrogen peroxide leakage from the seaport, the leakage amount was changed from 1.0 ton to 10.0 tons, with the maximum and minimum diffusion distances per month in 2020 being subsequently calculated. A total of 82 scenarios were created to confirm the change in the diffusion distance according to the amount of leakage. The scenario was analyzed based on the distance at which the risk concentration was maintained through the ALOHA Air Dispersion Models. As indicated by the analysis, when the amount of leakage is relatively large, the temperature is also high and th

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Yu, Ming Yi. "The Research and Simulation of Intelligent Electric Leakage Detection Model for Mining Machinery." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 1616–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.1616.

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For today’s coal mining enterprises, the mining production environment is very harsh and sometimes there are electric leakages in the automatic production equipment which cause a great impact on the stability of coal production. This paper proposes an electric leakage fault intelligent detection model. The intelligent method can fix the electric leakage faults on time which is an important prerequisite to ensure mine production stable and secure. The experimental results show that the model can effectively detect hardware failures and leakage.

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Wateya, Ali Wambi, Twaibu Semwogerere, Richard O. Awichi, and Asaph Keikara Muhumuza. "Mathematical Modelling of Oil Pipeline Leakages Using Computational Fluid Dynamics - Case of BIDCO Oil Processing Refinery, Uganda." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MATHEMATICS 21 (February 16, 2022): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jam.v21i.9163.

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The leakage flow phenomena of a refinery oil pipe with a leakage point is numerically studied with the purpose to minimize oil leakage using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) approach. Among consequences of oil pipe leakages are losses as a result of property loss (oil), cost of pipe replacement and also death due to fire or explosion. To understand the leakage phenomena, pipe characteristics at the leakage orifice are necessary. In the simulation, considering a pipe with a leak orifice of 0.002m, diameter 0.06 m and length 10 m, single phased flow was considered. The leakage through the pipe

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Huang, Wending, Xinrui Huang, Zanxu Chen, Jian Zhan, Hongwei Yang, and Xin Li. "Parameter Analysis and Optimization of a Leakage Localization Method Based on Spatial Clustering." Water 17, no. 1 (2025): 106. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17010106.

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Leakage in water distribution systems (WDSs) causes a waste of water resources and increased carbon emissions. Rapid and accurate leakage localization to reduce the waste of water resources caused by leakages is an important way to overcome the problem. Using spatiotemporal correlation in monitoring data forms the basis of a leakage localization method proposed in a previous study. It is crucial to acknowledge that the chosen parameter settings significantly influence the localization performance of this method. This paper primarily seeks to optimize three essential parameters of this method:

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Kwon, Soonbeom, Hyeongryeol Kim, Seonyeong Choi, and Hwansoo Lee. "The Improvement Method of Digital Forensic for Responding to Technology Leakage of SMEs." Korean Career, Entrepreneurship & Business Association 7, no. 1 (2023): 85–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.48206/kceba.2023.7.1.85.

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Industrial technology leakage is increasingly becoming sophisticated, intelligent, and advanced. So, the police organized an industrial technology leakage investigation team in November 2006 and expanded the indust rial technology leakage investigation team to 17 local police agencies in 2017. Likewise, the police is trying to prevent industrial technology leakages, but it is still annually increasing. Especia lly, in 60.8% cases of technology leakages by insiders are done by using memory devices. Which makes digital forensic necessary in order to detect such incidents. However, problems such

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Choi, Gyeung Ho, Seong Keun Shin, Seok Choun Bae, Yong Jong Chung, and Sung Bin Han. "Effects of injector leakage on liquid propane injection engine performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 219, no. 4 (2005): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095440705x11149.

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This study aims to provide basic technical information for research regarding starting performance improvement by using a 2.656 cm3 V6 liquid propane injection engine to study the effects of varying the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) leakage on starting performance and to analyse the effects of such leakage on emission characteristics. To determine the LPG injection amount that corresponds to the desired LPG leakage, 1–30 l was injected to find the critical point and, since the injected fuel was detected at the intake starting from 5.5 l, starting performance comparisons of engine speed and exh

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Huang, Shou Qing, Shuang Fu Suo, Kai Bing Du, Yong Jian Li, and Yu Ming Wang. "Study on a Type of Low-Leakage Brush Seal Porous Media Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 312 (February 2013): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.312.345.

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Computation Fluid Dynamics (CFD) has been employed to calculate the pressure, flow distributions and leakage of brush seal by using Reynolds-Averaged-Navier-Stokes (RANS) method and two-dimensional axisymmetric anisotropic porous medium model. The leakage in brush seal with radial clearance has a marked increase compared with contact brush seal. The leakages of brush seal with different radial clearances have been investigated comparing contact brush seal. A type ofretaining ring structure has been employedto reduce the leakage on radial clearance condition. Also the disturbance effect of reta

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Reischl, Uwe, Conrad Colby, Budimir Mijović, and Ravindra S. Goonelilleke. "Quantitative assessment of facemask peripheral leakage." Sigurnost 67, no. 2 (2025): 129–34. https://doi.org/10.31306/s.67.2.3.

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Peripheral air leakage affects the ability of a facemask to protect a wearer from exposure to airborne contaminants. Leakage occurs when air bypasses a mask’s filter material and enters or exits the mask through gaps between the mask and the face. A wearer creates a negative pres-sure inside the mask during inhalation and a positive pressure during exhalation. These pres-sure differentials draw air in, or push air out of the mask reducing the effectiveness of a face-mask. An air-pressure measurement chamber was developed to simplify mask air leakage as-sessments. Changes in air pressure and ai

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Zheng, Leqian, Lei Xu, Cong Wang, et al. "SWAT: A System-Wide Approach to Tunable Leakage Mitigation in Encrypted Data Stores." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 17, no. 10 (2024): 2445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3675034.3675038.

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Numerous studies have underscored the significant privacy risks associated with various leakage patterns in encrypted data stores. While many solutions have been proposed to mitigate these leakages, they either (1) incur substantial overheads, (2) focus on specific subsets of leakage patterns, or (3) apply the same security notion across various workloads, thereby impeding the attainment of fine-tuned privacy-efficiency trade-offs. In light of various detrimental leakage patterns, this paper starts with an investigation into which specific leakage patterns require our focus in the contexts of

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Wu, Bujiao, Xiaoyang Wang, Xiao Yuan, Cupjin Huang, and Jianxin Chen. "Leakage Benchmarking for Universal Gate Sets." Entropy 26, no. 1 (2024): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26010071.

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Errors are common issues in quantum computing platforms, among which leakage is one of the most-challenging to address. This is because leakage, i.e., the loss of information stored in the computational subspace to undesired subspaces in a larger Hilbert space, is more difficult to detect and correct than errors that preserve the computational subspace. As a result, leakage presents a significant obstacle to the development of fault-tolerant quantum computation. In this paper, we propose an efficient and accurate benchmarking framework called leakage randomized benchmarking (LRB), for measurin

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Gupta, Aditya Dinesh, Neeraj Bokde, Dushyat Marathe, and Kishore Kulat. "Optimization techniques for leakage management in urban water distribution networks." Water Supply 17, no. 6 (2017): 1638–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.064.

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Abstract Reduction of leakages in water distribution systems (WDSs) is one of the major concerns for water industries. This paper presents a leakage reduction technique using pressure management by optimizing the water level in storage tanks, along with optimized control and localization of pressure-reducing valves (PRVs) in WDSs. A new mathematical tank and pump simulation algorithm is presented for controlling pressure in WDSs, by optimizing the water storage level in the tank depending upon the demand variations. The tank is used as a decision variable for the leakage reduction model. A mod

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Boniface, Adoyi, A. Y. Nasir, and A. M. Hassan. "Arduino based gas leakage and temperature monitoring and control system." International Journal of Informatics and Communication Technology (IJ-ICT) 9, no. 3 (2020): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijict.v9i3.pp171-178.

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<span lang="EN-US">Gas leakage is a major problem with industrial sectors, residential premises and gas powered vehicles like CNG (Compressed Natural Gas) buses etc. One of the preventive methods to stop accidents associated with the gas leakage is to install a gas leakage detection device at vulnerable places. The aim of this project is to develop such a device that can automatically detect and control gas leakages and also monitor temperature in vulnerable areas. The system detects the leakage of the LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) using a gas sensor and then also monitors the temperatur

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Hou and Zhu. "An EKF-Based Method and Experimental Study for Small Leakage Detection and Location in Natural Gas Pipelines." Applied Sciences 9, no. 15 (2019): 3193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9153193.

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Small leaks in natural gas pipelines are hard to detect, and there are few studies on this problem in the literature. In this paper, a method based on the extended Kalman filter (EKF) is proposed to detect and locate small leaks in natural gas pipelines. First, the method of a characteristic line is used to establish a discrete model of transient pipeline flow. At the same time, according to the basic idea of EKF, a leakage rate is distributed to each segment of the discrete model to obtain a model with virtual multi-point leakage. As such, the virtual leakage rate becomes a component of the s

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Shi, Xin, Yi Cao, Chuanxin Rong, Gangjian An, Houliang Wang, and Linzhao Cui. "Influence of Pipeline Leakage on the Ground Settlement around the Tunnel during Shield Tunneling." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (2022): 16802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416802.

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Shield tunneling is widely used in urban subway tunnel construction. Old urban underground pipelines generally have small leakages that are difficult to find. The water leakage significantly reduces the stability of the stratum, posing a threat to the safety of tunnel shield construction. Therefore, this study established 2D and 3D calculation models for analyzing the law of the leakage diffusion in the ground under water pressure, and the influences of the pipeline leakage range and leakage length on the changes in ground settlement during shield tunneling. The 2D model calculation results sh

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Zhang, Huijie, Maoliang Shen, Zhonggang Huo, Yibin Zhang, Longyong Shu, and Yang Li. "Research on Gas Drainage Pipeline Leakage Detection and Localization Based on the Pressure Gradient Method." Processes 12, no. 8 (2024): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12081590.

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Pipeline leakage seriously threatens the efficient and safe gas drainage in coal mines. To achieve the accurate detection and localization of gas drainage pipeline leakages, this study proposes a gas drainage pipeline leakage detection and localization approach based on the pressure gradient method. Firstly, the basic law of gas flow in the drainage pipeline was analyzed, and a pipeline network resistance correction formula was deduced based on the pressure gradient method. Then, a drainage pipeline model was established based on the realizable k-ε turbulence model, and the pressure and flow v

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Parrilla, Claudio, Ylenia Longobardi, Jacopo Galli, et al. "Periprosthetic Leakage in Tracheoesophageal Prosthesis: Proposal of a Standardized Therapeutic Algorithm." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 165, no. 3 (2021): 446–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820983343.

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Objective Periprosthetic leakage represents the most demanding long-term complication in the voice prosthesis rehabilitation. The aim of this article is to discuss the various causes of periprosthetic leakage and to propose a systematic management algorithm. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Otolaryngology clinic of the University Polyclinic A. Gemelli–IRCCS Foundation. Methods The study included 115 patients with voice prosthesis who were treated from December 2014 to December 2019. All patients who experienced periprosthetic leakage were treated with the same step-by-step ther

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Wong, Wai Peng, Hwee Chin Tan, Kim Hua Tan, and Ming-Lang Tseng. "Human factors in information leakage: mitigation strategies for information sharing integrity." Industrial Management & Data Systems 119, no. 6 (2019): 1242–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-12-2018-0546.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the human factors triggering information leakage and investigate how companies mitigate insider threat for information sharing integrity. Design/methodology/approach The methodology employed is multiple case studies approach with in-depth interviews with five multinational enterprises (MNEs)/multinational corporations (MNCs). Findings The findings reveal that information leakage can be approached with human governance mechanism such as organizational ethical climate and information security culture. Besides, higher frequency of leakages negativel

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Yang, Mingjun, Rui Jiang, Xinyuan Wu, and Zhongzhi Hu. "Numerical Estimation of Gas Release and Dispersion from a Submarine Pipeline." Processes 11, no. 4 (2023): 1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11041076.

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Submarine pipeline gas releases and dispersions can cause safety concerns such as fire and explosion, which can cause serious casualties and property losses. There are many existing studies on the impacts of the horizontal diffusion distances of natural gas leakages from subsea pipelines, but there is a lack of research on the impact of influencing factors on vertical diffusion distances. Therefore, a diffusion model of natural gas leakage from a submarine pipeline is established by using the computational fluid dynamics method (CFD). The influence law and degrees of factors such as water dept

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Gupta, A., N. Bokde, D. Marathe, and K. Kulat. "Leakage Reduction in Water Distribution Systems with Efficient Placement and Control of Pressure Reducing Valves Using Soft Computing Techniques." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 2 (2017): 1528–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1032.

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Reduction of leakages in a water distribution system (WDS) is one of the major concerns of water industries. Leakages depend on pressure, hence installing pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in the water network is a successful techniques for reducing leakages. Determining the number of valves, their locations, and optimal control setting are the challenges faced. This paper presents a new algorithm-based rule for determining the location of valves in a WDS having a variable demand pattern, which results in more favorable optimization of PRV localization than that caused by previous techniques. A

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Ahmed, Safuriyawu, Frédéric Le Mouël, Nicolas Stouls, and Gislain Lipeme Kouyi. "Development and Analysis of a Distributed Leak Detection and Localisation System for Crude Oil Pipelines." Sensors 23, no. 9 (2023): 4298. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094298.

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Crude oil leakages and spills (OLS) are some of the problems attributed to pipeline failures in the oil and gas industry’s midstream sector. Consequently, they are monitored via several leakage detection and localisation techniques (LDTs) comprising classical methods and, recently, Internet of Things (IoT)-based systems via wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although the latter techniques are proven to be more efficient, they are susceptible to other types of failures such as high false alarms or single point of failure (SPOF) due to their centralised implementations. Therefore, in this work, we

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Gupta, A., N. Bokde, D. Marathe, and K. Kulat. "Leakage Reduction in Water Distribution Systems with Efficient Placement and Control of Pressure Reducing Valves Using Soft Computing Techniques." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 2 (2017): 1528–34. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.571289.

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Reduction of leakages in a water distribution system (WDS) is one of the major concerns of water industries. Leakages depend on pressure, hence installing pressure reducing valves (PRVs) in the water network is a successful techniques for reducing leakages. Determining the number of valves, their locations, and optimal control setting are the challenges faced. This paper presents a new algorithm-based rule for determining the location of valves in a WDS having a variable demand pattern, which results in more favorable optimization of PRV localization than that caused by previous techniques. A

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Palm, Hans-Georg, Patricia Lang, Madlen Haentzsch, Benedikt Friemert, Carsten Hackenbroch, and Hans-Joachim Riesner. "Diagnostic Accuracy of Fluoroscopy, Radiography, and Computed Tomography in Detecting Cement Leakage in Kyphoplasty." Journal of Neurological Surgery Part A: Central European Neurosurgery 79, no. 06 (2018): 502–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1641734.

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Purpose Cement leakage is a typical complication of kyphoplasty for vertebral fractures. It is unclear if cement application intraoperatively can be improved by using other techniques of visualization and which kind of postoperative imaging should be recommended to detect cement extravasation accurately. Objective To compare the rates of cement leakage detected by intraoperative fluoroscopy, postoperative radiography, and postoperative computed tomography (CT) in a retrospective study. Patients and Methods The study included 78 patients (60 women and 18 men; 115 vertebral bodies) who were trea

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Georgy, Bassem. "Comparison Between Radiofrequency Targeted Vertebral Augmentation and Balloon Kyphoplasty in the Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures: Addressing Factors that Affect Cement Extravasation and Distribution." Pain Physician 5;16, no. 5;9 (2013): E513—E518. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2013/16/e513.

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Background: Both vertebroplasty and balloon kyphoplasty have been described for treatment of vertebral compression fractures. Vertebroplasty is known for its high leakage rate compared with balloon kyphoplasty. In vitro studies have shown that high-viscosity cements significantly decrease the incidence of cement leakage and increase the predictability of cement fill in cancellous bonelike substrates compared with low-viscosity cements. Objective: This study compares the incidence and pattern of cement leakage in cases treated with standard balloon kyphoplasty (BKP) and a novel vertebral augmen

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Kim, Jae Hun. "Epidural Blood Patch for the Treatment of Spontaneous and Iatrogenic Orthostatic Headache." Pain Physician 8;19, no. 8;11 (2016): E1115—E1122. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj/2016.19.e1115.

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Background: The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage could be happened spontaneously or related to the procedures such as spinal anesthesia, epidural anesthesia, CSF tapping, intrathecal chemotherapy or other spinal procedures. The leakage of CSF leads to intracranial hypotension of which distinguishing clinical feature is orthostatic headache. The epidural blood patch is a goldstandard treatment for intracranial hypotension-related orthostatic headaches. Objective: We conducted this study to compare the efficacy and number of epidural blood patches for spontaneous and iatrogenic orthostatic head

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Chen, Qiong, Zhizhong Kang, Zhen Cao, et al. "Combining Cylindrical Voxel and Mask R-CNN for Automatic Detection of Water Leakages in Shield Tunnel Point Clouds." Remote Sensing 16, no. 5 (2024): 896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs16050896.

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Water leakages can affect the safety and durability of shield tunnels, so rapid and accurate identification and diagnosis are urgently needed. However, current leakage detection methods are mostly based on mobile LiDAR data, making it challenging to detect leakage damage in both mobile and terrestrial LiDAR data simultaneously, and the detection results are not intuitive. Therefore, an integrated cylindrical voxel and Mask R-CNN method for water leakage inspection is presented in this paper. This method includes the following three steps: (1) a 3D cylindrical-voxel data organization structure

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