Relevant bibliographies by topics / Leaf Litter

Academic literature on the topic 'Leaf Litter'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Leaf Litter"

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Candel-Pérez, David, J. Bosco Imbert, Maitane Unzu, and Juan A. Blanco. "Assessment of Leaf Litter Decomposition in a Pine and Beech Mixed Forest: Case Study in Northern Spain." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 3, no. 1 (November 10, 2020): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/iecf2020-07779.

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The promotion of mixed forests represents an adaptation strategy in forest management to cope with climate change. The mixing of tree species with complementary ecological traits may modify forest functioning regarding productivity, stability, or resilience against disturbances. Litter decomposition is an important process for global carbon and nutrient cycles in terrestrial ecosystems, also affecting the functionality and sustainability of forests. Decomposition of mixed-leaf litters has become an active research area because it mimics the natural state of leaf litters in most forests. Thus, it is important to understand the factors controlling decomposition rates and nutrient cycles in mixed stands. In this study, we conducted a litter decomposition experiment in a Scots pine and European beech mixed forest in the province of Navarre (north of Spain). The effects of forest management (i.e., different thinning intensities), leaf litter types, and tree canopy on mass loss and chemical composition in such decomposing litter were analysed over a period of three years. Higher decomposition rates were observed in leaf litter mixtures, suggesting the existence of positive synergies between both pine and beech litter types. Moreover, a decomposition process was favoured under mixed-tree canopy patches. Regarding thinning treatments significant differences on decomposition rates disappeared at the end of the study period. Time influenced the nutrient concentration after the leaf litter incubation, with significant differences in the chemical composition between the different types of leaf litter. Higher Ca and Mg concentrations were found in beech litter types than in pine ones. An increase in certain nutrients throughout the decomposition process was observed due to immobilization by microorganisms (e.g., Mg in all leaf litter types, K only in beech leaves, P in thinned plots and under mixed canopy). Evaluating the overall response in mixed-leaf litters and the contribution of single species is necessary for understanding the litter decomposition and nutrient processes in mixed-forest ecosystems.
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Bretherton, Welles D., John S. Kominoski, Dylan G. Fischer, and Carri J. LeRoy. "Salmon carcasses alter leaf litter species diversity effects on in-stream decomposition." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 8 (August 2011): 1495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-082.

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Marine-derived nutrients from salmon carcasses and leaf litter inputs from riparian vegetation may interactively support stream biodiversity and ecosystem functioning through enhanced resource heterogeneity. Using a full-factorial design of single- and mixed-species litters, we tested for influences of salmon carcasses on in-stream litter decomposition. Overall, nonadditive (synergistic and antagonistic) effects on decomposition were detected for litter species mixtures, and these effects were explained by litter species composition, but not species richness. In middle to late stages of decay, mixtures of labile (high-quality) litters showed faster than expected mass loss, and recalcitrant (low-quality) litter mixtures showed slower than expected mass loss. The presence or absence of each litter species differentially affected decomposition, but these patterns were stronger when salmon carcasses were available. Across all treatments, the influence of salmon carcasses on decomposition was most pronounced in mid-stages of litter decay, where deceleration of decomposition was likely caused by macroinvertebrates feeding on salmon carcasses and less on litter. Combined, these data demonstrate that salmon carcass inputs to streams can enhance detrital heterogeneity, alter interactions among species in litter mixtures, and influence ecosystem functioning (i.e., decomposition).
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Li, Qiwen, Ye Eun Lee, and Sangjun Im. "Characterizing the Interception Capacity of Floor Litter with Rainfall Simulation Experiments." Water 12, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 3145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12113145.

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Floor litter can reduce the amount of water reaching the soil layer through rainfall interception. The rainfall interception capacity of floor litter varies with the physical features of the litter and rainfall characteristics. This study aimed to define the maximum and minimum interception storages (Cmx, Cmn) of litter layers using rainfall simulation experiments, and examine the effects of litter type and rainfall characteristics on rainfall retention and drainage processes that occur in the litter layer. Different types of needle-leaf and broadleaf litters were used: Abies holophylla, Pinus strobus, Pinus rigida, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, and Sorbus alnifolia. Our results indicate a wide variation in interception storage values of needle leaf litter, regardless of the rainfall intensity and duration. The A. holophylla needle-leaf litter showed the highest Cmx and Cmn values owing to its short length and low porosity. Conversely, the lowest interception storage values were determined for the P. strobus needle leaf litter. No significant differences in interception storage were established for the broadleaf litter. Moreover, except for A. holophylla litter, the broadleaf litter retained more water than the needle leaf litter. An increase in the intensity or duration of rainfall events leads to an increase in the water retention storage of litter. However, these factors do not influence the litter’s drainage capacity, which depends primarily on the force of gravity.
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Colares, Lucas Ferreira. "Differences in leaf litter usage as food sources, refuge, and foraging substrates by invertebrates in forest and grasslands in the eastern Amazon." Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi - Ciências Naturais 16, no. 2 (September 7, 2021): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.46357/bcnaturais.v16i2.326.

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Forest conversion into grassland changes the environment, microhabitat, and food availability. Leaf litter microhabitats change from complex leaf variety piles to nutrient-poor grass heaps. In this context, this work aimed to investigate how the invertebrate compositions in the forest and grassland leaf litters differ in litter usage. To achieve this goal, litterbag traps were placed in four secondary forest samples and four grassland samples from the eastern Amazon. After litter exposure, the species were morphotyped and classified according to leaf litter usage as food, refuge, or foraging substrates. Disturbancesensible groups characterized the secondary forest, while disturbance-tolerant species characterized the grasslands. The proportion of individuals using litter as food in grasslands is almost twice that in the secondary forest, while the percentage of individuals using leaf litter as refuge is eighteen times higher in the forest than in the grasslands. It seems that predators forage in the leaf litter of the forest just as much as in grasslands. The greater proportion of invertebrates using litter as a refuge in the forest relates to the limiting space in the habitat. In turn, food availability is scarce in grasslands, so there is urgency in using litter as a food source in this case.
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Tan, Yu, Wanqin Yang, Xiangyin Ni, Bo Tan, Kai Yue, Rui Cao, Shu Liao, and Fuzhong Wu. "Soil fauna affects the optical properties in alkaline solutions extracted (humic acid-like) from forest litters during different phenological periods." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 99, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 195–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjss-2018-0081.

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The formation of soil organic matter via humification of plant litter is important for long-term carbon sequestration in forests; however, whether soil fauna affects litter humification is unclear. In this study, we quantified the effects of soil fauna on the optical properties (i.e., ΔlogK and E4/E6) of the alkaline-extracted humic acid-like solutions of four foliar litters by removing soil fauna via litterbags with different mesh sizes in two subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests. Litterbags were collected at the leaf falling, budding, expanding, maturation, and senescence stages from November 2013 to October 2015 to assess whether the effects of soil fauna on litter humification vary in different plant phenology periods. The results showed that soil fauna significantly reduced the ΔlogK and E4/E6 values in the leaf expanding stage of oak litter and in the leaf falling stage of camphor and fir litters. The richness index of soil fauna explained 21%, 55%, 19%, and 45% of the variations in the E4/E6 values for oak, fir, camphor, and pine litters, respectively. The effects of litter water content on these optical properties were greater than that of temperature. These results indicated that soil fauna plays a key role in litter humification in the leaf expanding and falling stages and are potentially involved in soil carbon sequestration in these subtropical forests.
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Irawan, Bambang, Aandi Saputra, Salman Farisi, Yulianty Yulianty, Sri Wahyuningsih, Noviany Noviany, Yandri Yandri, and Sutopo Hadi. "The use of cellulolytic <i>Aspergillus</i> sp. inoculum to improve the quality of Pineapple compost." AIMS Microbiology 9, no. 1 (2023): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/microbiol.2023003.

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<abstract> <p>Pineapple litter has a complex polymer of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, which makes them difficult to decompose. However, pineapple litter has great potential to be a good organic material source for the soil when completely decomposed. The addition of inoculants can facilitate the composting process. This study investigated whether the addition of cellulolytic fungi inoculants to pineapple litters improves the efficiency of the composting processes. The treatments were KP1 = pineapple leaf litter: cow manure (2:1), KP2 = pineapple stem litter: cow manure (2:1), KP3 = pineapple leaf litter: pineapple stem litter: cow manure P1 (leaf litter and 1% inoculum), P2 (stem litter and 1% inoculum), and P3 (leaf + stem litters and 1% inoculum). The result showed that the number of <italic>Aspergillus</italic> sp. spores on corn media was 5.64 x 10<sup>7</sup> spores/mL, with viability of 98.58%. <italic>Aspergillus</italic> sp. inoculum improved the quality of pineapple litter compost, based on the enhanced contents of C, N, P, K, and the C/N ratio, during the seven weeks of composting. Moreover, the best treatment observed in this study was P1. The C/N ratios of compost at P1, P2, and P3 were within the recommended range of organic fertilizer which was 15–25%, with a Carbon/Nitrogen proportion of 11.3%, 11.8%, and 12.4% (P1, P2, and P3), respectively.</p> </abstract>
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Liu, Shaqian, Rui Yang, and Chunlan Hou. "Effect of Enzyme Activity Changes on Decomposition Characteristics of Leaf Litter Mixed Decomposition of Configurated Tree Species in Ecological Tea Garden." Agriculture 13, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 394. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13020394.

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In the management of eco-tea gardens, the recycling of weathered leaves of the configured tree species plays an important role in the nutrients of the tea garden ecosystem. The in situ decomposition method was used to analyze the decomposition rate, elemental release, and enzymatic activity of different combinations of leaf litter in tea garden soil. The results showed that mixed decomposition accelerates the decomposition turnover period of Jiu’an ecological tea garden. The higher release rate of the litter improved the nutrient effectiveness in the ecological tea garden. The trends of CAT (catalase), AP (acid phosphatase), and PPO (polyphenol oxidase) activities were similar during the decomposition of different mixed leaf litters, while all other enzyme activities showed some differences. There were also some differences in the relationship between the enzyme activity and decomposition rate of leaf litter and the nutrient release rate related to the substrate mass content during the decomposition of leaf litter. Overall, the changes in the nutrient content of the leaf litter during decomposition promoted an increase in enzyme activity, which in turn promoted the release of leaf litter elements, shortened the turnover period of leaf litter decomposition, and accelerated the recycling of elements in the ecological tea garden.
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Lu, Ying, Liudong Zhang, Kun Li, Ruiqiang Ni, Rongchu Han, Chuanrong Li, Caihong Zhang, Weixing Shen, and Zhongjun Zhang. "Leaf and Root Litter Species Identity Influences Bacterial Community Composition in Short-Term Litter Decomposition." Forests 13, no. 9 (September 1, 2022): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13091402.

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Microorganisms play a crucial role in litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. The leaf and fine root litters of Robinia pseudoacacia Linn., Quercus acutissima Carr., Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. and Pinus densiflora Sieb. were analysed using the nylon litter bag method and Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing for the amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA V4–V5. We assessed the effects of leaf and root litter species on the bacterial community after one year’s decomposition. The results showed that (1) the remaining mass of fine root litter was smaller than that of the leaf litter for R. pseudoacacia and Q. acutissima, while the opposite result was found for P. tabulaeformis and P. densiflora. (2) The bacterial community structure in leaf litter was most highly correlated with the initial N content and N:P, while that in fine roots was most highly correlated with the lignin content. (3) The bacterial phyla Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes were significantly affected by litter and species, whereas the relative abundances of Firmicutes and Chloroflexi were only affected by litter tissues. The relative abundances of Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi in fine root litter were higher than those in leaf litter, while the opposite result was found for Bacteroidetes. The bacterial genera Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia, Sphingomonas and Mucilaginibacter were affected by litter tissues (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Burkholderia-Paraburkholderia in fine root litter was higher than that in leaf litter, while the opposite result was found for Bradyrhizobium, Sphingomonas and Mucilaginibacter. Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the relative abundances of the dominant phyla and genera were affected by the initial litter properties, especially for Bacteroides, Acidobacteria, Burkholderia and Sphingomonas. These findings indicate that litter tissues and their interactions with species are more important than the species in shaping the bacterial diversity and community composition, which was affected by the initial chemical properties of the litter.
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KUNDU, D. K. "Tropical leaf-litter nutrients." Nature 344, no. 6263 (March 1990): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/344203b0.

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Maltsev, Yevhen, and Irina Maltseva. "The influence of forest-forming tree species on diversity and spatial distribution of algae in forest litter." Folia Oecologica 45, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/foecol-2018-0008.

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Abstract The forest litter plays a significant role in forest ecosystems. The composition of the litter biota comprises micro- and mesofauna, and a great diversity of microorganisms, including unrecognized algae (eukaryotic representatives and Cyanoprokaryota). The aim of this work was to study the diversity of algae in the different types of forest litters and to clarify the relationship between the algae composition and the forest-forming tree species. Our results show that the pine forest litter is the most appropriate habitat for the development of green and yellow-green algae and that this litter type limits the variety of blue-green ones. The admixture of deciduous leaf litter to pine litter caused an increase in the species richness of blue-green algae and diatoms. The algae were unevenly distributed across the sub-horizons of pine litter. The highest species richness of algae was identified in the enzymatic sub-horizon of litter. The peculiarity of the composition of leaf litter algae was a significant variety of green, yellow-green and blue-green algae. The spatial organization of algae communities in the leaf litter was characterized by equal distribution of algae species in the litter-subhorizons.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Leaf Litter"

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Dale, Sarah Elizabeth. "Leaf litter decomposition in tropical forests : disentangling leaf litter quality, soil nutrients, climate and microbial decomposers." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.658223.

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Leaf litter decomposition in lowland tropical forests represents a significant flux of carbon (C) to the atmosphere, and is controlled by both extrinsic site conditions and intrinsic litter traits. However, there is a gap in the understanding about the relative importance of these two factors, and of the role of interactions between them. Global change drivers, such as mean annual precipitation (MAP) change and soil nitrogen (N) fertilisation by deposition, could affect both pathways simultaneously. In order to predict the response of the global C cycle to future change, a further understanding of such interactions is required, and is the focus of this thesis. Using a range of experimental factorial studies, in the field and laboratory, in mature tropical forests in Panama, the relative and interactive effects on decomposition of MAP, soil N and phosphorus (P) availability, litter species identity, and litter N and P status, were determined. Leaf litter species identity was a significant predictor of decomposition across the landscape, whilst soil C:N ratio was more important than MAP. Within species, elevated P concentration and decreased N:P ratio in litter was associated with decreased C mineralisation. Increased soil N availability altered microbial community composition, which increased decomposition of some leaf litter types. The results highlight litter traits as an important driver of decomposition via species identify and intra-species leaf litter chemistry. Also, the implications of decomposer activity and composition for decomposition will depend on litter traits. This thesis contributes valuable research evidence to augment current understanding of the importance of litter traits, and their interactions with decomposers, as a pathway through which global change drivers could affect the C cycle in tropical forests.
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Sayer, Emma Jane. "Leaf litter manipulation in a tropical forest." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615132.

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Schindler, Markus. "Effects of litter diversity, leaf quality and water chemistry on litter decomposition in streams /." Zürich : ETH, 2006. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=16789.

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Zukswert, Jenna Michelle. "How well do plant functional traits and leaf-litter traits predict rates of litter decomposition?" Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/57698.

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Foliar functional traits have been shown to strongly co-vary with each other and with rates of litter decomposition, demonstrating an “after-life effect” of foliar traits on ecosystem processes. Leaf-litter traits are often used to indicate substrate quality in decomposition studies. Chemical traits have been studied more extensively in the context of decomposition than physical traits such as specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf toughness, which impart information on litter structure and decomposer access. I investigated relationships among foliar and litter traits, and between traits and early mass-loss, in 14 plant species native to British Columbia. Both physical and chemical traits were measured in foliage and leaf litter of each species. Foliar traits novel to this kind of study include cuticle thickness and distance to lumen (DTL); novel litter traits include leaching loss and water uptake after 2 and 24 hours. Decomposition, as net proportion of mass lost over time, was measured in litterbags installed in a temperate rain forest at the University of British Columbia Farm in Vancouver. Mass loss was divided into two phases: Phase I from 0 to 3 months, and Phase II from 3 to 12 months. Foliar traits co-varied in ways predicted by the leaf economics spectrum hypothesis, and litter traits similarly co-varied. Trait-based relationships among species differed when using foliar traits and using litter traits, suggesting that the same traits measured in foliar and litter impart different meaning in the context of decomposition. Phase I was best predicted by leaching loss and litter traits, suggesting that leaching dominates Phase I, and Phase II was best predicted by foliar functional traits such as leaf dry matter content and nitrogen that relate to relative mesophyll abundance, suggesting that decomposer activity dominates Phase II. Physical traits predicted mass loss as well or better than chemical traits, and using both types of traits in correlative studies may provide insights into the processes that underlie litter decomposition.
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Li, Oi-yee. "Shredders and leaf litter breakdown in Hong Kong streams." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b40203505.

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Li, Oi-yee, and 李靄儀. "Shredders and leaf litter breakdown in Hong Kong streams." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40203505.

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Leung, Hing-cheung. "Aspects of leaf litter decomposition in Kandelia candel (L.) Druce /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1986. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12326082.

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Schlief, Jeanette. "The fate of leaf litter in extremely acidic mining waters." Berlin dissertation.de, 2005. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2828582&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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梁慶祥 and Hing-cheung Leung. "Aspects of leaf litter decomposition in Kandelia candel (L.) Druce." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207728.

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Osono, Takashi. "Fungal decomposition of leaf litter in a cool temperate forest." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/78146.

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Books on the topic "Leaf Litter"

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M, Amatya S., and Philip M. S, eds. Proceedings of the Third Meeting of Working Group on Fodder Trees, Forest Fodder, and Leaf Litter, Kathmandu, December 18-20, 1989. Kathmandu: Forest Research and Information Centre, Forest Research Division, Dept. of Forest and Plant Research, 1990.

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Day, Walter. Twin Galaxies' Official Video Game & Pinball Book Of World Records; Second Edition, Arcade Volume. Edited by Walter Day and Mr Kelly R. Flewin. Fairfield, IA: 1st World Publishing, 2007.

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Bulion, Leslie, and Robert Meganck. Leaf Litter Critters. Peachtree Publishing Company, 2018.

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Bulion, Leslie, and Robert Meganck. Leaf Litter Critters. Peachtree Publishing Company Inc., 2020.

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Tonkin, Rachel. Leaf Litter: Exploring the Mysteries of a Hidden World. HarperCollins Publishers Australia, 2010.

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Schofield, Judith Ann. The fate of condensed tannins during leaf litter decomposition. 1995.

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Heath, Brian E. Levels of asymbiotic nitrogen fixation in leaf litter in Northwest forests. 1985.

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Valachovic, Yana S. Leaf litter chemistry and decomposition in a Pacific Northwest Coniferous forest ecosystem. 1998.

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Stephenson, Steven. Secretive Slime Moulds. CSIRO Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486314140.

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Neither plants, nor animals, nor fungi, the myxomycetes are a surprisingly diverse and fascinating group of organisms. They spend the majority of their life out of sight as single-celled amoeboid individuals in leaf litter, soil or decaying wood, foraging for bacteria and other simple life forms. However, when conditions are right, two individual cells come together to give rise to a much larger, creeping structure called a plasmodium, which produces the even more complex and often beautiful fruiting bodies. Indeed, the fruiting bodies of myxomycetes are often miniature works of art! Their small size (usually only a few millimetres tall) and fleeting fruiting phase mean that these organisms, although ubiquitous and sometimes abundant, are overlooked by most people. However, recent research by a few dedicated individuals has shown that Australia has a very diverse myxomycete biota with more than 330 species, the largest number known for any region of the Southern Hemisphere. This comprehensive monograph provides keys, descriptions and information on the known distribution for all of these species in addition to containing introductory material relating to their biology and ecology. Many species are illustrated, showing the diversity of their fruiting bodies, and greatly facilitating their identification. This book will give naturalists a new insight into an often overlooked group of organisms in addition to providing an incentive to search for the many species which have undoubtedly thus far escaped notice.
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Pinckney, Jonathan C. From Dissent to Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190097301.001.0001.

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Under what conditions will successful nonviolent revolutions lead to democratization? While the scholarly literature has shown that nonviolent resistance has a positive effect on a country’s level of democracy, little research to date has disaggregated this population to explain which cases of successful nonviolent resistance lead to democracy and which do not. This book presents a theory of democratization in transitions initiated by nonviolent resistance based on the successful resolution of two central strategic challenges: maintaining high transitional mobilization and avoiding institutionally destructive maximalism. I test the theory, first, on a data set of every transition from authoritarian rule in the post–World War II period and, second, with three in-depth case studies informed by interviews with key decision-makers in Nepal, Zambia, and Brazil. The testing supports the importance of high mobilization and low maximalism. Both have strong, consistent effects on democratization after nonviolent resistance.
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Book chapters on the topic "Leaf Litter"

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Elosegi, Arturo. "Leaf Retention." In Methods to Study Litter Decomposition, 13–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30515-4_2.

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Gupta, S. R., and V. Malik. "Measurement of Leaf Litter Decomposition." In Analysis of Plant Waste Materials, 181–207. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03887-1_7.

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Bärlocher, Felix. "Leaf Mass Loss Estimated by the Litter Bag Technique." In Methods to Study Litter Decomposition, 43–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30515-4_6.

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Tian, Xing-jun, and Hiroshi Takeda. "Decomposition Process of Leaf Litter in a Coniferous Forest." In Environmental Forest Science, 223–30. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5324-9_23.

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Richardson, John S., and Dalal E. L. Hanna. "Leaf Litter Decomposition as a Contributor to Ecosystem Service Provision." In The Ecology of Plant Litter Decomposition in Stream Ecosystems, 511–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72854-0_22.

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Keiblinger, Katharina M., and Katharina Riedel. "Sample Preparation for Metaproteome Analyses of Soil and Leaf Litter." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 303–18. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8695-8_21.

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Hoover, Coeli M., and D. A. Crossley. "Leaf litter decomposition and microarthropod abundance along an altitudinal gradient." In The Significance and Regulation of Soil Biodiversity, 287–92. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0479-1_25.

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Ridge, Irene, John Walters, and Mike Street. "Algal growth control by terrestrial leaf litter: a realistic tool?" In The Ecological Bases for Lake and Reservoir Management, 173–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3282-6_16.

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Bremer, G. B. "Lower marine fungi (labyrinthulomycetes) and the decay of mangrove leaf litter." In Asia-Pacific Symposium on Mangrove Ecosystems, 89–95. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0289-6_12.

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Malayil, Sreesha, and Hoysall N. Chanakya. "Leaf Litter Biogas Digester Residue—A Nutrient Supplement for Mushroom Cultivation." In Bioresource Utilization and Bioprocess, 185–93. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1607-8_18.

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Conference papers on the topic "Leaf Litter"

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Weirauch, Christiane. "From leaf litter to canopy: Uncovering the biodiversity of Dipsocoromorpha." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94101.

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Linzmeier, Adelita Maria. "Discovering a new Alticini frontier: Leaf litter- and moss-inhabiting species." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.94378.

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Masunga, Gaseitsiwe Smollie, Banyana Kegoeng, Theophilus Kgosithaba, and Lucas Pius Rutina. "Decomposition of Tree Leaf Litter in Elephant-transformed Woodlands in Northern Botswana." In Environment and Water Resource Management / 837: Health Informatics / 838: Modelling and Simulation / 839: Power and Energy Systems. Calgary,AB,Canada: ACTAPRESS, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2316/p.2016.836-028.

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"Thermal and Physical Characteristics of Fuel Pellets from Para-Rubber Leaf Litter." In 6th International Conference on Biological, Chemical & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering (IICBEE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c0816217.

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Sembiring, Muhammad, and Bakti Waluyo. "Dry Leaf Litter Extraction as Natural Dye for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." In Proceedings of the the 3rd Annual Conference of Engineering and Implementation on Vocational Education, ACEIVE 2019, 16 November 2019, Universitas Negeri Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.16-11-2019.2293239.

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GAJALAKSHMI, S., E. V. RAMASAMY, and S. A. ABBASI. "COMPOSTING – VERMICOMPOSTING OF LEAF LITTER ENSUING FROM THE TREES OF MANGO (MANGIFERA INDICA)." In Proceedings of the Third Asia-Pacific Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812791924_0115.

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Hatmojo, Raden Bregas Dwi, Randitia Andika Putra, Lasta Azmillah Akbar, Hafizha Mulyasih, and Yulianto Sulistyo Nugroho. "Experimental study on leaf litter briquettes combustion as alternative energy source for cooking." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRENDS IN MATERIAL SCIENCE AND INVENTIVE MATERIALS: ICTMIM 2020. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0013690.

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Blohina, N. A., M. S. Artem'ev, T. R. Garipov, and T. V. Leonidova. "Comparison of the chemical composition of leaves and leaf litter of various woody plants." In SCIENCE OF RUSSIA: GOALS AND OBJECTIVES. L-Journal, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/sr-10-02-2021-10.

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Yunasfi, Dinda Dwi Utami Sirait, and Budi Utomo. "Rhizophora mucronata Leaf Litter Decomposition by Fungi on Various Level of Salinity in Belawan." In International Conference on Natural Resources and Technology. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008553603090315.

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Alencar, Mery, Ana Asato, and Adriano Caliman. "Decomposability and un-Coordination between Flower and Leaf Litter <sup>†</sup>." In 1st International Electronic Conference on Biological Diversity, Ecology and Evolution. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bdee2021-09496.

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Reports on the topic "Leaf Litter"

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Short, Mary, and Sherry Leis. Vegetation monitoring in the Manley Woods unit at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield: 1998–2020. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293615.

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Natural resource management at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield (NB) is guided by our understanding of the woodlands and prairies at the time of the Civil War battle in 1861. This report is focused on the Manley Woods unit of the park. This unit is an oak-hickory woodland in the Springfield Plain subsection of the Ozarks. Canopy closure for Missouri oak woodlands can be highly variable and ranges from 30–100% across the spectrum of savanna, open woodland, and closed woodland types. In 1861, the woodland was likely a savanna community. Changes in land use (e.g., fire exclusion) caused an increase in tree density in woodlands at Wilson’s Creek NB and across the Ozarks. Savannas and open woodlands transitioned to closed canopy woodlands over time. Park management plans include restoring the area to a savanna/open woodland structure. Prescribed fire was reintroduced to Wilson’s Creek NB in 1988 and continues as the primary mechanism for reducing the tree canopy. The Manley Woods unit of Wilson’s Creek NB has been subject to intense natural and anthropogenic disturbance events such as a tornado in 2003, timber removal in 2005, prescribed fires in 2006, 2009, and 2019, an ice storm in 2007, and periodic drought. The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (hereafter, Heartland Network) installed four permanent monitoring sites within the Manley Woods area of the park in 1997. Initially, we assessed ground flora and regeneration within the sites (1998–1999). We added fuel sampling after the 2003 tornado. Although overstory sampling occurred prior to the tornado, the protocol was not yet stabilized and pre-2003 overstory data were not included in these analyses. In this report, we focus on the overstory, tree regeneration, and ground cover metrics; ground flora data will be assessed in future analyses. Heartland Network monitoring data reveal that Manley Woods has undergone substantial change in canopy cover and midstory trees since 1998. While basal area and density metrics classify Manley Woods as an open woodland, the closed canopy of the midstory and overstory reveal a plant community that is moving toward closed woodland or forest structure. The most recent fire in 2019 was patchy and mild, resulting in continued increases in fuels. Ground cover metrics indicate infrequent disturbance since leaf litter continued to increase. Management objectives to restore savanna or woodland composition and structure to the Manley Woods overstory, regeneration layer, and ground cover will require implementation of prescribed fire in the future. Repeated fires can thin midstory trees and limit less fire tolerant early seral species. Additionally, mechanical or chemical treatments to reduce undesirable tree species should be considered for woodland restoration. Decreasing canopy closure is an important and essential step toward the restoration of a functioning savanna/open woodland plant community in Manley Woods. Treatments that thin the midstory and reduce fuel loading will also benefit these plant communities. With the anticipated changing climate, maintaining an open woodland community type may also provide resilience through management for native species tolerant of increasingly warmer temperatures.
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Citovsky, Vitaly, and Yedidya Gafni. Nuclear Import of the Tomato Yellow Curl Leaf Virus in Tomato Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568765.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of cultivated tomato, causing up to 100% crop loss in many parts of the world. In Israel the disease is well known and has an economic significance. In recent years viral symptoms were found in countries of the "New World" and since 1997, in Florida. Surprisingly, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of TYLCV interaction with the host plant cells. This proposal was aimed at expanding our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TYLCV enters the host cell nucleus. The main objective was to elucidate the TYLCV protein(s) involved in transport of the viral genomic DNA into the host cell nucleus. This goal was best served by collaboration between our laboratories one of which (V.C.) was already investigating the nuclear import of the T-DNA ofAgrobacterium tumefaciens, and the other (Y.G.) was studying the effect of TYLCV capsid protein (CP) in transgenic plants, hypothesizing its involvement in the viral nuclear entry. Three years of our collaborative work have provided signifcant data that strongly support our original hypothesis of the involvement of TYLCtr CP in viral nuclear import. Furthermore, our results have laid a foundation to study fundamental, but as yet practically unresolved, questions about the role ofthe host cell factors in the nuclear import of geminiviruses within their host plant. As a result, this research may lead to development of new approaches for plant protection based on control of TYLCV import to the host plant cell nucleus.
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Frisancho, Verónica, Alejandro Herrera, and Eduardo Nakasone. Does Gender and Sexual Diversity Lead to Greater Conflict in the School? Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004451.

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This paper analyzes the relationship between the presence of LGBTQI students in the class-room and the prevalence of violence in the school setting. We rely on a representative sample of secondary schools in Uruguay and exploit variation in the share of LGBTQI students across classrooms to study how their presence affects the individual experience of violence. Our results show little support for the contact hypothesis: a larger share of LGBTQI students in the classroom has no impact on the individual experience of violence. On the contrary, a greater share of female LGBTQI students in the classroom is associated with greater psychological and physical violence among girls, irrespective of their gender identity or sexual orientation.
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Horwitz, Benjamin, and Nicole M. Donofrio. Identifying unique and overlapping roles of reactive oxygen species in rice blast and Southern corn leaf blight. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2017.7604290.bard.

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Plants and their fungal pathogens both produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). CytotoxicROS act both as stressors and signals in the plant-fungal interaction. In biotrophs, a compatible interaction generates little ROS, but is followed by disease. An incompatible interaction results in a strong oxidative burst by the host, limiting infection. Necrotrophs, in contrast, thrive on dead and dying cells in an oxidant-rich local environment. Rice blast, Magnaportheoryzae, a hemibiotroph, occurs worldwide on rice and related hosts and can decimate enough rice each year to feed sixty million people. Cochliobolusheterostrophus, a necrotroph, causes Southern corn leaf blight (SLB), responsible for a major epidemic in the 1970s. The objectives of our study of ROS signaling and response in these two cereal pathogens were: Confocal imaging of ROS production using genetically encoded redox sensor in two pathosystems over time. Forward genetic screening of HyPer sensor lines in two pathosystems for fungal genes involved in altered ROSphenotypes. RNA-seq for discovery of genes involved in ROS-related stress and signaling in two pathosystems. Revisions to the research plan: Library construction in SLB was limited by low transformation efficiency, compounded by a protoplasting enzyme being unavailable during most of year 3. Thus Objective 2 for SLB re-focused to construction of sensor lines carrying deletion mutations in known or candidate genes involved in ROS response. Imaging on rice proved extremely challenging, so mutant screening and imaging were done with a barley-infecting line, already from the first year. In this project, ROS imaging at unprecedented time and spatial resolution was achieved, using genetically-encoded ratio sensors in both pathogens. This technology is currently in use for a large library of rice blast mutants in the ROS sensor background, and Southern corn leaf blight mutants in final stages of construction. The imaging methods developed here to follow the redox state of plant pathogens in the host tissue should be applicable to fungal pathogens in general. Upon completion of mutant construction for SCLB we hope to achieve our goal of comparison between intracellular ROS status and response in hemibiotroph and necrotroph cereal pathogens.
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Mudge, Christopher R., Kurt D. Getsinger, and Benjamin P. Sperry. Simulated Herbicide Spray Retention on Floating Aquatic Plants as Affected by Carrier Volume and Adjuvant Type. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44540.

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Foliar delivery of herbicides is a common means for plant management in aquatic environments. Though this technique is decades old, little is known about vegetative spray retention relative to this application method. A more complete understanding of maximizing herbicide retention could lead to improved plant management while simultaneously decreasing pesticide load in aquatic environments. Therefore, outdoor mesocosm experiments were conducted in 2020 to evaluate the effect of adjuvant type on foliar spray retention in waterhyacinth [Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms]. Additionally, the effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.), and giant salvinia (Salvinia molesta D.S. Mitchell) was documented. Spray deposition did not differ among the nine adjuvants tested; however, spray retention was reduced 6% to 11% when an adjuvant was excluded from the spray solution. The effect of carrier volume on spray retention in waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia was also investigated. Decreases in spray retention were most sensitive to increased carrier volume in waterhyacinth, followed by giant salvinia and waterlettuce. Among species, spray retention potential, as determined by intercept estimates, was greatest in waterlettuce and giant salvinia regardless of carrier volume. Asymptotes estimates for waterhyacinth, waterlettuce, and giant salvinia were 33%, 46%, and 79% spray retention, respectively. In other words, spray retention was the lowest and remained relatively constant at these values for the high carrier volumes tested (935 and 1,870 L ha⁻¹), which were likely due to the presence of pubescence on leaves and flatter leaf architecture represented by waterlettuce and giant salvinia compared to the glabrous vertical leaves of waterhyacinth. Future research will evaluate these concepts under field condition.
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Barquet, Karina, Lisa Segnestam, and Sarah Dickin. MapStakes: a tool for mapping, involving and monitoring stakeholders in co-creation processes. Stockholm Environment Insitute, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.014.

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Despite widespread use of stakeholder approaches in environmental research, the tools and methodologies for mapping and involving actors are not particularly robust. Existing approaches can lead to methodological ambiguity, limited transparency in the process of stakeholder selection, and lack of robustness when monitoring and evaluating these processes. To respond to these challenges, we developed a tool for increasing objectivity of stakeholder mapping, engagement, and monitoring of co-creation processes. The tool provides a stepwise approach for users with little or no experience of participatory methods.
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Citovsky, Vitaly, and Yedidya Gafni. Viral and Host Cell Determinants of Nuclear Import and Export of the Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus in Tomato Plants. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7585200.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl geminivirus (TYLCV) is a major pathogen of cultivated tomato, causing up to 100% crop loss in many parts of the world. In Israel, where TYLCV epidemics have been recorded since the 1960' s, this viral disease is well known and has been of economic significance ever since. In recent years, TYLCV outbreaks also occurred in the "New World" - Cuba, The Dominican Republic, and in the USA, in Florida, Georgia and Louisiana. Thus, TYLCV substantially hinders tomato growth throughout the world. Surprisingly, however, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of TYLCV interaction with the host tomato cells. The present proposal, a continuation of the project supported by BARD from 1994, expanded our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which TYLCV enters the host cell nucleus for replication and transcription and exits it for the subsequent cell-to-cell spread. Our project sought two objectives: I. To study the roles of the viral capsid protein (CP) and host cell factors in TYLCV nuclear import. II. To study the roles of CP and host cell factors in TYLCV nuclear export. Our research toward these goals have produced the following major achievements: . Developed a one-hybrid assay for protein nuclear export and import (#3 in the List of Publications). . Identified a functional nuclear export signal (NES) in the capsid protein (CP) of TYLCV (#3 in the List of Publications). . Discovered homotypic interactions between intact TYLCV CP molecules and analyzed these interactions using deletion mutagenesis of TYLCV CP (#5 in the List of Publications). . Showed developmental and tissue-specific expression of the host factor required for nuclear import of TYLCV CP, tomato karyopherin alpha 1, in transgenic tomato plants (#14 in the List of Publications). . By analogy to nuclear import of TYLCV ,identified an Arabidopsis VIPI protein that participates in nuclear import of Agrobacterium T -complexes via the karyopherin alpha pathway (#4,6, and 8 in the List of Publications). These research findings provided significant insights into (i) the molecular pathway of TYLCV entry into the host cell nucleus, and (ii) the mechanism by which TYLCV is exported from the nucleus for the cell-to-cell spread of infection. Furthermore, the obtained knowledge will help to develop specific strategies to attenuate TYLCV infection, for example, by blocking viral entry into and/or exit out of the host cell nucleus. Also, as much of our findings is relevant to all geminiviruses, new anti- TYLCV approaches developed based on the results of our research will be useful to combat other members of the Geminivirus family. Finally, in addition to the study of TYLCV nuclear import and export, our research contributed to our understanding of general mechanisms for nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of proteins and nucleic acids in plant cells.
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Levin, Ilan, John Thomas, Moshe Lapidot, Desmond McGrath, and Denis Persley. Resistance to Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) in tomato: molecular mapping and introgression of resistance to Australian genotypes. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7613888.bard.

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Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes. Although first identified in the Mediterranean region, it is now distributed world-wide. Sequence analysis of the virus by the Australian group has shown that the virus is now present in Australia. Despite the importance of the disease and extensive research on the virus, very little is known about the resistance genes (loci) that determine host resistance and susceptibility to the virus. A symptom-less resistant line, TY-172, was developed at the Volcani Center which has shown the highest resistance level among all tested varieties. Preliminary results show that TY-172 is a good candidate to confer resistance to both TYLCV and to Tomato leaf curl virus (ToLCV) in Queensland conditions. Furthermore, Segregation analysis has previously indicated that the resistance is determined by 2-3 genes. In this proposal we aimed to substantiate that TY-172 can contribute to resistance breeding against TYLCV in Queensland, to develop DNA markers to advance such resistance breeding in both Israel and Queensland, and to exploit these markers for resistant breeding in Australian and Israeli lines. To map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling TYLCVresistance in TY172, appropriate segregating populations were analyzed using 69 polymorphic DNA markers spanning the entire tomato genome. Results show that TYLCV resistance in TY172 is controlled by a previously unknown major QTL, originating from the resistant line, and four additional minor QTLs. The major QTL, termed Ty-5, maps to chromosome 4 and accounts for 39.7-to-46.6% of the variation in symptom severity among segregating plants (LOD score: 33-to-35). The minor QTLs, originated either from the resistant or susceptible parents, were mapped to chromosomes 1, 7, 9 and 11, and contributed 12% to the variation in symptom severity in addition to Ty-5. Further analysis of parental lines as well as large F₁, BC₁F₁, F₂ and BC₁F₂ populations originating from crosses carried out, in reciprocal manner, between TY172 and the susceptible processing line M-82 (LA3475) during spring-summer 2010, indicated that: (1) the minor QTLs we have previously identified are in effect not reproducible, (2)Ty-5 alone can yield highly resistant plants with practically no extra-chromosomal effects, and (3) the narrow-sense heritability estimate of resistance levels, attributed to additive factors responsive to selection, does not significantly deviate from 1. All of these results point to Ty-5 as the sole resistance locus in TY172 thus significantly increasing the likelihood of its successful molecular dissection. The DNA markers developed during the course of this study were transferred together with the TY172 genotype to Queensland. TY172 was crossed to a panel of Australian genotypes and the resulting populations were subjected to segregation analysis. Results showed that resistant locus, Ty-5, is highly reproducible in the Australian conditions as well. The Australian group was also able to make improvements to the marker assays by re-designing primer pairs to provide more robust PCR fragments. The Ty-5 locus has now been introgressed into elite Australian germplasm and selection for TYLCV resistance has begun. Cumulatively, our results show that Ty-5 can be effectively used, together with the TY172 genotype to expedite TYLCV resistance breeding and improve our understanding of the genetics that underline the response of tomato to TYLCV. Contributions to agriculture include: (1) the development of tools for more efficient resistance breeding, allowing the incorporation of resistance to local tomato varieties in Australia, Israel and elsewhere; and (2) establish a solid framework for a future attempt to clone the genes that encode such resistance. The latter will enable to decipher the resistance mechanisms that could be applied to other geminiviruses in tomato and possibly in other plant species.
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Hastings, Rachel, Meghan Quinn, Andrew Bernier, and Craig Rutland. A review of airfield pavement drainage guidance. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45720.

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Inadequate drainage conditions may lead to airfield pavement deterioration. A thorough review of existing pavement drainage guidance and literature was necessary to identify key drainage considerations such as surface drainage infrastructure, pavement drainage layer thickness, use of geotextiles, and performance in freeze–thaw climates. Existing airport drainage guidance is provided by the Unified Facilities Criteria (UFC), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), and the Tri-Service Pavements Working Group (TSPWG). Pavement drainage guidance is buried within regulations for pavement de-sign and can, at times, be split awkwardly to accommodate pavement guidance that is split between rigid and flexible designs. Most airfield pavement guidance has been adapted from guidance for highway design. Most guidance is also strength based, with little to no attention paid to material erodibility (a potential cause of pavement deterioration). This review also found very little reference to repairing, rather than completely replacing, damaged subsurface drainage layers. Further research is needed to assess the use of geofabrics and moisture in freeze–thaw conditions on drainage layers and surface structures. With further research, the retrofit and repair of existing subpavement systems might become a more economical solution to drainage-caused pavement deterioration issues than complete reconstruction.
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Harms, Nathan, and Judy Shearer. Spatial and temporal variability of the Alligatorweed pathogen, Alternaria alternantherae, in Louisiana. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44402.

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Alligatorweed leaf spot is a disease of invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides (Alligatorweed) in the southern US, caused by Alternaria alternantherae. However, little is known about when or where this pathogen naturally occurs. To better understand this species’ life history, we examined temporal (every 2–3 weeks) and spatial (latitudinal) patterns of A. alternantherae occurrence at sites in Louisiana for 2 y. Pathogen presence reflected clear within-year temporal and spatial patterns. Overall, the percentage of leaves infected with A. alternantherae was low during spring each year (0–20% infected) but increased throughout summer (maximum of 50% infected), and plants in northern sites had lower frequency of infection relative to southern sites until later in the year (late summer/early fall) but only in 1 of the 2 years of our study. The mean proportion of leaves infected with A. alternantherae declined with latitude both years (P = 0.01) and variability increased with latitude (P = 0.04), a pattern suggestive of range limitation in northern areas. We estimate a northern distributional limit of 34°N for A. alternantherae in Louisiana, but Alligatorweed occurs farther north. Although we did not directly examine disease impacts to Alligatorweed during the study, they may be greatest in southern areas, where the pathogen is more common early and throughout the growing season, and thus may be less likely to provide control in northern infestations of the invasive Alligatorweed.
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