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1
M, Amatya S., and Philip M. S, eds. Proceedings of the Third Meeting of Working Group on Fodder Trees, Forest Fodder, and Leaf Litter, Kathmandu, December 18-20, 1989. Kathmandu: Forest Research and Information Centre, Forest Research Division, Dept. of Forest and Plant Research, 1990.
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2
Day, Walter. Twin Galaxies' Official Video Game & Pinball Book Of World Records; Second Edition, Arcade Volume. Edited by Walter Day and Mr Kelly R. Flewin. Fairfield, IA: 1st World Publishing, 2007.
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3
Bulion, Leslie, and Robert Meganck. Leaf Litter Critters. Peachtree Publishing Company, 2018.
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4
Bulion, Leslie, and Robert Meganck. Leaf Litter Critters. Peachtree Publishing Company Inc., 2020.
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Tonkin, Rachel. Leaf Litter: Exploring the Mysteries of a Hidden World. HarperCollins Publishers Australia, 2010.
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Schofield, Judith Ann. The fate of condensed tannins during leaf litter decomposition. 1995.
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Heath, Brian E. Levels of asymbiotic nitrogen fixation in leaf litter in Northwest forests. 1985.
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8
Valachovic, Yana S. Leaf litter chemistry and decomposition in a Pacific Northwest Coniferous forest ecosystem. 1998.
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9
Stephenson, Steven. Secretive Slime Moulds. CSIRO Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486314140.
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Neither plants, nor animals, nor fungi, the myxomycetes are a surprisingly diverse and fascinating group of organisms. They spend the majority of their life out of sight as single-celled amoeboid individuals in leaf litter, soil or decaying wood, foraging for bacteria and other simple life forms. However, when conditions are right, two individual cells come together to give rise to a much larger, creeping structure called a plasmodium, which produces the even more complex and often beautiful fruiting bodies. Indeed, the fruiting bodies of myxomycetes are often miniature works of art!
Their small size (usually only a few millimetres tall) and fleeting fruiting phase mean that these organisms, although ubiquitous and sometimes abundant, are overlooked by most people. However, recent research by a few dedicated individuals has shown that Australia has a very diverse myxomycete biota with more than 330 species, the largest number known for any region of the Southern Hemisphere.
This comprehensive monograph provides keys, descriptions and information on the known distribution for all of these species in addition to containing introductory material relating to their biology and ecology. Many species are illustrated, showing the diversity of their fruiting bodies, and greatly facilitating their identification.
This book will give naturalists a new insight into an often overlooked group of organisms in addition to providing an incentive to search for the many species which have undoubtedly thus far escaped notice.
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Pinckney, Jonathan C. From Dissent to Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190097301.001.0001.
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Under what conditions will successful nonviolent revolutions lead to democratization? While the scholarly literature has shown that nonviolent resistance has a positive effect on a country’s level of democracy, little research to date has disaggregated this population to explain which cases of successful nonviolent resistance lead to democracy and which do not. This book presents a theory of democratization in transitions initiated by nonviolent resistance based on the successful resolution of two central strategic challenges: maintaining high transitional mobilization and avoiding institutionally destructive maximalism. I test the theory, first, on a data set of every transition from authoritarian rule in the post–World War II period and, second, with three in-depth case studies informed by interviews with key decision-makers in Nepal, Zambia, and Brazil. The testing supports the importance of high mobilization and low maximalism. Both have strong, consistent effects on democratization after nonviolent resistance.
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Fitter, Chris. ‘As Full of Grief as Age’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806899.003.0010.
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This chapter situates King Lear in angry underclass responses to the recent Poor Law as revealed by the new social history. Revisiting the scene of Lear denied ‘raiment, bed and food’ by his disdainful and flinty-spirited daughters, it argues that this scanting of the geriatric at the gate, newly impotent and increasingly humiliated, enacts the familiar commons tragedy of the impoverished old man hectored by Overseers of the Poor, yet allocated little or nothing. Lear’s outcry ‘Allow not nature more than nature needs, / Man’s life is cheap as beast’s’ emerges as an impassioned rebuke to the spirit of hostile petty calculation practised by the prosperous of the parish and their officers. Revisiting Poor Tom, the chapter places him alongside eight traits of the vagrant persistently alleged by statutes and rogue literature, discovering that, created as a composite of refutations, Shakespeare’s Poor Tom is a serial exposé of government fatuity.
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Schabas, William A. Aborted Kidnap. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833857.003.0007.
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Led by a former Senator from Tennessee, Luke Lea, a handful of American soldiers take leave over the New Year’s holiday and drive up to the Netherlands with the aim of kidnapping Kaiser Wilhelm II. The Dutch envoy in Brussels gives them a laissez-passer and authorises them to enter his country in uniform. When they get to Amerongen Castle, they brandish the document but fail to convince Count Bentinck’s son to let them meet the Kaiser in person. The Dutch are suspicious, and surround the castle with troops, forcing the Americans to retreat, stealing a monogrammed ashtray on their way out. The US Army holds a disciplinary inquiry, but Lea and his cohorts get little more than a slap on the wrist. They return to civilian life at home and boast of their adventure.
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Shah, Aali. Hypomagnesemia/Hypermagnesemia. Edited by Matthew D. McEvoy and Cory M. Furse. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190226459.003.0039.
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Hypomagnesemia is a relatively common electrolyte abnormality that may produce little to no significant clinical manifestations in patients. Commonly used medications such as proton-pump inhibitors and antidepressants can cause magnesium deficiency. The primary cardiac effect of hypomagnesemia is a prolongation of the Q-T interval. It is exposure to other drugs in the perioperative period and physiologic changes caused by anesthesia and surgery that can further alter cardiac electrophysiology and lead to serious ventricular dysrhythmias. Hypermagnesemia is generally iatrogenic from excessive ingestion, renal failure, or therapeutic administration for preeclampsia. Adverse effects of hypermagnesemia include somnolence, muscle weakness, and slowing of cardiac conduction.
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Clark, Nicola. ‘The healthe of my soule’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784814.003.0007.
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Throughout the sixteenth century and beyond, the Howards are usually described as religiously ‘conservative’, resisting the reformist impulse of the Reformation while conforming to the royal supremacy over the Church. The women of the family have played little part in this characterization, yet they too lived through the earliest stages of the Reformation. This chapter shows that what we see is not a family following the lead of its patriarch in religious matters at this early stage of the Reformation, but that this did not stop them maintaining strong kinship relations across the shifting religious spectrum.
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Fojas, Camilla. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040924.003.0001.
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The story of U.S. power is revised after the economic crisis, creating an entirely new story form that begins, not with decline, but with an exhilarating freefall and ends with new ways of revitalizing white America. The postcrisis stories of class descent, sexual deviance, racial oppression, ruination, and disaster explore the contradictions and tensions exposed by the economic freefall. Popular culture of the Great Recession contributes to a social order shaped by economic precariousness and generates stories that encourage and enable publics to adapt to this new condition. These stories must not cross a certain threshold, one that would lead to insurrection. Perhaps all it takes is a little nudge to push these stories over the line, to reinterpret them and reframe their revolutionary and liberatory potential.
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Moore, Michael R., and Ehab Farag. Unstable Cervical Spine and Airway Management. Edited by David E. Traul and Irene P. Osborn. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190850036.003.0012.
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In patients with cervical myelopathy, the spinal cord is already compromised to a point at which there is little reserve for surgical maneuvers and the slightest adverse action can result in dramatic consequences. Awake fiberoptic intubation and neurological assessment before induction of anesthesia could be the safest way to avoid waking up the patient before proceeding with surgery in the case of absent motor evoke potentials (MEPs) in spite of increasing the stimulating voltage together with increasing the rate of stimulating pulses. Hypotension is an additional factor, which may lead to irreversible neurologic deficit in a partially compressed but functionally intact spinal cord. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring for cervical myelopathy should include somatosensory evoked potentials, transcranial electric MEPs, and electromyography to provide complementary information and monitor different spinal cord tracts and individual nerve roots.
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Eck, John E., and Tamara D. Madensen. Place Management. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.22.
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The theory of place management explains why some properties have a great deal of crime or disorder and most others have little or no crime or disorder. This chapter first provides a background necessary for understanding place management. It then describes place managers: who they are and how they differ from others involved in crime or its suppression. This is followed by discussions of what place managers do that is important for preventing or facilitating crime; how place management theory embraces a wide variety of other explanations for crime at place; the processes involved in place management; and the empirical evidence that place management exists and can be manipulated. The final section shows that place management theory opens up several lines of enquiry that could give us a fuller explanation of crime patterns, and could lead to better ways to reduce crime.
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Huang, Yukon. China’s Debt Dilemma. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190630034.003.0005.
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China’s surging debt levels and an overheated property market have led many to believe that the country is headed for an economic collapse. Yet the argument that China is facing a financial crisis is overstated. China’s debt problem is largely confined to the state sector; its property market is not about to implode; and there is little evidence of widespread insolvency. The risks of shadow banking are also not as serious as many have argued. While the government has the discretionary resources to manage the situation, a set of SOEs does face serious financial problems and the country’s financing modalities are creating risks. Most observers see the banking system as the source of these problems, but the solution begins with reforming China’s fiscal system and restructuring management of SOEs. Addressing these issues would lead to a more financially sustainable growth path over the coming decade.
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D’Amora, David A., Mai P. Tran, and Fred C. Osher. Achieving positive outcomes for justice-involved people with behavioural health disorders. Edited by Alec Buchanan and Lisa Wootton. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198738664.003.0005.
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Across the United States, a disproportionate number of individuals with behavioural health disorders (mental, substance-use, or co-occurring disorders) are under correctional supervision. This creates challenges for corrections systems that must juggle the multiple responsibilities of confinement, rehabilitation, treatment, and supervision. Correctional administrators and behavioural health administrators who work with the same populations have different goals that may lead to conflicting priorities and decisions: correctional administrators’ primary goal is to ensure public safety, whereas behavioural health administrators’ primary goals are treatment and recovery. While some efforts have been made to collaborate and coordinate between the two groups, little consensus exists between the two communities on how to serve their shared population. This chapter presents a shared framework for both groups for reducing recidivism and the prevalence of behavioural health disorders among individuals under correctional control or supervision, while also optimizing the best use of their limited resources.
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Eckert, Amy E. Cui Bono. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801825.003.0012.
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The emergence of a new market for private force has altered many aspects of war fighting, including those pertaining to victory and post-conflict settings. While some literature suggests that private military companies (PMCs) can sometimes lead parties to negotiate a peace agreement more quickly, the value of this victory is open to debate. Empirical evidence and case studies of civil wars explored in this chapter suggest that the peace achieved through the use of PMCs is unlikely to endure or to bring substantial improvement to the lives of the most vulnerable victims of war—that is, instead of a positive peace, PMCs achieve a negative peace. Moreover, states often mortgage their natural resources to PMCs as a form of payment. In other words, both the war and the victory secure considerable benefits for PMCs and accomplish little for the civilian populations within war-torn states.
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Patisaul, Heather B., and Scott M. Belcher. The Chemical Landscape. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199935734.003.0001.
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This introductory chapter aims to provide an initial overview of the connections between current trends of increasing prevalence of behavioral disorders in children, which persist through adulthood, and increasing exposures to man-made environmental chemicals. A foundational definition of endocrine disruptors is presented and is contrasted with traditional definitions of reproductive and endocrine toxicity. Historical and current examples of specific disorders in humans and wildlife species associated with endocrine disruptor exposures are presented. Current trends of the rapid development of new chemicals and how they come to market with little or no safety testing are examined. Using lead as a case study of how chemical policy has been driven by corporate interests, rather than public health and safety, the chapter introduces the origins of chemical safety and policy based on proof of harm. Key concepts and controversy surrounding the acceptance of the “endocrine disruptor hypothesis” are examined.
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Melamed, Daniel R. Listening to Parody in the Mass in B Minor. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881054.003.0002.
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Writings about Johann Sebastian Bach’s Mass in B Minor are dominated by discussions of parody, the origin of most of the Mass in music Bach had composed for other texts and purposes. There are reasons to study parody, but it arguably has little to do with the experience of hearing the work. A focus on parody can lead to fallacious understanding, mistaking the work’s genesis for its meaning, or imagining we can divine the composer’s intent. The suspicion or knowledge of parody appears to help us understand the Mass but actually does not. Audible musical features, including those that point to particular kinds of compositions, can be informative but not because they point to parody. Some movements behave in unconventional ways. These are often related to the parody process, but we do not need to invoke parody to understand how they contribute to the work’s effect. Parody is probably overrated.
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Peach, Ken. Risk. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796077.003.0013.
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In this chapter, the importance of risk is emphasized and risk is distinguished from gambling. Projects without risk (that is, where the outcome is certain) lead to very little progress; however, projects with a very high degree of risk (i.e. overwhelmingly likely to fail) likewise do not advance knowledge all that much. What is important about risk is that, if there is at least a reasonable chance that the project will work, there is also a reasonable chance that there will be a corresponding benefit. This chapter reviews the need to assess and manage risk in order to make progress, and presents some risk management techniques, such as the use of a risk register. It also discusses the need to recognize the importance of, and the need to maintain, reputation, as well as the need for avoidance or mitigation of reputation risk. Finally, the risks and hazards surrounding scientific misconduct are identified and discussed.
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Chrobot-Mason, Donna, Marian N. Ruderman, and Lisa H. Nishii. Leadership in a Diverse Workplace. Edited by Quinetta M. Roberson. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199736355.013.0018.
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Although there is a significant need to understand the implications of increasing demographic diversity for leadership, surprisingly little research has been conducted on the topic. In this chapter, we review the extant research in this area. We organize our review into three sections: how leaders lead themselves, others, and the organization. In the first section, we discuss issues related to social identity, and how leaders’ social identities interact with those of their employees in influencing what may be required for effective leadership. In the second section, we discuss the qualities that leaders are likely to need when managing employees from diverse backgrounds. We focus on developing quality relationships, cultivating an inclusive climate, spanning boundaries, and framing of diversity initiatives. In the last section, we discuss research related to the role leaders play in setting their organization’s diversity strategy, implementing diversity practices, managing conflict, responding to diversity crises, and measuring progress. We end with suggestions for future research.
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Beebee, Helen, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Introduction. Edited by Helen Beebee, Christopher Hitchcock, and Peter Menzies. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199279739.003.0001.
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Philosophers have been interested in the nature of causation for as long as there has been philosophy. They have been interested in what we say about the world when we say that one thing caused another, and in whether there is anything in the world that answers to the causal claims we make about it. Despite the attention, there is still very little agreement on the most central question concerning causation: what is it? Is it a matter of the instantiation of regularities or laws, or counterfactual dependence, or manipulability, or transfer of energy, for example? One reason for the lack of a consensus view is the sheer difficulty of the task; anyone familiar with the causation debate as it has been conducted in recent years will be familiar with a vast range of theories and counterexamples, which collectively can lead one to suspect that no univocal analysis of the concept of causation is possible.
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Doody, Colleen. Business, Anti-Communism, and the Welfare State, 1945–1958. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037276.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on the Detroit business community's opposition to the growth of the government. These men made little distinction between the New Deal, Socialism, and Communism. The former, they argued, would ultimately lead to the latter. As a result, Detroit businessmen during the late 1940s and 1950s carried out a campaign to check state power. They targeted labor, particularly the United Automobile Workers (UAW), in this fight because they saw the union as one of the greatest advocates of an expanded welfare state. Like other conservatives, these men were anti-Communists. Their hostility to Communism was inextricably linked to their perception that free enterprise, as they understood it, was threatened by an expanding welfare state. Corporate managers discussed such issues as social security, unemployment insurance, and peacetime price controls—all measures they saw as part of the “march toward socialism or collectivism” and that labor-liberals believed were key to creating a modern welfare state.
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Heuser, Andreas, and Jens Koehrsen, eds. Does Religion Make a Difference? Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748907633.
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Religions are increasingly being regarded as relevant partners in international development cooperation due to their special attributes. However, to date there has been little research into what the special attributes of religious development agencies actually are or how such organisations employ them. What resources do religious NGOs draw on in development cooperation? How do such NGOs differ from other development agencies? Does their engagement make a considerable difference to collaborative development work? Using empirical case studies and theoretical analysis, the contributions in this book address these questions. In doing so, they examine different religions and their collaborative development work in various regions of the world, and chart the most recent changes in religions. With contributions by Jeffrey Haynes, Katherine Marshall, Andreas Heuser, Jens Koehrsen, Dena Freeman, Richard Friedli, Wilhelm Gräb, Ulrich Dehn, Marie Juul Petersen, Claudia Hoffmann, Sinah Theres Kloß, Yonatan N. Gez, Katrin Langewiesche, Suwarto Adi, Ido Benvenisti, Christine Schliesser, Leif H. Seibert, Philipp Öhlmann, Marie-Luise Frost, Adi Maya
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Fluke, John D., Mónica López López, Rami Benbenishty, Erik J. Knorth, and Donald J. Baumann, eds. Decision-Making and Judgment in Child Welfare and Protection. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190059538.001.0001.
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Professionals working in child welfare and child protection are making decisions with crucial implications for children and families on a daily basis. The types of judgements and decisions they make vary and include decisions such as whether a child is at risk of significant harm by parents, whether to remove a child from home or to reunify a child with parents after some time in care. These decisions are intended to help achieve the best interests of the child. Unfortunately, they can sometimes also doom children and families unnecessarily to many years of pain and suffering. Surprisingly, despite the central role of judgments and decision making in professional practice and its deep impact on children and families, child welfare and protection training and research programs have paid little attention to this crucial aspect of practice. Furthermore, although extensive knowledge about professional judgment and decision making has been accumulated in relevant areas, such as medicine, business administration, and economics, little has been done to help transfer and translate this knowledge to the child welfare and protection areas. This book represents our aspiration to fill this critical gap in the child welfare and protection research agenda, while providing an up-to-date resource for practitioners and policy makers. It is our purpose to provide the reader with the ideas, methods and tools to improve their understanding of how context and decision-maker behaviors affect child welfare and protection decision making, and how such knowledge might lead to improvements in decision-making.
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Shuger, Debora. Paratexts of the English Bible, 1525-1611. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843579.001.0001.
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English bibles over the decades between the Tyndale’s New Testament of 1525 and the 1611 King James include indices, calendars, woodcuts, maps, chronologies, prefaces, prologues, prayers, epistles, philological glosses, doctrinal notes, inset historical essays, single-leaf summaries of scripture, a dialogue on predestination, a twelfth-century genealogy of Christ, a ninth-century Jewish chronicle. Their first editions, often magnificent folios, were curated by leading churchmen, who used these paratexts to speak into existence the dominant forms of post-Reformation English Christianity. Subsequent editions—smaller, more affordable, and far more numerous—were left in the hands of printers, who decided which versions to print, which paratexts to drop, add, move, or modify. The most lavish of Elizabethan bibles gets stripped almost to the bare translation; a fiercely Calvinist bible switches doctrinal sides; and a peculiar little New Testament from 1552 remains in print, with its original annotations, well into the Jacobean era. The picture of the English Reformation disclosed by these biblical paratexts differs in rather striking ways from the current one. Conformity, “things indifferent,” and the reformation of manners, for example, go virtually unmentioned. While no one archive shows “the very age and body of the time,” the cultural centrality of the bible in sixteenth-century England means that the version of things implicit in its paratexts really does challenge, or at least complicate, accounts derived principally from the controversial literature of the period.
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de Andrade, Dominique. The “Drugs-Crime Nexus”. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199374847.003.0001.
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The prioritization of imprisonment as a response to drug use in many countries has led to growing prison populations, with little impact on drug use, drug-related harm, or drug-related crime. There is increased international debate around how to best manage and respond to at-risk populations, with good evidence to suggest that embracing harm reduction strategies in the community and in prison can lead to reduced rates of imprisonment, infectious disease, and other preventable harms. Despite this, evidence-based treatment and harm reduction programs have largely failed to penetrate the walls of correctional institutions in most countries. This chapter provides an overview of major drug groups and explores the impact of drug policy on international imprisonment rates, and the diversity of responses to people who use drugs in the community and prison. The potential for corrections to play a significant therapeutic role in addressing the urgent treatment and harm reduction needs of at-risk, drug-using populations in prison and during their transition back to the community is highlighted.
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Townsend, Sylvia. Bumpy Road. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496804143.001.0001.
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In meticulous detail, the book describes the filming, release, and influence of the 1971 film Two-Lane Blacktop. In 1970 the urbane producer Michael Laughlin asked the hippy filmmaker Monte Hellman to direct a script called Two-Lane Blacktop. The cult author Rudy Wurlitzer rewrote the script, the story of two scruffy hot rodders who pick up a girl hitchhiker and race their classic ’55 Chevy against a rich guy’s “factory –made hot rod,” a ’70 GTO Judge. In three of the four lead roles Hellman cast nonactors – the rock stars James Taylor and Dennis Wilson, and the director’s girlfriend, Laurie Bird. Hellman made an existentialist car-racing movie; nobody wins or even finishes the race, the protagonists are doomed to drive around endlessly. The film was slow-paced, the rock stars didn’t sing (and barely spoke), the movie had little music, and Hellman ignored other traditional crowd-pleasing conventions. When he resisted studio pressure to make the movie more conventional and commercial, it flopped at the box office. Universal failed to release the film on video, making it scarce and sought-after, and three of the four lead actors – Wilson Bird and Warren Oates, had untimely deaths, conferring mystique on the film. Many years after its release, the film gained wide acclaim, was released by the prestigious Criterion Collection and was preserved in the National Film Registry. In the book, the directors Wes Anderson, Richard Linklater and others tell how the movie influenced their work. Although Two-Lane Blacktop was a harbinger of the demise of New Hollywood films, brought about by the financial costs to Hollywood studios that allowed auteur directors to make non-commercial movies, had Hellman caved in to pressure to make the movie commercial, it would not have become a classic.
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Crowley, Stephen. Putin's Labor Dilemma. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756276.001.0001.
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This book investigates how the fear of labor protest has inhibited substantial economic transformation in Russia. Vladimir Putin boasts he has the backing of workers in the country's industrial heartland, but as economic growth slows in Russia, reviving the economy will require restructuring the country's industrial landscape. At the same time, doing so threatens to generate protest and instability from a key regime constituency. However, continuing to prop up Russia's Soviet-era workplaces, the book suggests, could lead to declining wages and economic stagnation, threatening protest and instability. The book explores the dynamics of a Russian labor market that generally avoids mass unemployment, the potentially explosive role of Russia's monotowns, conflicts generated by massive downsizing in “Russia's Detroit” (Tol'yatti), and the rapid politicization of the truck drivers movement. Labor protests currently show little sign of threatening Putin's hold on power, but the manner in which they are being conducted point to substantial chronic problems that will be difficult to resolve. The book demonstrates that the Russian economy must either find new sources of economic growth or face stagnation. Either scenario — market reforms or economic stagnation — raises the possibility, even probability, of destabilizing social unrest.
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Gracey, James. The Company of Wolves. Liverpool University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781911325314.001.0001.
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Co-written by Irish filmmaker Neil Jordan and British novelist Angela Carter, and based on several short stories from Carter's collection The Bloody Chamber, The Company of Wolves (1984) is a provocative reinvention of the fairy tale of Little Red Riding Hood. Unraveling a feverish metaphor for the blossoming of a young girl's sexuality and her subsequent loss of innocence, the film entwines symbolism and metaphor with striking visuals and grisly effects. Released in the early 1980s, a time which produced several classic werewolf films (including An American Werewolf in London and The Howling), The Company of Wolves sets itself apart from the pack with its overtly literary roots, feminist stance, and art-house leanings. The film's narrative takes the form of a puzzle box, unfolding as dreams within dreams, and stories within stories, which lead further into the dark woods of the protagonist's psyche, as she finds herself on the cusp of womanhood. The book explores all these aspects, as well as placing the film in the context of the careers of its creators and its position as an example of the “Female Gothic.”
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Ferguson, Benjamin. Exploitation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.113.
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The concept of exploitation is often invoked in situations where relatively impoverished people are treated unfairly in economic and social contexts. While the claim that exploitation involves taking unfair advantage is broadly accepted, there is little consensus about what fairness requires and whether unfairness is seriously wrong in the context of exchanges. One family of accounts claims that exploitation involves the maldistribution of resources, either because exploitative transactions result in distributions that violate substantive norms of fairness, or because procedural flaws in the way exploitative transactions come about entail that their outcomes are unfair.A second, domination-based approach to exploitation claims that the moral flaw embodied by exploitative relations is the exploiter’s disrespectful use of his power over the exploitee. While exploiters’ domination of others may lead to maldistributions, defenders of the domination-based approach argue that distributive unfairness is neither necessary nor sufficient for exploitative relations.These approaches both face two kinds of challenges. The first concerns the scope. Neither appears to provide necessary and sufficient conditions that are adequate to capture all and only cases commonly described as exploitation. The second concerns the normative status. Exploitation is typically assumed to be morally impermissible, yet neither approach seems to satisfactorily explain how exploitations that nevertheless generate significant welfare gains for both parties can be wrong.
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Dresser, Rebecca. Silent Partners. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190459277.001.0001.
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Scientists and ethicists often speak of subjects as partners in research, but the reality is quite different. Experienced subjects are rarely appointed to the committees that create guidelines for ethical research or the committees that review individual studies to determine whether they meet ethical and regulatory standards. Yet experienced research subjects can make valuable contributions to research ethics. People who have been in studies know facts about the experience that others may overlook. Their experience as subjects gives them special insights into ethics too. Experienced subjects know about problems that can lead people to refuse to join studies or to drop out before studies are complete. A large body of work describes the perceptions and viewpoints of people who have participated in research, but experts rarely use this material to guide improvements in human subject protection. Although subjects have the power to decide whether to participate in a study, they have little control over anything else that goes on in research. Silent Partners moves research subjects to the forefront, examining what research participation is like for healthy volunteers and patients and explaining why subjects’ voices should influence research ethics. Silent Partners shows how experienced research subjects can become real—not just symbolic—partners in research.
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de Mesquita, Bruce Bueno. Foreign Policy Analysis and Rational Choice Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.395.
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Since the end of World War II, foreign policy thinking has been dominated by a realist (or neorealist) perspective in which states are taken as the relevant unit of analysis. The focus on states as the central actors in international politics leads to the view that what happens within states is of little consequence for understanding what happens between states. However, state-centric, unitary rational actor theories fail to explain perhaps the most significant empirical discovery in international relations over the past several decades. That is the widely accepted observation that democracies tend not to fight wars with one another even though they are not especially reluctant to fight with autocratic regimes. By looking within states at their domestic politics and institutionally induced behavior, the political economy perspective provides explanations of the democratic peace and associated empirical regularities while offering a cautionary tale for those who leap too easily to the inference that since pairs of democracies tend to interact peacefully; therefore it follows that they have strong normative incentives to promote democratic reform around the world. Rational choices approaches have also helped elucidate new insights that contribute to our understanding of foreign policy. Some of these new insights and the tools of analysis from which they are derived have significantly contributed to the actual decision making process.
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Stephen, Matthew D., and Michael Zürn, eds. Contested World Orders. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843047.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Contested World Orders systematically compares the demands of rising powers and non-governmental organizations towards international institutions. As international institutions have taken on ever more ambitious tasks, they have been challenged by rising powers dissatisfied with existing institutional inequalities, by non-governmental organizations worried about the direction of global governance, and even by some established powers no longer content to lead the institutions they themselves created. While the debates about the changing international system often focus on the overall structure, this book aims at providing a comprehensive and comparative analysis of the constellation of preferences on the level of individual institutions. Three contributions should be highlighted. First, while demands for change are numerous and often severe, they are largely driven by specific institutional features and interest constellations. There is little evidence of a cleavage between established and rising powers or a hegemonic struggle between the US and China. On many conflicts there are established and rising powers on both sides. Second, in some cases the rising powers have in fact defended the status quo. They have opposed both Western countries’ attempts to increase the intrusiveness of market-making international institutions and NGOs’ attempts to have stronger market-braking regulation of global markets. Third, conflicts appear to be most intractable where established powers aim to defend their institutional privileges against rising powers who demand institutional roles commensurate with their new-found influence.
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Asadi-Pooya, Ali A., and Michael R. Sperling. Antiseizure Medications. 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197541210.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The prevalence of epilepsy ranges between 0.6% and 1%, and perhaps 70 million worldwide suffer from this condition. The mainstay of treatment is drug therapy. In the past decade, many new antiseizure medications (ASMs) have been introduced, so that there are now approximately 30 medications available to treat epilepsy. The healthcare provider therefore has many choices. However, having many alternatives also allows for the possibility of choosing an inappropriate or a suboptimal agent. For most seizures, there is little difference in efficacy between the different agents, and other factors chiefly influence drug selection. These include the potential adverse effects, comorbid conditions, concomitant medications, age, and gender, among others. The choice of medication should be guided by knowledge and familiarity with the ASMs. This book is designed as a practical tool for physicians and other healthcare providers. While the authors include a brief formal discussion of the basic pharmacology of each ASM, this text emphasizes how to select and use ASMs in a variety of clinical contexts. The authors discuss choosing drugs when faced with various medical comorbidities; how to correctly prescribe, titrate, and taper drugs; how to monitor drug efficacy and side effects; how to diagnose and manage toxicity; interactions with other drugs; and other relevant issues. The text is designed to fill an unmet need and should lead to improved patient care.
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Mangham, Andrew. The Science of Starving in Victorian Literature, Medicine, and Political Economy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850038.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
What actually happens to our bodies when we starve? How does the sensation of hunger come about, and how exactly does going without food lead to death? Do we die from hunger, or do we die from the secondary conditions it causes? And how is the physiology of something so familiar to us, experienced by each of us every day, so little known? This book is the first study to suggest that these questions were first explored in detail in the nineteenth century. The Science of Starving in Victorian Literature, Medicine, and Political Economy is a reassessment of the languages and methodologies used, throughout the nineteenth century, for discussing extreme hunger. Set against the providentialism of conservative political economy, this study uncovers an emerging, dynamic way of describing literal starvation in the period’s medicine and physiology. No longer seen as a divine punishment for individual failings, starvation became, in the human sciences, a pathology whose horrific symptoms registered failings of state and statute. Providing new and historically rich readings of the works of Charles Kingsley, Elizabeth Gaskell, and Charles Dickens, this work suggests that the realism we have come to associate with Victorian social-problem fiction learned a vast amount from the empirical, materialist objectives of the medical sciences, and that, within the work of these intersections, we find important re-examinations of how we might think about this ongoing humanitarian issue.
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Bergman, Torbjörn, Hanna Back, and Johan Hellström, eds. Coalition Governance in Western Europe. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198868484.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Coalition government is the most frequent form of government in Western Europe, but there is relatively little systematic knowledge about how this form of government has developed in recent decades. This volume analyses governments that have formed in the Western European countries since the Second World War and covers the full life cycle of coalition governments from the formation of party alliances before elections to coalition formation after elections, governing and policy-making when parties work together in office, and the stages that eventually lead to governments terminating. Since the early 1990s, many coalition governments form in a context of increased fragmentation of party systems, increased polarization, and the rise of populist parties. The volume captures these changes and examines their implications for the different stages of the coalition life cycle. A particular emphasis of the volume is on the study of how coalitions govern together even when they have different agendas. Do individual ministers decide, or the prime minister, or are the policy outputs of a government a result of a process of coalition compromise? Focusing on the coalition governance stage, we analyse the variation in the use of various control mechanisms across countries, for example showing that many coalition governments draft extensive contracts to control their partners in cabinet. The volume covers 16 West European countries and introduces the case of Croatia. Systematic cross-national data is available in an online appendix.
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Clydesdale, Tim, and Kathleen Garces-Foley. The Twentysomething Soul. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190931353.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Few realize how much Americans’ journey through their twenties has changed during the past half-century or understand how incorrect popular assumptions about young adults’ religious, spiritual, and secular lives are. Today’s twentysomethings have been labelled the “lost generation”—for their presumed inability to identify and lead fulfilling lives, “kidults”—for their alleged refusal to “grow up” and accept adult responsibilities, and the “least religious generation”—for their purported disinterest in religion and spirituality. These characterizations are not only unflattering, they are deeply flawed. The Twentysomething Soul tells an optimistic story about American twentysomethings. Drawing on hundreds of interviews and a survey of thousands across America, it introduces readers to the full spectrum of American young adults, many of whom live purposefully, responsibly, and reflectively. Some prioritize faith and spirituality. Others reject their childhood religion to explore alternatives and practice a personal spirituality. Still others sideline religion and spirituality until their lives get settled or reject organized religion completely. There is change occurring in the religious and spiritual lives of young adults, but little of it is among the 1 in 4 American twentysomethings who have consistently prioritized religious commitment during the past half-century. The change is rather among the now 3 in 10 young adults who, though intentionally unaffiliated with religion, affirm a variety of religious, spiritual, and secular beliefs. The Twentysomething Soul will change the way readers view contemporary young adults, giving an accurate—and refreshing—understanding of their religious, spiritual, and secular lives.
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Hill, Jonathan. 6. Domicile, nationality, and habitual residence. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198732297.003.0006.
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The object of jurisdictional rules is to determine an appropriate forum and choice of law rules are designed to lead to the application of the most appropriate law, the law that generally the parties might reasonably expect to apply. The test for recognition of foreign judgments is not dissimilar. A judgment granted by an appropriate forum should normally be recognised. The problem is one of ascertaining the connecting factor (or factors) which would best satisfy the criterion of appropriateness. With regards to personal connecting factors, there is little international agreement as to the appropriate test of ‘belonging’. In England and most common law countries, the traditional personal connecting factor is domicile, which loosely translates as a person's permanent home. One of the problems here is that domicile is a connecting factor which is interpreted differently in various parts of the world. In contrast, most of continental Europe and other civil law countries have traditionally used nationality as the basic connecting factor, especially for choice of law purposes; the personal law is the law of the country of which the person is a citizen. In some countries, including England, another connecting factor, habitual residence, has emerged. This is increasingly being used for the purposes of jurisdiction rules and in the law relating to recognition of foreign judgments. This chapter examines each of these personal connecting factors. Primary emphasis is laid on domicile and habitual residence as the two main connecting factors employed by English law.
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Rafferty, Gerrard, and John Moxham. Assessment of Peripheral and Respiratory Muscle Strength in ICU. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199653461.003.0047.
Full textAbstract:
Skeletal muscle weakness affecting the respiratory and peripheral muscles is common in critically ill patients and can lead to difficulties in weaning, prolonged ICU admission, and significant morbidity in survivors. A number of techniques can be used to assess muscle strength. In the peripheral muscles, volitional techniques employing scoring systems or portable hand dynamometers are relatively simple and quick to use, requiring little or no specialist equipment. Such techniques can, however, only be applied to conscious and cooperative patients, preventing assessment of muscle weakness in many ICU patients. The volitional requirement also limits the ability to distinguish poor motivation and impaired cognition from true loss of muscle function. Non-volitional techniques involving motor nerve stimulation provide measures of muscle force production in non-cooperative patients but require specialist equipment. Normative data for comparative purposes are limited. Also, it is not clear which peripheral muscle best reflects generalized muscle weakness. Measurements of maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressures are widely used to assess respiratory muscle strength in ICU patients and are applicable to patients who can make some respiratory effort. As with all tests requiring patient cooperation, reliability is limited. Phrenic nerve stimulation allows direct, non-volitional assessment of diaphragm and phrenic nerve function, and normative values for comparative purposes are available. Magnetic phrenic nerve stimulation is well tolerated, can be performed in the presence of vascular catheters, and is used to document respiratory muscle weakness and track progression in critically ill patients.
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Kayser, Casey. Marginalized. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496835901.001.0001.
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In contrast to other literary genres, drama has received little attention in southern studies, and women playwrights in general receive less recognition than their male counterparts. This book addresses these gaps in its examination of the work of southern women playwrights, making the argument that representations of the American South on stage are complicated by difficulties of identity, genre, and region. Success in American drama is defined as having a play staged in the capital of theatre culture, New York City, the city that might be viewed as most antithetical to the South in terms of geography and ideology. Further, women playwrights, women playwrights of color, and those who express queer identities have been vocal about persistent inequities in American theatre which have created obstacles to their success. Drama creates unique problems for playwrights through its concentrated focus on place, dialect, and character; the multiple layers of authorship; the collective reception format; and the demand for exaggeration within production. These issues, as they interact with regional conditions and perceptions, pose problems for southern women playwrights in navigating how to represent a marginalized region on the stage. Through analysis of the dramatic texts, the rhetoric of reviews of productions, as well as what the playwrights themselves have said about their plays and its productions, this book delineates these challenges and argues that playwrights confront obstacles through various conscious strategies. These approaches lead audiences to reconsider monolithic understandings of northern and southern regions and ultimately, they create new visions of the South.
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Cormick, Craig, ed. Ned Kelly. CSIRO Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486301775.
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Ned Kelly was hanged at the Old Melbourne Gaol on 11 November 1880, and his body buried in the graveyard there. Many stories emerged about his skull being separated and used as a paperweight or trophy, and it was finally put on display at the museum of the Old Melbourne Gaol — until it was stolen in 1978.
It wasn’t only Ned Kelly’s skull that went missing. After the closure of the Old Melbourne Gaol in 1929, the remains of deceased prisoners were exhumed and reinterred in mass graves at Pentridge Prison. The exact location of these graves was unknown until 2002, when the bones of prisoners were uncovered at the Pentridge site during redevelopment. This triggered a larger excavation that in 2009 uncovered many more coffins, and led to the return of the skull and a long scientific process to try to identify and reunite Ned Kelly’s remains.
But how do you go about analysing and accurately identifying a skeleton and skull that are more than 130 years old? Ned Kelly: Under the Microscope details what was involved in the 20-month scientific process of identifying the remains of Ned Kelly, with chapters on anthropology, odontology, DNA studies, metallurgical analysis of the gang's armour, and archaeological digs at Pentridge Prison and Glenrowan. It also includes medical analysis of Ned's wounds and a chapter on handwriting analysis — that all lead to the final challenging conclusions.
Illustrated throughout with photographs taken during the forensic investigation, as well as historical images, the book is supplemented with breakout boxes of detailed but little-known facts about Ned Kelly and the gang to make this riveting story a widely appealing read.
Winner of the Collaborative Community Award at the 2015 Victorian Community History Awards.
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Brummer, Alex. The Great British Reboot. Yale University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300243499.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Taking a refreshingly realistic approach, this book outlines how our current moment can be reshaped into an unprecedented opportunity for economic prosperity. With a new long-term approach, Britain can capitalize on the ever-changing global market, its brilliant research universities, and new technological developments. The book creates an inspiring investigation into how careful planning and innovative reform can lead to a flourishing economy after Brexit. It begins with an examination of the contributions made by the activities that make the UK economy, such as the progress in research, pharmaceuticals, technology, software, and innovation, which can be traced back to the intellectual powerhouses of UK's institutions of higher learning. It cites finance as the highest UK earner of overseas income and a magnet for international institutions. The book describes London as the biggest financial centre outside New York, which has attracted even greater numbers of skilled financial traders since the EU referendum result of 2016. It also explains how the UK financial sector accommodated trading, provided credit, and raised new capital for troubled firms and those seeking post-Covid-19 opportunities. The book emphasizes the profound impact that Brexit has had on British and global trade and production associated with the coronavirus pandemic. It explores the little recognition given to the part that immigration has played in the advancement of the UK economy, and points out the latest long-term projections cite migration as one of the reasons why the UK economy will outpace that of France and other EU members in the 2020s. The book recounts that when Britain voted to leave the EU in June 2016, very few people envisaged the long timescale involved in navigating its departure. It analyses the Brexit disarray on all sides of the political and economic divide, and highlights interventions made by the UK government to put the economy on hold, so that when the pandemic has passed the economy can be brought back to life.
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Day, Walter. TWIN GALAXIES' OFFICIAL VIDEO GAME & PINBALLBOOK OF WORLD RECORDS; Arcade Volume, Second Edition. 2nd ed. 1st World Publishing, 2007.
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