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Journal articles on the topic 'Leadership during uncertainty'
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Nugroho, Iwan, Niken Paramita, Belay Tizazu Mengistie, and Oleksandr P. Krupskyi. "Higher education leadership and uncertainty during the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Socioeconomics and Development 4, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsed.v4i1.2274.
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The impact of the pandemic on higher education activities is a major concern around the world. Higher education is obliged to carry out the necessary measures of adaptation, innovation, and management change, which are promoted by leaders at various levels. The leadership is further committed to encouraging transformative changes to meet students’ most critical needs. Leadership is expected to be able to use all resources in the organization, even in limited conditions due to pandemic impacts. The crisis condition during pandemic become the main approach in implementing higher education leadership. First, the leader develops effective multi-directional communication to mediate and respond to actual needs and changes, especially involving parties impacted or affected by policy changes. Second, the leader develops a cooperation network to support mutually one another to form productivity. It is necessary to network with all interests to formulate the best solution to reduce the adverse impacts of the pandemic. Third, the leader develops empathy to encourage the work environment, increase productivity, and combine efforts to promote health on their personal and professional sides. Fourth, lecturers develop an own set of heuristics for managing their classes using technology as the main work in the new normal situation.JEL Classification A23; I00; I23
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Aujla, Sandeep. "Best Practices for Board Leadership During Times of Uncertainty and Instability." Board Leadership 2020, no. 167 (January 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bl.30151.
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Rayner, Stephen M. "Leaders and leadership in a climate of uncertainty." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 46, no. 5 (May 3, 2017): 749–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143217707522.
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The research reported in this article contributes new understanding of leadership in the context of change, by investigating how the views, values and professional practices of those in leadership roles were revealed, interplayed and changed during a period of turbulence in a school in England. The governors of the school proposed changing the school’s legal status from a local-authority school to an academy, which is an independent school funded by the State but governed and managed by an Academy Trust. In the current work on structural change affecting schools in England, there has been little real-time study of what it is like to be both a policy actor and a policy subject during a period of turbulence. In this article, which reports on events over a period of 18 months, I explore the actions and perceptions of three actors in leadership roles. I examine their engagement in local agenda-setting and decision-making, including its implications for their values, identity and professional practice. The research reported in this article illustrates that, however confidently structural change is announced and promoted by policy-makers, its enactment may be problematic and inconclusive.
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Jorge Correia de Sousa, Milton, and Dirk van Dierendonck. "Servant leadership and engagement in a merge process under high uncertainty." Journal of Organizational Change Management 27, no. 6 (October 7, 2014): 877–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-07-2013-0133.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to aim mainly at further understanding how servant leadership can affect engagement during a merger with high levels of uncertainty through the mediating role of organizational identification and psychological empowerment. In addition, the research aimed at validating the servant leadership survey (SLS) in a new culture and language. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 1,107 respondents from two merging Portuguese companies answered a survey. Structural equation modeling was used to further test the mediation model proposed. Findings – SLS proved to be valid and reliable in the Portuguese context and language. Servant leadership strongly affected work engagement in conditions of high uncertainty. Organizational identification and psychological empowerment acted as mediating variables. Research limitations/implications – Future research could include longitudinal studies, the effect of specific servant leadership dimensions and the distinction between servant leadership and other leadership models during a merger in conditions of high uncertainty. Practical implications – This study extends the applicability of the servant leadership model, and the corresponding SLS in a new national culture and as an effective leadership approach under conditions of high uncertainty, such as in a merge process. Social implications – Multinational corporations can see servant leadership as a valid model that can permeate the whole organizational culture, inducing greater performance and the well-being of the workforce for increased engagement. Given the increasing uncertainty and volatility of the work environment, servant leadership could be particularly useful in such contexts. Originality/value – This study benefits both leadership scholars and practitioners by providing evidence on the value of servant leadership in ensuring workforce engagement in conditions of high uncertainty, as in dynamic merger processes. The fact that the study was conducted right in the middle of the change process is rather unique. Moreover, servant leadership effectiveness is for the first time tested in Portugal, a country typically with a relatively strong power distance culture.
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Gadelshina, Gyuzel. "Shared leadership: Struggles over meaning in daily instances of uncertainty." Leadership 16, no. 5 (July 7, 2020): 522–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715020935748.
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Research presented in this article advances existing work on shared leadership and organizational sensemaking by an empirical demonstration of the organizing properties of leadership in daily instances of uncertainty. Drawing on conversation analysis combined with ethnographic data collected during 12-month fieldwork, this article spells out the conversational mechanisms and discursive practices used by leadership actors in the process of sensemaking directed towards organizationally relevant goals. Through a fine-grain analysis of an extended troubles-telling sequence in a particular meeting encounter, this study shows how conversation analysis–inspired research can be used to add a more nuanced understanding of a substantive area of social life, such as shared leadership which is achieved in interaction and which involves various leadership actors, regardless of their hierarchical positions and organizational roles.
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Strugar Jelača, Maja, Nikola Milićević, Radmila Bjekić, and Viktorija Petrov. "The Effects of Environment Uncertainty and Leadership Styles on Organisational Innovativeness." Engineering Economics 31, no. 4 (October 29, 2020): 472–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ee.31.4.20948.
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The paper aims to better understand the importance of a company’s external environment uncertainty level and the CEO’s leadership style for innovation. Different leadership styles were assessed in the context of a full range leadership theory, namely: transformational (Tfl), transactional (Tsl) and passive leadership (PL). Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Model was developed, tested and validated to explain the effect of environment uncertainty and leadership style on organisational innovativeness. The hypotheses were tested using responses of managers from 159 medium and large organisations in the Republic of Serbia during 2017. The results suggest that there is a statistically significant relationship between environment uncertainty and organisational innovativeness, while transformational leadership was described as important leadership style that cannot be ignored if organisation wants to improve organisational innovativeness. Influence of transactional leadership was not statistically significant, while passive leadership style was found to have the negative influence on organisational innovativeness. Based on the results of the study, practical implication of creating a more supportive workplace for all types of innovation is emphasised. Encouraging managers to predominantly use proactive leadership, i.e. transformational style, facilitates significant innovative capacity. The effective use of leadership style and its innovativeness in South-eastern European countries is vastly unexplored. Thus, the results of the research fill the literature gap between Western leadership theory and South-eastern European context.
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Burkett, Jerry, and Sonya Hayes. "Campus Administrators’ Responses to Donald Trump’s Immigration Policy: Leadership During Times of Uncertainty." International Journal of Educational Leadership and Management 6, no. 2 (July 16, 2018): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/ijelm.2018.3602.
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Post, Corinne, Ioana M. Latu, and Liuba Y. Belkin. "A Female Leadership Trust Advantage in Times of Crisis: Under What Conditions?" Psychology of Women Quarterly 43, no. 2 (February 27, 2019): 215–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361684319828292.
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We examined differences in trust for men and women leaders who adopt relational behaviors during an organizational crisis. We addressed two important shortcomings of previous research. First, we independently manipulated leader gender and leader relational behaviors (interpersonal emotion management) to identify their separate and interacting influences on trust outcomes, which may lead to a leadership advantage for women. Second, we examined how uncertainty about crisis outcomes affects the strength of this advantage. We operationalized trust as both evaluative and behavioral (investment in a company led by the leader). We found support from two experiments with women and men ( N = 412 and N = 400) for the idea of a female leadership trust advantage in times of crisis. And we showed that the advantage is uniquely attributable to female leaders’ use of relational behaviors and is manifested only when crisis consequences are known. We observed these effects for both evaluative trust (Studies 1 and 2) and behavioral trust (Study 2). We invite more research on the conditions that contribute to the female leadership advantage, the gendered nature of leadership behaviors during organizational crises, and the relational leadership qualities that help restore trust in organizations during uncertain times. Additional online materials for this article are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/0361684319828292
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Simkin, Lyndon, and Sally Dibb. "Leadership teams rediscover market analysis in seeking competitive advantage and growth during economic uncertainty." Journal of Strategic Marketing 20, no. 1 (February 2012): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0965254x.2011.628406.
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Incze, Taylor, Sonia Pinkney, Mark Fan, and Patricia Trbovich. "Assessing Surgical Teamwork Competencies During Moments of Uncertainty Using OR Black Box." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 10, no. 1 (June 2021): 267–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857921101246.
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Teamwork is an essential aspect to maintaining high-quality healthcare. This is especially true during times of uncertainty, when collaborative problem solving is necessary for clinical teams to adapt and deliver safe and effective care. We conducted a prospective observational study using audio/visual analysis captured by OR Black Box. Human factors experts transcribed and coded the videos using an evidence-based teamwork framework, specific to healthcare. We identified teamwork competencies that were either present or absent during moments of uncertainty in the operating room. Four main team roles (nurses, anesthesiologists, surgeons and trainees) were studied. We identified 3539 instances of teamwork, during 180 hours of surgical observation, and categorized them into 7 competencies. Team leadership was expressed significantly more often by surgeons compared to other team members whereas backup behaviour was expressed significantly more by nurses. Understanding how each team role uniquely contributes to teamwork can help develop specific and actionable teamwork interventions, which could ultimately lead to increased safety in the OR.
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Brochu, Kelly J., Amanda J. Jensen, Regina M. M. Robinson, Trina R. Bryant, Danielle R. Desjardins, and Lauren Bent. "Redefining Roles: Female Scholars' Reflections and Recommendations for Coping During the COVID-19 Pandemic." Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice 6, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ie.2021.170.
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The objective of this article is to amplify the stories of female doctoral students and their passage through role conflicting periods of uncertainty and trauma. Specifically, this article highlights how the COVID-19 pandemic and racial unrest in the U.S. have impacted women pursuing doctorates in education. In addition to sharing personal reflections and experiences, the authors have outlined resources and recommendations for those who support doctoral students. Through the diverse perspectives of five students and one faculty member in the EdD in Higher Education Leadership program at Regis College, this article explores the lived experiences of second-year doctoral students during an incredible period of uncertainty. Douglas T. Hall’s model of coping serves to frame content around the many conflicting roles these students have been navigating and found to be exacerbated during the year 2020. This article seeks to empower leaders to re-envision approaches to support doctoral students through future crises and periods of uncertainty.
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Mofuoa, Khali. "Prospering in the southern Africa’s VUCA world of the nineteenth century." Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy 10, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 164–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jec-09-2014-0019.
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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the notion of resilience in the context of the Basotho of Lesotho who managed prospering as a nation in the era of uncertainty during the “VUCA” world of the nineteenth-century southern Africa. Design/methodology/approach Using historical data from leadership and organizational behaviour perspectives, the theoretical context of the paper is established to inform discussion on the resilience of the Basotho during the “VUCA” world of the nineteenth-century southern Africa. Findings The paper has established that the notion of resilience was synonymous to Basotho’s way of life and livelihood during the “VUCA” world of the nineteenth-century southern Africa. The paper has also established that resilience became the key quality of Basotho as they continued prospering as a nation in the era of uncertainty during the “VUCA” world of the nineteenth-century southern Africa. Originality/value From both leadership and organizational behaviour perspectives, the paper uses mainly historical data that are considered to be most relevant, valid and reliable to inform discussions on the notion of resilience as it relates to the Basotho as a nation during the “VUCA” world of the nineteenth-century southern Africa.
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Namkoong, Jae-Eun, and Marlone D. Henderson. "Responding to Causal Uncertainty Through Abstract Thinking." Current Directions in Psychological Science 28, no. 6 (August 12, 2019): 547–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0963721419859346.
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The need to understand causality is a powerful motivator. As a result, causal uncertainty, or the sense of not knowing why something happened, can lead to negative psychological consequences and thus activate cognitive processes that can help reduce causal uncertainty. Here, we review the literature that focuses on the relationship between causal uncertainty and abstract thinking. Research shows that causal uncertainty spontaneously motivates people to think more abstractly. This cognitive process has important implications in other domains, such as communication and leadership. For example, when individuals tune in to others on social media during times of causal uncertainty, they prefer more abstract messages, especially when those messages come from socially prominent sources (e.g., leaders). Furthermore, research shows that abstract thinking reduces causal uncertainty by simplifying how causal relationships are cognitively represented. We discuss how these findings relate to previous research and propose directions for future research on the basis of remaining questions.
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Kim, Jeong Sik, Shin Ae Kang, and Hyun Jung Park. "Impact of CEO Leadership Styles on Firm Performance during Environmental Uncertainty: A Study of Privately Owned Korean Companies." Research Journal of Business Management 8, no. 1 (December 15, 2013): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjbm.2014.43.56.
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Ajoi, Tracy Adeline, Shirley Sinatra Gran, Agnes Kanyan, and Siti Farah Lajim. "An Enhanced Systematic Student Performance Evaluation Based on Fuzzy Logic Approach for Selection of Best Student Award." Asian Journal of University Education 16, no. 4 (January 24, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i4.11932.
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The Best Student Award is one of the incentives initiated by an institution to identify potential students who are not only excellent academically, but also possess great leadership skills. Moreover, these skills may also be enhanced which subsequently contribute to the future of society. Nonetheless, one of the greatest challenges faced by evaluators in the selection process include uncertainty and imprecise data in measuring the students’ leadership competencies. Thus, this paper proposes the development of Initiative-Systematic Performance Evaluation (I-SPE) as an initiative tool to measure students’ competencies based on Fuzzy Logic Approach. The study focuses on the selection of the best student based on data collected from a leadership programme – Program Kepimpinan Pewaris Bangsa (PKPB) conducted at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Sarawak, Mukah Campus. In the current practice, tie and time-consuming challenges due to the subjectivity and complexity of measurement criteria are involved. Therefore, I-SPE will assist to provide an improved decision-making solution to evaluators during the evaluation process. Fuzzy logic tools used to develop I-SPE allow the experts to introduce any uncertainty and subjectivity into the evaluation system. The development of fuzzy rules in this model is based on five selected attributes, which include leadership, communication, teamwork, discipline and CGPA. Results obtained indicate that the proposed model I-SPE is able to improve decision-making efficiency that would lead to fairness in selecting the best candidate as compared to the conventional method.
Keywords: Evaluation, Fuzzy logic, Initiative, Leadership, Student’s Award
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Nelson, Heather, Natasha Hubbard Murdoch, and Kasandra Norman. "The Role of Uncertainty in the Experiences of Nurses During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Study." Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 53, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 124–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0844562121992202.
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Background The novel coronavirus (Covid-19) has spread quickly to all corners of the globe and caused high rates of morbidity and mortality. Nurses have been at the centre of this experience managing the outbreak through direct bedside care, managing hospital units, providing Covid-19 testing, and contact tracing. Purpose The aim of this article is to examine the role that nurses played in the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic through the voices of the participants. Methods Using a phenomenological methodology thirty-one interviews were completed via phone and thematic analysis was completed. Results The major themes that emerged from this phenomenological study were: emotional challenges, uncertainty, and protective factors. Emotional challenges included, stress, anxiety, exhaustion, frustration, guilt, and loneliness. These challenges were magnified by uncertainty through leadership and communication challenges, needs of the pandemic versus needs of the patient, and Covid-19 and best practice. In this study, emotional challenges were mitigated by the protective factors of: education, ability to contribute, team cohesiveness, and community support. Conclusions Nurses are challenged during this time but by limiting uncertainty and providing protective factors, nurses can be less affected by emotional challenges and able to provide nursing care and manage the outbreak effectively.
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Syrek, Christine J., and Conny H. Antoni. "Psychological Contract Fulfillment and Employee Responses to Pay System Change." Journal of Personnel Psychology 16, no. 4 (October 2017): 172–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000186.
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Abstract. The implementation of a new pay system is a balancing act that produces uncertainty and draws employees’ attention to the fulfillment of exchange agreements. Transformational leadership may be essential during these change processes. Based on psychological contract theory, we expected that transformational leadership impacts job satisfaction and affective organizational commitment through the fulfillment of relational psychological contracts, while the fulfillment of transactional psychological contracts may be crucial for employees’ pay and bonus satisfaction. We assessed 143 employees nested within 34 teams before and after (24 months) a pay for performance (pfp) system was introduced. Our results supported the mediation hypotheses considering job and pay satisfaction, but not considering commitment. Unexpectedly, the effect on bonus satisfaction was mediated via relational psychological contracts.
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Islam, M. Nazmul, Aida Idris, and Fumitaka Furuoka. "Dynamic Forces of Amplifying Employee Change Supportive Behavior." International Journal of Asian Business and Information Management 12, no. 3 (July 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabim.20210701.oa27.
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Managing organizational change is one of the difficult tasks for every organization. Researchers and practitioners around the world indicated that due to the uncertainty and complexity associated with organizational change, an employee feels fear and cynicism to involve in the organizational change process which causes failure in the majority of the organizational change initiatives. Contemporary literature highlighted the effectiveness of employee championing behavior for managing organizational change successfully. Therefore, this study collected data from 379 employees working in Bangladesh’s banking sector to explore the different dynamics forces such as transformational leadership, trust in leadership, organizational alignment and work engagement to enhance employee championing behavior in the context of organizational change. The outcome of this study shows that all dynamic forces significantly affected the employee championing behavior during organizational change.
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O’Connor, PhD, Eileen, Tracey O’Sullivan, PhD, Carol Amaratunga, PhD, Patricia Thille BSc (PT), PhD (Student), Karen P. Phillips, PhD, Michelle Carter, MSc, and Louise Lemyre, PhD, FRSC. "Risk communication with nurses during infectious disease outbreaks: Learning from SARS." Journal of Emergency Management 7, no. 5 (September 1, 2009): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5055/jem.2009.0021.
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Objective: To identify gaps in risk communication during public health emergencies as identified by nurses who worked in critical and emergency care hospital units during the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak in Canada.Design: This research is part of a larger multimethod study of the psychosocial impacts of the SARS outbreak in Canada for healthcare workers. For this qualitative analysis of risk communication, focus groups were conducted in four Canadian cities using purposive sampling to study perspectives of frontline critical care and emergency department nurses. Covello’s (2003) model of best practices in risk communication is applied to assess specific areas in which risk communication gaps were identified by nurses interviewed in the focus groups.Setting: Five focus groups held in four Canadian cities: Halifax, Ottawa, Toronto, Vancouver.Participant/Data: n _ 100 participated in focus groups in four urban communities.Results: During the SARS outbreak in 2003, high levels of uncertainty, lack of trust, and questions about leadership credibility emerged as important risk communication challenges. Communication problems were compounded by a lack of reliable information, frequent changes in infection control guidelines and risk avoidance messages, as well as contradictory actions of management and senior leaders.Conclusions: Risk communication constitutes an important component of any emergency protocol. This study of nurses working in emergency and critical care hospital settings during the 2003 SARS outbreak indicates key areas in which risk communication could be more efficient to address nurses’ concerns related to managing uncertainty, occupational health and safety, and employee quality of life. Recommendations useful for planning of any pandemics including H1N1 are derived.
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Stevenson, Eleanor L., Kevin R. McEleny, Eilis Moody, and Donald E. Bailey. "Applying the Adaptive Leadership Framework for Chronic Illness to understand how American and British men navigate the infertility process." Health Psychology Open 6, no. 2 (July 2019): 205510291987164. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2055102919871647.
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In this article, we sought to understand the adaptive challenges and work faced by men with male factor infertility. Using a prospective qualitative study in private (the United States) and academic (the United Kingdom) urology clinics, we recruited seven American and five British men with primary infertility after their urology consultation for male factor infertility between December 2015 and April 2017. Individual in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted shortly after male factor infertility urology consultation and then two additional interviews at about 3 and 6 months. We found three themes related to adaptive challenges faced during fertility treatment: avoidance (not disclosing, avoided social network), uncertainty (about ability to have a child, fertility-related information, and male factor infertility status), and affective symptoms (sadness, shock, disbelief, denial, about not achieving fatherhood, and poor outcomes). Four themes about adaptive work included focusing on goal (having clear, actionable steps; knowledge received from urologist; exhausted all options; focus on parenthood), support from partner (relationship and communication), support from health care team (provision of emotional support, increased comfort with staff over time, disclosure of knowing others with same condition), and acquired information (understanding issue, support from urologist, seeking information). We concluded that men with male factor infertility face adaptive challenges including avoidance, uncertainty, and affective symptoms. To manage during the treatment process, they use adaptive work including focusing on the goal, receiving support from their partner and health care team, and acquiring information. Although qualitative results cannot be generalized to larger populations, they might be applicable to men with male factor infertility during infertility treatment.
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Bandini, Julia, Julia Rollison, Katie Feistel, Laura Whitaker, Armenda Bialas, and Jason Etchegaray. "Home Care Aide Safety Concerns and Job Challenges During the COVID-19 Pandemic." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 31, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291120987845.
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Home care aides are on the frontlines providing care to vulnerable individuals in their homes during the COVID-19 pandemic yet are often excluded from policies to protect health care workers. The goal of this study was to examine experiences of agency-employed home care aides during the COVID-19 pandemic and to identify ways to mitigate concerns. We used an innovative journaling approach with thirty-seven aides as well as in-depth interviews with fifteen aides and leadership representatives from nine home health agencies in New York and Michigan. Workers described a range of concerns around workplace safety including uncertainty around whether a client had COVID-19, inadequate access to personal protective equipment and safe transportation, as well as fundamental changes to interactions with clients. Agencies also faced challenges acquiring personal protective equipment for their aides. This research points to needed resources to support home care aides and home health agencies both during a public health crisis and in the future.
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Frazier, Lisa A., Eric Seiber, Kristin J. Harlow, Selasi Attipoe, Brian O'Rourke, and Ohio COVID-19 Survey Team. "The Ohio COVID-19 Survey: Preliminary Findings and Their Use During the Pandemic." Ohio Journal of Public Health 4, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18061/ojph.v4i1.8067.
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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has created exceptional health and economic uncertainty for Ohioans in 2020. In the spring of 2020, the state commissioned the Ohio COVID-19 Survey (OCS) to ask residential Ohio adults about how the pandemic was affecting them. The purpose of this research is to provide state leadership with real-time information about the effects of the pandemic and concurrent recession on Ohio households.Methods: The OCS is a special supplement to the Ohio Medicaid Assessment Survey (OMAS), a stratified random digit dial, cell phone and landline telephone survey. This study includes data collected weekly between April 20, 2020, and August 24, 2020. We conducted descriptive time-series analysis of the survey data and provided updates to the state's COVID-19 Response Team throughout the survey period.Results: Preliminary findings from the OCS reflect 3 themes among respondents: 1) elevated levels of concern over health and household economics; 2) disproportionate effects that exacerbate existing inequities; and 3) majority adjustment to "new normal" and acceptance of public health guidelines .Conclusion: Preliminary findings indicate that groups that were struggling before the pandemic have faced the biggest challenges with regard to health and household economics since it began. Data from the OCS enabled us to provide real-time analysis to state leadership regarding Ohioans' experience during the first 6 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Further analysis and integration of additional data will allow us to provide deeper insights as Ohio seeks to move into recovery.
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Sandler, Catherine. "The psychological role of the leader in turbulent times." Strategic HR Review 8, no. 3 (April 17, 2009): 30–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14754390910946558.
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PurposeThis paper aims to deliver a psychological perspective on the theme of leading in turbulent times.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on 20 years' experience of consulting, coaching and teaching in the field of leadership development, the author outlines the dynamics that businesses face during an economic crisis. Based on her extensive observation of workplace behavior, the author describes the psychological and emotional role that leaders need to play if they are to optimize morale and productivity during turbulent times. The author's ideas have been developed as a result of coaching numerous leaders and top teams at board and director level in FTSE 100 and 250 companies and top professional services firms, as well as SMEs and not‐for‐profit organizations. Her private sector clients come from every area, including investment banking, oil and gas, IT, property, retail, law, accountancy and venture capital. Many of these organizations operate in highly competitive markets where managing uncertainty and change is the norm. However, the economic downturn has presented additional challenges, especially to those at the sharp end of the credit crunch and the collapse in consumer confidence.FindingsIt is concluded that four leadership behaviors are critical in times of crisis. Taken together, they enable leaders to support their workforce effectively during turbulent times, so maximizing morale and performance. The paper also highlights the role of HR and specific ways in which seasoned HR professionals can help leaders manage their own emotions and demonstrate these four behaviors.Originality/valueThis article reflects the author's original, practice‐based observations about organizational dynamics and leadership behavior during challenging times.
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Yusupova, A., and S. Khalimova. "Characteristics, Features of Development, Regional and Sectoral Determinants of High-tech Business in Russia." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2017): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2017-12-142-154.
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The paper deals with the research devoted to characteristics of high tech business development in Russia. Companies’ performance indicators have been analyzed with the help of regression analysis and author’s scheme of leadership stability and sustainability assessment. Data provided by Russia’s Fast Growing High-Tech Companies’ National Rating (TechUp) during 2012-2016 were used. The results have revealed that the high tech sector is characterized by high level of uncertainty. Limited number of regions and sectors which form the basis for high tech business have been defined. Relationship between innovation activity’s indicators and export potential is determined.
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Lehrner, Stefan. "Visegrad countries and COVID-19: is the coronavirus pandemic a VUCA phenomenon?" Przegląd Europejski, no. 1-2021 (July 14, 2021): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.1.21.6.
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This article will examine whether the Visegrad Group countries (V4) are moving closer together or further apart in this COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve that, the respective COVID-19 measures taken by governments in March and April 2020 in the V4 countries will be analysed using the VUCA model. VUCA is an acronym, and it includes four English terms: volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity. Using the VUCA model, a Framework of VUCA Factors has been created in this article, which can be used as a basic model to further identify innovative leadership strategies during pandemic situations.
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Sonnenberg, Lyn Kathryn, Lesley Pritchard-Wiart, and Jamiu Busari. "The resident physician as leader within the healthcare team." Leadership in Health Services 31, no. 2 (May 8, 2018): 167–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-08-2017-0046.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore inter-professional clinicians’ perspectives on resident leadership in the context of inter-professional teams and to identify a definition for leadership in the clinical context. In 2015, CanMEDS changed the title of one of the core competencies from manager to leader. The shift in language was perceived by some as returning to traditional hierarchical and physician-dominant structures. The resulting uncertainty has resulted in a call to action to not only determine what physician leadership is but to also determine how to teach and assess it. Design/methodology/approach Focus groups and follow-up individual interviews were conducted with 23 inter-professional clinicians from three pediatric clinical service teams at a large, Canadian tertiary-level rehabilitation hospital. Qualitative thematic analysis was used to inductively analyze the data. Findings Data analysis resulted in one overarching theme: leadership is collaborative – and three related subthemes: leadership is shared; leadership is summative; and conceptualizations of leadership are shifting. Research limitations/implications Not all members of the three inter-professional teams were able to attend the focus group sessions because of scheduling conflicts. Participation of additional clinicians could have, therefore, affected the results of this study. The study was conducted locally at a single rehabilitation hospital, among Canadian pediatric clinicians, which highlights the need to explore conceptualization of leadership across different contexts. Practical implications There is an evident need to prepare physicians to be leaders in both their daily clinical and academic practices. Therefore, more concerted efforts are required to develop leadership skills among residents. The authors postulate that continued integration of various inter-professional disciplines during the early phases of training is essential to foster collaborative leadership and trust. Originality/value The results of this study suggest that inter-professional clinicians view clinical leadership as collaborative and fluid and determined by the fit between tasks and team member expertise. Mentorship is important for increasing the ability of resident physicians to develop collaborative leadership roles within teams. The authors propose a collaborative definition of clinical leadership based on the results of this study: a shared responsibility that involves facilitation of dialog; the integration of perspectives and expertise; and collaborative planning for the purpose of exceptional patient care.
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Zvavahera, Promise. "Strengthening institutions of higher education through disruptive leadership." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 11 (June 14, 2021): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2021-11-1-181-191.
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The intensifying COVID-19 calamity has caused massive pressure on institutions of higher learning across the globe. Most institutions of higher education closed down in order to protect students and staff from the deadly pandemic. However, it is important to understand that combined efforts by key stakeholders could inform future perspectives on higher education cognisant of the new normal. In view of these developments, this study sought to evaluate how positive disruptive leadership can have an important role in strengthening the higher education system in the face of COVID-19. The study used a case study approach applying a qualitative research design. Purposive sampling was used to select respondents from a private university operating in Zimbabwe. Virtual interviews were used to gather data from the University Board, University Executive, teaching staff and students, referred to as key stakeholders in this study. To overcome the challenges related to the unintended shift from face-to-face to online learning, disruptive approach to issues by these stakeholders has created a resilient institution that can survive during times of uncertainty where drastic changes are necessary as a result of external forces. The study noted that the key stakeholders exhibited positive disruptive leadership roles in their unique ways. The key challenges cited include limited accessibility to internet and lack of affordability in terms of data bundles and other ICT affordances to allow effective learning to take place. The study adds to knowledge different leadership roles played by the University Board, University Executive, academic staff and students to build a resilient and innovative institution in the face of COVID-19.
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Mcisaac, J. "(P1-24) Future Weapons of Mass Destruction: Preparing For Emerging Threats." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 26, S1 (May 2011): s106—s107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x11003566.
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IntroductionCivilian Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) training involves preparing for threats well-known to the military since World War II. Present and future developments in Chemical-Biological (CB) research have resulted in new potential agents, modes of action, and methods of delivery. Chemical-Biological defense training should include these new agents and anticipate contact with previously unknown ones. The natural response to an unknown threat is fear and panic, out of proportion to the actual threat. Specific training in management of new pathogens and toxidromes should be incorporated into existing preparedness regimes. Leadership skills that address uncertainty and inspire constructive responses will increase resiliency.MethodsLiterature ReviewResultsRecent and Future CB Agents: (1) 4th Generation AchE inhibitors: Novichoks, Substance 33, etc.; (2) Genetically enhanced bacteria and engineered chimeric diseases; (3) Modified viral diseases: Variola, Influenza, filoviruses, flaviviruses, arenaviruses; (4) Bacteriophage induced diseases; (5) Agents targeting specific racial or genetic groups; (6) Mid-spectrum agents; (6) Bioregulators: Substance P, vasopressin, enkephalin, etc.; (7) Novel toxins: tetrodotoxin, SEB, saxitoxin, etc.; (8) Hallucinogens and incapacitants (LSD, DMT, carfentanyl, cis-fluoro-ohmefentanyl); (9) Prions and infectious nucleic acids Delivery: (1) New delivery methods: micro- and nano-robots modeled on insects (MEMS systems), microencapsulation; (2) Directed Energy Weapons Mitigation: (1) Development of systems for identifying and dealing with unknown agents and symptoms; (2) Hazard Identification, Risk Estimation, Risk Reduction Strategies, Residual Risk Evaluation and Monitoring, Mitigation and Recovery Leadership skills needed during uncertainty: Sense making, Visioning, Relating, Inventing.ConclusionsPreparing for events without training for new and novel CB agents leaves us unprepared. Incorporating modern science with leadership skills will lessen the impact of future CB release and improve organizational resiliency. The main mistake people make is that they fear current problems more than future ones. Carl von Clausewitz Chance favors the prepared mind. Louis Pasteur.
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Žikić, Srđan, and Milena Valjević. "Organizational culture as an important factor of enterprise crisis management in the conditions of the Covid-19 pandemic." Drustveni horizonti 1, no. 1 (2021): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/druhor2101059q.
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The COVID-19 pandemic undoubtedly has serious socio-economic effects. The whole world is going through a unprecedented crisis with all the characteristics of unpredictability and difficult prevention. Today, there is practically no organization that has not been affected by this crisis. During a period of great uncertainty, it is very important that organizations properly understand the impact of this threat on internal and external stakeholders. Only companies that are able to manage the crisis effectively with an adequate organizational culture and leadership can maintain a competitive advantage. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop and support an ethically oriented organizational culture that will strongly support ethical standards. The proactivity and ethical approach of this type of organizational culture contributes to mitigating the negative effects of the crisis and provides adequate support to employees. Based on the above facts, the basic motive of the research was to determine the extent to which an ethically oriented organizational culture is supported in the company during a period of severe business crisis and uncertainty. The research is based on the answers collected by a standardized and structured survey questionnaire on a sample of 100 respondents.
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Bundtzen, Henning, and Gerriet Hinrichs. "The Link Between Organizational Agility And VUCA – An Agile Assessment Model." SocioEconomic Challenges 5, no. 1 (2021): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/sec.5(1).35-43.2021.
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This paper summarizes the elements of agility listed in contemporary scientific literature and aligns them to the four different forces described by the acronym VUCA. There is a general consensus that organizational resilience and agility are crucial elements to gain sustainable competitive advantage especially since the arresting economic changes during the pandemic year 2020. There is little agreement though how precisely organizational agility responds to volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity (VUCA). By systemization of frameworks and models from the literary sources the aim is to create a combined model. Consequently, the purpose of this paper is to develop a model that can practically be employed to evaluate the agile status quo of an organization. It should support practitioners to distinguish between the different requirements each part of the VUCA acronym requires. The design of this study is a conceptual paper which proposes a new corporate agility model with direct linkages to the requirements of VUCA forces. It derives from, and builds on, existing scientific literature while integrating a comprehensive set of existing agile frameworks. The result of this research is a model which defines distinct enablers, sensing capabilities, agile practices, and responses as answers to VUCA forces. It highlights that certain elements reinforce and link to each other to transform an entire organization agile. Surprisingly, leadership and strategy are not incorporated as elements but rather seen as conditions that subordinate the iterative learning approach of this model. Originality is given as the created model provides a set of elements leaders can implement or use to assess organizational agility. Furthermore, it supports how to deal with strategy and leadership in the transitional process. Relevance is given as during the worlds COVID-19 crises the economic and governments changes in terms of volatility and uncertainty were especially challenging for organizations.
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Hopper, Trevor. "Swimming in a sea of uncertainty – business, governance and the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 16, no. 4 (September 23, 2020): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-07-2020-0091.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine accounting-related issues that have emerged during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Design/methodology/approach The discussion is based on personal experience and observation of events and media reports in the UK, the USA and New Zealand. Findings Many problems that have emerged have varied owing to differences in the national governance of each country regarding the emphasis their governments and businesses have placed on short-run financialisation policies; the comprehensiveness of their information and control systems; their leadership and whether their discourse accords with events and expert advice; their degree of accountability and concern for public wellness; and the need to consider new taxation policies to meet the costs of the pandemic. Research limitations/implications This paper is based on personal observations owing to the restrictions on research access during the pandemic, and thus it reflects the author’s political opinions and beliefs. Practical implications This paper outlines areas where accounting could and has addressed the issues examined and recommends greater adoption globally of policies and systems designed to meet the United Nation’s sustainable development goals. Social implications The social implications are vast for they extend to major issues concerning preserving the planet, its species, humankind and enhanced democratic processes for civil society and developing countries. Originality/value A comparative analysis and evaluation of nations' control of of the coronavirus (COVID_19) pandemic. This lies in the eyes of the beholder.
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Petrov, Nikolay, and Michael Rochlitz. "Control Over the Security Services in Periods of Political Uncertainty: A Comparative Study of Russia and China." Russian Politics 4, no. 4 (November 18, 2019): 546–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2451-8921-00404006.
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Control over the security services is a key ingredient of political survival in authoritarian regimes. This is particularly true during periods of leadership succession and high political uncertainty. In this paper, we compare the strategy used by Vladimir Putin towards the siloviki – the Russian security services – with that employed by Xi Jinping towards the Chinese security services. We find that in both countries, the security services have been significantly strengthened in recent years, while at the same time extensive anti-corruption campaigns have been used to eliminate key officials within the security structures. We argue that both developments can be seen as elements of a strategy to increase control over the public, while eliminating potential competition from regime insiders, in view of a deteriorating economic situation, and the constitutional (or quasi-constitutional) term limits faced by Vladimir Putin and Xi Jinping in 2024 and 2022, respectively.
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Pontoh, Bernadette E., Henny N. Tambingon, Jeffry S. J. Lengkong, and Viktory Nicodemus Joufree Rotty. "Implementation of School Principal Entrepreneurship Leadership in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era at Karitas Catholic High School in Tomohon City." Asia Pacific Journal of Management and Education 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2021): 60–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.32535/apjme.v4i1.1050.
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The purpose of this study is to describe the implementation of entrepreneurial leadership during the Covid-19 pandemic at Karitas Catholic High School in Tomohon City, the supporting and inhibiting factors as well as the solutions for handling them. This research used a descriptive qualitative approach. The research subjects were five people consisting of a school principal and four vice principals. The data were collected from interviews, observation, and documentation studies. The data were analyzed by an interactive model. The findings indicate that entrepreneurial leadership was implemented through the principal role as an explorer, a miner, an accelerator, and an integrator. The supporting factors are teachers’ IT skills, government allowances, parents’ support and proactivity, online learning facilities, and entrepreneurial instincts of teachers and students. The inhibiting factors are the late payment of tuition fees, the uncertainty of parents' income, the late disbursement of the government's school operational assistance (BOS) funds and the foundation's compulsory funds, the complexity of the foundation's centralized system, and the lack of online learning facilities. The efforts to overcome the inhibiting factors are coordination with parents, overcoming arrears, recording the number of students without online learning facilities, and conducting offline learning for them. The results suggest continuing to implement entrepreneurial leadership more openly and creatively, increase the supporting factors, and minimize the inhibiting factors with various efforts.
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Nissim, Yonit, and Eitan Simon. "Agility in Teacher Training: Distance Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic." International Education Studies 13, no. 12 (November 23, 2020): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n12p11.
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The outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic forced the world to respond in new and unconventional ways. Quick thinking and unusual flexibility were required whilst operating under conditions of uncertainty and fear. This article deals with agility in the implementation of distance learning during the Covid-19 pandemic as it occurred at Ohalo College of Education with the outbreak of the epidemic in Israel in March 2020.
Within 48 hours from the moment that Israel’s government announced a nation-wide lockdown, the College shifted from frontal teaching and learning to social distancing and distance teaching. The College adopted agile leadership that led to moving 700 courses to distance learning and teaching, with 150 lecturers and 1,500 students in their homes; the semester continued, but differently, in light of the lockdown and limitations ordered by the government. It is clear that such swift organization, executed with maximum flexibility, did not benefit from proper planning and was far perfect. This article offers a look at academic agility as demonstrated during the transition of a college of education to distance learning under emergency conditions. It will be examined through an analysis of survey responses from students. The goal of the survey was to assess students’ attitudes toward the implementation of this strategy.
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Kondapalli, Srikanth. "United States - China Relations: Prospects during Xi - Biden Tenure." Vestnik RUDN. International Relations 21, no. 2 (December 15, 2021): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0660-2021-21-2-279-287.
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Bilateral relations between China and the United States have become strategic in nature with implications to the rest of the world. Both have been engaging and competing on a number of issues in the recent times. While both seek security and stability so as to pursue their respective national interests, they differ on the way they pursue these. While engagement has been the dominant theme in the previous administrations, since late Trump, bilateral relations exhibited tensions on a number of issues including what China considered to be its core interests. Chinas agenda of keeping a low profile has been changed to accomplish something and it intends to occupy the centre stage in the long-term. The election of Joseph Biden as the President of the US coincided with the ongoing reassessments on the bilateral relations as well as coming to the fore of tensions on a number of fronts with China. The spread of COVID-19 pandemic, decline in global growth rates, disruptions in supply chains, and the growing uncertainty have only further exacerbated the US - China relations. Below is a review of the bilateral relations in the recent times by eliciting cooperative and competitive trends between China and the US. It is argued that the US - China relations are undergoing major shifts due to the tensions even as both are for ushering in strategic stability. Chinas perceptions at the leadership level, media and academic levels are outlined in brief to suggest that relations with the US are exhibiting tensions on a number of issues that pose challenges and opportunities for other countries.
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Palmer, Michael J. E. "Civil Adoption in Contemporary Chinese Law: A Contract to Care." Modern Asian Studies 23, no. 2 (May 1989): 373–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00001104.
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An outstanding feature of the far-reaching plans for development which China has been earnestly promoting under the general rubric of the ‘four modernizations’ is the post-Mao leadership's determined effort to revive and thoroughly institutionalize a meaningful and formal legal system. There is an obvious and sharp distinction between the policies towards law pursued during the period between the mid-1950s and the mid-1970s and the more recent attempts to fashion a pivotal role for law in Chinese society. Throughout much of the course of socialist rule China's leaders have been concerned not with promoting effective legal institutions but, rather, with the direct insertion of extrinsic political norms and values into the law. During the Cultural Revolution many important legal structures ceased to function. In contrast, in the years since 1978 an important aspect of the rigorous political reaction to the uncertainty and conflict of the Cultural Revolution has been unequivocal support for the establishment of a sound legal system. The leadership now believes that systematic and regulated law-making, public awareness of the law, and proper application of the rules should be integral elements in the administration of justice in the PRC. The hope is that this approach will prevent the recurrence of arbitrary political rule, curb reliance on ‘connections’ or guanxi in bureaucratic conduct, promote economic growth and generally encourage the development of a more predictable and orderly social life.
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Zvarych, Roman, and Tetyana Tysh. "Crisis management and leadership in a coronary crisis." Herald of Ternopil National Economic University, no. 2(96) (July 10, 2020): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/visnyk2020.02.135.
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Introduction. Crisis phenomena are an integral part of the development of any system in the world. Today; almost all countries suffer from crises; as it goes beyond the organizational activities and impacts the whole society. Crisis approaches are required to be implemented to administration at all levels. High competence of managers in such conditions; on the one hand; influences the development of individual crisis processes; and on the other - requires high quality management. Crisis management is able to prevent or mitigate crisis situations in production and economic activities; as well as to maintain the operation of the enterprise in the mode of survival during the unfavourable period and overcome it with minimal losses. The effectiveness of anti-crisis activities in the organization depends on the validity; completeness and timeliness of needed measures. Leadership is inherent in any field of human activity; but business environment is one of the spheres where role of leader is crucial. The efficiency of the enterprise is largely determined by the level of general development and competence of its top-management. Methods. The methodological basis of the study is a set of fundamental provisions of crisis theory; organizational theory; as well as modern concepts of crisis management and leadership. The solution of the set tasks was carried out by using a set of general scientific research methods: analysis of scientific literature; method of analogy and comparison; theoretical synthesis; classification; methodological generalization; economic and statistical analysis; expert assessments and scientific abstraction. The purpose of research is to analyze the economy of Ukraine in the context of the coronacrisis and to develop anti-crisis leadership measures for the development of domestic business. Results. The research proved that choosing correct crisis management strategy and its timely implementation can bring an organization out of the crisis and ensure its future functioning and prosperity. In research established that coronacrisis overcoming measures and its negative impact should include innovations in combination with proven methods of previous crises. The research proposes a set of measures for developing an effective crisis management strategy. The practices of management behavior models used by foreign companies in the conditions of coronacrisis are discovered and recommendations aimed at improving existing domestic models are provided. Prospects. The results of the research discover possibilities to develop leadership anti-crisis measures that will be effective in the future in conditions of uncertainty. The prospect of further research is to apply anti-crisis leadership measures for the development of domestic business in conditions of coronacrisis.
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Kolenova, Anastasia, Anna Kukulyar, Zinaida Brizhak, and Natalya Bessonova. "The concept of success in representing codependent women: transformation in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic threat." E3S Web of Conferences 273 (2021): 10034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127310034.
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The presence of codependent behavior affects many areas of life, while distorting most of the personality's beliefs. Some of the most striking distortions concern the notion of success. At the same time, in conditions of uncertainty (for example, during the COVID-19 pandemic), these changes began to be of a special nature, which can be reflected not only in the features of psychocorrectional measures, but also on the quality of life of the codependent individual as a whole. The empirical object of the study was 167 women, aged 29-35 years, in relationships (in two study periods: "before the pandemic" and "during the pandemic"). Based on the test "Scale for measuring codependency in relationships" (L. Spann-D. Fisher, adapted by V. D. Moskalenko), the sample was divided into 2 subgroups of 47 people: women with a normal level of codependency, women with pronounced codependency. The article shows that the level of codependency of women during the period "during a pandemic" is associated with the fear of not having enough time devoted to the family, with the fear of saving the family and with the fear of a leadership position. We found a relationship between the manifestation of codependency in women during a pandemic and an orientation toward failure. There is a relationship between pre-pandemic level of codependency in women and women's perceptions of success. The level of manifestation of codependency in women in the period "before the pandemic" has an inverse relationship associated with the fear of a lack of time devoted to the family, with the fear of a leadership position. A direct correlation was revealed between their level of codependency and dissatisfaction with their professional role. A relationship was found between the level of codependency and the orientation towards success.
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Gladkov, Igor. "FOREIGN TRADE RELATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN THE CONTEXT OF INCREASING GLOBAL UNCERTAINTY." Contemporary Europe, no. 100 (December 31, 2020): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope720205969.
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The article analyzes the competitive positions in the system of modern international trade of the world's largest regional integration community – the European Union (EU), consisting of 28 member countries. The most important trends in the dynamics and geographical structure of the EU's foreign trade relations are considered against the background of increasing global turbulence, as well as in the run-up to the UK's withdrawal from this grouping. Based on actual and statistical data, the author substantiates the claim that the leading integration bloc managed to maintain its leadership in the world commodity exchange in the conditions of increasing global uncertainty due to its well-thought-out foreign trade policy, which includes a number of quite effective tools. According to the author, the experience gained by the EU is undoubtedly of interest for a more detailed study, since during the entire six-year period under review (2014-2019), there were very significant changes in the sphere of world trade, both at the global and regional levels. These include rising tensions caused by the spread of protectionist sentiments among leading actors, the formation of new types of trade alliances, and the use of sanctions against competitors under the guise of untenable rhetoric. However, the current year has brought more large-scale disasters associated with the emergence of a new virus infection of a planetary scale. Such trends have a negative impact on the dynamics of global trade, including foreign trade relations of the European Union.
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Akon, Md Saifullah, and Mahfujur Rahman. "Reshaping the Global Order in the Post COVID-19 Era: A Critical Analysis." Chinese Journal of International Review 02, no. 01 (June 2020): 2050006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2630531320500067.
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) — an infectious disease that is spread across the world in the last couple of months — has been declared as a global pandemic because of quick infections and a large number of deaths in the worst-affected countries. The impacts of this pandemic are very significant for the existing global political and economic leadership. The internal policies of the United States and other European countries have plunged the whole world into uncertainty, where China emerges as a new savior. Considering the global politics amid COVID-19, the paper’s main objective is to find out the role of the current global leaders amid COVID-19 and the future of global leadership. Following the qualitative methods of research, this paper critically analyzes the active global role of China to fight against this pandemic by providing necessary assistance to the affected countries. However, this paper shows that although China has emerged as the protector of countries during the coronavirus period, it will have to face many obstacles in leading the post-COVID-19 world order. This paper will help further research on the future of China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR) policy, which is now being used as a ‘global health silk road’.
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P Brockway, Julia, Keerti Murari, Alexandra Rosenberg, Orit Saigh, Matthew J. Press, and Jenny J. Lin. "Differences in primary care providers’ and oncologists’ views on communication and coordination of care during active treatment of patients with cancer and comorbidities." International Journal of Care Coordination 22, no. 2 (June 2019): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053434519857582.
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Introduction Management of comorbid diseases in patients with cancer is often unclear. The purpose of our study was to identify differences and similarities between primary care providers and oncologists’ knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding coordination of care and comorbid disease management for patients undergoing active cancer treatment. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using an anonymous self-administered survey which was available to approximately 600 providers in primary care and medical oncology practicing in both outpatient and inpatient settings from March to December 2014 at three academic hospitals in New York City (Mount Sinai Hospital, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, and Weill Cornell). Our survey instrument assessed physician knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs using a clinical vignette of a cancer patient undergoing active treatment. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the demographic and practice details of survey responses, and univariate analyses were used to assess differences in responses between primary care providers and oncologists. Results The survey was completed by 203 providers, including 127 primary care providers (62.5%), 32 medical oncologists (15.8%), 11 palliative care physicians (5.4%), and 33 nurse practitioners or physician assistants (16.3%). Medical oncologists admitted more uncertainty regarding who should manage preventive care as compared to primary care providers (34.4% vs. 16.5%, p = 0.02), whereas primary care providers were more concerned about duplicated care (22.8% vs. 6.3%, p = 0.03). Both primary care providers and medical oncologists agreed that diabetes should be actively managed during cancer treatment. More primary care providers felt less strict glycemic control was allowable (56.8% vs. 37.5%, p = 0.05) and that it is allowable for patients to miss some diabetes-related visits (80.6% vs. 56.3%, p = 0.01). Discussion Primary care providers and medical oncologists differ in their knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs regarding coordination of care and management of comorbid conditions in patients undergoing cancer treatment. These differences reflect systemic challenges to provision of care to cancer patients and the need for a model of care coordination.
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Polishchuk, Oleksandr, and Olena Polishchuk. "Аxiological features of formation of leadership qualities in the process of obtaining higher education." International Scientific Journal of Universities and Leadership, no. 11 (June 14, 2021): 201–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.31874/2520-6702-2021-11-1-201-210.
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Based on the analyzed literature, it is established that leaders play an important role in the society. The sources have shown that each period of development of the society has its own leaders. This correspondence is due to the fact that leaders have the qualities that the society, social group or team wants to see. The use of methods of analysis of philosophical, psychological and relevant literature, phenomenological, dialectical method, systematization, generalization, hypothetical-deductive modeling made it possible to establish that only some qualities are instinctive and focus on self-preservation, self-realization, etc., but there are qualities that are acquired during the study in a higher education institution, in their combination they form a leader not only in the public, professional, political sphere, but also in life. Taking into account the information period of society development, its openness and uncertainty requires a person to be a leader. Having formed own «I», having mastered universal and professional values, developing leadership qualities, a person enters the whirlpool of professional life, enters a social professional group, with which the person began to identify himself or herself during the period of mastering the profession. Particular attention is paid to student self-government, which, in accordance with current legislation, creates all the conditions for the development of leadership qualities that are provoked by such values as life, people, justice, freedom, responsibility. Focusing on these and other values promotes the development of the following qualities: initiative, creativity, sociability, comradeship, sensitivity, professionalism, erudition, responsibility, ability to predict actions and predict their consequences. Having developed these qualities, the student becomes ready for life’s challenges, able to lead a social group, take responsibility for decisions, and so on. That is, the leader who is being formed today in educational institutions is ready to organize collective action to achieve the goal and master the values that are needed for a social group, team, society.
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Singh, Ripi, and Marybeth Miceli. "Role of Women in the Pursuit of NDE 4.0." Materials Evaluation 79, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 272–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.32548/2021.me-04215.
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This paper is intended to highlight roles that women can and likely will play in shaping the future of NDE 4.0, from execution to leadership levels as well as from development to transformation activities. As we build momentum toward adopting Industry 4.0 into the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) domain, we face multiple challenges such as technology standardization, talent and skills shortfall, massive transformation, and regulatory and certification standards (Singh 2019, 2020a). Many of these challenges are better addressed with a proper mix of gender in responsible teams. Women in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) fields are a source of talent that can be harnessed as digitalization becomes a major part of the NDE sector. According to a recent Forbes article, traits like listening and empathy serve women well in “change leadership,” which is the ability to influence and inspire action in others and respond with vision and agility during periods of growth, disruption, or uncertainty to bring about the needed change (Lipkin 2019). While working the innovation value chain, emotional intelligence makes women better suited to capturing marketplace insight and easing friction in technology adoption, and a balance of gender in a team makes for more productive ideation sessions for effective problem-solving and objective execution. This paper presents literature research triggered by personal experience and substantiated by recent candid conversations with women leaders in NDE, to highlight the importance of a blended and balanced gender mix required for NDE 4.0.
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Davison, Graydon, and Tania M. Shelby-James. "Palliative care case conferencing involving general practice: an argument for a facilitated standard process." Australian Health Review 36, no. 1 (2012): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah10984.
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Objective. To discuss the results of a qualitative analysis of the group dynamics of General Practitioner (GP)-led case conferences for palliative care patients, where the GP becomes the care coordinator. Two outcomes are sought: (1) raise the understanding of this type of case conferencing for palliative care patients; and (2) recommend improvements to this process that will positively affect its efficacy. Methods. Original data is the qualitative component of quantitative and qualitative study of 17 GP-led case conferences for palliative care patients. Data were analysed using Carney’s Ladder of Analytical Abstraction. Results. Analysis produced four persistent themes: ambiguity of purpose; ambiguity of role; lack of information; and involvement of multiple interconnected and dynamic groups. These themes are a natural result of the case conferencing process that occurred during the study. Conclusion. Case conferences were inherently uncertain and complex. Complexity results from the range of people and groups interacting with the patient before the case conference who do not attend the conference. Uncertainty results from a lack of direction, leadership and agreed outcomes against which the conference can be structured and measured. A standard process facilitated by someone other than the GP and containing necessary information would offer a better chance of optimising this process. What is known about the topic? Little is known of the group dynamics that occur during these case conferences. What does this paper add? This paper adds a first assessment of the group dynamics of the process and discloses issues that will need to be addressed if this type of case conferencing is to be optimised. What are the implications for practitioners? Understanding of fundamental issues with the process.
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Ahern, Terence, P. J. Byrne, and Brian Leavy. "Developing complex-project capability through dynamic organizational learning." International Journal of Managing Projects in Business 8, no. 4 (September 7, 2015): 732–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijmpb-11-2014-0080.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to extend the learning boundaries of traditional project capability, which follows the linear planning paradigm, in order to include non-linear complex projects that cannot be completely specified and planned in advance, and so require continuous learning over their life cycles. Design/methodology/approach – Based on an earlier empirical investigation, where complex-project capability (CPC) is developed through dynamic organizational learning based on non-linear problem solving, the paper examines some of the conceptual and practical implications of this process insight. The focus here is on incomplete pre-given knowledge and emergent knowledge creation during CPC development. Findings – Using the three interrelated dimensions of project type, knowledge creation method, and organizational learning approach, the paper reinterprets Karl Popper’s linear problem solving model for learning in traditional projects by introducing the concept of knowledge entropy (disorder) for learning in non-linear complex projects. The latter follows a path from “order to disorder to order” rather than from “order to order” under traditional assumptions. Research limitations/implications – By identifying a common learning process at individual, group, and organizational levels, developing CPC can be viewed as a “learning organization”. This multi-level approach facilitates research into distributed organizing for emergent knowledge creation during CPC development. Practical implications – In contrast to traditional planned projects with up-front prior knowledge, complex projects are characterized by incomplete knowledge. The challenge of dealing with knowledge uncertainty in complex projects through continuous learning has practical implications for project learning, planning, knowledge management, and leadership. Originality/value – The concept of knowledge entropy (disorder) extends the learning boundaries of traditional projects, where little learning is anticipated, by including complex projects with knowledge uncertainty requiring continuous learning.
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Jackson, Denise. "Personality Traits in Australian Business Graduates and Implications for Organizational Effectiveness." Industry and Higher Education 28, no. 2 (April 2014): 113–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ihe.2014.0200.
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The Five-Factor model is widely accepted as a robust model of personality that influences workplace behaviour and performance. Given evidence of persistent skills gaps in Australia, it is important to explore personality traits in business graduates to understand whether they have the necessary characteristics to enable the country to perform successfully nationally and to compete on a global level, particularly during periods of economic uncertainty. This study examines personality traits in 674 Australian business graduates, using the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and variations in traits across demographic/background characteristics. The results indicate that graduates are relatively high in extroversion, conscientiousness and emotional stability and low in openness and agreeableness. Some gender differences were apparent. The findings are largely positive for organizational performance, but raise concern for organizational well-being, effective leadership and innovativeness. There is some alignment between the findings and documented deficiencies in graduate performance, highlighting areas for intervention. Strategies for managing typical traits in business graduates and their potential impact on prevalent skills gaps are discussed for both professional and education practitioners.
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Boogert, Neeltje J., Cedric Zimmer, and Karen A. Spencer. "Pre- and post-natal stress have opposing effects on social information use." Biology Letters 9, no. 2 (April 23, 2013): 20121088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2012.1088.
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Theoretical models of social learning predict that animals should copy others in variable environments where resource availability is relatively unpredictable. Although short-term exposure to unpredictable conditions in adulthood has been shown to encourage social learning, virtually nothing is known concerning whether and how developmental conditions affect social information use. Unpredictable food availability increases levels of the stress hormone corticosterone (CORT). In birds, CORT can be transferred from the mother to her eggs, and have downstream behavioural effects. We tested how pre-natal CORT elevation through egg injection, and chick post-natal development in unpredictable food conditions, affected social information use in adult Japanese quail ( Coturnix japonica ). Pre-natal CORT exposure encouraged quail to copy the foraging decisions of demonstrators in video playbacks, whereas post-natal food unpredictability led individuals to avoid the demonstrated food source. An individual's exposure to stress and uncertainty during development can thus affect its use of social foraging information in adulthood. However, the stressor's nature and developmental timing determine whether an adult will tend to copy conspecifics or do the opposite. Developmental effects on social information use might thus help explain individual differences in social foraging tactics and leadership.
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Pai, Sudha. "Changing Political Preferences Among Dalits in Uttar Pradesh in the 2000s: Shift from Social Justice to Aspiration." Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 5, no. 1 (June 2019): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394481119852190.
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During the 2000s, political preferences among Dalits in Uttar Pradesh (UP) have undergone significant transformation. The decade has witnessed weakening of identity politics and simultaneously revival of the BJP. Against this backdrop, the article argues that Dalit politics in UP has entered a phase marked by internal fragmentation, uncertainty and a more complex character. Two rapid shifts are visible in their political preferences: from the BSP towards the BJP in the 2014 elections; second, from late 2015, violent protests by Dalits signalling their anger and disillusionment with the BJP. Two developments are responsible for these swift changes: rising economic aspirations among Dalits, a new all-India consciousness and leaders, impacted by the twin forces of globalisation and cultural modernisation. Second, the revival of the BJP under a new leadership that deftly wove together a strategy of promise of social inclusion and rapid economic development, which attracted Dalits, but which the BJP has failed to fulfil. The article points to unravelling of this new social coalition and concludes that the mere politics of symbolism may not help BJP obtain Dalit support in the 2019 elections.
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Stone-Johnson, Corrie, and Jennie Miles Weiner. "Principal professionalism in the time of COVID-19." Journal of Professional Capital and Community 5, no. 3/4 (June 24, 2020): 367–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpcc-05-2020-0020.
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PurposeIn this paper, we describe the impact of COVID-19 on principals and their work. Drawing on prior research undertaken prior to the onset of the pandemic, we describe how principals were already grappling with difficult tensions associated with their expertise, autonomy, normative orientation and rewards that may have real implications for their work moving forward and how, in the current context of uncertainty and change we believe the issue of principal professionalism requires our collective attention and action.Design/methodology/approachOver the last year, we undertook a multistate qualitative study of 17 school leaders to explore how principals working in traditional public schools conceptualize the principal profession and their role within it. Briefly, we found that the principalship is an “emergent profession” characterized by shared but individually determined knowledge and skills; a normative orientation of service; confused notions of external expectations and rewards and ongoing tensions among all of these elements.FindingsProfessionalism may be a surprising lever for improving the capacity of school leadership. Through our research, we identified that little is known about professionalism as it relates to the unique work of school leaders, but that understanding more about it could lead to greater knowledge of how to encourage and retain them. In the current context of uncertainty, chaos and change, the pressure on leaders to stay in the role and to succeed has never been greater. Thus, it is critical that principals have the capacity to exert professionalism over their work and to have greater say in elements of it, recognizing that some decisions must be made at district, state and federal levels.Originality/valueWhile many studies investigate how teachers of various backgrounds and in different contexts think about teaching as a profession (e.g. Anderson and Cohen, 2015; Stone-Johnson, 2014b; Torres and Weiner, 2018; Hall and McGinty, 2015), we had difficulty identifying studies focused on principals and using frameworks of professionalism to understand how these activities reflect larger shifts in the profession itself. This is despite the changing nature of principals' work, which, like the work of teachers, has been and continues to be largely influenced by the increasing role of neoliberal principles and policies in education. The public nature of the work of school leadership and the potential to support students, families and the communities in which they live brings in sharp focus the necessity of greater understanding of it during the COVID-19 crisis.
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Boyd, Alan, Rachael Addicott, Ruth Robertson, Shilpa Ross, and Kieran Walshe. "Are inspectors’ assessments reliable? Ratings of NHS acute hospital trust services in England." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 22, no. 1 (October 5, 2016): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819616669736.
Full textAbstract:
The credibility of a regulator could be threatened if stakeholders perceive that assessments of performance made by its inspectors are unreliable. Yet there is little published research on the reliability of inspectors’ assessments of health care organizations’ services. Objectives We investigated the inter-rater reliability of assessments made by inspectors inspecting acute hospitals in England during the piloting of a new regulatory model implemented by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) during 2013 and 2014. Multi-professional teams of inspectors rated service provision on a four-point scale for each of five domains: safety; effectiveness; caring; responsiveness; and leadership. Methods In an online survey, we asked individual inspectors to assign a domain and a rating to each of 10 vignettes of service information extracted from CQC inspection reports. We used these data to simulate the ratings that might be produced by teams of inspectors. We also observed inspection teams in action, and interviewed inspectors and staff from hospitals that had been inspected. Results Levels of agreement varied substantially from vignette to vignette. Characteristics such as professional background explained only a very small part of the variation. Overall, agreement was higher on ratings than on domains, and for groups of inspectors compared with individual inspectors. A number of potential causes of disagreement were identified, such as differences regarding the weight that should be given to contextual factors and general uncertainty about interpreting the rating and domain categories. Conclusion Groups of inspectors produced more reliable assessments than individual inspectors, and there is evidence to support the utility of appropriate discussions between inspectors in improving reliability. The reliability of domain allocations was lower than for ratings. It is important to define categories and rating levels clearly, and to train inspectors in their use. Further research is needed to replicate these results now that the model has been fully implemented, and to understand better the impact that inspector uncertainty and disagreement may have on published CQC ratings.