Academic literature on the topic 'Leaf level data'
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Journal articles on the topic "Leaf level data"
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Kumar, L. "High-spectral resolution data for determining leaf water content inEucalyptusspecies: leaf level experiments." Geocarto International 22, no. 1 (March 2007): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10106040701204396.
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Castro-Esau, K. "Discrimination of lianas and trees with leaf-level hyperspectral data." Remote Sensing of Environment 90, no. 3 (April 15, 2004): 353–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2004.01.013.
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Ely, Kim S., Alistair Rogers, Deborah A. Agarwal, Elizabeth A. Ainsworth, Loren P. Albert, Ashehad Ali, Jeremiah Anderson, et al. "A reporting format for leaf-level gas exchange data and metadata." Ecological Informatics 61 (March 2021): 101232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2021.101232.
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Abdel-Rahman, Elfatih M., Mike Way, Fethi Ahmed, Riyad Ismail, and Elhadi Adam. "Estimation of thrips (Fulmekiola serrataKobus) density in sugarcane using leaf-level hyperspectral data." South African Journal of Plant and Soil 30, no. 2 (June 2013): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2013.803616.
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Mzinyane, Thamsanqa D., Jan van Aardt, and Fethi Ahmed. "Estimation of Merchantable Volume of Eucalyptus Clones Based on Leaf-Level Hyperspectral Data." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing 8, no. 6 (June 2015): 3095–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstars.2015.2400573.
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Fernández, Claudio I., Brigitte Leblon, Ata Haddadi, Jinfei Wang, and Keri Wang. "Potato Late Blight Detection at the Leaf and Canopy Level Using Hyperspectral Data." Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 46, no. 4 (June 2, 2020): 390–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2020.1769471.
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Neinavaz, Elnaz, Andrew K. Skidmore, Roshanak Darvishzadeh, and Thomas A. Groen. "LEAF AREA INDEX RETRIEVED FROM THERMAL HYPERSPECTRAL DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 20, 2016): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b7-99-2016.
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Leaf area index (LAI) is an important essential biodiversity variable due to its role in many terrestrial ecosystem processes such as evapotranspiration, energy balance, and gas exchanges as well as plant growth potential. A novel approach presented here is the retrieval of LAI using thermal infrared (8–14 μm, TIR) measurements. Here, we evaluate LAI retrieval using TIR hyperspectral data. Canopy emissivity spectral measurements were recorded under controlled laboratory conditions using a MIDAC (M4401-F) illuminator Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer for two plant species during which LAI was destructively measured. The accuracy of retrieval for LAI was then assessed using partial least square regression (PLSR) and narrow band index calculated in the form of normalized difference index from all possible combinations of wavebands. The obtained accuracy from the PLSR for LAI retrieval was relatively higher than narrow-band vegetation index (0.54 < R<sup>2</sup> < 0.74). The results demonstrated that LAI may successfully be estimated from hyperspectral thermal data. The study highlights the potential of hyperspectral thermal data for retrieval of vegetation biophysical variables at the canopy level for the first time.
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Neinavaz, Elnaz, Andrew K. Skidmore, Roshanak Darvishzadeh, and Thomas A. Groen. "LEAF AREA INDEX RETRIEVED FROM THERMAL HYPERSPECTRAL DATA." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B7 (June 20, 2016): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b7-99-2016.
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Leaf area index (LAI) is an important essential biodiversity variable due to its role in many terrestrial ecosystem processes such as evapotranspiration, energy balance, and gas exchanges as well as plant growth potential. A novel approach presented here is the retrieval of LAI using thermal infrared (8–14 μm, TIR) measurements. Here, we evaluate LAI retrieval using TIR hyperspectral data. Canopy emissivity spectral measurements were recorded under controlled laboratory conditions using a MIDAC (M4401-F) illuminator Fourier Transform Infrared spectrometer for two plant species during which LAI was destructively measured. The accuracy of retrieval for LAI was then assessed using partial least square regression (PLSR) and narrow band index calculated in the form of normalized difference index from all possible combinations of wavebands. The obtained accuracy from the PLSR for LAI retrieval was relatively higher than narrow-band vegetation index (0.54 < R<sup>2</sup> < 0.74). The results demonstrated that LAI may successfully be estimated from hyperspectral thermal data. The study highlights the potential of hyperspectral thermal data for retrieval of vegetation biophysical variables at the canopy level for the first time.
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Xavier, Alexandre Cândido, and Carlos Alberto Vettorazzi. "Monitoring leaf area index at watershed level through NDVI from Landsat-7/ETM+ data." Scientia Agricola 61, no. 3 (June 2004): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162004000300001.
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Leaf area index (LAI) is an important parameter of the vegetation canopy, and is used, for instance, to estimate evapotranspiration, an important component of the hydrological cycle. This work analyzed the relationship between LAI, measured in field, and NDVI from four dates (derived from Landsat-7/ETM+ data), and with such vegetation index, to generate and analyze LAI maps of the study area for the diverse dates. LAI data were collected monthly in the field with LAI-2000 equipment in stands of sugar cane, pasture, corn, eucalypt, and riparian forest. The relationships between LAI and NDVI were adjusted by a potential model; 57% to 72% of the NDVI variance were explained by the LAI. LAI maps generated by empirical relationships between LAI and NDVI showed reasonable precision (standard error of LAI estimate ranged from 0.42 to 0.87 m² m-2). The mean LAI value of each monthly LAI map was shown to be related to the total precipitation in the three previous months.
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Ni, Zhuoya, Zhigang Liu, Hongyuan Huo, Zhao-Liang Li, Françoise Nerry, Qingshan Wang, and Xiaowen Li. "Early Water Stress Detection Using Leaf-Level Measurements of Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Temperature Data." Remote Sensing 7, no. 3 (March 20, 2015): 3232–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs70303232.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Leaf level data"
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Dastile, Xolani Collen. "Improved tree species discrimination at leaf level with hyperspectral data combining binary classifiers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002807.
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The purpose of the present thesis is to show that hyperspectral data can be used for discrimination between different tree species. The data set used in this study contains the hyperspectral measurements of leaves of seven savannah tree species. The data is high-dimensional and shows large within-class variability combined with small between-class variability which makes discrimination between the classes challenging. We employ two classification methods: G-nearest neighbour and feed-forward neural networks. For both methods, direct 7-class prediction results in high misclassification rates. However, binary classification works better. We constructed binary classifiers for all possible binary classification problems and combine them with Error Correcting Output Codes. We show especially that the use of 1-nearest neighbour binary classifiers results in no improvement compared to a direct 1-nearest neighbour 7-class predictor. In contrast to this negative result, the use of neural networks binary classifiers improves accuracy by 10% compared to a direct neural networks 7-class predictor, and error rates become acceptable. This can be further improved by choosing only suitable binary classifiers for combination.
Books on the topic "Leaf level data"
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Baburina, Ol'ga. World economy and international economic relations. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1039802.
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The main provisions of the theory of the world economy and international economic relations are presented. The strengthening of the integrity of the world economy is justified. The most important indicators from the point of view of system analysis are given. The concepts, concepts and dynamics of development of key forms of international economic relations are revealed. The construction of the balance of payments of various countries is analyzed. In the proposed publication, to control the level of mastering the discipline on each topic, tests, topics of reports and abstracts are given, practice-oriented tasks are developed based on objective statistical data of recent years. Meets the requirements of the Federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For bachelors studying in the field of Economics, it can be useful for teachers who lead the disciplines "World economy", "World economy and international economic relations", as well as for anyone interested in the processes taking place in the modern world economic system and the role of Russia in it.
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Office, General Accounting. Medicaid: Elevated blood lead levels in children : report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Government Reform and Oversight, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.
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Mano, Rui, Minsuk Kim, and Mico Mrkaic. Do FX Interventions Lead to Higher FX Debt? Evidence from Firm-Level Data. International Monetary Fund, 2020.
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Mano, Rui, Minsuk Kim, and Mico Mrkaic. Do FX Interventions Lead to Higher FX Debt? Evidence from Firm-Level Data. International Monetary Fund, 2020.
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Mano, Rui, Minsuk Kim, and Mico Mrkaic. Do FX Interventions Lead to Higher FX Debt? Evidence from Firm-Level Data. International Monetary Fund, 2020.
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Weaver, Virginia M., Bernard G. Jaar, and Jeffrey J. Fadrowski. Kidney Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190662677.003.0031.
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This chapter describes kidney disorders related to occupational and environmental exposures and addresses prevention and control. Sections address assessment of kidney function, acute kidney injury, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Kidney disease from acute, high-level exposures as well as lower level exposures in combination with other CKD risk factors are considered. Established nephrotoxicants, including aristolochic acid, arsenic, cadmium, lead, melamine, mercury, silica, and solvents, are discussed. The limited data available on other agents, such as perfluorooctanoic acid and fine particulate matter, are also presented. The potential for kidney function to impact biomarker levels is considered. A final section addresses a current epidemic of CKD of unknown etiology in agricultural workers in specific countries.
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Amin, Mohammad, and Yew Chong Soh. Does Greater Regulatory Burden Lead to More Corruption? Evidence Using Firm-Level Survey Data for Developing Countries. World Bank, Washington, DC, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-9149.
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Pinckney, Jonathan C. From Dissent to Democracy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190097301.001.0001.
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Under what conditions will successful nonviolent revolutions lead to democratization? While the scholarly literature has shown that nonviolent resistance has a positive effect on a country’s level of democracy, little research to date has disaggregated this population to explain which cases of successful nonviolent resistance lead to democracy and which do not. This book presents a theory of democratization in transitions initiated by nonviolent resistance based on the successful resolution of two central strategic challenges: maintaining high transitional mobilization and avoiding institutionally destructive maximalism. I test the theory, first, on a data set of every transition from authoritarian rule in the post–World War II period and, second, with three in-depth case studies informed by interviews with key decision-makers in Nepal, Zambia, and Brazil. The testing supports the importance of high mobilization and low maximalism. Both have strong, consistent effects on democratization after nonviolent resistance.
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Ferlie, Ewan, Sue Dopson, Chris Bennett, Michael D. Fischer, Jean Ledger, and Gerry McGivern. A review of literature and perspectives on management knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198777212.003.0002.
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This chapter presents the different theoretical texts that informed our study and interpretation of empirical data. We review selected health services and social science literature to provide insights on the mobilization of knowledge in the health care sector, with specific attention to practice-based examples. We include a critical reading of perspectives on evidence-based management (EBMgt) which takes its lead from evidence-based medicine (EBM). Drawing on insights from the strategic management literature, and the Resource-Based View (RBV), we discuss how knowledge is understood as a valuable asset, and explore some implications for public services and health care settings. We conclude by contributing a novel perspective on the political economy of public management knowledge production—a macro-level analysis that seeks to explore how interactions at the political, economic, and policy levels shape the institutional context for management knowledge use in the public sector.
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South, Mikle, John D. Herrington, and Sarah J. Paterson. Neuroimaging in Autism Spectrum Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199744312.003.0003.
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This chapter reviews several major themes in the neuroimaging of ASDs to date (see summary of representative themes in Table 3.1), including substantial and essential contributions from the modular framework. The chapter begins, however, with a discussion of several challenges related to the diversity of ASDs in terms of factors such as age, level of functioning, and symptom presentation. Progress in the ability to identify more homogenous subgroups, based on targeted phenotypic measures, opens the door to link neuroimaging with genetics findings and also with treatment outcome data. This should lead to better understanding of both the causes of ASDs and the best approaches to intervention. The chapter is divided according to two broad, related themes related to social information processing and cognitive factors in ASDs. Within these themes, the chapter considers evidence from both structural and functional imaging studies as well as relatively newer approaches to connectivity, including diffusion tensor imaging. The primary focus of this chapter is on research utilizing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). Although several early neuroimaging studies utilized positron emission tomography scanning, these studies are rare now and are not addressed in depth. New techniques such as near-infrared spectroscopy suggest tremendous promise for noninvasive imaging of expanded age groups and severity levels of ASDs; however, these studies are also few in number and are touched on only briefly.
Book chapters on the topic "Leaf level data"
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Schweiger, Anna K. "Spectral Field Campaigns: Planning and Data Collection." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 385–423. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_15.
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AbstractThis chapter focuses on planning field campaigns and data collection relevant to plant biodiversity. Particular emphasis is placed on sampling spectra of plants across scales, from the leaf to the canopy and airborne level, considering the issue of matching ecological data with spectra. The importance of planning is highlighted from the perspective of the long-term sustainability of a project, which includes using and contributing to the development of standards for project documentation and archiving. These issues are critical to biodiversity researchers involved in data collection in situ and via remote sensing (RS).
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Peschechera, Giuseppe, Antonio Novelli, Grazia Caradonna, and Umberto Fratino. "Calibration of the CLAIR Model by Using Landsat 8 Surface Reflectance Higher-Level Data and MODIS Leaf Area Index Products." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2017, 16–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62401-3_2.
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Morsdorf, Felix, Fabian D. Schneider, Carla Gullien, Daniel Kükenbrink, Reik Leiterer, and Michael E. Schaepman. "The Laegeren Site: An Augmented Forest Laboratory." In Remote Sensing of Plant Biodiversity, 83–104. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33157-3_4.
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AbstractGiven the increased pressure on forests and their diversity in the context of global change, new ways of monitoring diversity are needed. Remote sensing has the potential to inform essential biodiversity variables on the global scale, but validation of data and products, particularly in remote areas, is difficult. We show how radiative transfer (RT) models, parameterized with a detailed 3-D forest reconstruction based on laser scanning, can be used to upscale leaf-level information to canopy scale. The simulation approach is compared with actual remote sensing data, showing very good agreement in both the spectral and spatial domains. In addition, we compute a set of physiological and morphological traits from airborne imaging spectroscopy and laser scanning data and show how these traits can be used to estimate the functional richness of a forest at regional scale. The presented RT modeling framework has the potential to prototype and validate future spaceborne observation concepts aimed at informing variables of biodiversity, while the trait-based mapping of diversity could augment in situ networks of diversity, providing effective spatiotemporal gap filling for a comprehensive assessment of changes to diversity.
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Chitale, Vishwas Sudhir, Sunil Thapa, Mir A. Matin, Kamala Gurung, Shankar Adhikari, and Rabindra Maharjan. "Climate-Resilient Forest Management in Nepal." In Earth Observation Science and Applications for Risk Reduction and Enhanced Resilience in Hindu Kush Himalaya Region, 127–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73569-2_7.
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AbstractForests play a vital role in combating climate change and mitigating its effects. In the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), they are an important source of livelihood for the region’s growing population. With forest degradation and deforestation increasing, it has become all the more necessary to have a reliable climate resilient forest management system. At present, lack of precise information on forest degradation and the impacts of climate change on forest ecosystems hinder the conservation, planning and management of forest ecosystems in Nepal. We attempt to tackle this issue in collaboration with Department of Forests and Soil Conservation (DoFSC), Nepal, by providing scientific and reliable data on vulnerability of forests to anthropogenic factors and climate change using geospatial tools and techniques. We introduced a two-way multitier approach in Nepal to support the identification and implementation of adaptation and management strategies with special focus on forest ecosystems. It aims to reduce the vulnerability of forests to climate change and the degradation of forest ecosystems due to anthropogenic drivers. We used multispectral satellite datasets, data on climate trends and projections, and published data on extraction of forest resources in the study area. We then used data mining to quantify the influence of temperature and precipitation on functioning of forests by using MODIS data of net primary productivity, leaf area index, evapotranspiration and climatic trends and projections data. Finally, we overlayed the forest degradation map on forest climate sensitivity map to identify the hotspots of degradation and sensitivity needing immediate attention. These hotspots are defined as “adaptation footprints”, which help decision makers to prioritize their activities within their district. Most of the forest ecosystems in mid-western and far-western Nepal are highly sensitive to observed and predicted impacts of climate change, which need immediate prioritization and management. The products of this study are accessible through a web-based decision support tool, which will help decision makers at district and province level to prioritize the activities of forest management.
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Rangaswamy, Nimmi, and Haripriya Narasimhan. "The Power of Data Science Ontogeny: Thick Data Studies on the Indian IT Skill Tutoring Microcosm." In Transforming Communications – Studies in Cross-Media Research, 75–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96180-0_4.
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AbstractNew employment demands of a burgeoning Indian software service industry are spawning neo-educational structures, especially in the domain of data sciences through vibrant market mechanisms offering a scalable and industry-focused learning system. Since the 1990s, Indian software firms have developed expertise in carrying out outsourced back-office tasks and mid-level IT services like data entry, managing call centres, and performing software quality testing for foreign companies taking advantage of a technically trained local workforce. The trend of automating manual work practices in the IT industry has generated a different kind of demand for data sciences directed at upskilling and job readiness. India is witnessing a market-oriented groundswell of data science and IT skill tutoring ‘shops’, resituating science and engineering education. In this chapter we report from ethnographic research conducted in two IT skill training parks to underpin arguments about emerging neo-educational learning structures suited to a data science education for new livelihood opportunities in an IT-accredited India. Our chapter makes a case for looking at ‘data studies’ from an ethnographic perspective uncovering a ‘program’ of upward mobility through IT skilling and employment. What directions might data studies about tutoring data science skills in the Indian context lead to? Excerpts presented here from field research imagine new livelihoods, aspirations, and technology skills that are more often than not a reflection of the power of data science education.
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Faye, Cheikh, and P. Macharia. "Can Municipalities Lead the Energy Transition? On Available Policy, Competences and Requirements for Action." In Sustainable Energy Access for Communities, 17–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68410-5_3.
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AbstractThe implementation of innovative, bottom-up and tailor-made sustainable energy solutions in local communities is a fundamental game-changer in countries’ energy transition agendas. Challenges related to energy governance and the action to mitigate global warming require these communities to play a leading role through increased involvement in local energy initiatives. Municipalities can play this role at different levels, as a bridge between the private sector, the development agencies and the local communities, throughout the sector value chain from energy production to end-use consumption, using locally available renewable energy resources. The study was carried out in the city of Dakar, Senegal, where data on energy behaviour were collected through a survey. The main conclusion drawn from the study is municipalities can lead the transition to energy sustainability with the support of resident communities. However, this requires a policy framework that defines the municipalities’ scope of action, which is currently missing.
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Keet, C. Maria. "A Top-Level Categorization of Types of Granularity." In Novel Developments in Granular Computing, 92–130. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-324-1.ch005.
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Multiple different understandings and uses exist of what granularity is and how to implement it, where the former influences success of the latter with regards to storing granular data and using granularity for automated reasoning over the data or information, such as granular querying for information retrieval. We propose taxonomy of types of granularity and discuss for each leaf type how the entities or instances relate within its granular level and between levels. Such distinctions give guidelines to a modeller to better distinguish between the types of granularity in the design phase and the software developer to improve on implementations of granularity. Moreover, these foundational semantics of granularity provide a basis from which to develop a comprehensive theory of granularity.
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Guo, Chunlai, Chunmei Guo, Li Cui, Xianying Cao, Guanhua Wang, Jianmin Wang, and Yingchen Ma. "An Improved Neural Network Method for Plant Leaf Recognition." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde221155.
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Under the background of the general plan for general survey of Germplasm Resources issued by the State Forestry and grassland administration, in order to establish the forest and grass germplasm resources management system, it is urgent to identify the forest vegetation types. In the past, manual identification was often used, which was inefficient and had a high error rate. Considering the small number of samples in the plant leaf database, in order to improve the accuracy of plant leaf identification, In the framework of tensorflow, a convolution neural network method for plant leaf image recognition based on transfer learning is proposed. Firstly, the plant leaf image is preprocessed, and the plant leaf image data set is expanded through the horizontal transformation, random clipping, translation transformation, color and illumination transformation of the original image, and is divided into training set and test set in the ratio of 7:3, the concept V3 model is applied to image data processing by migration learning. The trained models ResNet50 and Concept V3 are migrated and trained on the plant leaf image data set, and the full connection layer is replaced in the pre training model, so that it can adapt to the recognition of plant leaf images. The accuracy of the test set obtained from the pre training model of this method is 95.22% and 95.45%, reaching the excellent level required by the task.
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Meghanathan, Natarajan. "Diameter-Aggregation Delay Tradeoff for Data Gathering Trees in Wireless Sensor Networks." In Sensor Technology, 335–50. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2454-1.ch017.
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We define the aggregation delay as the minimum number of time slots it takes for the data to be aggregated in a Data Gathering tree (DG tree) spanning all the nodes of the sensor network; the diameter of a DG tree is the maximum distance (number of hops) from a leaf node to the root node of the tree. We assume that intermediate nodes at the same level or different levels of a DG tree could simultaneously aggregate data from their respective child nodes using different CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) codes; but, an intermediate node has to schedule non-overlapping time slots (one for each of its child nodes) to aggregate data from its own child nodes. We employ an algorithm to determine the minimum aggregation delay at every intermediate node of the Bottleneck Node Weight (BNW) and Bottleneck Link Weight (BLW)-based DG trees. We observe the BNW-DG trees to incur a smaller tree diameter, but a significantly larger aggregation delay; on the other hand, the BLW-DG trees incur a larger tree diameter and a relatively lower aggregation delay, especially with increase in node density.
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Meghanathan, Natarajan. "Diameter-Aggregation Delay Tradeoff for Data Gathering Trees in Wireless Sensor Networks." In Advances in Wireless Technologies and Telecommunication, 237–53. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-0501-3.ch010.
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We define the aggregation delay as the minimum number of time slots it takes for the data to be aggregated in a Data Gathering tree (DG tree) spanning all the nodes of the sensor network; the diameter of a DG tree is the maximum distance (number of hops) from a leaf node to the root node of the tree. We assume that intermediate nodes at the same level or different levels of a DG tree could simultaneously aggregate data from their respective child nodes using different CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) codes; but, an intermediate node has to schedule non-overlapping time slots (one for each of its child nodes) to aggregate data from its own child nodes. We employ an algorithm to determine the minimum aggregation delay at every intermediate node of the Bottleneck Node Weight (BNW) and Bottleneck Link Weight (BLW)-based DG trees. We observe the BNW-DG trees to incur a smaller tree diameter, but a significantly larger aggregation delay; on the other hand, the BLW-DG trees incur a larger tree diameter and a relatively lower aggregation delay, especially with increase in node density.
Conference papers on the topic "Leaf level data"
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Shi, Runhe, Chao Zhang, Pudong Liu, Maosi Chen, and Jiapeng Wang. "Estimating chlorophyll content of spartina alterniflora at leaf level using hyper-spectral data." In Remote Sensing and Modeling of Ecosystems for Sustainability XIV, edited by Wei Gao, Ni-Bin Chang, and Jinnian Wang. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2273109.
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Yankun Peng, Wei Wang, Hui Huang, Xiu Wang, and Xiaodong Gao. "Prediction of Chlorophyll Content of Winter Wheat using Leaf-level Hyperspectral Imaging Data." In 2009 Reno, Nevada, June 21 - June 24, 2009. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.27133.
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Caverina, Sarah Lorenza, Retno Yulianti, and Andri Pramesyanti. "Effectiveness of Soursop Leaf Extract to Decrease Malondialdehyde Level." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.07.
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ABSTRACT Background: In diabetes mellitus, hyperglycemia causes oxidative stress that enhances the production of free radicals. The presence of higher levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) indicates the rise of free radicals. On the basis of its role as an antioxidant that binds free radicals and reduces the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Soursop leaf can act as an antidiabetic agent. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of soursop leaf extract (Annona muricata L.) to decrease the level of MDA level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats (Rattus norvegicus). Subjects and Method: This was an experiment study using pre- and pro-test with control group design. Total of 30 rats were selected for this study and divided into five groups of treatment i.e. group I was given distilled water and standard feed (Negative Control/KI), group II was given vitamin E 150 IU/kgBW/day (Positive Control/KII), group III was given soursop leaf extract 75 mg/kgBW/day (KIII), group IV was given soursop leaf extract 150 mg/kgBW/day (KIV), and group V was given soursop leaf extract 300 mg/kgBW/day (KV). Each group consisted of 5 rats and was given soursop leaf extract for 21 days after being induced by alloxan and high-fat diet. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test. Results: There was a significant difference in KI group compared to KII, KIII, KIV, and KV groups. Soursop leaf extract of 150 mg/kgBW/day was the most effective dose to reduce MDA level in pancreatic rat. Conclusion: Soursop leaf extract of 150 mg/kgBW/day is the most effective dose on pancreatic MDA level reduction. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, soursop leaf extract, MDA, free radical Correspondence: Retno Yulianti. Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Pembangunan Nasional “Veteran” Jakarta. Jl. Fatmawati Hospital, Pondok Labu, South Jakarta. Email: retno.yulianti@upnvj.ac.id DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.07
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Wang, Xiaoping, Ni Guo, jing Wang, jie Zhang, and Jingsong Wang. "Monitoring Growth Status of Spring Wheat in Rainfed Agriculture Area in Loess Plateau with Hyperspectral Reflectance Data at Canopy and Leaf Level." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4779449.
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Sudirman, Muhamad Seto. "Effectiveness of Ficus Elastica Roxb. Ex Hornem Leaf Extract in Reducing Total Cholesterol Level in High Fat Induced Diet Wistar Male Rats." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.10.
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ABSTRACT Background: Kebo rubber leaves (ficus elastica roxb) contain flavonoids, polyphenols, and tannins. Flavonoids in the leaves of ficus elastica roxb such as catechins, isoflavones are polyphenolic antioxidants from plant metabolites. The leaves of ficus elastica roxb are trusted and proven empirically in the community to reduce cholesterol levels in the blood. Mice choose animals because they are considered to have physiological similarities with humans. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of ficus elastica roxb leaves on reducing total cholesterol level in male Swiss Webster mice. Subjects and Method: This was a quasi-experimental study conducted at Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, University of Bangka Belitung from April to June, 2017. A sample of 25 male Swiss Webster mice was selected at random and allocated into groups. The dependent variable was total cholesterol. The independent variable was the extract of ficus elastica rox. The data were tested by One-Way ANOVA. Result: There were statistically significant mean differences among the study groups (p= 0.002), indicating the effect of ethanol extract of Ficus Elastica Roxb leaves on reducing total cholesterol level in male Swiss Webster mice at various doses. Conclusion: There are statistically significant mean differences among the study groups, indicating the effect of ethanol extract of Ficus Elastica Roxb leaves on reducing total cholesterol level in male Swiss Webster mice at various doses. Keyword: Ethanol extract of Ficus Elastica Roxb leaves, total cholesterol, mice Correspondence: Muhamad Seto Sudirman. School of Health Polytechnic, Pangkalpinang. Email: MuhamadSeto@gmail.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.05.10
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Kang, Inseung, Hsiang Hsu, and Aaron J. Young. "Design and Validation of a Torque Controllable Hip Exoskeleton for Walking Assistance." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9198.
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Recent technological advancements have expanded the field of human augmentation. Specifically, lower limb exoskeletons have benefited many by providing assistance to increase mobility. The proposed study aims to develop a novel bilateral hip exoskeleton that provides mechanical power assistance in both hip flexion and extension during walking. Each actuation unit employs series elastic actuator for a high fidelity closed loop torque control utilizing a ball screw transmission incorporated with a fiberglass leaf spring. The control architecture was divided into three tiers and each tier implemented different control algorithms. The device was experimentally validated with both benchtop and human testing. Benchtop testing was done to tune required control parameters in the low-level controller and to validate the torque response. We tested five able-bodied subjects walking with our device. We analyzed their kinematic and kinetic data with different levels of mechanical power assistance during walking. Our benchtop testing results showed that the low-level PID gains were tuned to achieve desired bandwidth and torque tracking. Human testing results demonstrated that the high-level controller provided an accurate information for assistance onset timing that the hip exoskeleton was able to assist the user effectively.
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Alina-Nicoleta, Paraschiv, Dima Milica, Diaconu Aurelia, Enache Viorel, and Fătu Viorel. "PRELIMINARY RESULTS ON THE INFLUENCE OF THE F414 BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT ON SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL INDEXES FOR PEACHES GROWN UNDER THERMO-HYDRIC STRESS." In GEOLINKS Conference Proceedings. Saima Consult Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2021/b1/v3/39.
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On the peach species, Springold variety, research was conducted on the influence of the F414 biological product on some physiological indexes and processes carried out on the foliar level, the area of culture being characterized by an accentuated thermo-hydric stress during the summer. Photosynthetic gas exchange, foliar transpiration and stomatal conductance were determined with the portable LC PRO + apparatus, and the leaf water forms were determined gravimetrically, the results obtained being correlated with the meteorological data from the vegetation period. Applying the F414 to the Springold variety resulted in the formation of a pellicle on the surface of the leaves, which, together with the action of the thermo-hydric stress specific to the area, caused stomate closure, reduction of CO2 supply, photosynthesis values being considerably lower compared to the control variant. As for foliar transpiration, the F414 product had a positive effect, the pellicle formed on the surface of the leaves, reducing the amount of water lost to the foliage. The application of this product has positively influenced drought resistance of the Springold variety, the percentages of the bound water being higher (5.1%) compared to the control variant (3.96%).
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Zeng, Qinghua, Wenjun Kong, and Chunjie Sui. "Effect of Confinement on Combustion Characteristics in Lean Direct Injection Combustion System." In ASME Turbo Expo 2013: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2013-95413.
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Confinement has direct influence on the dome reference velocity and indirect influence on the combustor’s performance, emissions, operability, liner and dome temperature levels and gradients. Understanding the effects of the confinement is crucial to conventional combustor design. Recently, lean direct injection (LDI) combustor has been popularly employed to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions from gas turbine. Compared to conventional combustor, LDI combustor has a much larger amount of air entering into the dome. Therefore, combustion characteristics and confinement effects in LDI combustor are quantitatively or even qualitatively different from those in conventional combustor. As a result, some design criteria for conventional combustor are no longer applicable for LDI combustor and it is essential to investigate the effects of confinement level in LDI combustor. In the literature, several studies have been conducted to understand how the confinement levels affect the characters of swirling non-reactive flow. However, there are few studies on the reactive flow and thereby the effects of confinement on combustion characteristics are not well understood. Due to its important role in combustor design, the confinement effect on spray combustion in LDI mode is systematically investigated in the present study. The experimental setup is established to study the confinement effects. Experimental data on flame characteristics, centerline temperature distribution, and pollutant emissions are obtained. Experiments at five different confinement ratios, 2.8, 6.8, 10.6, 19.5, and 28.5, are conducted. The results show that the confinement level has an important impact on the flame characteristics, centerline temperature, and pollution emissions. The optimal confinement ratio is determined, at which the pollution emissions become the lowest.
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Sharma, Ratnesh, Rocky Shih, Chandrakant Patel, and John Sontag. "Application of Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA) Techniques to Temperature Data in a Conventional Data Center." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33700.
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Data centers are the computational hub of the next generation. Rise in demand for computing has driven the emergence of high density datacenters. With the advent of high density, mission-critical datacenters, demand for electrical power for compute and cooling has grown. Deployment of a large number of high powered computer systems in very dense configurations in racks within data centers will result in very high power densities at room level. Hosting business and mission-critical applications also demand a high degree of reliability and flexibility. Managing such high power levels in the data center with cost effective reliable cooling solutions is essential to feasibility of pervasive compute infrastructure. Energy consumption of data centers can also be severely increased by over-designed air handling systems and rack layouts that allow the hot and cold air streams to mix. Absence of rack level temperature monitoring has contributed to lack of knowledge of air flow patterns and thermal management issues in conventional data centers. In this paper, we present results from exploratory data analysis (EDA) of rack-level temperature data collected over a period of several months from a conventional production datacenter. Typical datacenters experience surges in power consumption due to rise and fall in compute demand. These surges can be long term, short term or periodic, leading to associated thermal management challenges. Some variations may also be machine-dependent and vary across the datacenter. Yet other thermal perturbations may be localized and momentary. Random variations due to sensor response and calibration, if not identified, may lead to erroneous conclusions and expensive faults. Among other indicators, EDA techniques also reveal relationships among sensors and deployed hardware in space and time. Identification of such patterns can provide significant insight into data center dynamics for future forecasting purposes. Knowledge of such metrics enables energy-efficient thermal management by helping to create strategies for normal operation and disaster recovery for use with techniques like dynamic smart cooling.
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Islam, Nokibul, Miguel Jimarez, Ahmer Syed, TaeKyeong Hwang, JaeYun Gim, and WonJoon Kang. "Lead Free Flip Chip Reliability for Various Package Types." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52260.
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Flip Chip (FC) technology has now become the mainstream solution for high performance packages. From commercial gaming machines to high reliability servers, the FC package is gaining more market share over traditional packaging technologies, such as wire bond. Extensive research has been carried out to make the flip chip more robust, smaller foot prints, and excellent performance. FC packages are fabricated typically in two main configurations. Bare die FC packages leave the non active side of the die exposed. This allows the customer to apply their preferred heat dissipation scheme during board level attach. Lidded FC packages use a metallic lid attached to the die. Bare die package can be further subdivided into bare die underfilled package and bare die flip chip molded ball grid array (FCmBGA) package. Each of these packaging configurations has advantages as well as disadvantages. FCmBGA uses molding compound or EMC instead of capillary underfill, to protect FC die, and eliminate the need for a lid. Package warpage reduced a lot by adding a lid with the bare die FC package. However, the package and board level reliability for the above package types are still debatable. In this study test vehicles with three package types with bumps and BGAs are daisy chain to measure in situ data during accelerated tests. Impact of standard vs. low CTE (coefficient of thermal expansion) core substrate, accelerated temperature cycle conditions (temperature cycle condition “B”, “H”, and “J” according to JEDEC), and package level vs. package mounted on the board level reliability will be investigated. Comprehensive reliability data will help to select the right package type for next generation large die large body flip chip application.
Reports on the topic "Leaf level data"
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Ohad, Nir, and Robert Fischer. Regulation of Fertilization-Independent Endosperm Development by Polycomb Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7695869.bard.
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Arabidopsis mutants that we have isolated, encode for fertilization-independent endosperm (fie), fertilization-independent seed2 (fis2) and medea (mea) genes, act in the female gametophyte and allow endosperm to develop without fertilization when mutated. We cloned the FIE and MEA genes and showed that they encode WD and SET domain polycomb (Pc G) proteins, respectively. Homologous proteins of FIE and MEA in other organisms are known to regulate gene transcription by modulating chromatin structure. Based on our results, we proposed a model whereby both FIE and MEA interact to suppress transcription of regulatory genes. These genes are transcribed only at proper developmental stages, as in the central cell of the female gametophyte after fertilization, thus activating endosperm development. To test our model, the following questions were addressed: What is the Composition and Function of the Polycomb Complex? Molecular, biochemical, genetic and genomic approaches were offered to identify members of the complex, analyze their interactions, and understand their function. What is the Temporal and Spatial Pattern of Polycomb Proteins Accumulation? The use of transgenic plants expressing tagged FIE and MEA polypeptides as well as specific antibodies were proposed to localize the endogenous polycomb complex. How is Polycomb Protein Activity Controlled? To understand the molecular mechanism controlling the accumulation of FIE protein, transgenic plants as well as molecular approaches were proposed to determine whether FIE is regulated at the translational or posttranslational levels. The objectives of our research program have been accomplished and the results obtained exceeded our expectation. Our results reveal that fie and mea mutations cause parent-of-origin effects on seed development by distinct mechanisms (Publication 1). Moreover our data show that FIE has additional functions besides controlling the development of the female gametophyte. Using transgenic lines in which FIE was not expressed or the protein level was reduced during different developmental stages enabled us for the first time to explore FIE function during sporophyte development (Publication 2 and 3). Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that FIE, a single copy gene in the Arabidopsis genome, represses multiple developmental pathways (i.e., endosperm, embryogenesis, shot formation and flowering). Furthermore, we identified FIE target genes, including key transcription factors known to promote flowering (AG and LFY) as well as shoot and leaf formation (KNAT1) (Publication 2 and 3), thus demonstrating that in plants, as in mammals and insects, PcG proteins control expression of homeobox genes. Using the Yeast two hybrid system and pull-down assays we demonstrated that FIE protein interact with MEA via the N-terminal region (Publication 1). Moreover, CURLY LEAF protein, an additional member of the SET domain family interacts with FIE as well. The overlapping expression patterns of FIE, with ether MEA or CLF and their common mutant phenotypes, demonstrate the versatility of FIE function. FIE association with different SET domain polycomb proteins, results in differential regulation of gene expression throughout the plant life cycle (Publication 3). In vitro interaction assays we have recently performed demonstrated that FIE interacts with the cell cycle regulatory component Retinobalsoma protein (pRb) (Publication 4). These results illuminate the potential mechanism by which FIE may restrain embryo sac central cell division, at least partly, through interaction with, and suppression of pRb-regulated genes. The results of this program generated new information about the initiation of reproductive development and expanded our understanding of how PcG proteins regulate developmental programs along the plant life cycle. The tools and information obtained in this program will lead to novel strategies which will allow to mange crop plants and to increase crop production.
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Frisancho, Verónica, Alejandro Herrera, and Eduardo Nakasone. Does Gender and Sexual Diversity Lead to Greater Conflict in the School? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004609.
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Diversity in gender identity and sexual orientation challenges traditional institutions, social norms, and gendered stereotypes. This may translate into greater levels of conflict in society. Using data from 95 middle and high schools in Uruguay, we exploit plausibly exogenous variation in the share of LGBT students across classrooms and estimate its impact on the prevalence of psychological, physical, and sexual violence in the school. On average, we do not find support for a strong link between the share of LGBT students in the classroom and the prevalence of violence, yet we show that there are gendered effects of greater diversity: a larger share of LGBT students in the classroom is associated with greater levels of psychological and physical violence among LGBT girls.
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Ghanim, Murad, Joe Cicero, Judith K. Brown, and Henryk Czosnek. Dissection of Whitefly-geminivirus Interactions at the Transcriptomic, Proteomic and Cellular Levels. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2010.7592654.bard.
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Our project focuses on gene expression and proteomics of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) species complex in relation to the internal anatomy and localization of expressed genes and virions in the whitefly vector, which poses a major constraint to vegetable and fiber production in Israel and the USA. While many biological parameters are known for begomovirus transmission, nothing is known about vector proteins involved in the specific interactions between begomoviruses and their whitefly vectors. Identifying such proteins is expected to lead to the design of novel control methods that interfere with whitefly-mediated begomovirus transmission. The project objectives were to: 1) Perform gene expression analyses using microarrays to study the response of whiteflies (B, Q and A biotypes) to the acquisition of begomoviruses (Tomato yellow leaf curl (TYLCV) and Squash leaf curl (SLCV). 2) Construct a whitefly proteome from whole whiteflies and dissected organs after begomovirus acquisition. 3) Validate gene expression by q-RTPCR and sub-cellular localization of candidate ESTs identified in microarray and proteomic analyses. 4) Verify functionality of candidate ESTs using an RNAi approach, and to link these datasets to overall functional whitefly anatomical studies. During the first and second years biological experiments with TYLCV and SLCV acquisition and transmission were completed to verify the suitable parameters for sample collection for microarray experiments. The parameters were generally found to be similar to previously published results by our groups and others. Samples from whole whiteflies and midguts of the B, A and Q biotypes that acquired TYLCV and SLCV were collected in both the US and Israel and hybridized to B. tabaci microarray. The data we analyzed, candidate genes that respond to both viruses in the three tested biotypes were identified and their expression that included quantitative real-time PCR and co-localization was verified for HSP70 by the Israeli group. In addition, experiments were undertaken to employ in situ hybridization to localize several candidate genes (in progress) using an oligonucleotide probe to the primary endosymbiont as a positive control. A proteome and corresponding transcriptome to enable more effective protein identification of adult whiteflies was constructed by the US group. Further validation of the transmission route of begomoviruses, mainly SLCV and the involvement of the digestive and salivary systems was investigated (Cicero and Brown). Due to time and budget constraints the RNAi-mediated silencing objective to verify gene function was not accomplished as anticipated. HSP70, a strong candidate protein that showed over-expression after TYLCV and SLCV acquisition and retention by B. tabaci, and co-localization with TYLCV in the midgut, was further studies. Besides this protein, our joint research resulted in the identification of many intriguing candidate genes and proteins that will be followed up by additional experiments during our future research. To identify these proteins it was necessary to increase the number and breadth of whitefly ESTs substantially and so whitefly cDNAs from various libraries made during the project were sequenced (Sanger, 454). As a result, the proteome annotation (ID) was far more successful than in the initial attempt to identify proteins using Uniprot or translated insect ESTs from public databases. The extent of homology shared by insects in different orders was surprisingly low, underscoring the imperative need for genome and transcriptome sequencing of homopteran insects. Having increased the number of EST from the original usable 5500 generated several years ago to >600,000 (this project+NCBI data mining), we have identified about one fifth of the whitefly proteome using these new resources. Also we have created a database that links all identified whitefly proteins to the PAVEdb-ESTs in the database, resulting in a useful dataset to which additional ESTS will be added. We are optimistic about the prospect of linking the proteome ID results to the transcriptome database to enable our own and other labs the opportunity to functionally annotate not only genes and proteins involved in our area of interest (whitefly mediated transmission) but for the plethora of other functionalities that will emerge from mining and functionally annotating other key genes and gene families in whitefly metabolism, development, among others. This joint grant has resulted in the identification of numerous candidate proteins involved in begomovirus transmission by B. tabaci. A next major step will be to capitalize on validated genes/proteins to develop approaches to interfere with the virus transmission.
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Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Franklin Vargas Davila, Yunchang Zhang, Jon D. Fricker, and Dulcy M. Abraham. Workzone Lighting and Glare on Nighttime Construction and Maintenance Activities. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317379.
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Over the last two decades, an increasing number of highway construction and maintenance projects in the United States have been completed at night to avoid or alleviate traffic congestion delays. Working at night entails several advantages, including lower traffic volumes, less impact on local businesses, cooler temperatures for equipment and material, and fewer overall crashes. Although nighttime roadway operations may minimize traffic disruptions, there are several safety concerns about passing motorists and workers in the nighttime work zone. For instance, improper lighting arrangements or excessive lighting levels at the job site could cause harmful levels of glare for the traveling public and workers, which can lead to an increased level of hazards and crashes in the vicinity of the work zone. To address the issue of glare, the current report focuses on determining and evaluating disability glare on nighttime work zones in order to develop appropriate strategies for improving the safety of workers and motorists during nighttime highway construction and maintenance projects. Disability glare is the glare that impairs our vision of objects without necessarily causing discomfort, and it can be evaluated using the veiling luminance ratio (VL ratio). In this study, disability glare values were determined by using lighting data (vertical illuminance and pavement luminance measurements) from the testing of 49 lighting arrangements. Two LED balloon lights, a metal-halide light tower, and an LED light tower were utilized for the field lighting experiments. The glare assessment analyzed the effects of the lighting system setup’s parameters, such as the mounting height, power output, rotation angle, and aiming angle of luminaires on the veiling luminance ratio values (which is a criterion for limiting disability glare). The study revealed the following key findings: (1) an increase in mounting heights of both balloon lights and light towers resulted in lower disability glare levels; (2) compared to the "perpendicular" and "away" orientations, orienting the light towers "towards" the traffic (45 degrees) significantly increases the disability glare levels of the lighting arrangement; and (3) increasing the tilt angles of portable light tower luminaries resulted in an increase in disability glare levels.
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ADAS, RSK. Nitrate Surveillance Monitoring Program (Annual Report May 2021 - March 2022). Food Standards Agency, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.uau489.
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Every Member State is required to monitor and report levels of nitrate in specified foodstuffs as part of the European Commission regulation and the UK also requires this information as part of the collection of data to support the review of retained EU law in the UK and inform the setting of policy around maximum nitrate levels. The requirement to carry out monitoring for nitrate in lettuce, spinach and rocket is being met by the UK Nitrate Surveillance Programme. Results are presented for the period between 1st April 2021 and 31st March 2022. A total of 202 samples were collected within the sampling period, comprising of 130 lettuce, 9 rocket, 26 spinach samples. A further 37 samples categorised at “Other Green Leafy Vegetables”, which comprised of samples including mustard, mizuna, celery, Pak Choi and cabbage. The lowest average nitrate concentration was recorded in summer-grown iceberg lettuce (935.2 mg/kg), and no iceberg samples exceeded the maximum nitrate concentration. The highest average nitrate concentration was seen in winter grown non-iceberg lettuce grown under protection within the lettuce group (3242.2 mg/kg), and in winter-grown rocket overall (4271.2 mg/kg). The number of samples exceeding the maximum threshold increased this year to 7 samples – 2 samples of open-air non-iceberg lettuce sampled in the summer, 1 sample of protected non-iceberg lettuce in the summer, and 3 samples of spinach. A further 4 samples were within 10% of the maximum threshold. Consistent with previous years of this project, a strong correlation was found between nitrate concentration and sampling date, with samples collected later in the season showing greater concentrations, indicating potential interactions between nitrate accumulation and climate – particularly light levels and available soil moisture and the accumulation of nitrate in the soil through subsequent fertiliser applications with successive planting. Furthermore, there was significant interaction between nitrate accumulation, product type and cultivation type, which could be further explored to better identify risk factors associated with nitrate accumulation in leafy vegetables grown in the UK.
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Guy, Charles, Gozal Ben-Hayyim, Gloria Moore, Doron Holland, and Yuval Eshdat. Common Mechanisms of Response to the Stresses of High Salinity and Low Temperature and Genetic Mapping of Stress Tolerance Loci in Citrus. United States Department of Agriculture, May 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7613013.bard.
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The objectives that were outlined in our original proposal have largely been achieved or will be so by the end of the project in February 1995 with one exception; that of mapping cold tolerance loci based on the segregation of tolerance in the BC1 progeny population. Briefly, our goals were to 1) construct a densely populated linkage map of the citrus genome: 2) map loci important in cold and/or salt stress tolerance; and 3) characterize the expression of genes responsive to cold land salt stress. As can be seen by the preceding listing of accomplishments, our original objectives A and B have been realized, objective C has been partially tested, objective D has been completed, and work on objectives E and F will be completed by the end of 1995. Although we have yet to map any loci that contribute to an ability of citrus to maintain growth when irrigated with saline water, our very encouraging results from the 1993 experiment provides us with considerable hope that 1994's much more comprehensive and better controlled experiment will yield the desired results once the data has been fully analyzed. Part of our optimism derives from the findings that loci for growth are closely linked with loci associated with foliar Cl- and Na+ accumulation patterns under non-salinization conditions. In the 1994 experiment, if ion exclusion or sequestration traits are segregating in the population, the experimental design will permit their resolution. Our fortunes with respect to cold tolerance is another situation. In three attempts to quantitatively characterize cold tolerance as an LT50, the results have been too variable and the incremental differences between sensitive and tolerant too small to use for mapping. To adequately determine the LT50 requires many plants, many more than we have been able to generate in the time and space available by making cuttings from small greenhouse-grown stock plants. As it has turned out, with citrus, to prepare enough plants needed to be successful in this objective would have required extensive facilities for both growing and testing hardiness which simply were not available at University of Florida. The large populations necessary to overcome the variability we encountered was unanticipated and unforeseeable at the project's outset. In spite of the setbacks, this project, when it is finally complete will be exceedingly successful. Listing of Accomplishments During the funded interval we have accomplished the following objectives: Developed a reasonably high density linkage map for citrus - mapped the loci for two cold responsive genes that were cloned from Poncirus - mapped the loci for csa, the salt responsive gene for glutathione peroxidase, and ccr a circadian rhythm gene from citrus - identified loci that confer parental derived specific DNA methylation patterns in the Citrus X Poncirus cross - mapped 5 loci that determine shoot vigor - mapped 2 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions in the BC1 population - mapped 3 loci that influence leaf Na+ accumulation paterns during salt sress - mapped 2 loci that control leaf Cl- accumulation patterns under non-saline conditions - mapped a locus that controls leaf Cl- accumulation patterns during salt stress Screened the BC1 population for growth reduction during salinization (controls and salinized), and cold tolerance - determined population variation for shoot/root ratio of Na+ and Cl- - determined levels for 12 inorganic nutrient elements in an effort to examine the influence of salinization on ion content with emphasis on foliar responses - collected data on ion distribution to reveal patterns of exclusion/sequestration/ accumulation - analyzed relationships between ion content and growth Characterization of gene expression in response to salt or cold stress - cloned the gene for the salt responsive protein csa, identified it as glutathione peroxidase, determined the potential target substrate from enzymatic studies - cloned two other genes responsive to salt stress, one for the citrus homologue of a Lea5, and the other for an "oleosin" like gene - cold regulated (cor) genes belonging to five hybridization classes were isolated from Poncirus, two belonged to the group 2 Lea superfamily of stress proteins, the others show no significant homology to other known sequences - the expression of csa during cold acclimation was examined, and the expression of some of the cor genes were examined in response to salt stress - the influence of salinization on cold tolerance has been examined with seedling populations - conducted protein blot studies for expression of cold stress proteins during salt stress and vice versa
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.seal2010.
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The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Olsen, Laurie, Kathryn Lindholm-Leary, Magaly Lavadenz, Elvira Armas, and Franca Dell'Olio. Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative: A Three-Year Pilot Study Research Monograph. PROMISE INITIATIVE, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.15365/ceel.promise2010.
Full textAbstract:
The Pursuing Regional Opportunities for Mentoring, Innovation, and Success for English Learners (PROMISE) Initiative Research Monograph is comprised of four sub-studies that took place between 2006 and 2009 to examine the effectiveness of the PROMISE Initiative across six implementing counties. Beginning in 2002, the superintendents of the six Southern California County Offices of Education collaborated to examine the pattern of the alarmingly low academic performance of English learners (EL) across Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, San Diego, Riverside, and Ventura. Together, these six counties serve over one million EL students, more than 66% of the total EL population in the state of California, and close to 20% of the EL population in the nation. Data were compiled for the six counties, research on effective programs for ELs was shared, and a common vision for the success of ELs began to emerge. Out of this effort, the PROMISE Initiative was created to uphold a critical vision that ensured that ELs achieved and sustained high levels of proficiency, high levels of academic achievement, sociocultural and multicultural competency, preparation for successful transition to higher education, successful preparation as a 21st century global citizen, and high levels of motivation, confidence, and self-assurance. This report is organized into six chapters: an introductory chapter, four chapters of related studies, and a summary chapter. The four studies were framed around four areas of inquiry: 1) What is the PROMISE model? 2) What does classroom implementation of the PROMISE model look like? 3) What leadership skills do principals at PROMISE schools need to lead transformative education for ELs? 4) What impact did PROMISE have on student learning and participation? Key findings indicate that the PROMISE Initiative: • resulted in positive change for ELs at all levels including achievement gains and narrowing of the gap between ELs and non-ELs • increased use of research-based classroom practices • refined and strengthened plans for ELs at the district-level, and • demonstrated potential to enable infrastructure, partnerships, and communities of practice within and across the six school districts involved. The final chapter of the report provides implications for school reform for improving EL outcomes including bolstering EL expertise in school reform efforts, implementing sustained and in-depth professional development, monitoring and supporting long-term reform efforts, and establishing partnerships and networks to develop, research and disseminate efforts.
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Hackett, Wesley, Michael Raviv, Anath Das, Oded Reuveni, and Arie Gutman. Detecting Activity of Juvenile Phase-Specific Translocatable Substances that Influence Rooting Potential Using In Vitro Rooting Assays and Expression of a Specific Gene. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1998.7613038.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The objectives of the project for which substantial effort was put forth were to: 1) Verify the relationship between expression of a cDNA clone (HW103) and the rooting potential of reciprocally grafted cuttings of juvenile and mature lamina and petioles of Hedera helix L. 2) Detect rooting promoter fractions in exudates from the juvenile leaves of H. Helix by assaying for rooting with leaf petioles of juvenile and mature plants. 3) Isolate, purify and identify compounds which show activity in assays for rooting potential. Some objectives or aspects of the objectives of the original proposal were not pursued for the reasons put forth in the body of the report. The most significant findings of the project are: 1) The MS medium is a better medium than Romberg medium for performing the leaf petiole rooting assay. 2) HW103 gene expression is cell-type specific with higher levels of expression in mature than juvenile phase H. Helix petioles as evidenced by in situ hybridization which suggests a negative relationship between HW103 expression in specific cells involved in root initiation and the lack of rooting potential in mature petioles 3) HW103 gene expression may be lower in mature petioles which had been grafter to a juvenile H. Helix lamina than mature petioles that had been grafted to a mature lamina and this putative lower expression is related to formation of a higher number of roots. 4) HW103 gene expression is not related to auxin induced ethylene production. 5) Two distinct compounds that possess root initiation promoting activity can be detected mainly in diffusate of juvenile H. Helix leaves using mung bean hypocotyls and H. Helix leaf petioles in vitro. 6) H. Helix diffusate active fractions do not insistenlty promote rooting in avocado mini-cuttings. 7) Chemical identification of the active rooting compounds was not accomplished because of the death of Prof. Becker, one of the collaborators, and the resultant loss of his data. These results indicate that these may be a molecular basis for reduced rooting potential in mature H. Helix petioles and that there are diffusible (translocatable) compounds in juvenile H. Helix leaves which promote rooting in juvenile and mature H. Helix petioles and mung bean hypocotyls.
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Seginer, Ido, Louis D. Albright, and Robert W. Langhans. On-line Fault Detection and Diagnosis for Greenhouse Environmental Control. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7575271.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Background Early detection and identification of faulty greenhouse operation is essential, if losses are to be minimized by taking immediate corrective actions. Automatic detection and identification would also free the greenhouse manager to tend to his other business. Original objectives The general objective was to develop a method, or methods, for the detection, identification and accommodation of faults in the greenhouse. More specific objectives were as follows: 1. Develop accurate systems models, which will enable the detection of small deviations from normal behavior (of sensors, control, structure and crop). 2. Using these models, develop algorithms for an early detection of deviations from the normal. 3. Develop identifying procedures for the most important faults. 4. Develop accommodation procedures while awaiting a repair. The Technion team focused on the shoot environment and the Cornell University team focused on the root environment. Achievements Models: Accurate models were developed for both shoot and root environment in the greenhouse, utilizing neural networks, sometimes combined with robust physical models (hybrid models). Suitable adaptation methods were also successfully developed. The accuracy was sufficient to allow detection of frequently occurring sensor and equipment faults from common measurements. A large data base, covering a wide range of weather conditions, is required for best results. This data base can be created from in-situ routine measurements. Detection and isolation: A robust detection and isolation (formerly referred to as 'identification') method has been developed, which is capable of separating the effect of faults from model inaccuracies and disturbance effects. Sensor and equipment faults: Good detection capabilities have been demonstrated for sensor and equipment failures in both the shoot and root environment. Water stress detection: An excitation method of the shoot environment has been developed, which successfully detected water stress, as soon as the transpiration rate dropped from its normal level. Due to unavailability of suitable monitoring equipment for the root environment, crop faults could not be detected from measurements in the root zone. Dust: The effect of screen clogging by dust has been quantified. Implications Sensor and equipment fault detection and isolation is at a stage where it could be introduced into well equipped and maintained commercial greenhouses on a trial basis. Detection of crop problems requires further work. Dr. Peleg was primarily responsible for developing and implementing the innovative data analysis tools. The cooperation was particularly enhanced by Dr. Peleg's three summer sabbaticals at the ARS, Northem Plains Agricultural Research Laboratory, in Sidney, Montana. Switching from multi-band to hyperspectral remote sensing technology during the last 2 years of the project was advantageous by expanding the scope of detected plant growth attributes e.g. Yield, Leaf Nitrate, Biomass and Sugar Content of sugar beets. However, it disrupted the continuity of the project which was originally planned on a 2 year crop rotation cycle of sugar beets and multiple crops (com and wheat), as commonly planted in eastern Montana. Consequently, at the end of the second year we submitted a continuation BARD proposal which was turned down for funding. This severely hampered our ability to validate our findings as originally planned in a 4-year crop rotation cycle. Thankfully, BARD consented to our request for a one year extension of the project without additional funding. This enabled us to develop most of the methodology for implementing and running the hyperspectral remote sensing system and develop the new analytical tools for solving the non-repeatability problem and analyzing the huge hyperspectral image cube datasets. However, without validation of these tools over a ful14-year crop rotation cycle this project shall remain essentially unfinished. Should the findings of this report prompt the BARD management to encourage us to resubmit our continuation research proposal, we shall be happy to do so.