Academic literature on the topic 'Leaf and Fruit Diseases'
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Journal articles on the topic "Leaf and Fruit Diseases"
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Rehman, Samra, Muhammad Attique Khan, Majed Alhaisoni, Ammar Armghan, Fayadh Alenezi, Abdullah Alqahtani, Khean Vesal, and Yunyoung Nam. "Fruit Leaf Diseases Classification: A Hierarchical Deep Learning Framework." Computers, Materials & Continua 75, no. 1 (2023): 1179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2023.035324.
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Deepali Joshi, Et al. "Automatic Classification of Mango Leaf Disease based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques." International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication 11, no. 10 (November 2, 2023): 1398–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i10.8683.
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Fruits are the essential source of nutrition for the human body. The fruit needs to be nurtured and cared for in order to remain healthy. Lack of upkeep, illnesses, blemishes, and fungi result in a considerable loss of produce and profit. One of the important and popular fruit that is consumed worldwide is Mango. It is a fragile fruit and is vulnerable to diseases that affects its quality and quantity. Manual inspection for diseases or infection is a tedious process and requires abundant resources such as time and labour. Manual inspection is inefficient and inaccurate. Automatic inspection on the other hand has numerous benefits. The image classification techniques and algorithms can be used to detect infected and healthy mangoes thus reducing the losses to the farmers.
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Harteveld, D. O. C., O. A. Akinsanmi, K. Chandra, and A. Drenth. "Timing of Infection and Development of Alternaria Diseases in the Canopy of Apple Trees." Plant Disease 98, no. 3 (March 2014): 401–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-06-13-0676-re.
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Alternaria leaf blotch and fruit spot of apple caused by Alternaria spp. cause annual losses to the Australian apple industry. Erratic control using protectant fungicides is often experienced and may be due to the lack of understanding of the timing of infection and epidemiology of the diseases. We found that Alternaria leaf blotch infection began about 20 days after bloom (DAB) and the highest disease incidence occurred from 70 to 110 DAB. Alternaria fruit spot infection occurred about 100 DAB in the orchard. Fruit inoculations in planta showed that there was no specific susceptible stage of fruit. Leaves and fruit in the lower canopy of trees showed higher levels of leaf blotch and fruit spot incidence than those in the upper canopy and the incidence of leaf blotch in shoot leaves was higher than in spur leaves. Temperature, relative humidity, and rainfall affected leaf blotch and fruit spot incidence. The gained knowledge on the timing of infection and development of disease may aid in the development of more effective disease management strategies.
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Truong, Hong H., Toyozo Sato, Seiju Ishikawa, Ayaka Minoshima, Takeaki Nishimura, and Yuuri Hirooka. "Three Colletotrichum Species Responsible for Anthracnose on Synsepalum dulcificum (Miracle Fruit)." International Journal of Phytopathology 7, no. 3 (December 27, 2018): 89–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33687/phytopath.007.03.2658.
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By 2016, fruit rot and two different leaf diseases (leaf spot and leaf blight) were found on Synsepalum dulcificum (miracle fruit) in Tokyo, Kanagawa and Kagoshima prefectures of Japan. From the lesions, abundant conidial masses and acervuli of three Colletotrichum species, two of which produced sexual state, were observed. We conducted a pathogenicity assay using these Colletotrichum species on healthy fruits and leaves of S. dulcificum. Our artificial inoculation tests showed symptoms of disease on tested fruit and leaf and indicated all three Colletotrichum species as causal agents of anthracnose on S. dulcificum. Based on morphological characters and molecular phylogenetic analyses using ITS, GAPDH, ACT, CAL and TUB2 loci, these species were identified as Colletotrichum aenigma (MAFF 246750), C. siamense (MAFF 246751) and C. karstii (MAFF 245966). They have been previously reported as plant pathogenic fungi elsewhere in the world. This is the first report of fruit rot, leaf blight and leaf spot on S. dulcificum caused by these three Colletotrichum species.
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Jha, Sanjay Kumar, and Sita Lamichhane. "Fungal Diseases of Tomato in Kathmandu Valley." Journal of Nepal Biotechnology Association 4, no. 1 (March 22, 2023): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jnba.v4i1.53449.
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The infected parts of the tomato plant were collected from Jitpurphedi of Kathmandu, Nepal. The isolated fungi from the infected parts were Septoria lycopersici, Cladosporium oxysporum responsible for leaf spot, Phytophthora infestans and Rhizoctonia solani responsible for leaf blight, Cladosporium cladosporioides responsible for fruit rot, Leveilulla taurica responsible for powdery mildew and Plasmopara viticola responsible for Downey mildew disease. In the survey period, the highest incidence was found at leaf blight (30.08%) and the lowest at stem rot (4.64%). In the case of severity, the maximum severity was found at Downey mildew (77%) and the minimum was recorded at fruit rot (5.25%).
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B.R, SINGH, and TRIPATHI D.P. "LOSS DUE TO LEAF CURL AND SPOTTED WILT DISEASES OF TOMATO." Madras Agricultural Journal 78, January April (1991): 34–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a01821.
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Trends on incidence and losses due to leaf curl (LCD) and spotted wilt (SWD) diseases of tomato in relation to their vectors were studied at Kanpur, India. The population of whitefly and thrips on tomato was found to be maximum respectively in February and March. The incidence of LCD was found maximum in January and February while that of SWD in March. The losses due to LCD were the reduction in plant height, number of fruits and fruit weight, while SWD, in addition, killed the plants resulting in total loss. The average yield loss/ha was 163.68 q and 126.12 q or Rs. 8184 and 6306 due to LCD and SWD respectively.
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Mudholakar, Sunita, Kavitha G, Kanaya Kumari K T, and Shubha G V. "Automatic Detection of Citrus Fruit and Leaves Diseases Using Deep Neural Network." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 4043–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45868.
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Abstract: Citrus fruit diseases are the major cause of extreme citrus fruit yield declines. Plant disease detection and classification are crucial long term agriculture. Manually monitoring citrus diseases is quite tough. As a result, image processing is used for designing an automated detection system for citrus plant diseases. Image acquisition, image preprocessing, image segmentation, feature extraction and classification are main processes in the citrus disease detection process. Deep learning methods have recently obtained promising results in a number of artificial intelligence issues, leading us to apply them to the challenge of recognizing citrus fruit and leaf diseases. In this approach, an integrated approach is used to suggest a convolutional neural networks (CNNs) model. The proposed CNN model is intended to differentiate healthy fruits and leaves from fruits/leaves with common citrus diseases such as black spot, canker and citrus blight. The proposed CNN model extracts complementary discriminative features by integrating multiple layers.
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T. R., Prashith Kekuda, Raghavendra H. L., Shilpa M., Pushpavathi D., Tejaswini Petkar, and Ayesha Siddiqha. "ANTIMICROBIAL, ANTIRADICAL AND INSECTICIDAL ACTIVITY OF GARDENIA GUMMIFERA L. F. (RUBIACEAE)." International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences 9, no. 10 (October 2, 2017): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i10.20252.
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Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate antimicrobial, antiradical and insecticidal potential of leaf and fruit of Gardenia gummifera L. f. (Rubiaceae).Methods: The leaf and fruits were shade dried, powdered and extracted by maceration process using methanol. Antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria by Agar well diffusion assay. Antifungal activity was determined against six seed-borne fungi by Poisoned food technique. Antiradical activity of leaf and fruit extracts was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity of leaf and fruit extracts, in terms of larvicidal and pupicidal activity, was assessed against larvae and pupae of Aedes aegypti.Results: Both the extracts inhibited all test bacteria. Marked antibacterial activity was displayed by fruit extract when compared to leaf extract. S. epidermidis and E. coli were inhibited to highest and least extent by both extracts respectively. Fruit extract was found to exhibit higher antifungal effect when compared to leaf extract. Leaf extract and fruit extract exhibited highest inhibitory activity against A. niger and A. flavus respectively. Leaf and fruit extracts scavenged DPPH radical’s dose dependently with an IC50 value of 49.01µg/ml and 2.53µg/ml respectively. The scavenging of ABTS by leaf and fruit extracts was dose dependent and the IC50 value for leaf and fruit extract was 2.58µg/ml and 2.31µg/ml respectively. Fruit extract was shown to exhibit marked antiradical activity when compared to leaf extract. Leaf and fruit extracts exhibited dose dependent insecticidal activity in terms of larvicidal and pupicidal activity and the susceptibility of larvae and pupae to extracts was in the order II instar larvae>IV instar larvae>pupae. Fruit extract displayed marked insecticidal potential when compared to leaf extract.Conclusion: Overall, fruit extract of G. gummifera exhibited marked antimicrobial, antiradical and insecticidal activity when compared to leaf extract. The plant can be used for developing agents/formulations effective against infectious microorganisms, oxidative stress and insect vectors that transmit dreadful diseases. The observed bioactivities could be ascribed to the presence of active principles which are to be isolated and characterized.
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Kumakech, Alfred, Allan Tekkara Obonyom, Alexandrina Acipa, and Laban Frank Turyagyenda. "Reaction of Selected Citrus Cultivars to Pseudocercospora Leaf and Fruit Spot Disease Under Natural Infection in Northern Uganda." Journal of Agricultural Science 16, no. 4 (March 15, 2024): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v16n4p8.
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Citrus is an important crop among many resource constrained subsistence farmers living in rural areas of Uganda. Citrus production is affected mainly by drought, declining soil fertility, pests and diseases. Among diseases, citrus leaf and fruit spot disease caused by fungus Pseudocercospora angolensis is currently one of the major constraints to the production of citrus in Uganda where millions of people rely on the crop for nutritional security and household income. The disease can lead to 50-100% fruit yield loss depending on environmental conditions, disease management and weather conditions. In order to identify resistance to P. angolensis, a study was conducted to identify variability for citrus leaf and fruit spot resistance from adapted commercial cultivars as an initial step in developing integrated disease management strategy. Six cultivars were assessed. The screening was under natural infection conditions in disease hot spots in northern Uganda in 2014a and 2014b seasons. The results showed significance difference (p < 0.01) for Area Under Disease Progressive Curve (AUDPC) for number of leaves with P. angolesnis symptoms and number of lesions. Subsequently, the study identified Kuno as resistant and Tangelo as less susceptible to Pseudocercospora leaf and fruit spot infection, and they could be recommended for citrus leaf and fruit spot disease control.
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Raheeba Tun Nisa, Altaf Ahmad Wani, and Rameesa Rashid. "Chemical Management of Alternaria leaf and fruit spot of apple." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 10, 2021): 521–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2021.1012.057.
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In Jammu and Kashmir, a number of diseases like scab, Alternaria leaf blotch, Marsonena, sooty blotch, fly-speck and a number of post-harvest diseases pose a major threat to the apple industry. The occurrence of Alternaria leaf blotch in J&K was reported and the disease is prevalent in almost all the apple growing districts of Kashmir valley. Alternaria leaf blotch was considered a disease of minor importance in comparison to apple scab. However, the disease resulted in epidemic during summer of 2013, and about 40-60 per cent yield loss was reported. This epidemic was attributed to climate change ( high temperature coupled with prolonged rains), absence of disease forecasting system in the valley and also to the fact that currently used fungicides do not provide satisfactory level of disease control. When overwintering mycelium forms conidia and infects fresh budding apple leaves in the spring, the infection begins. After 90 days after flowering, a rise in temperature combined with significant rainfall and relative humidity enhances secondary infection in leaves and fruits. For disease control, a variety of techniques are available, including cultural, chemical, resistance, and biological approaches. We'll go through the disease's cause, symptoms, and treatment options here.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Leaf and Fruit Diseases"
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Welker, Robert M. "White apple leafhopper affects apple fruit quality and leaf gas exchange." Thesis, This resource online, 1992. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06112009-063712/.
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Pretorius, Mathys Cornelius. "Epidemiology and control of Pseudocercospora angolensis fruit and leaf spot disease on citrus in Zimbabwe." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20938.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2005.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Fruit and Leaf Spot Disease (FLSD) of citrus, caused by Phaeoramularia angolensis, is found only in 18 countries in Africa, the Comores Islands in the Indian Ocean and Yemen in the Arabian peninsula. The major citrus export countries in Africa are Morocco, South Africa, Swaziland, and Zimbabwe. Zimbabwe is the only country affected by FLSD. FLSD is a disease of major phytosanitary and economic importance and its devastating effect on citrus is highlighted by the fact that the damage is cosmetic, which renders the fruit unmarketable. Total crop losses are not uncommon in Kenya. The aims of the present study, therefore, was was to determine the occurrence of P. angolensis in Zimbabwe and neighbouring Mozambique, to compare these isolates with the Cercospora Fresen. isolates from Swaziland and South Africa, to determine the epidemiology of the pathogen and to implement an effective control strategy to prevent the spread of FLSD. Leaf samples with citrus canker-like lesions collected in the early 1990’s in Zimbabwe were found to be infected by the fungus, Phaeoramularia angolensis. Surveys were undertaken to determine the spread and intensity of FLSD in Zimbabwe and Mozambique. In Zimbabwe, P. angolensis was limited to an area above the 19° south latitude, predominantly the moist areas and not the low-lying drier parts of the country. In Mozambique, no P. angolensis symptoms were found. Observations during the survey indicated that no proper management systems were implemented by Zimbabwean growers. A cercosporoid fungus causing a new Fruit and Leaf Spot Disease on Citrus in South Africa was identified. From morphological and rDNA sequence data (ITS 1, 5.8S and ITS 2), it was concluded that the new disease was caused by Cercospora penzigii, belonging to the Cercospora apii species complex. The genera Pseudophaeoramularia and Phaeoramularia are regarded as synonyms of Pseudocercospora, and subsequently a new combination was proposed in Pseudocercospora as P. angolensis. Cercospora gigantea was shown to not represent a species of Cercospora, while Mycosphaerella citri was found to be morphologically variable, suggesting that it could represent more than one taxon. A control strategy for the control of FLSD was evaluated in the study. The data showed that P. angolensis in Zimbabwe can be managed successfully by the removal of all old and neglected orchards, and on timely fungicide applications. Trifloxystrobin + mancozeb + mineral spray oil (20 g + 200 g + 500 ml/100 l water) applied in November, January and March was the most effective treatment. Three applications of benomyl + mancozeb + mineral spray oil (25 g + 200 g + 500 ml/100 l water) applied during the same period, was the second most effective treatment, and two applications (November and January) of trifloxystrobin + mineral spray oil (20g + 500 ml/100 l water) and difenoconazole (40 g) per 100 l/water applied twice in November and January, the third most effective treatment. The spore trap and weather data showed that P. angolensis needs high moisture and temperatures in excess of 25°C for disease development. It is concluded that P. angolensis in Zimbabwe can be managed successfully by implementing a holistic approach, which should be supported by the authorities, organised agriculture and all technical personnel involved in citrus production.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Blaar- en vrugvleksiekte (BVVS) op sitrus, veroorsaak deur Phaeoramularia angolensis, kom in 18 lande in Afrika voor asook die Comores Eilande in die Indiese Oseaan en Yemen op die Arabiese skiereiland. Marokko, Suid Afrika, Swaziland en Zimbabwe is die belangrikste uitvoerders van sitrus in Afrika. Van dié lande het slegs Zimbabwe blaar en vrugvleksiekte op sitrus. Hierdie siekte is van fitosanitêre en ekonomiese waarde en die nadelige effek van die siekte, wat slegs kosmetiese van aard is, is venietigend aangesien vrugte onbemarkbaar is. Totale opbrengsverliese is nie ongewoon in lande soos Kenya nie. Die doelwitte van die studie was dus om die voorkoms van P. angolensis in Zimbabwe te bepaal, om die Cercospora Fresen. isolate vanaf Swaziland en Suid-Afrika met mekaar te vergelyk, om die epidemiologie van die siekte vas te stel en om ‘n effektiewe beheermaatreël teen die siekte te ondersoek. Blaarmonsters met kankeragtige letsels wat in die vroeë 1990’s in Zimbabwe gevind is, het getoon dat die blare geinfekteer is met die swam, Phaeoramularia angolensis. Ondersoeke is geloots om die verspreiding en intensiteit van BVVS in Zimbabwe en Mosambiek te bepaal. In Zimbabwe was gevind dat P. angolensis beperk was tot gebiede bo die 19° Suid breedtegraad, wat die hoër vogtiger gebiede insluit eerder as die droeër, laagliggende gebiede. Geen P. angolensis simptome kon in Mosambiek gevind word nie. Tydens die opnames was dit duidelik dat geen geskikte beheerstrategieë toegepas word deur Zimbabwe se produsente nie. ‘n Nuwe cercosporoid swam, wat blaar en vrugvleksiekte op sitrus is in Suid Afrika veroorsaak is geidentifiseer. Morfologiese en rDNA volgorde (ITS 1, 5.8S en ITS 2) data het getoon dat die siekte veroorsaak word deur Cercospora penzigii wat tot die Cercospora apii spesie kompleks behoort. Die genus Pseudophaeoramularia kan as sinoniem van Pseudocercospora beskou word en ‘n nuwe kombinasie word voorgestel in Pseudocercospora as P. angolensis. Cercospora gigantea het getoon dat dit nie ‘n spesie van Cercospora kon verteenwoordig nie terwyl Mycosphaerella citri varieërend voorkom en meer as een takson kan verteenwoordig. ‘n Beheerstrategie vir die beheer van BVVS is ondersoek. Die data wys dat P. angolensis in Zimbabwe doeltreffend beheer kan word deur die uitroeiing van ou en verwaarloosde bome, en deur goed beplande fungisied bespuiting. Trifloxystrobin + mancozeb + minerale spuitolie (20 g + 200 g + 500 ml/100 l water), wat in November, Januarie en Maart toegedien is, was die mees effektiefste behandeling. Drie bespuitings van benomyl + mancozeb + minerale spuitolie (25 g + 200 g + 500 ml/100 l water) wat oor dieselfde tydperk toegedien is, was die naas beste behandeling. Trifloxystrobin (20 g) + minerale spuitolie (500 ml) per 100 l/water en difenoconazole (40 g) per 100 l/water, beide as twee bespuitings toegedien in November en Januarie, het die derde beste resultaat opgelewer. Die spoorlokval en klimatologiese data het getoon dat P. angolensis vogtige toestande en temperature hoër as 25°C benodig vir siekteontwikkeling. Die afleiding uit die studie is dat P. angolensis suksesvol beheer kan word indien ‘n holistiese benadering gevolg word en alle rolspelers naamlik die owerheid, georganiseerde landbou en tegniese personeel die proses ondersteun.
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Abdurabi, Abdurabi Seif. "Studies of phaeoramularia fruit and leaf spot disease of citrus in Kenya." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259502.
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Poulsen, Kristian Wermuth. "Effect of pre-bloom leaf defoliation on cluster morphology and disease pressure." Master's thesis, ISA-UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/12214.
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Mestrado Vinifera Euromaster - Instituto Superior de Agronomia - ULDefoliation of grapevines have been shown to impact fruit set and fruit development, although the extent to and timing of which defoliation impacts fruit set and development is still being investigated. This is useful for the purpose of managing crop load and can be a useful tool for disease management. Currently, the understanding is that removal of leaves from the fruiting zone alters the source-sink balance, forcing the grapevine to down-prioritize flowering resulting in reduced fruit set, smaller clusters and less rot (Incidence x Severity). The purpose of this project is to investigate how pre-bloom removal of the six basal leaves on Riesling (clone 49) grapevines alters fruit set, cluster morphology and berry composition. The experiment was conducted in 2014 at Michigan State University’s Southwest Michigan research and Extension Center in Benton Harbor, MI (lat. 42005’10.55” N, long. 86021’03.68”W). Our experiments show that there is a significant impact on fruit set as a consequence of defoliation, where defoliated vines showed a lower percentage of fruit set compared to control (43% vs. 63.4%) and the lower fruit set percentage also yielded less rot within the clusters (21.3% vs. 31.5%). Differences were noted in the rachis development (rachis were heavier and thicker with longer lateral branches in the control), but no significant changes were observed in berry composition and the proportions of successfully to unsuccessfully seeded berries as a result of the treatment
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Call, Robert E., and Michael E. Matheron. "Effective Management Tools for Septoria Leaf Spot of Pistachio in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220530.
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Septoria leaf spot was detected in the United States for the first time in 1964 within an experimental pistachio planting at Brownwood, Texas. The first observation of the same disease in Arizona pistachio trees did not occur until 1986. In 1988, a survey of the 2,000 acres of pistachio orchards in southeastern Arizona revealed a widespread incidence of the disease. Since the initial discovery of the disease, Septoria leaf spot has appeared annually in some of the Arizona pistachio acreage. The onset and severity of the disease is influenced by summer rainfall that occurs in this region. Disease management trials conducted since 1992 have shown that as few as two applications of chlorothalonil in July and August can virtually prevent disease development. Applications of copper hydroxide or benomyl alone or in combination also effectively arrest disease development. Leaves around nut clusters on infected trees not receiving fungicide treatments were usually senescent at crop maturity, whereas leaves on treated trees showed no sign of senescence. Pistachio trees infected with Septoria leaf spot and not treated with an effective fungicide can defoliate in the autumn up to 2 months prematurely.
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Call, Robert E., and Michael E. Matheron. "Fungicidal Performance in Managing Septoria Leaf Spot of Pistachio in Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/223845.
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Septoria leaf spot was detected in the United States for the first time in 1964 within an experimental pistachio planting at Brownwood, Texas. The first observation of the same disease in Arizona pistachio trees did not occur until 1986. In 1988, a survey of the 2,000 acres of pistachio orchards in southeastern Arizona revealed a widespread incidence of the disease. Since the initial discovery of the disease, Septoria leaf spot has appeared annually in some Arizona pistachio acreage. The onset and severity of the disease is influenced by summer rainfall that occurs in this region. Pistachio trees infected with Septoria leaf spot and not treated with an effective fungicide can defoliate in the autumn up to 2 months prematurely. The objective of this field study was to evaluate the efficacy of several different fungicides against this disease. All fungicides were applied to tree foliage on July 13 and August 10, 1999. Disease severity was lowest on trees treated with Flint (trifloxystrobin). Other materials that significantly reduced the final level of disease compared to nontreated trees included Abound (azoxystrobin), Break (propiconazole), and Procop R (copper hydroxide).
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Matheron, Michael E., Michael W. Kilby, and Robert Call. "Effect of Foliar Application of Benomyl on Severity of Septoria Leaf Spot on Pistachio in Southeastern Arizona." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/220574.
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The fungicide, benomyl (Benlate) was foliar applied by a commercial air blast sprayer at the rate of 1.0 lb. a.i. per acre in early to late August. Treatments varied with a number of applications i.e. one or two and were compared to an untreated control. Benomyl significantly reduced leaf necrosis surrounding nut clusters and the number of leaf spot lesions when compared to control. One or two applications were equally effective in controlling Septoria leaf spot.
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Ndo, Eunice. "Évaluation des facteurs de risque épidémiologique de la phaeoramulariose des agrumes dans les zones humides du Cameroun." Thesis, Montpellier, SupAgro, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NSAM0034/document.
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La phaeoramulariose des agrumes (Pseudocercospora angolensis) attaque les agrumes en Afrique tropicale et constitue une menace pour les autres pays producteurs situés en zone tropicale. La lutte chimique est le seul moyen de lutte efficace contre cette maladie. Cependant, elle est couteuse et néfaste pour l'environnement. La mise en place de stratégies de lutte permettant de minimiser l'emploi de fongicides contre est donc nécessaire. La connaissance des facteurs de risque de la phaeoramulariose est une étape préliminaire à cette démarche. Le travail entrepris avait pour but de préciser, à l'aide d'une enquête et des expérimentations, les effets de certains facteurs sur le développement de la maladie. L'enquête a été effectuée dans 39 sites de production des agrumes au Cameroun. Elle a permis de recenser les facteurs pédoclimatiques et biologiques dans l'environnement des arbres et de retenir les plus importants dans l'épidémiologie. Les expérimentations sur 8 sites ont permis de confirmer et évaluer les paramètres retenus après l'enquête. L'altitude, le type de sol, l'espèce d'agrumes et le type de végétation ont été retenus comme principaux facteurs de développement de la maladie. Les relations entre ces facteurs et l'incidence de la maladie sont illustrées dans les arbres de segmentation. Les expérimentations ont confirmé la grande sensibilité des pomélos et orangers vis-à-vis P. angolensis. En revanche, les mandariniers et la lime Tahiti se sont avérés moins sensibles. L'incidence de la maladie augmente avec une élévation en altitude, une diminution de la température et de la pluviométrie. La texture du sol s'est avérée plus déterminante du niveau de la maladie que sa composition. Le rôle de l'ombrage s'est avéré déterminant sur l'incidence de la maladie. L'analyse de la structure spatiale de la maladie a permis de mettre en évidence une structure agrégée. La structure spatiale des sous populations de familles d'arbres d'une parcelle agroforestière était aussi agrégée. La dispersion de la phaeoramulariose au sein d'une telle parcelle entre les différents agrégats d'agrumes serait limitée. L'analyse de régression a permis de déceler des différences entre les paramètres contribuant au développement de la maladie sur pomélos, satsuma et orangers. La possibilité d'une conception des systèmes agroforestiers raisonnés pour diminuer la pression des bioagresseurs est envisagéePhaeoramularia leaf and fruit spot disease of citrus (PLFSD) caused by Pseudocercospora angolensis attacks citrus in tropical Africa. It also constitutes a threat for the other producer countries located in tropical zone. Chemical treatment is the only method used for effective control of this disease. However, in addition to causing ecological problems, this method lies beyond the reach local smallholders. The development of ecologically friendly strategies to ensure effective protection of citrus is thus necessary. To this end, knowledge of PLFSD risk factors is pre-required. The purpose of this study was to specify, by means of a survey and experiments carried, the effects of certain biotic and abiotic factors on the development of the disease. The survey carried out in 39 production sites of Cameroon, targetted a collection of environmental and biological tree characteristics. Experiments on 8 sites enabled a confirmation and evaluation of suspected factors. A stepwise logistic regression analysis of survey data made it possible to target altitude, soil type, citrus species and vegetation type as main factors influencing disease development. Relations between these factors and disease incidence are illustrated in segmentation trees. Experiments confirmed the great sensitivity of grape fruit and orange trees, while tangerine and Tahiti lime trees were less sensitive. Disease incidence increased with a rise in altitude and a reduction in temperature and rainfall. Soil texture proved to be more determinant in disease development than its chemical composition. Experimentation showed that trees planted under shade are less affected than those located in sunshine. A spatial structure analysis of the disease made it possible to highlight an aggregate structure indicating small scale disease dispersion. An analysis of the spatial structure of an agro forestry farm showed an aggregate structure of the sub populations of constituent tree families. This structure suggested that the dispersion of PLFSD within such a farm would be limited between the various citrus aggregates. PLS regression analysis suggested that several of these parameters play a determinant role in contributing to the development of disease on grape fruit, orange and Satsuma mandarin trees. The development of integrated agro forest systems which enable a decrease of the pressure of pest and diseases is envisaged
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Lira, Bruno Silvestre. "Manipulation of leaf senescence and chlorophyll degradation aiming fruit improvement." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41132/tde-28102017-114118/.
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Leaves are responsible for the majority of the fixed carbon in most plant species. Along leaf development, the photosynthetic capacity increases until the organ reaches maturity. Consequently, at the onset of senescence the leaves have the highest photosynthetic activity, then, as the chloroplasts are dismantled and the photosynthetic machinery is degraded, leaves gradually lose the rate of carbon assimilation. Although the capacity to fix carbon declines as senescence progresses, nutrient remobilization from macromolecule degradation nourishes the developing sink organs. In this regard, delaying leaf senescence stands out as a promising strategy to increase plant yield as extends the window of time with maximum carbon fixation rate. Another approach that is receiving much attention is the manipulation of chlorophyll degradation once it potentially regulates photosynthetic capacity and affects the nutritional quality of harvestable organs. As chlorophyll is degraded, the released phytol is recycled and can be either stored (i.e. as fatty acid phytyl esters), used for chlorophyll synthesis or be incorporated in tocopherol biosynthesis. Tocopherols have high nutraceutical value due to their antioxidant properties. However, the majority of the studies regarding senescence and chlorophyll degradation were carried out in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana or grasses, creating a knowledge gap about these processes in fleshy fruit-bearing plants of human diet interest. In this regard, the tomato, Solanum lycopersicum, is an excellent model not only for the genetic and genomic resources, but also for its agronomic and nutritional importance. Thus, this project aims to extend what is known about the effects of chlorophyll degradation and senescence manipulation over the metabolism and yield of tomato plants, as well as fruit nutritional quality. In order to evaluate the consequences of alteration in chlorophyll degradation, first the enzymes chlorophyllase and pheophytinase, both capable of dephytylating the chlorophyll molecule, were identified and characterised. An extensive phylogenetic, evolutive and transcriptional analysis allowed the identification of two groups of chlorophyllases, one putatively involved in the response to different stimuli, while the other may act in chlorophyll homeostasis. As for pheophytinase, only one group was identified, being related to physiologically programmed processes that trigger chlorophyll degradation (i.e. leaf senescence and fruit ripening). Given this scenario, pheophytinase was chosen to be constitutively knocked-down in order to evaluate the effects over the metabolism of leaves and fruits. As consequence of this manipulation, transgenic plants were impaired in the leaf senescence-associated chlorophyll breakdown, but, although with an initial delay, fruit ripening-associated degreening was not compromised. Several photosynthetic and biochemical parameters were signs of photoinhibition, possibly due to a deficiency in chlorophyll recycling in leaves. This led to an increase in sugar exportation towards fruits, ultimately increasing soluble sugar content of ripe fruits. However, as a consequence, carotenoid levels were reduced, what, at least partially, it was compensated by an increase in tocopherol content. The results indicated that pheophytinase plays a role beyond senescence-associated chlorophyll degradation and its manipulation led to the development of fruit with increased soluble sugars and tocopherols at the cost of lowering carotenoid levels. Thus, these evidences support the manipulation of chlorophyll breakdown as a strategy for improvement of fleshy fruit plants. In order to address the effects of senescence over yield and fruit quality, the transcription factor ORESARA1, which has been widely characterised in A. thaliana and is considered a key regulator of senescence initiation, was targeted. After a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis and the characterization of the regulatory mechanisms, one putative ortholog was selected to be silenced. As consequence of this manipulation, leaves displayed increased chlorophyll content. Moreover, as senescence was delayed, the extent of photosynthetic activity of the leaves was also expanded. As the number of fruits was increased in the knockdown lines, this reflected in an increment in the harvest index. Ripe fruits accumulated more soluble sugars and tocopherols. Collectively, the results support the manipulation of leaf senescence as a strategy for tomato yield improvement. Altogether, data obtained enhance the knowledge about the impacts of chlorophyll degradation and leaf senescence over the metabolism of fleshy-fruit plants, providing strategies to increase yield and nutritional quality of fruitsAs folhas, para a maioria das espécies vegetais, são o principal órgão responsável pela fixação de carbono. Durante o desenvolvimento foliar, o potencial fotossintético aumenta até a folha atingir a sua maturidade. Consequentemente, no momento que o programa de senescência se inicia, a folha apresenta a maior taxa de fotossíntese, a qual passa então a declinar conforme o cloroplasto se desorganiza e a maquinaria fotossintética é degradada. Apesar da redução na fixação de carbono, o catabolismo de macromoléculas possibilita a remobilização de nutrientes para os órgãos dreno em desenvolvimento. Neste contexto, atrasar a senescência destaca-se como uma promissora estratégia para aumento da produtividade, uma vez que estende o período de máxima fixação de carbono das folhas. Outra estratégia que tem recebido atenção por, potencialmente, regular a capacidade fotossintética e afetar a qualidade nutricional dos órgãos coletáveis é a manipulação da degradação da clorofila. Durante o catabolismo deste pigmento, o fitol liberado é reciclado podendo ser armazenado (i.e. na forma de ésteres de fitil com ácidos graxos), ser utilizado na síntese de novas moléculas de clorofila ou ser incorporado na rota biossintética de tocoferóis. Estes últimos compostos, por seu potencial antioxidante, possuem alto valor nutracêutico. No entanto, a maior parte dos estudos sobre senescência e degradação de clorofila foi realizada na planta modelo Arabidopsis thaliana ou em gramíneas, tornando escassas as informações relativas a plantas com frutos carnosos de interesse para a dieta humana. Nesse âmbito, o tomateiro, Solanum lycopersicum, é um excelente modelo de estudo não apenas pela disponibilidade de recursos genético e genômicos, mas também pela importância agronômica e nutricional desta espécie. Assim, este trabalho pretende expandir o conhecimento acerca dos efeitos da manipulação da degradação de clorofila e da senescência sobre o metabolismo e produtividade do tomateiro, bem como sobre a qualidade nutricional dos frutos. De modo a se avaliar as consequências de alterações na degradação de clorofila, iniciou-se por identificar e caracterizar em tomateiro as enzimas clorofilase e feofitinase, as quais catalisam a defitilação da molécula de clorofila. Uma vasta análise filogenética, evolutiva e transcricional permitiu a identificação de dois grupos de clorofilases, um dos quais estaria envolvido na plasticidade de respostas a estímulos e o outro na homeostase dos níveis de clorofila. Já para feofitinase, somente um grupo foi identificado, o qual está relacionado a processos fisiologicamente programados que levam à degradação de clorofila (i.e. senescência foliar e amadurecimento de frutos). Dado o panorama obtido, a feofitinase foi escolhida para ser constitutivamente silenciada de modo a se avaliar as consequências para o metabolismo de folhas e frutos. Como consequência do silenciamento, as linhagens transgênicas mostraram-se incapazes de degradar clorofila durante a senescência, mas, embora com um atraso nas etapas iniciais, a degradação ao longo do amadurecimento de frutos não foi comprometida. Diversos parâmetros fotossintéticos e bioquímicos foram indicativos de fotoinibição, possivelmente em virtude de uma deficiência na reciclagem da clorofila em folhas. Isto acarretou em um aumento na exportação de açúcares para frutos, incrementando a concentração de açúcares solúveis nos frutos maduros, que, em contrapartida, resultou na queda nos teores de carotenoides. A queda nestes compostos antioxidantes foi, ao menos parcialmente, compensada por um aumento nos níveis de tocoferóis. Os resultados indicaram que a feofitinase possui um papel além da degradação de clorofila associada à senescência, e que sua manipulação leva ao desenvolvimento de frutos com maior teor de açúcares solúveis e de tocoferóis ao custo da redução no de carotenoides. Desta forma, estas evidências suportam a manipulação da clorofila como estratégia para o melhoramento de frutos carnosos. Para investigar o efeito da senescência sobre a produtividade e qualidade de frutos foi escolhido o fator de transcrição ORESARA1, o qual está amplamente caracterizado em A. thaliana e é considerado um regulador chave no desencadeamento deste processo. A partir de uma extensa análise filogenética e da caracterização de sua regulação, um putativo ortólogo foi selecionado como alvo para silenciamento. Como consequência desta manipulação, folhas apresentaram os níveis de clorofila incrementados. Além disto, taxas fotossintéticas maiores que as do genótipo controle foram mantidas por maior tempo indicando que a iniciação da senescência foi retardada. Assim, estas plantas produziram um maior número de frutos, consequentemente, aumentando o índice de colheita dessas linhagens. Os frutos maduros apresentaram maiores teores de açúcares solúveis e de tocoferóis. Os resultados demostraram que o retardo do início da senescência é uma estratégia efetiva para aumento da produtividade de tomateiro. Coletivamente, os resultados obtidos aprofundam o conhecimento acerta dos impactos da degradação de clorofila e senescência sobre o metabolismo de plantas com frutos carnoso, além de prover estratégias para se incrementar a produtividade e a qualidade nutricional de frutos
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Campbell, Richard J. "Canopy light environment influences apple leaf physiology and fruit quality." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39857.
Full textAbstract:
Several experiments were conducted to determine: the influence of canopy position, girdling, and defoliation on nectar production; whether instantaneous light measurements yield reliable estimates of cumulative seasonal light levels within the canopy; and the effect of the canopy light environment on spur leaf physiology and fruit quality. Defoliation of nongirdled flowering spurs had no effect on nectar production or composition, while defoliation of girdled spurs n~duced nectar sugar concentration by 24%. Canopy position had no influence on nectar production or composition. At full bloom there were differences in photosynthe~tic potential of spur leaves from different canopy positions. Exterior leaves had a greater maximum photosynthetic rate and an unique photosynthetic light response curve compared to the intermediate and interior leaves. Differences among positions persisted throughout the season. Stomatal conductance, specific leaf weight, dark respiration, and light levels were greater for the exterior leaves throughout the season.
Instantaneous light measurements made on a single uniformly overcast day after the canopy was fully-developed (average of four times during the day) provided reliable estimates (predictive R2 > 0.90, n = 30) of total cumulative seasonal photosynthetic photon density (PPD). There was a I-to-l relationship between instantaneous and cumulative PPD after canopy development was complete providing both measures were expressed as a percentage. The relationships were equal over multiple dates for two consecutive years. Cloudless conditions provided poor estimates (predictive R2 = 0.49 to 0.80, n = 30). Light environment and harvest date influenced fruit quality characteristics within the canopy. Fruit red color, intensity of red color, and soluble solids concentration were all positively related to light level, with the highest R 2 on the early harvest dates. Fruit weight, firmness,
length/ diameter ratio, starch index, and seed number were not consistently influenced by the light environment. The number of hours above an average photosynthetic photon flux density threshold of 250 I-£mol. m-2• sec'! explained slightly more of the variation in fruit quality characteristics than any other expressions of light.Ph. D.
Books on the topic "Leaf and Fruit Diseases"
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Stebbins, Robert L. Using leaf analysis to diagnose nutrient disorders in tree fruits and small fruits. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1988.
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Hamilton, K. G. A. Cicadelles des arbres ornementaux et fruitiers du Canada. Ottawa, Ont: Agriculture Canada, 1985.
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Koch, Maryjo. Seed leaf flower fruit. New York: Smithmark Publishers, 1998.
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Seed leaf flower fruit. San Francisco: Collins Publishers San Francisco, 1995.
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Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Leaf Analyses For Fruit Crops. S.l: s.n, 1988.
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Ontario. Ministry of Agriculture and Food. Leaf analyses for fruit crop nutrition. S.l: s.n, 1990.
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International, Symposium on Virus and Virus-Like Diseases of Temperate Fruit Crops (17th 1997 Bethesda Md ). Fruit tree diseases. Leuven, Belgium: International Society of Horticultural Science, 1998.
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M, Ogawa J., ed. Stone fruit diseases. St. Paul, MN: American Phytopathological Association, 1995.
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Misra, A. K. Diseases of fruit crops. New Delhi: Indian Phytopathological Society, 2012.
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Mukerji, K. G., ed. Fruit and Vegetable Diseases. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48575-3.
Full textBook chapters on the topic "Leaf and Fruit Diseases"
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Nalini, C., N. Kayalvizhi, V. Keerthana, and R. Balaji. "Detection and Classification of Fruit Tree Leaf Disease Using Deep Learning." In Proceedings of Third Doctoral Symposium on Computational Intelligence, 347–56. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3148-2_30.
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Nandi, Rabindra Nath, Aminul Haque Palash, Nazmul Siddique, and Mohammed Golam Zilani. "Device-Friendly Guava Fruit and Leaf Disease Detection Using Deep Learning." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 49–59. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34619-4_5.
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Naresh Kumar, S., Sankararao Majji, Tulasi Radhika Patnala, C. B. Jagadeesh, K. Ezhilarasan, and S. John Pimo. "Fruit and Leaf Disease Detection Based on Image Processing and Machine Learning Algorithms." In Expert Clouds and Applications, 377–84. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2500-9_27.
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Anandamurugan, S., B. Deva Dharshini, J. Ayesha Howla, and T. Ranjith. "Deep Neural Network Model for Automatic Detection of Citrus Fruit and Leaf Disease." In Innovations in Bio-Inspired Computing and Applications, 320–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-96299-9_32.
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Mateke, Stanley M. "The Effect of Shade on Initial Growth, Development and Occurrences of Leaf Diseases on Wild Indigenous Fruit Trees." In Combating Desertification with Plants, 233–40. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1327-8_21.
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Vishunavat, Karuna, Kuppusami Prabakar, and Theerthagiri Anand. "Seed Health: Testing and Management." In Seed Science and Technology, 335–64. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_14.
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AbstractHealthy seeds play an important role in growing a healthy crop. Seed health testing is performed by detecting the presence or absence of insect infestation and seed-borne diseases caused by fungi, bacteria, and viruses. The most detrimental effect of seed-borne pathogens is the contamination of previously disease-free areas and the spread of new diseases. Sowing contaminated or infected seeds not only spreads pathogens but can also reduce yields significantly by 15–90%. Some of the major seed-borne diseases affecting yield in cereals, oilseeds, legumes, and vegetables, particularly in the warm and humid conditions prevailing in the tropical and sub-tropical regions, are blast and brown spot of rice, white tip nematode and ear-cockle in wheat, bacterial leaf blight of rice, downy mildews, smuts, head mould, seedling rots, anthracnose, halo blight, and a number of viral diseases. Hence, detection of seed-borne pathogens, such as fungi (anthracnose, bunt, smut, galls, fungal blights), bacteria (bacterial blights, fruit rots, cankers), viruses (crinkle, mottle, mosaic), and nematodes (galls and white tip), which transmit through infected seed to the main crop, is an important step in the management strategies for seed-borne diseases. Thus, seed health testing forms an essential part of seed certification, phytosanitary certification, and quarantine programmes at national and international levels. Detection of seed-borne/transmitted pathogens is also vital in ensuring the health of the basic stock used for seed production and in maintaining the plant germplasm for future research and product development. Besides the precise and reproducible testing methods, appropriate practices during seed production and post-harvest handling, including seed treatment and storage, are important components of seed health management and sustainable crop protection.
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Sharma, Saurabh, Gajanand Sharma, Ekta Menghani, and Anupama Sharma. "A Comprehensive Review on Automatic Detection and Early Prediction of Tomato Diseases and Pests Control Based on Leaf/Fruit Images." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 276–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22018-0_26.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Hydroponic production of selected crops." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 196–228. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0011a.
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Abstract While there is a wide range of potentially profitable crops which can be grown in hydroponics under protected cultivation, greenhouse production is dominated by fruiting crops such as tomatoes, cucumber, capsicum and strawberries, and vegetative species such as lettuce, salad and leafy greens, herbs and specialty crops like microgreens. This chapter summarizes information on a selected range of common hydroponic crops to give basic procedures for each and an outline of the systems of production. These crops include tomato, capsicum or sweet bell pepper, cucumber, lettuce and other salad greens, strawberry and rose. Information is given on their hydroponic production systems and environment, propagation, plant density, pruning, pollination, fruit growth, crop nutrition, pests, diseases, disorders, harvesting and postharvest handling.
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Morgan, Lynette. "Hydroponic production of selected crops." In Hydroponics and protected cultivation: a practical guide, 196–228. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789244830.0196.
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Abstract While there is a wide range of potentially profitable crops which can be grown in hydroponics under protected cultivation, greenhouse production is dominated by fruiting crops such as tomatoes, cucumber, capsicum and strawberries, and vegetative species such as lettuce, salad and leafy greens, herbs and specialty crops like microgreens. This chapter summarizes information on a selected range of common hydroponic crops to give basic procedures for each and an outline of the systems of production. These crops include tomato, capsicum or sweet bell pepper, cucumber, lettuce and other salad greens, strawberry and rose. Information is given on their hydroponic production systems and environment, propagation, plant density, pruning, pollination, fruit growth, crop nutrition, pests, diseases, disorders, harvesting and postharvest handling.
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Shaker, Khubab, and Yasir Nawab. "Fruit, Seed and Leaf Fibers." In Lignocellulosic Fibers, 21–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97413-8_3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Leaf and Fruit Diseases"
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Mohinani, Hanisha, Vinita Chugh, Shivanghee Kaw, Om Yerawar, and Indu Dokare. "Vegetable and Fruit Leaf Diseases Detection using ResNet." In 2022 Interdisciplinary Research in Technology and Management (IRTM). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irtm54583.2022.9791744.
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Saranya, N., L. Pavithra, N. Kanthimathi, B. Ragavi, and P. Sandhiyadevi. "Detection of Banana Leaf and Fruit Diseases Using Neural Networks." In 2020 Second International Conference on Inventive Research in Computing Applications (ICIRCA). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icirca48905.2020.9183006.
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J, Catherine Bimla, Sindhuja S. N, and Christina Jane .I. "Detection of Grape Leaf Diseases Using a Traditional Neural Network." In The International Conference on scientific innovations in Science, Technology, and Management. International Journal of Advanced Trends in Engineering and Management, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.59544/fnob9186/ngcesi23p91.
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Having diseases is quite natural in crops due to changing climatic and environmental conditions. Diseases affect the growth and produce of the crops and often difficult to control. To ensure good quality and high production, it is necessary to have accurate disease diagnosis and control actions to prevent them in time. Grape which is widely grown crop in India and it may be affected by different types of diseases on leaf, stem and fruit. Leaf diseases which are the early symptoms caused due to fungi, bacteria and virus. So, there is a need to have an automatic system that can be used to detect the type of diseases and to take appropriate actions. This project proposes an automatic system for detecting the disease in the grape leaf using convolutional neural network. The CNN classified image is fed to the image processing operation. In image processing operation block Gaussian filter is used. The fuzzy inference system segments the processed image using Fuzzy c-means segmentation. A healthy leaf percentage are discovered using the fuzzy inference approach. This project is implemented with MATLAB simulation software and the output reveals the healthy percentage.
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Deng, Yun, Zhaojun Chen, and Shouxue Chen. "Fruit Leaf Pests and Diseases Identification Based on Data Enhancement and Transfer Learning." In ICIIP 2019: 2019 4th International Conference on Intelligent Information Processing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3378065.3378146.
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Shireesha, Guddeti, and B. Eswar Reddy. "Citrus Fruit and Leaf Disease Detection Using DenseNet." In 2022 International Conference on Smart Generation Computing, Communication and Networking (SMART GENCON). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartgencon56628.2022.10083852.
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Sheikh, Md Helal, Tahmina Tashrif Mim, Md Shamim Reza, and Most Hasna Hena. "Leaf Diseases Detection for Commercial Cultivation of Obsolete Fruit in Bangladesh using Image Processing System." In 2019 8th International Conference System Modeling and Advancement in Research Trends (SMART). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smart46866.2019.9117505.
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Math, Gayatri, Vishwanath P, Myasar Mundher Adnan, R. Archana Reddy, and S. Meenakshi Sundaram. "Apple Fruit leaf Disease Detection and Classification using Quantum Behaved Particle Swarm Optimization." In 2024 International Conference on Integrated Circuits and Communication Systems (ICICACS). IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icicacs60521.2024.10498615.
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Ahmed, Md Humayan, Tajul Islam, and Romana Rahman Ema. "A New Hybrid Intelligent GAACO Algorithm for Automatic Image Segmentation and Plant Leaf or Fruit Diseases Identification Using TSVM Classifier." In 2019 International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Engineering (ECCE). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecace.2019.8679219.
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Samoilova, Anna. "Effect of phages isolated from different sources against fire blight pathogen." In 5th International Scientific Conference on Microbial Biotechnology. Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52757/imb22.29.
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Fire blight of rosaceous plants is one of the economically most important diseases of fruit trees caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Plants are extremely vulnerable for fire blight infection at the bloom stage. Blossom blight can lead to the great crop losses and even the plant death. Since chemical treatments are forbidden in time of blossoming, bacteriophages, highly specific bacterial viruses could be used for the disease control. Being the natural components of ecosystems, phages infect only bacteria sensitive to them, are non-toxic to plants, animals and humans and are adapted to the bacteria environment. It has been shown that bacterium E. amylovora expresses its major pathogenicity factors during immature pear tissues infection. Therefore, in this study, the ability of four virulent E. amylovora bacteriophages, isolated from the aerial parts of the affected plants (phage isolate 1 from quince tissues; phage isolate 2 from hawthorn, Republic of Moldova) and from natural water reservoirs near fruits orchards or wild rosaceous trees (phage isolates 3 and 4, Swiss Confederation) to inhibit E. amylovora growth in the immature pear tissues was evaluated. Immature pear slices were inoculated with suspensions of E. amylovora CFBP1430 and EaM contained 104 CFU/ml. After four hours incubation in the humidified chamber at 280C infected immature pear slices were treated with 107 PFU/ml of phage isolates. Pear slices, treated with sterile distilled water were used as a control. Symptoms were recorded at 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 8 days after inoculation. For each bacteria strain/phage isolate combination tested pear slices were assayed in triplicate and each experiment was repeated at least two times. Immature pear slices infected with bacteria EaM displayed the first symptoms of the fire blight, ooze formation and light necrosis, one day after inoculation. Pear slices, infected with E. amylovora CFBP1430 demonstrated ooze and necrosis two days after inoculation. In the bacteria/phage combinations the first symptoms of the fire blight appeared on the sixth day after inoculation in the variants of EaM/phage isolate 3 and CFBP1430/phage isolate 3. On the seventh and eighth days after inoculation symptoms of the fire blight infection have been recorded in the EaM/phage isolate 2 and CFBP1430/ phage isolate 2, respectively. Bacteria/phage combinations EaM/phage isolate 4 and CFBP1430/ phage isolate 4 showed disease symptoms on the seventh day after inoculation. Immature pear slices in the variants EaM/phage isolate 1 and CFBP1430/phage isolate 1 showed necrotic lesion eight days after inoculation. Thus, phage isolate 4, detected in water was able to suppress growth of phytopathogenic E. amylovora just a day less than highly virulent phage isolate 1 detected in the quince tissues. The conducted experiments have demonstrated that bacteriophages isolated from water revealed high efficacy against bacteria E. amylovora and all studied phage isolates successfully inhibited the fire blight causative agent growth in the plant host tissues for about seven days. Hence it has been shown that treatment with bacteriophages for the fire blight control in the fruit orchard should be carried out weekly if environmental conditions are favorable for the disease development.
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Yathurshan, K., S. Barathy, G. Karini, P. Sajitha, Pradeep Abeygunawardhna, and Kaushalya Rajapakse. "Leaf Guard: Detecting the Diseases in Banana Leaf." In 2023 5th International Conference on Advancements in Computing (ICAC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icac60630.2023.10417613.
Full textReports on the topic "Leaf and Fruit Diseases"
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Reisch, Bruce, Avichai Perl, Julie Kikkert, Ruth Ben-Arie, and Rachel Gollop. Use of Anti-Fungal Gene Synergisms for Improved Foliar and Fruit Disease Tolerance in Transgenic Grapes. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2002.7575292.bard.
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Original objectives . 1. Test anti-fungal gene products for activity against Uncinula necator, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer and Botrytis cinerea. 2. For Agrobacterium transformation, design appropriate vectors with gene combinations. 3. Use biolistic bombardment and Agrobacterium for transformation of important cultivars. 4. Characterize gene expression in transformants, as well as level of powdery mildew and Botrytis resistance in foliage of transformed plants. Background The production of new grape cultivars by conventional breeding is a complex and time-consuming process. Transferring individual traits via single genes into elite cultivars was proposed as a viable strategy, especially for vegetatively propagated crops such as grapevines. The availability of effective genetic transformation procedures, the existence of genes able to reduce pathogen stress, and improved in vitro culture methods for grapes, were combined to serve the objective of this proposal. Effective deployment of resistance genes would reduce production costs and increase crop quality, and several such genes and combinations were used in this project. Progress The efficacy of two-way combinations of Trichoderma endochitinase (CHIT42), synthetic peptide ESF12 and resveratrol upon the control of growth of Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium digitatum were evaluated in vitro. All pairwise interactions were additive but not synergistic. Per objective 2, suitable vectors with important gene combinations for Agrobacterium transformation were designed. In addition, multiple gene co-transformation by particle bombardment was also tested successfully. In New York, transformation work focused on cultivars Chardonnay and Merlot, while the technology in Israel was extended to 41B, R. 110, Prime, Italia, Gamay, Chardonnay and Velika. Transgenic plant production is summarized in the appendix. Among plants developed in Israel, endochitinase expression was assayed via the MuchT assay using material just 1-5 days after co-cultivation. Plants of cv. Sugraone carrying the gene coding for ESF12, a short anti-fungal lytic peptide under the control of the double 358 promoter, were produced. Leaf extracts of two plants showed inhibition zones that developed within 48 h indicating the inhibitory effect of the leaf extracts on the six species of bacteria. X fastidiosa, the causal organism of Pierce's disease, was very sensitive to leaf extracts from ESF12 transformed plants. Further work is needed to verify the agricultural utility of ESF12 transformants. In New York, some transformants were resistant to powdery mildew and Botrytis fruit rot. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements and implications The following scientific achievements resulted from this cooperative BARD project: 1. Development and improvement of embryogenesis and tissue culture manipulation in grape, while extending these procedures to several agriculturally important cultivars both in Israel and USA. 2. Development and improvement of novel transformation procedures while developing transformation techniques for grape and other recalcitrant species. 3. Production of transgenic grapevines, characterization of transformed vines while studying the expression patterns of a marker gene under the control of different promoter as the 35S CaMV in different part of the plants including flowers and fruits. 4. Expression of anti-fungal genes in grape: establishment of transgenic plants and evaluation of gene expression. Development of techniques to insert multiple genes. 5. Isolation of novel grape specific promoter to control the expression of future antimicrobial genes. It is of great importance to report that significant progress was made in not only the development of transgenic grapevines, but also in the evaluation of their potential for increased resistance to disease as compared with the non engineered cultivar. In several cases, increased disease resistance was observed. More research and development is still needed before a product can be commercialized, yet our project lays a framework for further investigations.
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Cohen, Roni, Kevin Crosby, Menahem Edelstein, John Jifon, Beny Aloni, Nurit Katzir, Haim Nerson, and Daniel Leskovar. Grafting as a strategy for disease and stress management in muskmelon production. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7613874.bard.
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The overall objective of this research was to elucidate the horticultural, pathological, physiological and molecular factors impacting melon varieties (scion) grafted onto M. cannonballus resistant melon and squash rootstocks. Specific objectives were- to compare the performance of resistant melon germplasm (grafted and non-grafted) when exposed to M. cannoballus in the Lower Rio Grande valley and the Wintergarden, Texas, and in the Arava valley, Israel; to address inter-species relationships between a Monosporascus resistant melon rootstock and susceptible melon scions in terms of fruit-set, fruit quality and yield; to study the factors which determine the compatibility between the rootstock and the scion in melon; to compare the responses of graft unions of differing compatibilities under disease stress, high temperatures, deficit irrigation, and salinity stress; and to investigate the effect of rootstock on stress related gene expression in the scion. Some revisions were- to include watermelon in the Texas investigations since it is much more economically important to the state, and also to evaluate additional vine decline pathogens Didymella bryoniae and Macrophomina phaseolina. Current strategies for managing vine decline rely heavily on soil fumigation with methyl bromide, but restrictions on its use have increased the need for alternative management strategies. Grafting of commercial melon varieties onto resistant rootstocks with vigorous root systems is an alternative to methyl bromide for Monosporascus root rot/vine decline (MRR/VD) management in melon production. Extensive selection and breeding has already produced potential melon rootstock lines with vigorous root systems and disease resistance. Melons can also be grafted onto Cucurbita spp., providing nonspecific but efficient protection from a wide range of soil-borne diseases and against some abiotic stresses, but compatibility between the scion and the rootstock can be problematic. During the first year experiments to evaluate resistance to the vine decline pathogens Monosporascus cannonballus, Didymella bryoniae, and Macrophomina phaseolina in melon and squash rootstocks proved the efficacy of these grafted plants in improving yield and quality. Sugars and fruit size were better in grafted versus non-grafted plants in both Texas and Israel. Two melons (1207 and 124104) and one pumpkin, Tetsukabuto, were identified as the best candidate rootstocks in Texas field trials, while in Israel, the pumpkin rootstock RS59 performed best. Additionally, three hybrid melon rootstocks demonstrated excellent resistance to both M. cannonballus and D. bryoniae in inoculated tests, suggesting that further screening for fruit quality and yield should be conducted. Experiments with ABA in Uvalde demonstrated a significant increase in drought stress tolerance and concurrent reduction in transplant shock due to reduced transpiration for ‘Caravelle’ plants. In Israel, auxin was implicated in reducing root development and contributing to increased hydrogen peroxide, which may explain incompatibility reactions with some squash rootstocks. However, trellised plants responded favorably to auxin (NAA) application at the time of fruit development. Gene expression analyses in Israel identified several cDNAs which may code for phloem related proteins, cyclins or other factors which impact the graft compatibility. Manipulation of these genes by transformation or traditional breeding may lead to improved rootstock cultivars. Commercial applications of the new melon rootstocks as well as the ABA and TIBA growth regulators have potential to improve the success of grafted melons in both Israel and Texas. The disease resistance, fruit quality and yield data generated by the field trials will help producers in both locations to decide what rootstock/scion combinations will be best.
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Ori, Naomi, and Mark Estelle. Specific mediators of auxin activity during tomato leaf and fruit development. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597921.bard.
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The plant hormone auxin is involved in numerous developmental processes, including leaf and fruit development. The tomato (Solanumlycopersicum) gene ENTIRE (E) encodes an auxin-response inhibitor from the Aux/IAA family. While most loss-offunction mutations in Aux/IAA genes are similar to the wild type due to genetic redundancy, entire (e) mutants show specific effects on leaf and fruit development. e mutants have simple leaves, in contrast to the compound leaves of wild type tomatoes. In addition, e plants produce parthenocarpic fruits, in which fruit set occurs independently of fertilization. The aim of this research program was to utilize the e mutation to identify and characterize genes that mediate the specific effect of auxin in leaf and fruit development. The specific objectives of the project were to: 1. Characterize and map modifiers of the e leaf phenotype. 2. Characterize and map suppressors of the e fruit phenotype. 3. Dissect the developmental specificity of the E gene. 4. Examine the effect of fruit-overexpression of identified genes on fruit set and seed production. To identify mediators of auxin in leaf development, we mainly focused on one mutant, crawling elephant (crel, previously called t282), which showed substantial suppression of the e phenotype and other auxin-relatedphenotypes. We have identified the CREL gene as a homolog of the Arabidopsis VRN5 gene, involved in recruiting polycomb silencing complexes to specific targets. We showed that CREL affects auxin sensitivity in tomato. Suppressors of the e fruit phenotype have been further characterized and selected for more profound effects. Expression profiling by RNAseq was used to analyze the effect of e as well as crel on gene expression in leaves and fruits. This analysis has identified putative E and CREL targets. We have initiated studies to assess the role of some of these targets in flower and fruit development. The research has identified potential mediators of auxin response in leaf, flower and fruit development.
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Wilson, Charles, and Edo Chalutz. Biological Control of Postharvest Diseases of Citrus and Deciduous Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1991.7603518.bard.
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The objectives of this research were to develop control measures of postharvest diseases of citrus and deciduous fruits by using naturally-occurring, non-antibiotic-producing antagonists; study the mode of action of effective antagonists and optimize their application methods. Several antagonists were found against a variety of diseases of fruits and vegetables. One particularly effective yeast antagonist (US-7) was chosen for more in-depth studies. This antagonist outcompetes rot pathogens at the wound site for nutrients and space; it is better adapted than the pathogen to extreme environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity and osmotic changes, and is relatively resistant to common postharvest fungicides. Our data suggests that other modes of action may also be involved. These are induction of host resistance by the antagonists or its products, and direct interaction between the antagonists and the pathogen with the possible involvement of an extracellular material and/or cell wall degrading enzymes produced by the antagonist. However, these interactions were not fully elucidated. The antagonistic activity of US-7 and other biocontrol agents isolated, was enhanced by calcium salts. While the mode of action is not known, the addition of these salts had a significant effect both in laboratory experiments and in large-scale tests. Compatibility of the yeast antagonist with present packinghouse treatments and procedures was determined. An integrated control procedure was developed, utilizing the antagonists together with ultra-low dosages of fungicides and activity-enhancing additives. This cooperative research resulted in numerous publications describing the antagonistic agents. their mode of action and possible commercial application. Patents were developed from this research and a commercial company is pursuing the licensing of these patents and the testing of the procedure on a commercial scale. Our research findings have expanded the potential for using non-antibiotic-producing antagonistic microorganisms in the control of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables; thus meeting a critical need to find alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides on food products.
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Munkvold, Gary P., Charlie Martinson, and John M. Shriver. Fungicidal Control of Leaf Diseases in High-Oil Hybrid Corn, 2000. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-242.
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Valverde, Rodrigo A., Aviv Dombrovsky, and Noa Sela. Interactions between Bell pepper endornavirus and acute viruses in bell pepper and effect to the host. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7598166.bard.
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Based on the type of relationship with the host, plant viruses can be grouped as acute or persistent. Acute viruses are well studied and cause disease. In contrast, persistent viruses do not appear to affect the phenotype of the host. The genus Endornavirus contains persistent viruses that infect plants without causing visible symptoms. Infections by endornaviruses have been reported in many economically important crops, such as avocado, barley, common bean, melon, pepper, and rice. However, little is known about the effect they have on their plant hosts. The long term objective of the proposed project is to elucidate the nature of the symbiotic interaction between Bell pepper endornavirus (BPEV) and its host. The specific objectives include: a) to evaluate the phenotype and fruit yield of endornavirus-free and endornavirus-infected bell pepper near-isogenic lines under greenhouse conditions; b) to conduct gene expression studies using endornavirus-free and endornavirus-infected bell pepper near-isogenic lines; and c) to study the interactions between acute viruses, Cucumber mosaic virus Potato virus Y, Pepper yellow leaf curl virus, and Tobacco etch virus and Bell pepper endornavirus. It is likely that BPEV in bell pepper is in a mutualistic relationship with the plant and provide protection to unknown biotic or abiotic agents. Nevertheless, it is also possible that the endornavirus could interact synergistically with acute viruses and indirectly or directly cause harmful effects. In any case, the information that will be obtained with this investigation is relevant to BARD’s mission since it is related to the protection of plants against biotic stresses.
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Portz, Dennis N., Leah B. Riesselman, Crystal Seeley, Paul Beamer, and Gail R. Nonnecke. Effects of Leaf Removal on Fruit Quality of Wine Grapes Grown in Iowa. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-153.
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Portz, Dennis N., Leah B. Riesselman, Crystal Seeley, Paul Beamer, and Gail R. Nonnecke. Effects of Leaf Removal on Fruit Quality of Wine Grapes Grown in Iowa. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-456.
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Katan, Jaacov, James DeVay, Ezra Shabi, and Yacov Pinkas. Postplant Control of Soilborne Diseases of Fruit Tree Crops by Soil Solarization. United States Department of Agriculture, December 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7600055.bard.
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Schaffer, Arthur A., D. Mason Pharr, Joseph Burger, James D. Burton, and Eliezer Zamski. Aspects of Sugar Metabolism in Melon Fruit as Determinants of Fruit Quality. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568770.bard.
Full textAbstract:
The cucurbit family, including melon, translocates the galactosyl-sucrose oligosaccharides, raffinose and stachyose, in addition to sucrose, from the source leaves to the fruit sink. The metabolism of these photoassimilates in the fruit sink controls fruit growth and development, including the horticulturally important phenomenon of sucrose accumulation, which determines melon fruit sweetness. During this research project we have characterized the complete pathway of galactosyl sucrose metabolism in developing fruit, from before anthesis until maturity. We have also compared the metabolic pathway in scurose accumulating genotypes, as compared to non-accumulating genotypes. Furthermore, we studied the pathway in different fruit tissues, in response to pollination, and also analyzed the response of the individual steps of the pathway to perturbations such as low temperature and leaf removal. The results of our studies have led to the conclusion that generally galactosyl-sucrose metabolism functions as a coordinately controlled pathway. In one case, as an immediate response to the absence of pollination, the activity of a single enzyme, UDPglu pyrophosphorylase, was drastically reduced. However, during young fruit development, sucrose accumulation, and in response to perturbations of the system, groups of enzymes, rather than single enzymes, respond in a concerted manner. Our research has characterized in detail the initial enzymes of galactosyl-sucrose metabolism, including the galactosidases, galactokinase and the UDPgal- and UDPglu pyrophosphorylases. We have discovered a novel alkaline a-galactoside which hydrolyzes both stachyose and reaffinose and thereby may have solved the dilemma of cytosolic-sucrose metabolism, since prior to this research there was no known alkaline a-galactosidase capable of hydrolyzing raffinose.