Journal articles on the topic 'Leafy vegetable'
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1
Smith, Francisca I., and P. Eyzaguirre. "African Leafy Vegetables: Their Role in the World Health Organization’s Global Fruit and Vegetables Initiative." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7, no. 14 (May 28, 2007): 01–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.14.ipgri1-1.
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The increased awareness of the health protecting properties of non-nutrient bio-active compounds found in fruits and vegetables, has directed immense attention to vegetables as vital components of daily diets. For sub-Saharan African (SSA) populations, this attention on vegetables as vital dietary component s is significant, as leafy vegetables have long been known to be indispensable ingredients in traditional sauces that accompany carbohydrate staples. African indigenous and traditional leafy vegetables thus have a pivotal role in the success of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global initiative on fruits and vegetables consumption in the sub-continent. The joint WHO/FAO 2004 report on a Global Strategy on Diet, Physical Activity and Health, recommended a minimum daily intake of 400g of fruits and vegetables. Also, at their 2004 joint Kobe workshop, the WHO and FAO developed a framework that proposes ways to promote increased production, availability and access, and adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables. This framework is expected to guide the development of cost-efficient and effective interventions for the promotion of adequate consumption of fruits and vegetables at the national and sub-national level. This paper explores ways to integrate African indigenous leafy vegetables into the global fruit and vegetable programme initiative, and identifies some existing barriers to their effective mobilization. African Leafy Vegetables are increasingly recognized as possible contributors of both micronutrients and bio-active compounds to the diets of populations in Africa. Available data on the more commonly consumed varieties point to antioxidants containing leafy vegetables that can also provide significant amounts of beta carotene, iron, calcium and zinc to daily diets. How can the successful Nairobi leafy vegetable experience, be mainstreamed across the sub- continent to ensure their mobilization and integration in WHO’s fruit and vegetable initiative? The Kobe framework recommends that fruit and vegetable promotion interventions should consider the process from production to consumption. Very little is known about the production and consumption of African Leafy Vegetables. An expert report on patterns of vegetable consumption in the sub- continent lists common vegetables as onions , carrots, tomatoes and cabbage. Clearly, information on production, processing, distribution and marketing, preparation and consumption of vegetable species relevant to SSA, are vital and constitute the prop on which intervention programmes can be developed. Through its long collaboration with national governments, Bioversity International is well placed to catalyze the process of data generation and dissemination by countries in the sub-continent.
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HERMAN, K. M., A. J. HALL, and L. H. GOULD. "Outbreaks attributed to fresh leafy vegetables, United States, 1973–2012." Epidemiology and Infection 143, no. 14 (February 20, 2015): 3011–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268815000047.
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SUMMARYLeafy vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet; however, they have been associated with high-profile outbreaks causing severe illnesses. We reviewed leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks reported to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention between 1973 and 2012. During the study period, 606 leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks, with 20 003 associated illnesses, 1030 hospitalizations, and 19 deaths were reported. On average, leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks were larger than those attributed to other food types. The pathogens that most often caused leafy vegetable-associated outbreaks were norovirus (55% of outbreaks with confirmed aetiology), Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (18%), and Salmonella (11%). Most outbreaks were attributed to food prepared in a restaurant or catering facility (85%). An ill food worker was implicated as the source of contamination in 31% of outbreaks. Efforts by local, state, and federal agencies to control leafy vegetable contamination and outbreaks should span from the point of harvest to the point of preparation.
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Song, Xiao-yan, Bao-lin Liu, and Ganesh K. Jaganathan. "Temperature Distribution Pattern of Brassica chinensis during Vacuum Cooling." Journal of Food Processing 2016 (February 28, 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8247085.
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The temperature distribution of leafy vegetables is often less uniform than that of other vegetables during the vacuum cooling process, a factor that can cause undesired effects such as frostbite. Brassica chinensis, a type of classical leafy vegetable, was used as a model in this paper to optimize vacuum cooling technology for the whole and fresh-cut leafy vegetables. We found that noticeable temperature differences between the leaf and the petiole occurred, which resulted from their structural difference. Temperature variations of different parts of the leaf were also observed, indicating that cooling rate of leaf margin was quicker than the other parts. Our experiments show that using a moderate volumetric displacement of the chamber (0.033 s−1) is beneficial for obtaining a relative uniform temperature distribution of the leaf part.
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Karmakar, Kamal, Tanvir Muslim, and Md Azizur Rahman. "Chemical Composition of Some Leafy Vegetables of Bangladesh." Dhaka University Journal of Science 61, no. 2 (November 19, 2013): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v61i2.17070.
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The chemical composition, such as water, ash, iron and total vitamin C content, of 28 green leafy vegetables were analyzed in this investigation. The water content of the leafy vegetables varied between 83.8 to 95.5 g/100 g fresh vegetable sample. The ash content of the samples varied between 8.0 to 22.6 g /100 g of dry vegetable powder. The iron content of the leafy vegetables varied from 11.8 to 78.2 mg/100 g of dry sample and the total vitamin C content varied from 191.5 to 21.6 mg/100 g of fresh sample. These findings conclusively suggest that the locally available leafy vegetables are good source of water, minerals, iron and vitamin C. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v61i2.17070 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 61(2): 199-201, 2013 (July)
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Ma, Chin H., and Manuel C. Palada. "(224) In Situ N Monitoring for Safe Leafy Vegetables using Quick and Advanced Tools." HortScience 40, no. 4 (July 2005): 1074D—1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1074d.
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High levels of N fertilizers are generally applied in intensive leafy vegetable production in the peri-urban agriculture of Southeast Asia. This study was conducted to develop a simple and rapid method of determining nitrate-N accumulation in selected leafy vegetables. Five leafy vegetables, including amaranth (Amaranthus tricolor), kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica), Ethiopian kale (Brassica carinata), choysum (Brassica campestris sp. parachinensis), and leafy lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were grown on raised beds in 32-mesh nethouse in randomized complete-block design with four replications. The crops were fertilized with eight N levels: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 kg·ha-1 in three splits. At harvest, nitrate contents were determined in tissue sap of fully expanded leaf blades, petioles and whole plant using a Cardy nitrate meter. Chlorophyll content readings were also measured on the same leaf using a chlorophyll meter. Nitrate accumulations varied with vegetable species. Significant correlations (P< 0.001) existed between N fertilizer rate and nitrate content as well as leaf chlorophyll and yield. Using N application rate of 200 kg·ha-1, nitrate accumulation in Ethiopian kale was highest (7000 ppm), followed by kangkong (4000 ppm), amaranth (3500 ppm), and leafy lettuce (1200 ppm). The correlation between leaf chlorophyll meter reading (LCMR) and nitrate content was also significant (P< 0.001), suggesting the feasibility of using Cardy nitrate meter test and LCMR for monitoring production of low-nitrate and safe vegetables. The Cardy meter was also sensitive in detecting soil nitrate-N below 20 ppm and is a rapid and reliable alternative to conventional distillation method.
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Buzdar, Salah Udin, Syed Muhammad Khair, and Syed Munawar Shah. "Consumers’ Willingness to Pay for Fresh-Water Grown Leafy Vegetables." Journal of Applied Economics and Business Studies 4, no. 4 (December 31, 2020): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.34260/jaebs.446.
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Wastewater-grown vegetables are responsible for various diseases whereas freshwater-grown vegetables are comparatively expensive. This paper examines consumers’ willingness to pay for freshwater grown leafy vegetables, such as, cauliflower, spinach and salad. For this purpose, a survey was conducted in five selected areas of Quetta city using contingent valuation method and 255 vegetable-consumers were questioned directly with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire. The results indicate that most of the vegetable consumers (87-88%) are willing to pay extra amounts for FWGV. On average, a vegetable consumer is willing to pay 27.4%, 43% and 52% more than the original price for the three leafy vegetables (cauliflowers, salads and spinaches, respectively). The factors such as household income, level of education, awareness, use of freshwater-grown vegetables and employment were identified as determinants of consumers’ willingness to pay for FWGV. The study results reveal a high willingness to pay for FWGV by the vegetable consumers and suggests a comprehensive strategy on the part of the government to overcome the problem of wastewater-grown vegetables (WWGV).
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Kougblénou, Sylvain Daton, Alidéhou Jerrold Agbankpé, Justin Gbèssohélé Béhanzin, Tamègnon Victorien Dougnon, Alidah Victonie Aniambossou, Lamine Baba-Moussa, and Honoré Sourou Bankolé. "Microbiological Safety of Leafy Vegetables Produced at Houeyiho and Sèmè-Kpodji Vegetable Farms in Southern Benin: Risk Factors for Campylobacter spp." International Journal of Food Science 2019 (December 16, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8942608.
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Foodborne infections, mainly those attributable to Campylobacter, are one of the most common causes of intestinal diseases, of bacterial origin in humans. Although the vehicle of transmission is not always identified, the most common vehicles are poultry, poultry products, and contaminated water. In Southern Benin, an excessive use of poultry manure as fertilizer in vegetable farms was noted. This survey aimed to determine the prevalence and concentration of Campylobacter spp., especially Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, in selected environmental samples (poultry manure, and irrigation water) and freshly harvested leafy vegetables in two (Houeyiho and Sèmè-Kpodji) vegetable farms in southern Benin. To achieve this objective, we analyzed 280 samples, including 224 samples of leafy vegetables (Solanum macrocarpon and Lactuca sativa capita), 28 samples of irrigation water, and 28 samples of poultry manure. The analysis of the samples taken was carried out according to the modified NF EN ISO 10272-1 standard. Of the 280 samples analyzed in this survey, 63 were positive for Campylobacter contamination. For leafy vegetable samples analyzed in this survey, the contamination rate was of 15.63%. 60.71% of poultry manure samples analyzed were contaminated with Campylobacter spp. and 39.29% of irrigation water samples were contaminated. The statistical analysis of these results showed that there is a correlation between the contamination of leafy vegetables, poultry manure, and irrigations (p<0.01). Campylobacter jejuni (53.97%) was more involved in contaminations than Campylobacter coli (36.57%). This study has shown that there is a real risk of food poisoning by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli among consumers of leafy vegetables in southern Benin. The origin of contamination of these leafy vegetables is poultry manure used as fertilizer in vegetable gardens and irrigation water used.
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Hart, Alexander D., Azubuike CU, Barimalaa IS, and SC Achinewhu. "Vegetable Consumption Pattern of Households in Selected Areas of the old Rivers State in Nigeria." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 5, no. 8 (April 25, 2005): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.8.1365.
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The vegetable consumption pattern of households in selected areas in the old Rivers State (now Rivers and Bayelsa States) in Nigeria was investigated. Areas studied were Port Harcourt the State capital, Igwuruta, Ahoada and Kaiama. Results showed that mothers consumed 59 ± 0.45g to 130 ± 2.04g/person/day of vegetables between the months of May and July, the peak season of vegetable production. Factors that influenced vegetable consumption were found to be chiefly season and culture. Other factors were availability/price for 43.8% of households in Kaiama, a riverine community, while taste and nutrition knowledge wielded minor influences. Leafy vegetables were consumed at least four times per week in Igwuruta and Port Harcourt, while households in Ahoada and Kaiama, where culture had strong influence, consumed them only occasionally. Vegetables consumed were mainly pumpkin leaves (Telfairia occidentialis) and okro (Abelmoschus esculentus) in areas where season played a strong role. In areas where culture had a strong influence, bitterleaf, a leafy vegetable that undergoes rigorous process of squeezing and washing and is only scantly used in soups, was the vegetable of choice. Other vegetables less frequently consumed were Amaranthus hybridus, Pterocarpus spp., Gnetum africanum and Piper guineense leaves. These were used chiefly in various soup dishes eaten as accompaniments with the starchy staples. Other dishes in which leafy vegetables were consumed were pottage in those areas of high vegetable consumption, and occasionally in stew by all households investigated. Household size of 5 to 8 persons consumed their soup dishes between two and four days, while larger households of nine and above ate their soups in one day. However, households with deep freezer facilities stored their soup dishes for up to seven days. In spite of the reasonable consumption of vegetables during the peak season of production, reports of micronutrient deficiencies in Nigeria are rife, indicating a need for intervention. Possible reasons for the high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies are seasonal variations in vegetable production, inadequate processing and preservation of vegetables for all year distribution and culture which may limit adequate consumption of leafy vegetables even when they are in abundance. This situation underscores the need for nutrition education, coupled with a program on dietary diversification to create awareness, increase production, processing, preservation and consumption of vegetables.
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Hart, Alexander D., Azubuike CU, Barimalaa IS, and SC Achinewhu. "Vegetable Consumption Pattern of Households in Selected Areas of the old Rivers State in Nigeria." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 5, no. 8 (April 25, 2005): 01–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.8.1365.
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The vegetable consumption pattern of households in selected areas in the old Rivers State (now Rivers and Bayelsa States) in Nigeria was investigated. Areas studied were Port Harcourt the State capital, Igwuruta, Ahoada and Kaiama. Results showed that mothers consumed 59 ± 0.45g to 130 ± 2.04g/person/day of vegetables between the months of May and July, the peak season of vegetable production. Factors that influenced vegetable consumption were found to be chiefly season and culture. Other factors were availability/price for 43.8% of households in Kaiama, a riverine community, while taste and nutrition knowledge wielded minor influences. Leafy vegetables were consumed at least four times per week in Igwuruta and Port Harcourt, while households in Ahoada and Kaiama, where culture had strong influence, consumed them only occasionally. Vegetables consumed were mainly pumpkin leaves (Telfairia occidentialis) and okro (Abelmoschus esculentus) in areas where season played a strong role. In areas where culture had a strong influence, bitterleaf, a leafy vegetable that undergoes rigorous process of squeezing and washing and is only scantly used in soups, was the vegetable of choice. Other vegetables less frequently consumed were Amaranthus hybridus, Pterocarpus spp., Gnetum africanum and Piper guineense leaves. These were used chiefly in various soup dishes eaten as accompaniments with the starchy staples. Other dishes in which leafy vegetables were consumed were pottage in those areas of high vegetable consumption, and occasionally in stew by all households investigated. Household size of 5 to 8 persons consumed their soup dishes between two and four days, while larger households of nine and above ate their soups in one day. However, households with deep freezer facilities stored their soup dishes for up to seven days. In spite of the reasonable consumption of vegetables during the peak season of production, reports of micronutrient deficiencies in Nigeria are rife, indicating a need for intervention. Possible reasons for the high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies are seasonal variations in vegetable production, inadequate processing and preservation of vegetables for all year distribution and culture which may limit adequate consumption of leafy vegetables even when they are in abundance. This situation underscores the need for nutrition education, coupled with a program on dietary diversification to create awareness, increase production, processing, preservation and consumption of vegetables.
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Sam, Luong Hong, and Tran Anh Son. "A Study on Application of Ultrasonic Wave and Ozone Micro-Bubbles in Leafy Vegetables Washing." Key Engineering Materials 863 (September 2020): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.863.79.
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The demand for vegetable consumption is essential issue to serve citizens. Excessive protective chemical elimination which is applied advanced solutions brings high effects being investigated by domestic and international scientists. In this report, research team conducted and designed the vegetable washing machine integrated with the ultrasonic power and Ozone microbubbles to wash out plentiful protective chemicals attaching to surfaces of leafy vegetables. Followingly, using Taguchi method for four kinds of vegetables including salad, water spinach, Chinese cabbage, and mustard greens verifies the effectiveness of solutions. Vegetable samples are treated soaking pool making ultrasonic wave and Ozone microbubbles raging from 1.0ppm to 2.0ppm. The practical results demonstrated that the method using the ultrasonic power and Ozone microbubbles has high effects on eradicating protective chemical on leafy vegetables.
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Choi, Jong Woo, and Chengyan Yue. "Investigating the impact of maximum residue limit standards on the vegetable trade in Japan." International Food and Agribusiness Management Review 20, no. 1 (February 7, 2017): 159–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22434/ifamr2016.0002.
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Countries have become increasingly concerned about the safety of their food. Many countries have imposed standards on both domestically produced and imported food. In particular, countries have implemented regulations to control the quantity and quality of vegetable imports. Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) standards are one of the main restrictions adopted by numerous countries. Japan has one of the strictest MRL standards in the world. This study builds on previous studies to explore the impact of MRL standards on Japanese vegetable imports. Gravity models are used to analyze how MRL standards influence the Japanese imports of different types of vegetables (fruit vegetables, leafy vegetables, bulb vegetable, and root vegetables). The results reveal that the trade impacts of MRL standards are different for different types of vegetables, with the most significant impact on imports of leafy and fruit vegetables and the least significant impact on imports of bulb vegetables.
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Santos, Juliana Santiago, Cristina Atsumi Kuba, Francislaine Anelize Garcia Santos, Aline Da Silveira Batista, Stênio Clemente Paião Sitolino, Ana Caroliny Carrion Pereira, Rogério Giuffrida, and Vamilton Alvares Santarém. "Parasitological analysis of green leaf lettuce cultivated in different production systems." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 801. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n2p801.
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This study analysed parasite contamination in green leaf lettuce (Lactuca sativa), grown in different cultivation systems (conventional, organic, and hydroponic), from a family farmer cooperative in the municipality of Presidente Prudente, São Paulo, Brazil. Samples were collected at weekly intervals during five months, totalling 180 vegetable samples (60 samples of leaf lettuce from each cultivation system). Lettuce leaves were washed with 0.5% Extran MA 02, and the resulting fluid subjected to sedimentation and centrifugal flotation for recovery of parasite structures. Overall, 71 samples (39.4%) were contaminated with at least one parasite structure, 34 (47.9%) from lettuce grown in the hydroponic system, 20 (28.2%) from the organic system, and 17 (23.9%) from the conventional system. Entamoeba spp. cysts were the most common parasite structures found in the leafy vegetables, with the highest cyst counts found in the hydroponic system (p = 0.003). It is concluded that, regardless of the cultivation system (conventional, organic, or hydroponic), there is a possibility of green leaf lettuce contamination by intestinal parasites. Measures that improve sanitary conditions during production, as well as proper hygiene during the preparation of raw leafy vegetables, may be important to reduce contamination and consequent transmission of parasite diseases from raw leafy vegetable consumption.
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Guarise, Marta, Gigliola Borgonovo, Angela Bassoli, and Antonio Ferrante. "Evaluation of Two Wild Populations of Hedge Mustard (Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop.) as a Potential Leafy Vegetable." Horticulturae 5, no. 1 (February 1, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5010013.
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The minimally processed industry is always looking for produce innovation that can satisfy consumer needs. Wild leafy vegetables can be a good source of bioactive compounds and can be attractive for the consumer in term of visual appearance and taste. In this work, Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop., commonly called hedge mustard, was grown in a greenhouse and evaluated as a potential leafy vegetable. Two wild populations, Milano (MI) and Bergamo (BG), were grown in peat substrate and harvested at the commercial stage for the minimally processing industry. Leaf pigments such as chlorophyll and carotenoids were determined as well as chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters. Total sugars, antioxidant compounds such as ascorbic acid, phenolic index, total phenols, anthocyanins, and nitrate were determined at harvest. Significant differences between wild populations were found in April with higher nitrate content in BG, 2865 mg/kg FW than in MI, 1770 mg/kg FW. The nitrate levels of S. officinale measured in the present study are significantly lower than the maximum NO₃ level allowed in other fresh leafy vegetables. Ascorbic acid measured in November was higher in MI compared BG with values of 54.4 versus 34.6 mg/100 g FW, respectively. The chlorophyll a fluorescence data showed that BG reached optimal leaf functionality faster than MI. Overall results indicated that Sisymbrium officinale (L.) Scop. can be suggested as a potential leafy vegetable for the minimally processed industry.
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Phungamngoen, Chanthima, and Sriwiang Rittisak. "Surface Characteristics of Leafy Vegetables and Their Effects on Salmonella Attachment." E3S Web of Conferences 141 (2020): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014103002.
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Leafy vegetables exhibit non-uniform surfaces and are structured with interconnected networks of veinlets or wrinkle characteristics, making the quantification of the changes rather difficult. In this study, attempt was made to quantify the surface topographical features of leafy vegetable. Image analysis was used to determine the characteristic of vegetable surface. In term of surface area (A), the results were compared with those correlated with the data obtained by a conventional measurement method. It was also performed to determine fractal dimension (FD) and roughness value (R) to describe the behavior of bacteria attached on the vegetable surface. The results showed that different leafy vegetable (basil, lemon basil, peppermint and cabbage) did not have a significant effect on Salmonella attached on surface. Dorsal side (upper side) of leaves exhibited higher R and lower FD than ventral side (lower side). It led to number of Salmonella attached on upper side of leaves showed higher than their lower side. From Pearson’s correlation, FD could relate well with the number of Salmonella attached on surface of vegetable. FD showed the highest correlation (-0.78-(-0.97)) follow by A (0.77-0.86) and R (0.61-0.87), respectively. Therefore, the parameters from image analysis were found to be good indicator to describe the physical characteristics of leafy vegetable.
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Lu, Bu, and Lu. "Estimating Chlorophyll Content of Leafy Green Vegetables from Adaxial and Abaxial Reflectance." Sensors 19, no. 19 (September 20, 2019): 4059. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19194059.
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As a primary pigment of leafy green vegetables, chlorophyll plays a major role in indicating vegetable growth status. The application of hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance offers a quick and nondestructive method to estimate the chlorophyll content of vegetables. Reflectance of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces from three common leafy green vegetables: Pakchoi var. Shanghai Qing (Brassica chinensis L. var. Shanghai Qing), Chinese white cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. Chinensis Makino var. communis Tsen et Lee), and Romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa var longifoliaf. Lam) were measured to estimate the leaf chlorophyll content. Modeling based on spectral indices and the partial least squares regression (PLS) was tested using the reflectance data from the two surfaces (adaxial and abaxial) of leaves in the datasets of each individual vegetable and the three vegetables combined. The PLS regression model showed the highest accuracy in estimating leaf chlorophyll content of pakchoi var. Shanghai Qing (R2 = 0.809, RMSE = 62.44 mg m−2), Chinese white cabbage (R2 = 0.891, RMSE = 45.18 mg m−2) and Romaine lettuce (R2 = 0.834, RMSE = 38.58 mg m−2) individually as well as of the three vegetables combined (R2 = 0.811, RMSE = 55.59 mg m−2). The good predictability of the PLS regression model is considered to be due to the contribution of more spectral bands applied in it than that in the spectral indices. In addition, both the uninformative variable elimination PLS (UVE-PLS) technique and the best performed spectral index: MDATT, showed that the red-edge region (680–750 nm) was effective in estimating the chlorophyll content of vegetables with reflectance from two leaf surfaces. The combination of the PLS regression model and the red-edge region are insensitive to the difference between the adaxial and abaxial leaf structure and can be used for estimating the chlorophyll content of leafy green vegetables accurately.
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Ke, Shun Kui, Lei Li, Yu Bin Miao, and Dan Feng Huang. "A PDA-Based Solution for the Realization of Green Leafy Vegetable Water-Fertilizer System." Advanced Materials Research 366 (October 2011): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.366.76.
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Water-fertilizer management is one of the most important parts in the realization of green leafy vegetables precise cultivation. This paper mainly focus on the problem of manual records are time-consuming and difficult to maintain, introduced to apply Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) into the whole process of green leafy vegetables water-fertilizer management. By the methods of real-time gaining of the site environment data, dynamical identifying the greenhouse ID and long-distance data transmission between PDA and database server water-fertilizer management in the green leafy vegetables production can be realized. The results show that the efficiency of green leafy vegetable water-fertilizer management can be improved by PDA-based solution.
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Olagherea, Ivie L., Kehinde K. Osasona, and Latifah J. Issa. "Climate-smart agricultural practice usage and profitability of dry season leafy vegetable farmers in some selected LGAs in Kwara State." Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 15, no. 3 (November 19, 2020): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v15i3.2.
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This paper sought to assess the CSAP used among dry season leafy vegetable farmers, estimate the profitability, and identifythe constraints faced in the usage of CSAP. Data were collected from 120 randomly selected farmers. Descriptive statistics,net profit analysis, and Likert-type scale were used for data analyses. Crop rotation was the most prevalent practice while,terracing was the least used. The farmers spent almost half of their gross receipts from leafy vegetable production asoperating expenses while yet still guaranteed to get 83 kobo on every one naira invested. The absence of conservative watermanagement practices was the most severe constraint among the farmers. The study concluded that all the respondents usedat least one CSAP and leafy vegetable production was profitable. It was recommended that the usage of CSAP could beincreased among the farmers by motivating farmer trainers to train more groups and support the farmers with improvedseeds and other necessary resources.
Keywords: climate change, constraints, leafy vegetables, mitigation strategies, return to capital invested
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Chen, Guo-Chong, Woon-Puay Koh, Jian-Min Yuan, Li-Qiang Qin, and Rob M. van Dam. "Green leafy and cruciferous vegetable consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from the Singapore Chinese Health Study and meta-analysis." British Journal of Nutrition 119, no. 9 (February 19, 2018): 1057–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114518000119.
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AbstractSeveral previous prospective studies suggest that consumption of green leafy and cruciferous vegetables may lower the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We investigated the association between consumption of different types of vegetables in relation to T2D risk in an Asian Population. We included 45 411 participants (age range: 45–74 years) of the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) free of diabetes, cancer or CVD at baseline (1993–1998). Dietary information was collected using a validated FFQ. Physician-diagnosed incident diabetes was reported at follow-up I (1999–2004) and II (2006–2010) interviews. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95 % CI of T2D risk. An updated meta-analysis was also conducted to summarise results for green leafy and cruciferous vegetables. During 494 741 person-years of follow-up, 5207 incident T2D occurred. After adjustment for potential confounders, neither total vegetables (top v. bottom quintile HR=1·08; 95 % CI 0·98, 1·18, Ptrend=0·66) nor specific vegetables including dark green leafy vegetables (HR=1·05; 95 % CI 0·96, 1·15, Ptrend=0·21) and cruciferous vegetables (HR=0·97; 95 % CI 0·88, 1·06, Ptrend=0·29) were substantially associated with risk of T2D. A meta-analysis (eleven studies with 754 729 participants and 58 297 cases) including the SCHS and all previous prospective studies suggested borderline significant inverse associations between green leafy (summary relative risk (RR)=0·91; 95 % CI 0·84, 1·00) and cruciferous vegetable consumption (RR=0·87; 95 % CI 0·76, 1·00) and T2D risk, with moderate-to-high heterogeneity. In conclusion, green leafy or cruciferous vegetable consumption was not substantially associated with risk of T2D in an Asian population. Meta-analysis of available cohort data indicated that evidence for a beneficial effect of green leafy or cruciferous vegetable consumption on T2D risk is not convincing.
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Joseph, Salikutty, and K. V. Peter. "Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii), perennial, nutritious, leafy vegetable." Economic Botany 39, no. 1 (January 1985): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02861176.
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Agarwal, Puja, Todd Beck, Klodian Dhana, Xiaoran Liu, Kumar Rajan, Christy Tangney, Yanyu Zhang, and Lisa Barnes. "Racial Differences in the Association of Fruit and Vegetable Intake With Cognitive Decline." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 782. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac064.001.
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Abstract Objectives Diet has been shown to be related to slower cognitive decline but there is limited knowledge on whether this relationship varies across race. Given the higher risk of cognitive impairment among African Americans (AA), diet could be a modifiable risk factor in this population. In this study, we examined racial differences (AA vs others) in the association of fruit (total fruits; berries) and vegetable (total vegetables; green leafy) intake with cognitive decline. Methods Analyses included 5423 participants of the Chicago Health and Aging Project (62% African American, 63% women, age = 73.6 (±6.1) years, education = 12.5 (±3.5) years) who completed a food frequency questionnaire and had at least two cognitive assessments (for each, a composite of 4 cognitive tests) for an average follow-up of 7.8 (±4.6) years. We used mixed models adjusted for age, sex, education, race, cognitive activities, physical activity, and total calories. Subsequent models tested interactions of diet (fruits and vegetables) with race, and models were race-stratified if p for interaction ≤0.05. Results Compared to NHW, AA had a lower (p < 0.0001) intake of total fruits, berries, and vegetables but a similar green leafy intake (p = 0.94). At baseline those in the highest quintile of vegetable (β = 0.126, p < 0.0001) and green leafy (β = 0.094, p = 0.0001) intake had better cognitive scores compared to those at the lowest quintile. During follow-up, vegetable intake in the overall population was associated with slower cognitive decline (Q5(4 servings/day) vs. Q1(<1 serving day) = β = 0.011, p = 0.02) and the association for green leafy intake (>1 serving/day vs. once/week) showed a trend (p = 0.08). There were no racial differences in the associations for vegetable and green leafy intake, however, the berry*race interaction was significant (p = 0.05). In stratified models, berry (≥once a week vs. less: β = 0.016, p = 0.01) intake was related to slower cognitive decline, but only in AA. Fruit intake was not associated with cognitive decline in either group. Conclusions Vegetable and green leafy intake may slow cognitive decline in older adults. Increasing berry intake may be an important public health intervention for brain health, particularly among African Americans. Funding Sources Alzheimer's Association and NIA.
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Oyebanji, AO, ON Ubani, JO Williams, MA Adesida, and SA Olahan. "Storability ofAmaranthus leafy vegetable in different vegetable boxes." Tropical Science 44, no. 2 (June 2004): 55–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ts.134.
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Ejoh, Richard A., Joseph T. Dever, Jordan P. Mills, and Sherry A. Tanumihardjo. "Small quantities of carotenoid-rich tropical green leafy vegetables indigenous to Africa maintain vitamin A status in Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus)." British Journal of Nutrition 103, no. 11 (April 23, 2010): 1594–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114509993588.
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Leafy vegetables are important sources of provitamin A carotenoids. Information on their ability to provide vitamin A is often misleading because of the methodology used to assess bioefficacy. Mongolian gerbils were used to evaluate the bioefficacy of provitamin A carotenoids in tropical leafy vegetables (i.e. Solanum nigrum, Moringa oleifera, Vernonia calvoana and Hibiscus cannabinus) that are indigenous to Africa. Gerbils (n 67) were vitamin A-depleted for 5 weeks. After a baseline kill (n 7), the gerbils were weight-matched and assigned to six treatment groups (n 10; four vegetable groups; negative and positive controls). For 4 weeks, the treatments included 35 nmol vitamin A (theoretical concentrations based on 100 % bioefficacy) in the form of vegetables or retinyl acetate. In addition to their diets, the control and vegetable groups received daily doses of oil, while the vitamin A group received retinyl acetate in oil matched to prior day intake. Serum and livers were analysed for vitamin A using HPLC. Serum retinol concentrations did not differ among groups, but total liver vitamin A of the vitamin A and vegetable groups were higher than that of the negative control group (P < 0·0001). Liver β-carotene 15,15′-monooxygenase-1 expression levels were determined for two vegetable groups and were similar to the positive and negative controls. Conversion factors for the different leafy vegetables were between 1·9 and 2·3 μg β-carotene equivalents to 1 μg retinol. Small quantities of these vegetables maintained vitamin A status in gerbils through efficient bioconversion of β-carotene to retinol.
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Handriatni, Ari. "PEMODELAN SISTEM HIDROPONIK APUNG, SEBAGAI UPAYA BUDIDAYA TANAMAN SAYURAN DAUN, DI WILAYAH PESISIR TERDAMPAK ROB DAN SALIN." Pena Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi 35, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31941/jurnalpena.v35i1.1349.
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Vegetable plants are plants that are popular with people, apart from tasting good when cooked, they can also be used as fresh vegetables, containing nutritional values, such as vitamins and minerals. This study aims to obtain a modeling system for leaf vegetable cultivation in coastal areas inundated by rob and saline and a formula to suppress extreme climatic conditions. The research method is a qualitative descriptive method, based on data from several research results. From several previous research results, it shows that the cultivation of leaf vegetables in coastal areas inundated by rob and saline can be overcome by modeling a floating hydroponic system, a formula for suppressing extreme climates using a nutrient concentration of 2000 ppm, media of husk or rockwall charcoal, wicks with cloth. flannel, the type of nutrition using AB mix Goodplant and the number of seeds of one seed per hole. Types of leafy vegetables that are suitable are kale and pakcoy. The variables observed included the growth components of leaf vegetable plants which showed very significant differences in the treatment given.
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ZHENG, JIE, SHIYI OU, HANYING DUAN, XUESONG HUANG, LIANG FU, SHUZE TANG, and JIANZHONG WU. "PREPARATION OF LEAFY VEGETABLE PAPER." Journal of Food Processing and Preservation 34 (August 25, 2009): 519–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4549.2009.00367.x.
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Baruwa, O. I., and C. A. Adesina. "Economics of Leafy Vegetable Production." International Journal of Vegetable Science 19, no. 1 (January 2013): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315260.2012.663069.
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Wijeyaratne, W. M. Dimuthu Nilmini, and E. A. Charuni Sewwandi Kumari. "Cadmium, Chromium, and Lead Uptake Associated Health Risk Assessment of Alternanthera sessilis: A Commonly Consumed Green Leafy Vegetable." Journal of Toxicology 2021 (May 17, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9936254.
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Green leafy vegetables are becoming increasingly popular in the developing countries due to their high nutritious value, common availability, and low cost. However, no studies have assessed the health risks associated with consumption of fresh green leafy vegetables. The present study assessed Cd, Cr, and Pb associated health risks in a commonly consumed green leafy vegetable in developing countries, Alternanthera sessilis. The Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations in roots, leaves, and root zone soil of Alternanthera sessilis harvested from organic and non-organic cultivations were measured. The results indicated that Cd, Cr, and Pb concentrations in roots and leaves of Alternanthera sessilis exceeded the WHO/FAO safe limits for human consumption. Further, bioconcentration factor, soil to root, and root to leaf translocation factors indicated a potential of hyperaccumulating Cd in roots and leaves of Alternanthera sessilis. However, the target hazard quotients for Cd, Cr, and Pb were less than 1 indicating negligible health hazard associated with long time consumption of Alternanthera sessilis.
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Ahmed, M., and K. Kurosawa. "Arsenic Contamination of Water-Soil-Crop System in an Industrial Area of Bangladesh." International Journal of Environment 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2017): 76–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v6i1.16869.
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The arsenic (As) concentrations of irrigation water, soils and vegetables were investigated in an agricultural section of Gazipur industrial area in Bangladesh, where industrial wastewater is mixed with irrigation water. The results showed that the mean As concentration of the irrigation water (0.16-0.62 mg L-1) exceeded the permissible limit for agricultural purposes recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization (0.10 mg L-1). The mean As concentration of soils (6.48-9.75 mg kg-1) did not exceed the tolerable limit for agricultural soils recommended by the FAO (20.0 mg kg-1). While, the As concentration of the respective vegetables in average varied from 0.63 to 1.07 mg kg-1 dry weight, and the highest As concentration in average was observed in taro root (1.26-2.31 mg kg-1), followed by helencha leaf (1.85-2.02 mg kg-1). The average As concentration of root vegetables (1.84 mg kg-1) exceeded the permissible limit of 1.0 mg kg-1 suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization, while that of leafy (0.77 mg kg-1) and fruit vegetables (0.14 mg kg-1) did not exceed the limit. Soils irrigated with As containing water that holds much amount of As showed a positive correlation with the vegetable As concentration. A decrease in the As concentration from soil to vegetable was found in root, leafy and fruit vegetables. However, the vegetables were not safe for human consumption. Some countermeasures are, therefore, necessary to reduce the vegetable As concentration.INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENT Volume-6, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2016/17, page: 76-86
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Yang, Zishang, and Yuxing Han. "A Low-Cost 3D Phenotype Measurement Method of Leafy Vegetables Using Video Recordings from Smartphones." Sensors 20, no. 21 (October 25, 2020): 6068. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216068.
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Leafy vegetables are an essential source of the various nutrients that people need in their daily lives. The quantification of vegetable phenotypes and yield estimation are prerequisites for the selection of genetic varieties and for the improvement of planting methods. The traditional method is manual measurement, which is time-consuming and cumbersome. Therefore, there is a need for efficient and convenient in situ vegetable phenotype identification methods to provide data support for breeding research and for crop yield monitoring, thereby increasing vegetable yield. In this paper, a novel approach was developed for the in-situ determination of the three-dimensional (3D) phenotype of vegetables by recording video clips using smartphones. First, a smartphone was used to record the vegetable from different angles, and then the key frame containing the crop area in the video was obtained using an algorithm based on the vegetation index and scale-invariant feature transform algorithm (SIFT) matching. After obtaining the key frame, a dense point cloud of the vegetables was reconstructed using the Structure from Motion (SfM) method, and then the segmented point cloud and a point cloud skeleton were obtained using the clustering algorithm. Finally, the plant height, leaf number, leaf length, leaf angle, and other phenotypic parameters were obtained through the point cloud and point cloud skeleton. Comparing the obtained phenotypic parameters to the manual measurement results, the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of the plant height, leaf number, leaf length, and leaf angle were 1.82, 1.57, 2.43, and 4.7, respectively. The measurement accuracy of each indicators is greater than 80%. The results show that the proposed method provides a convenient, fast, and low-cost 3D phenotype measurement pipeline. Compared to other methods based on photogrammetry, this method does not need a labor-intensive image-capturing process and can reconstruct a high-quality point cloud model by directly recording videos of crops.
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Onyango, Bethwell O., and Ekisa Olaimer-Anyara. "The Value of Leafy Vegetables: An Exploration of African Folklore." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 7, no. 14 (May 28, 2007): 01–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.14.ipgri1-10.
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Indigenous Leafy Vegetables foods have an exceptional place in African cuisine. It is commonly argued that vegetable consumption reflects cultural backgrounds and their value transcends a biological one, as food, to symbolism enhancing the functioning of society and promoting social order. This study set to determine species use, folkloric dimensions and taste preferences in a rural East African setting. A bio-cultural approach reinforced by ethno-botanical tools conducted over a three-year period and recourse to a corpus of Luo ethnic food plant literature and gathering of folklore elements from a conversational context was used to study socio-cultural elements of vegetables foods of people in Migori and Suba districts of Kenya. Seventy-four respondents, 56 female and 18 males, of mean age 43years and ranging between 16 and 84 years participated in focus group discussions and research interviews. Herbarium specimens of 34 leafy edible plant species in seventeen plant families are deposited at the University of Nairobi and the Catholic University of Eastern Africa herbaria. This study documents 17 sayings (folkloristic products) of different genre: mantras, traditional beliefs, customs, practices, folk stories/ tales, songs, jokes and lexical phrases. Their sociolinguistic analysis reveals they address issues appropriate to Luo ritual, social status, nutrition, taste preferences, cooking habits and conflict resolution. Though Luo folklore indicates aversion for bitter vegetables, the body of folkloric wisdom sustains vegetable dish consumption. The preference and craving for bitter tasting herbs by elder women was because of an understanding of both food and medicinal values. This paper concludes that vegetable consumption reflects cultural backgrounds and experiences. Folklore defines how Africans perceive, define, and value indigenous Leafy Vegetables in their own terms and presents a stable platform for cultural analysis of oral food culture. Indigenous Leafy Vegetables are symbolic "sources of illumination" that orient African people persistently with the system of meaning in their culture.
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Khatun, Maksuda, Md Abul Hassan, Shaikh Nazrul Islam, and M. Oliur Rahman. "Taxonomy of the leafy vegetables in Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 20, no. 1 (June 25, 2013): 95–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15469.
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Thirty four exploration trips made throughout Bangladesh from 2000 to 2012 resulted in identification of 186 taxa used as leafy vegetables in the country, of which 173 taxa belong to angiosperms and 13 taxa to pteridophytes. Among the angiosperms, Magnoliopsida is represented by 153 taxa under 114 genera and 43 families, whereas Liliopsida is represented by 20 species under 15 genera and 8 families. Pteridophytes are symbolized by 13 species belonging to 10 genera and 10 families. Under each taxon updated nomenclature, vernacular names, habit, representative specimen and area of major consumption of the plant as a leafy vegetable have been provided. Out of 186 leafy vegetables identified in Bangladesh, 140 taxa are wild and 46 are cultivated. Among the cultivated ones 16 species are cultivated only as leafy vegetables and 30 are cultivated for other purposes but also used as leafy vegetables. A total of 61 species have been newly documented as leafy vegetables for Bangladesh.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15469Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(1): 95-123, 2013 (June)
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Ozores-Hampton, Monica, Ramdas Kanissery, Richard N. Raid, Johan Desaeger, Joseph W. Noling, Julian Beuzelin, and Christian F. Miller. "2018 Vegetable Production Handbook Chapter 9: Leafy Vegetable Production." EDIS 2018 (December 17, 2018): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-cv293-2018.
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This 29-page fact sheet is chapter 9 of the 2018 Vegetable Production Handbook. Written by Monica Ozores-Hampton, Ramdas Kanissery, Richard N. Raid, Johan Desaeger, Joseph, W. Noling, Julien Beuzelin, and Christian F. Miller, and published by the Horticultural Sciences Department, 2018. HS728/CV293: Chapter 9. Leafy Vegetable Production (ufl.edu)
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Yu, Changchun, Chenghuan Yan, Yuling Liu, Yali Liu, Yue Jia, Dean Lavelle, Guanghui An, et al. "Upregulation of a KN1 homolog by transposon insertion promotes leafy head development in lettuce." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 52 (December 7, 2020): 33668–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2019698117.
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Leafy head is a unique type of plant architecture found in some vegetable crops, with leaves bending inward to form a compact head. The genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying leafy head in vegetables remain poorly understood. We genetically fine-mapped and cloned a major quantitative trait locus controlling heading in lettuce. The candidate gene (LsKN1) is a homolog of knotted 1 (KN1) from Zea mays. Complementation and CRISPR/Cas9 knockout experiments confirmed the role of LsKN1 in heading. In heading lettuce, there is a CACTA-like transposon inserted into the first exon of LsKN1 (LsKN1▽). The transposon sequences act as a promoter rather than an enhancer and drive high expression of LsKN1▽. The enhanced expression of LsKN1▽ is necessary but not sufficient for heading in lettuce. Data from ChIP-sequencing, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, and dual luciferase assays indicate that the LsKN1▽ protein binds the promoter of LsAS1 and down-regulates its expression to alter leaf dorsoventrality. This study provides insight into plant leaf development and will be useful for studies on heading in other vegetable crops.
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Wang, Zhiquan, Tianxing Yang, and Wei Wei. "Design and Simulation Analysis of a Flexible Clamping and Conveying Device of a Green Leafy Vegetable Cutting and Bundling Integrated Machine." Journal of Robotics 2022 (October 15, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4729480.
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In order to improve the harvesting production efficiency of green leafy vegetables, this paper designs and simulates the flexible clamping and conveying device of the green leafy vegetable cutting and bundling integrated machine. Through theoretical calculation and 3D modeling, the design optimization of key components is carried out in this paper. The cutter head of the guillotine cutting and throwing device is a wheel cutter type. The throwing blades are axially symmetrically distributed on the cutter head, and the movable blades are radially distributed at equal angles and are located in the middle of the two throwing blades. The electronic control system of the wrapping device uses a pressure sensor to cooperate with the baling device to realize automatic wrapping after baling. In addition, the drive chassis of the machine is a hydrostatic drive system, which is convenient for step-less speed change and automatic control within a certain range. Through the simulation study, it can be seen that the flexible clamping and conveying device of the green leafy vegetable cutting and bundling integrated machine proposed in this paper can meet the industrialization needs of green leafy vegetables.
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Zmarlicki, Krzysztof, and Piotr Brzozowski. "CONSUMERS PREFERENCES FOR LEAF VEGETABLES ACCORDING TO GENDER." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XIX, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3272.
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The study on consumer preferences on leafy vegetables was conducted on 285 persons in Skierniewice Poland. Leafy vegetables, mainly lettuce and ready-to-eat bagged salads regularly consume more than 70% of the respondents, i.e. eat at least twice a week. The most commonly purchased leaf vegetable among the studied population was Iceberg lettuce, which was consumed by 49% of women and 58% of men. Most respondents stated that they did not buy bagged salads. It seems that the reason for the limited purchases is the too high price of bagged salads in relation to the price of lettuce sold by piece. In addition to this a significant proportion of consumers are concerned about freshness of bagged salads, as the most important driver when deciding to buy a bagged salads was their fresh appearance. Due to rising consumption and increased imports, the growth of leafy vegetables has good prospects of development. It seems that with the increase of the population incomes the consumption of bagged salads will grow as it did in Western Europe and North America.
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Rahmadhani, Laela Endah, Laily Ilham Widuri, and Parawita Dewanti. "KUALITAS MUTU SAYUR KASEPAK (KANGKUNG, SELADA, DAN PAKCOY) DENGAN SISTEM BUDIDAYA AKUAPONIK DAN HIDROPONIK." JURNAL AGROTEKNOLOGI 14, no. 01 (July 12, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.19184/j-agt.v14i01.15481.
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Aquaponic is considered one of alternative culture system to improve production and quality of leafy vegetables by combining soil less culture and fish farming. Utilization of fish manure contained in waste water provides nutrient sources for growing plants. Three kinds of leafy vegetables including water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica F.), green coral lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), and bok choi (Brassica rapa L.) were grown using both aquaponic and hydroponic system at the Green House in Serut village, Panti District, Jember Regency, from April to June 2019. Productions of each leafy vegetable were evaluated on both culture systems. Water spinach represented 29.12% higher production in aquaponic than hydroponic system, shown by significant value in plant height, number of leaves, root volume, and leaf fresh weight. Otherwise, bok choi production displayed 17.03% increased in hydroponic than aquaponic system. However, leaf production of lettuce was not significant between hydroponic and aquaponic system. Lettuce production in aquaponic only 1.90% lowest than hydroponic system indicated that lettuce was appropriate to cultivate in both farming systems.
Keywords: aquaculture, Brassica rapa L., leaf fresh weight, Ipomoea aquatica F., Lactuca sativa L., soil less culture
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Lee, Jung-Myung. "SPECIALIZED VEGETABLE GROWING IN KOREA." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 699d—699. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.699d.
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Similar to many Asian countries, the production and utilization of vegetables in Korea are quite different as compared to western countries. Koreans were used to favor easy-to-grow leafy and root vegetables, but this preference is gradually shifting to other vegetables, due partially to the recent surge in per capita income and westernization of cultures. In Korea, most vegetables are being utilized in fresh state with only a few exceptions, such as Kimchi, spicy vegetables, etc. Growing technics as well as the specialized production systems of several selected vegetable crops will be introduced. These include commercial production of vegetable seed and seedlings of special kinds (grafted or plug-grown), use of virus-free garlic cloves and potato mini-tubers, hydroponic culture of lettuce and other vegetables, automation of greenhouse crop production, off-season growing, and specific growing systems for minor vegetables.
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Riggio, Gina, Sarah Jones, and Kristen Gibson. "Risk of Human Pathogen Internalization in Leafy Vegetables During Lab-Scale Hydroponic Cultivation." Horticulturae 5, no. 1 (March 15, 2019): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae5010025.
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Controlled environment agriculture (CEA) is a growing industry for the production of leafy vegetables and fresh produce in general. Moreover, CEA is a potentially desirable alternative production system, as well as a risk management solution for the food safety challenges within the fresh produce industry. Here, we will focus on hydroponic leafy vegetable production (including lettuce, spinach, microgreens, and herbs), which can be categorized into six types: (1) nutrient film technique (NFT), (2) deep water raft culture (DWC), (3) flood and drain, (4) continuous drip systems, (5) the wick method, and (6) aeroponics. The first five are the most commonly used in the production of leafy vegetables. Each of these systems may confer different risks and advantages in the production of leafy vegetables. This review aims to (i) address the differences in current hydroponic system designs with respect to human pathogen internalization risk, and (ii) identify the preventive control points for reducing risks related to pathogen contamination in leafy greens and related fresh produce products.
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Boros, Ildikó Fruzsina, László Sipos, and Attila Gere. "Eye-tracking analysis of leafy vegetables." Review on Agriculture and Rural Development 6, no. 1-2 (July 18, 2018): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/rard.2017.1-2.32-37.
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There is a great supply of leafy vegetables on the market; hence capturing consumer’s attention (and decision) is critically important. Several scientific publications deal with consumer choices and the newest technology to capture consumer attention is eye-tracking. Eye-trackers are commonly used in Western Europe and Asia also, where it is an important and widely-used tool during product developments and the creation of marketing strategies. In Hungary, there are only a few publications about eye-tracking applications in vegetable growing and food industry. In our research, photographs about sorrel, lamb lettuce, spinach, leaf lettuce and dandelion leafs were analysed by eye-tracking technology and the eye movements of the participants during their decision making process of leafy vegetables were captured and evaluated. The eye-tracking analyses were carried out in the Sensory Laboratory of the Faculty of Food Sciences of Szent István University, using a Tobii X2-60 eye-tracker and Tobii Studio (version 3.0.5, Tobii Technology AB, Sweden) software. We aimed to answer the following research questions: Are there any connections between the eye movements of participants and their decisions? What amount of visual attention can be registered during the decision making process? Furthermore, the following metrics were measured and evaluated: fixation durations on the leafy vegetables, number of returns to products, pathways of visual attention, time until the final decision making and motivation of their final decisions. Measurement of the subconscious consumer decision making processes is way easier using eye-trackers compared to the traditional questionnaire-based methods, because it is hard or impossible to control our eye movements. Eye-tracking can be used successfully for understanding the expectations and decisions of the consumers.
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Pandey, Mamta, A. B. Abidi, Sadhna Singh, and R. P. Singh. "Nutritional Evaluation of Leafy Vegetable Paratha." Journal of Human Ecology 19, no. 2 (February 2006): 155–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09709274.2006.11905871.
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Evershed, R. P., C. Heron, and L. J. Goad. "Epicuticular wax components preserved in potsherds as chemical indicators of leafy vegetables in ancient diets." Antiquity 65, no. 248 (September 1991): 540–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080145.
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The determination of the leafy vegetable constituents of the diets of early societies is notoriously difficult using traditional archaeobotanical techniques. In an effort to provide a solution to this problem, a new approach, using gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), has been adopted to detect the presence of preserved epicuticular leaf wax components absorbed in potsherds. The characteristic compounds identified can serve as chemotaxonomic indicators of the vegetables prepared in vessels during their usage.
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Xu, Li Ping, and Xin Wang. "Determination of Heavy Metals in Vegetables." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1328–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1328.
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12 kinds of vegetables were determined the content of mercury, arsenic and plumbum by atomic fluorescence spectrometry. The results of 12 kinds of leafy vegetables, root vegetables and vegetables eggplant were compared with national standards. The results showed that the content of vegetables in all determined vegetables were accord with national standards. The content of mercury in celery, carrots and radish were all light disqualification, they were higher 0.003mg/kg, 0.002 mg / kg and 0.002 mg/kg than national standards, respectively. Most of contents of plumbum in vegetable were higher than national standards. Leafy vegetables were higher than root vegetables and root vegetables were higher than vegetables eggplant. The highest was the leek, which was 0.808 mg/kg, higher 0.608 mg/kg than national standards.
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Golait, Sachin, Sanjay Auti, and Shankar Laware. "Documentation of Wild Edible Leafy Vegetable Traditionally Used By Tribal and Rural Communities of North Maharashtra, India." Plantae Scientia 4, no. 3 (June 12, 2021): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32439/ps.v4i3.148-159.
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Number of wild edible plants is commonly used in the traditional diets of tribal people in many parts of the world. North Maharashtra is well known for its tribal region and tribes from this region partially or fully dependent on the wild resources for their nutritional requirements. The present study was designed to document specifically the wild leafy vegetables from North Maharashtra. A total of 62 traditionally used wild leafy vegetable species were collected, identified and documented. Out of 62 species, 61 species belongs to Angiosperms and 1 belong to pteridophyte. With respect to families Amaranthaceae, Araceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae were found to be the largest families with 29 species. Herbs are the major source of wild leafy vegetables with 43 species and forest is the home for the majority of wild leafy vegetables. Due to less awareness, loss of vegetation and fast erosion of traditional knowledge many species are on the line of rarity. The study helps to conserve those wild food species and cultivate them on large scales, to uplift their economical status and sustainable management in near future.
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Dusky, Joan A., and William M. Stall. "Evaluation of Imazethapyr for Weed Control in Leafy Vegetable Crops." Weed Technology 10, no. 2 (June 1996): 253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00039907.
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Imazethapyr was evaluated PRE and POST in five lettuce types and chicory under Florida field conditions. The relative sensitivity of leafy crop vigor (most sensitive to most tolerant) to imazethapyr PRE, based on 20% inhibition determined using regression analysis, was as follows: Boston > bibb > crisphead > romaine > leaf > escarole > endive. Leafy crop injury increased as the rate of imazethapyr applied POST increased, with all leafy crops responding in a similar manner. Surfactant addition increased imazethapyr phytotoxicity. Imazethapyr PRE treatments at 0.067 kg ai/ha provided greater than 80% control of livid amaranth, common purslane, flatsedge, and common lambsquarters. Imazethapyr POST at 0.067 kg/ha, with surfactant provided control greater than 85% of all weed species. Greater than 85% spiny amaranth control was provided by imazethapyr POST at 0.017 kg/ha. Use of surfactant with imazethapyr did not improve spiny amaranth control over imazethapyr with no surfactant. POST treatments did not decrease leafy crop yield compared with the hand-weeded check. Imazethapyr applied PRE reduced crop yield compared to the POST treatments and the hand-weeded control.
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Kurotani, Kayo, Akiko Nanri, Atsushi Goto, Tetsuya Mizoue, Mitsuhiko Noda, Masayuki Kato, Manami Inoue, and Shoichiro Tsugane. "Vegetable and fruit intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 4 (May 9, 2012): 709–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114512001705.
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Vegetable and fruit intake has been associated with a reduced risk of cancer and CVD, but its relationship to the risk of type 2 diabetes remains unclear. We prospectively examined the association between vegetable and fruit intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Subjects were 21 269 men and 27 168 women aged 45–75 years who participated in the second survey of the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study and had no history of type 2 diabetes or other serious diseases. Intake of vegetables and fruit was estimated using a validated 147-item FFQ. The OR of self-reported, physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes over 5 years was estimated using multiple logistic regression. A total of 896 newly diagnosed cases of type 2 diabetes were self-reported. Intake of vegetables and fruit combined or fruit only was not associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. However, there was an approximately 20 %, albeit not statistically significant, risk reduction associated with vegetables (men only), green leafy vegetables (men and women) and cruciferous vegetables (men only). Such risk reduction was somewhat greater among obese or smoking men than non-obese or non-smoking men. In conclusion, although a small beneficial effect of vegetables, especially green leafy and cruciferous vegetables, cannot be excluded, vegetable and fruit intake may not be appreciably associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes for Japanese adults.
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Xu, Zhangqian, Jianwei Peng, Zhen Zhu, Pengyue Yu, Maodi Wang, Zhi Huang, Ying Huang, and Zhaojun Li. "Screening of Leafy Vegetable Varieties with Low Lead and Cadmium Accumulation Based on Foliar Uptake." Life 12, no. 3 (February 24, 2022): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life12030339.
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Leafy vegetables cultivated in kitchen gardens and suburban areas often accumulate excessive amounts of heavy metals and pose a threat to human health. For this reason, plenty of studies have focused on low accumulation variety screening. However, identifying specific leafy vegetable varieties according to the foliar uptake of air pollution remains to be explored (despite foliar uptake being an important pathway for heavy-metal accumulation). Therefore, in this study, the lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) contents, leaf morphology, and particle matter contents were analyzed in a micro-area experiment using 20 common vegetables. The results show that the Pb content in leaves ranged from 0.70 to 3.86 mg kg−1, and the Cd content ranged from 0.21 to 0.99 mg kg−1. Atmospheric particles were clearly scattered on the leaf surface, and the particles were smaller than the stomata. Considering the Pb and Cd contents in the leaves and roots, stomata width-to-length ratio, leaf area size, enrichment factor, and translocation factor, Yidianhongxiancai, Qingxiancai, Baiyuanyexiancai, Nanjingjiangengbai and Sijixiaobaicai were recommended for planting in kitchen gardens and suburban areas as they have low accumulation characteristics. Identifying the influencing factors in the accumulation of heavy metals in vegetables through foliar uptake is important to help plant physiologists/environmentalists/policy makers to select suitable varieties for planting in air-polluted areas and thus reduce their threat to human health.
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Salawu, Sule Ola, Marzia Innocenti, Catia Giaccherini, Afolabi Akintunde Akindahunsi, and Nadia Mulinacci. "Phenolic Profiles of Four Processed Tropical Green Leafy Vegetables Commonly Used as Food." Natural Product Communications 3, no. 12 (December 2008): 1934578X0800301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x0800301220.
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The phenolic profiles are presented of four tropical green leafy vegetables ( Ocimum gratissimum, Vernonia amygdalina, Corchorus olitorius and Manihot utilissima) commonly used as food, after application of traditional treatments, such as boiling and abrasion. The HPLC/DAD/MS technique was mainly used to carry out this study. Preliminary evaluation of the antioxidant properties of the vegetables was also performed using the DPPH in vitro test. For the first time, seasonal variations in the phenolic content of the four investigated vegetables were highlighted. Of the four plants, all showed only quantitative differences, except for Ocimum graticimum, in which cichoric acid, previously detected as one of the main constituents of this vegetable collected in November (dry season), was absent in the sample harvested in March. The phenolic constituents are chemically unmodified after a strong heating process, such as the traditional blanching (about 15 minutes) applied by Nigerian people prior to consuming these vegetables. Nevertheless, these typical preparations showed a consistent decrease in the total phenolic compounds with respect to the raw material, particularly for Corchorus olitorius (from 42.3 to 5.56 mg/g dried leaves) and Vernonia amygdalina (from 40.2 to 4.4 mg/g dried leaves). As expected, when the blanching treatment is reduced to a few minutes, as for Manihot utilissima leaves, the cooked vegetable maintained almost unaltered its original phenolic content (around 10 mg/g dried leaves). The unique exception is the blanched Ocimum gratissimum sample that showed a consistent increment of the total phenols, particularly of rosmarinic acid (from 6.1 to 29.8 mg/g dried leaves) with respect to the unprocessed vegetable.
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Das, Manoj Kumar Lal. "Documentation of Wild Leafy Vegetable Plants of Chitwan, Nepal." BMC Journal of Scientific Research 5, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bmcjsr.v5i1.50677.
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Wild leafy vegetables are an important source of carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and fibers. Local people of Chitwan rely on wild leafy vegetables. Knowledge of wild leafy vegetables is part of traditional practice. This paper revealed total 38 plant species belonging to 32 Genera under 30 families which are consumed by local inhabitants of Chitwan. Out of 38 plants species consumed as leafyvegetable, 26 taxa were herbs, 6 species are climbers, 5 plant species as to trees and only one was climbers. The harvesting season of leafy vegetables are variable. 15 leafy vegetables plants were harvested during rainy season, 8 spp. were harvested in summer season. 12 plant species were harvested throughout the year. Similarly; 32 plant species were used for vegetables; 3 spp. were used for spices.A few spp. was consumed as raw, pickle and topping purpose.
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TANGO, CHARLES NKUFI, NA-JUNG CHOI, MYUNG-SUB CHUNG, and DEOG HWAN OH. "Bacteriological Quality of Vegetables from Organic and Conventional Production in Different Areas of Korea." Journal of Food Protection 77, no. 8 (August 1, 2014): 1411–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-13-514.
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Foods grown in organic production systems have been described as representing an increased risk to public health compared with foods from conventional production. Leafy vegetables (spinach, romaine lettuce, and green sesame leaves) grown in organic and conventional systems were collected from various areas in Korea and examined using standard culture methods to compare the microbiological quality of the produce grown in the two agricultural systems. The 354 samples of these leafy vegetables were analyzed for levels of indicator bacteria (aerobic bacteria, coliforms, and Escherichia coli) and the prevalence of the pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli O157:H7, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus cereus, and Salmonella. Aerobic bacteria and coliforms were detected in all vegetable types, but nonpathogenic E. coli was below the limit of detection in all samples. B. cereus was the most prevalent pathogen, found on 7 (11.1%) of the 63 organic spinach samples. The prevalence of S. aureus was highest in organic sesame leaves; it was found on 5 (8.0%) of the 63 samples. The prevalence of L. monocytogenes was highest on organic romaine lettuce and spinach; it was found in 4 (6.4%) of 63 samples of each type of vegetable. E. coli O157:H7 found on only 1 (1.58%) of 55 conventional spinach samples. These results suggest that farming type at most only slightly affects the hygienic quality of leafy vegetables, and no effect was found for sample collection area. Salmonella was not isolated from any of the conventional or organic leafy vegetables. These results do not support the hypothesis that organic produce poses a substantially greater risk of pathogen contamination than does conventional produce.
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Quansah, Joycelyn, Cesar Escalante, Angela Kunadu, Firibu Saalia, and Jinru Chen. "Pre- and Post-Harvest Practices of Urban Leafy Green Vegetable Farmers in Accra, Ghana and Their Association with Microbial Quality of Vegetables Produced." Agriculture 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2020): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10010018.
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Vegetable farming is the most practiced urban agriculture in Ghana. A previous study of our laboratory revealed poor microbial quality of, and presence of Salmonella on, leafy green vegetables grown or sold in Accra, Ghana. The aims of this study were to determine agricultural practices of urban vegetable farmers and the association between agricultural practices and microbial safety of vegetables produced. A survey was conducted among 102 farmers from 12 farming areas who produced exotic and indigenous leafy greens in Accra, Ghana to identify their farming practices. It was observed that water from waste drains pumped into shallow wells was used for irrigation by 70% of the farmers. Incompletely composted manure was commonly used (99%) in farming. Vegetables were usually harvested using bare hands (96%) and knives (73%) and transported mainly in sacks (94%) to market centers under non-refrigerated conditions. Over 60% of the farmers disagreed that the use of polluted irrigation water can contaminate vegetables or make consumers sick. According to the seemingly unrelated regression model, farmers with no formal education and less food safety knowledge and had been planting on their current farmlands for several years were likely to produced vegetables with higher fecal coliform and Enterococcus sp. counts compared to other farmers. Vegetables cultivated by farmers who disagreed that the use of contaminated water can make consumers sick were associated with the production of vegetables with high fecal coliform and Enterococcus sp. counts. Education and improved agricultural and post-harvest handling practices should be encouraged among vegetable producers in the area to improve food safety.
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Yu, Tzu-Hsien, Shuo-Ping Hsieh, Chien-Ming Su, Feng-Jung Huang, Chien-Che Hung, and Lih-Ming Yiin. "Analysis of Leafy Vegetable Nitrate Using a Modified Spectrometric Method." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2018 (August 5, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6285867.
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A quick and cost-effective method to analyze leafy vegetable nitrate on spectrometry was developed and compared with a standard method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method was designed to use ion-exchange solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges in reducing interference from organic matrices to meet the criterion of an existing method for analyzing nitrate in wastewater. Nine vegetables (bok coy, cabbage, celery, Chinese cabbage, Chinese kale, lettuce, mustard green, pak choi, and water spinach) were selected for the method testing with three replicates being conducted for each vegetable. The nitrate contents ranged from 800 to 4,300 μg/g, with bok coy, celery, and pak choi being the highest. Data derived from spectrometry and HPLC were close to each other with most relative errors being within ±10% and were highly correlated with an R square value of 0.969. Stability testing and spike analysis resulted in a mean coefficient of variation lower than 6% and a mean recovery rate of 83.7%, suggesting reliability of the method. In addition, both the cost and time consumption for using this method were lower than the standard method using HPLC or ion chromatography, making this spectrometric method a good alternative for analysis of leafy vegetable nitrate.