Journal articles on the topic 'Leadership disagreement'
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Lampe, Susan S. "Disagreement about Primary Nursing." Nursing Management (Springhouse) 19, no. 11 (November 1988): 12???13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006247-198811000-00006.
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Greene, Zachary, and Matthias Haber. "Leadership Competition and Disagreement at Party National Congresses." British Journal of Political Science 46, no. 3 (October 20, 2014): 611–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123414000283.
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Theories often explain intraparty competition based on electoral conditions and intraparty rules. This article further opens this black box by considering intraparty statements of preferences. In particular, it predicts that intraparty preference heterogeneity increases after electoral losses, but that candidates deviating from the party’s median receive fewer intraparty votes. Party members grant candidates greater leeway to accommodate competing policy demands when in government. The study tests the hypotheses using a new database of party congress speeches from Germany and France, and uses automated text classification to estimate speakers’ relative preferences. The results demonstrate that speeches at party meetings provide valuable insights into actors’ preferences and intraparty politics. The article finds evidence of a complex relationship between the governing context, the economy and intraparty disagreement.
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Somer-Topcu, Zeynep. "Agree or disagree." Party Politics 23, no. 1 (July 9, 2016): 66–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068816655568.
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Political party leaders are among the most influential actors in parliamentary democracies, and a change in party leadership is an important event for a party organization. Yet, we do not know how these leadership changes affect voter perceptions about party policy positions. On the one hand, we may expect party leadership changes to renew attention to the party, educate voters about its policy positions, and hence reduce disagreement among voters about party positions. On the other hand, rival parties may use a leadership change as an opportunity to defame the party, its leadership, and policies, and hence, increase voter confusion about the party’s policies. Using data from seven Western European democracies, I show that leadership changes help parties reduce voter disagreement about party policy positions. This effect is stronger if the new leader shifts the party’s policy positions.
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Shelby, Tommie. "REPARATIONS, LEADERSHIP, AND DEMOCRACY." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 8, no. 2 (2011): 395–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x11000348.
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Lawrie Balfour and Robert Gooding-Williams have written superb books. Reading Du Bois's texts creatively and carefully, both treat Du Bois as a living political thinker, someone we can learn from and profitably argue with and whose thought is relevant to contemporary political theory. There is more in these books that I could praise and much in them that I agree with, but I will focus my remarks on areas of disagreement.
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Vogel, Dominik, and Alexander Kroll. "Agreeing to disagree? Explaining self–other disagreement on leadership behaviour." Public Management Review 21, no. 12 (March 1, 2019): 1867–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2019.1577910.
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McCall, Morgan W. "Peeling the Onion: Getting Inside Experience-Based Leadership Development." Industrial and Organizational Psychology 3, no. 1 (March 2010): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-9434.2009.01200.x.
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There doesn't seem to be much disagreement that experience should be at the heart of leadership development. The energy in the commentaries was around building on the existing foundation of knowledge about experience-based leadership development, bolstering certain areas to make it more complete and usable. I examine more closely several of the issues raised in the commentaries: the role of training and education in leadership development, increasing the probability that the desired learning from experience actually happens, and the transfer of learning.
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Erben, Julian, Frank M. Schneider, and Michaela Maier. "In the Ear of the Beholder: Self-Other Agreement in Leadership Communication and Its Relationship With Subordinates’ Job Satisfaction." International Journal of Business Communication 56, no. 4 (October 5, 2016): 505–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329488416672431.
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This article deals with the question of how agreement or disagreement in the perception of leadership communication from the perspective of both leader and subordinate is related to subordinates’ job satisfaction. Employees of a department in a large, globally operating insurance company and their managers ( N = 110) completed questionnaires including instruments to assess leadership communication from the perspective of the managers and their respective employees as well as employees’ job satisfaction. Results from polynomial regression with response surface modeling suggest that there is a positive linear relationship between self- and other ratings of leadership communication and subordinates’ job satisfaction, in which the highest scores of job satisfaction are related to high in-agreement ratings of leadership communication. In addition, discrepancies in perceptions of leadership communication decrease job satisfaction, particularly when leaders are overestimators.
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Kuenzi, Maribeth, Michael E. Brown, David M. Mayer, and Manuela Priesemuth. "Supervisor-Subordinate (Dis)agreement on Ethical Leadership: An Investigation of its Antecedents and Relationship to Organizational Deviance." Business Ethics Quarterly 29, no. 1 (September 11, 2018): 25–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/beq.2018.14.
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ABSTRACT:We examine supervisor-subordinate (dis)agreement regarding perceptions of the supervisor’s ethical leadership and its relationship to organizational deviance. We find that, on average, supervisors rate themselves more favorably on ethical leadership compared to how followers rate them. In addition, polynomial regression results reveal that unit-level organizational deviance is higher when there is agreement about lower levels of ethical leadership, and disagreement when supervisors rate themselves higher on ethical leadership than subordinates’ ratings of the supervisors. Finally, drawing on social influence theories, we look at antecedents of (dis)agreement and find that supervisors’ beliefs about themselves (that they were “better-than-average” ethical leaders) and others (their assumptions about whether the morality of their subordinates is malleable or not) are associated with self-other (dis)agreement on ethical leadership.
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Parbat, Tanmayee. "Role of a Strategic Management Team in Conflict Resolution: A Case Study of IKEA." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 11 (November 30, 2021): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38551.
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Abstract: The thesis looked into and investigated the topic at hand as a case study of IKEA's strategic management team in dispute resolution. Organizational operations changes have a cascade effect on marketing and human resource management, undermining efforts at standardization and localization. Workplace disagreement can jeopardise organizational goals, leading to dysfunction and excessive competition. Workplace conflict must be addressed before it has a detrimental impact on team productivity and leads businesses to lose money. However, workplace disagreements can lead to the formation of positive relationships, peer learning, enhanced communication, new ideas, and increased motivation. We used transformational leadership theory to look at how senior account managers deal with conflict at work for this study. The thesis looked at IKEA's marketing techniques for forming a strategic management team to handle conflicts, and it was based on extensive research and accurate data.
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Edemskiy, Andrey. "Additional evidence on the final break between Moscow and Tirana in 1960-1961." Balcanica, no. 50 (2019): 375–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/balc1950375e.
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Disagreement between Khrushchev and Enver Hoxha, leaders of the Soviet Union and Albania, had been ripening since the mid-1950s. Until the spring of 1960 the leadership of the small country did not show readiness to challenge the Soviets perceived as the great power at the head of Socialist bloc countries and the world Communist movement. But when the Chinese leadership indicated their disagreements with official Moscow in the spring of 1960, Albania joined them without fearing the inevitability of open confrontation with the Soviets. The article reveals the further course of events in chronological order during the deepening rift between the two leaders and their entourage, and analyses the Soviet decision-making process at the highest level consulting newly-declassified documents from the Russian State Archives of Contemporary History in Moscow. By the end of 1961, within less than two years, relations between the Soviet Union and Albania sank to their lowest. The Soviet leadership, presumably Khrushchev himself, failed in their attempts to stop another growing conflict in the Soviet bloc by discussing controversial issues face to face with the Albanian leadership. Researchers have already accumulated considerable knowledge about these processes, but substantial gaps are yet to be filled. Many relevant Soviet documents from Russian archives are not yet declassified. Nevertheless, the already available ones allow researchers to take a broader look on the developing Soviet-Albanian rift and to establish how, in parallel with the collapse of Soviet-Albanian connections in the early 1960s, Soviet-Yugoslav contacts intensified.
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Baker, A. Minor, Patricia L. Guerra, and Sarah Baray. "Assistant Principal Dilemma: Walking the Line Between Compliance and Leadership." Journal of Cases in Educational Leadership 21, no. 1 (January 30, 2018): 66–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1555458917723952.
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Inspired by real-life events, this case describes the start of a seemingly solid working relationship between two elementary campus administrators and its demise as the result of inadequate communication and distrust. Initially, these two leaders benefit from differing supervision styles, but these differences eventually lead to increased tension and conflict between them. The assistant principal (AP) attempts to maintain a unified administrative front despite disagreement with the principal’s leadership style and decisions. Once the principal suspects the AP is undermining her authority, their relationship quickly deteriorates and the AP faces losing his job.
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Craig, Geoffrey. "Kindness and Control: The Political Leadership of Jacinda Ardern in the Aotearoa New Zealand COVID-19 Media Conferences." Journalism and Media 2, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 288–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/journalmedia2020017.
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Aotearoa New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern’s management of COVID-19 media conferences demonstrated a complex negotiation of expressions of ‘kindness’ and political ‘control’ as Ardern sought to unify the national public and implement a national emergency that closed the border and suspended civil liberties and freedom of movement. This article considers the distinctive positive leadership style of Ardern while also demonstrating the ways it is grounded in the exigencies of the political field. A critical reading of Ardern’s media conference answers reveals four nominated categories: positive assertions, management of conflict/disagreement, delineation of politician role/responsibility, and political evasion. The four categories map the terrain of agreement and disagreement and they locate the subject position of the politician on that terrain.
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Paletta, Angelo, Genc Alimehmeti, Greta Mazzetti, and Dina Guglielmi. "Educational leadership and innovative teaching practices: a polynomial regression and response surface analysis." International Journal of Educational Management 35, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 897–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijem-01-2021-0019.
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PurposeThis study explores the factors that explain the adoption of innovative teaching practices within schools and how this is determined by the different perceptions of principals and teachers.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use the self-other agreement to measure the difference between the principal and teachers' rating based on the responses of 255 principals and 10,415 teachers, applying polynomial regression with surface analysis to examine the in-agreement/disagreement of self- and other-ratings.FindingsResults indicate that schools where principals and teachers agree on the level of collaborative culture, learning climate, professional development and instructional leadership are associated with higher innovative teaching practices, creating opportunities for stimulating learning environments. In addition, the adoption of innovative professional practices is more likely to result when there is disagreement with teacher over-rating the factors.Practical implicationsIt has practical implications for developing strategies aimed at encouraging the implementation of innovative teaching practices among teachers and it extends the research on teachers' professional practices by using self-other agreement data collection method and surface analysis.Originality/valueThe vast collection of data provide a unique investigation opportunity of the effects of collaborative culture, learning climate, professional development and instructional leadership on innovative teaching in Italy.
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Hasson, Henna, Ulrica von Thiele Schwarz, and Susanne Tafvelin. "Shared or different realities." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 41, no. 1 (December 3, 2019): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-02-2019-0092.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore the consequences of self–other agreement (SOA) between leaders and subordinates on constructive and passive leadership behaviors for employee well-being, performance and perception of learning climate. Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire ratings of 76 leaders and 211 subordinates in a forest industrial company on full-range leadership and subordinate ratings of well-being, work performance and learning climate have been used in this paper. The data were analyzed using polynomial regression with response surface analysis. Findings SOA on constructive leadership (transformational leadership and contingent reward) was related to subordinates’ perception of a positive learning climate. SOA on passive leadership (management-by-exception passive) reduced subordinates’ performance, while disagreement reduced their well-being. Practical implications It is important to give leaders feedback on their own and their subordinates’ ratings of not only constructive leadership behaviors but also passive behaviors. Originality/value The study demonstrates how SOA on leaders’ constructive and passive leadership behaviors impacts employees’ well-being, performance and work climate.
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BROADWELL, GEORGE AARON, JENNIFER STROMER-GALLEY, TOMEK STRZALKOWSKI, SAMIRA SHAIKH, SARAH TAYLOR, TING LIU, UMIT BOZ, ALANA ELIA, LAURA JIAO, and NICK WEBB. "Modeling Sociocultural phenomena in discourse." Natural Language Engineering 19, no. 2 (January 12, 2012): 213–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324911000386.
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AbstractIn this paper, we describe a novel approach to computational modeling and understanding of social and cultural phenomena in multi-party dialogues. We developed a two-tier approach in which we first detect and classify certain sociolinguistic behaviors, including topic control, disagreement, and involvement, that serve as first-order models from which presence the higher level social roles, such as leadership, may be inferred.
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Shaikh, Samira, Tomek Strzalkowski, Jennifer Stromer-Galley, George Broadwell, Ting Liu, and Rosa Mikeal Martey. "Modeling Leadership Behavior of Players in Virtual Worlds." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Interactive Digital Entertainment 11, no. 5 (June 24, 2021): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aiide.v11i5.12844.
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In this article, we describe our method of modeling sociolinguistic behaviors of players in massively multi-player online games. The focus of this paper is leadership, as it is manifested by the participants engaged in discussion, and the automated modeling of this complex behavior in virtual worlds. We first approach the research question of modeling from a social science perspective, and ground our models in theories from human communication literature. We then adapt a two-tiered algorithmic model that derives certain mid-level sociolinguistic behaviors--such as Task Control, Topic Control and Disagreement from discourse linguistic indicators--and combines these in a weighted model to reveal the complex role of Leadership. The algorithm is evaluated by comparing its prediction of leaders against ground truth – the participants’ own ratings of leadership of themselves and their conversation peers. We find the algorithm performance to be considerably better than baseline.
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Springer, Allen L. "International Environmental Law After Rio: The Continuing Search for Equity." Ethics & International Affairs 7 (March 1993): 115–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.1993.tb00146.x.
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Springer focuses on the nature and challenges of “leadership” in contemporary environmental diplomacy since the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. He raises the importance of the issue of equity in international environmental law. Springer argues that competing conceptions of what is fair and just lie at the heart of much of the diplomatic disagreement over major environmental initiatives such as those debated at the Rio conference.
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Evans, Linda. "Is educational leadership (still) worth studying? An epistemic worthiness-informed analysis." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 50, no. 2 (March 2022): 325–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17411432211066273.
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This article is exploratory and experimental. It starts from the premise that leadership scholarship is a site of disagreement, where mainstream claims are challenged by critical scholars. Some criticism focuses on conceptual clarity, and incorporates consideration of who should be categorised as a leader, and on what basis, and whether it is helpful to refer to ‘leaders’ and ‘followers’. The ‘new wave’ of critical leadership studies generates controversial questions relating to whether leadership exists or is in fact a myth that we have reified. The bulk of criticism directed at educational leadership challenges three mainstream knowledge claims – underpinned by what I call the causality belief, the leadership dependency belief, and the conceptual belief – and which are the focus of this article's analysis. While criticism of these knowledge claims is well-rehearsed, the article breaks new ground by analysing them through an epistemic justification lens to address the question: is educational leadership (still) worth studying? Represented by these three component beliefs, the mainstream educational leadership scholarship belief system is analysed within a frame derived from the philosophy of science, and draws on BonJour's coherentist theory of epistemic justification to apply a more structured assessment than has hitherto been achieved by critical scholarship.
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Vrešlija, Derviš, and Safet Beganović. "A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE QUALITY OF LEADERSHIP AMONG IMAMS AND RELIGION TEACHERS." Zbornik radova 16, no. 16 (December 15, 2018): 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2019.16.161.
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The aim of the paper is to make a comparative analysis of the quality of leadership among imams and religion teachers, i.e. based on the attitudes of imams and religion teachers to conclude whether there is a difference in the frequency of application of different leadership styles. We used a method of theoretical analysis, a descriptive-analytical survey method, and a technique of survey data collection. The research instruments were a Background Data Questionnaire and a Leadership Behavior Questionnaire - Leadership Styles (Pearce & Sims, 2002). The research sample consisted of 100 imams and 100 religion teachers coming from the Zenica-Doboj Canton. Our findings showed that the leadership by imams is statistically significantly more characterized by: intimidation, reprimand, setting goals, instructions and commands, providing material and personal rewards, disagreement with the current situation and vision. On the other hand, the leadership by religion teachers is statistically significantly characterized more by: the team's functional efficiency, the qualitative efficiency of the team, efficiency of introducing changes, efficiency of organization and planning, interpersonal efficiency, efficiency evaluation, and overall efficiency. The following styles were found to be common to both imams and religion teachers: idealism, inspirational communication, intellectual stimulation, support to the reward system, encouraging independent actions, support to thinking and support to personal progress.
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Horowitz, Shale, Steven B. Redd, and Min Ye. "International Territorial Dispute Preferences in China and the United States." Asian Survey 60, no. 5 (September 2020): 928–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2020.60.5.928.
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Within international relations theory, there is significant disagreement on the nature and significance of leaders’ dispute outcome preferences. While many variants of realism assume that such preferences are relatively fixed and homogeneous, both the liberal and the constructivist schools view them as significant variables. This debate remains unresolved because, for the standard large-sample conflict data sets, there are no direct measures of leadership preferences over outcomes in given types of international disputes. Using a conflict bargaining experiment, we ask whether, after controlling for the effects of relative power and initial conditions, leadership preferences have a statistically significant impact. We use two different country samples—from China and the United States—to examine whether the impact of leadership preferences varies internationally. We find that realist-style preferences are a special rather than a general case, and that such differences have significant implications for understanding continuities and changes in Chinese and US foreign policies.
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Klein, Mike. "Folk Schools as Inspiration for Contemporary Democratic Peacebuilding." Journal of Peacebuilding & Development 13, no. 3 (December 2018): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15423166.2018.1498374.
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Cultivation of democratic culture is a potential antidote to radical disagreement, contradiction, and polarisation. Folk high schools (folkehøjskoles) emerged in Denmark following a nonviolent revolution from monarchy to democracy in 1849 and were founded as non-formal educational institutions for the cultivation of a pervasive democratic culture. The Scandinavian folk school tradition emerged in the US to meet diverse democratic needs for: adult education, community building, labour organising, and social movement leadership. The Highlander Folk School embodied the democratising leadership of the early Danish folk schools as it shaped the US labour, civil rights, and environmental movements. Folk schools as popular non-formal education hold promise for developing a culture of democratic preventative peacebuilding to foster individual and collective agency; advance a vital agonistic democracy; and counter the politics of fear, division, and polarisation.
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Fachruddin Hariandi, Kiki Farida Ferine, and Yohny Anwar. "Leadership Style and Communication in Conflict a Settlement at PLN Branch Gebang." Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 512–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/konfrontasi2.v9i3.246.
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This study aims to see how the influence of communication and leadership on conflict resolution. Communication and leadership, which is an integral part of the organization, generally have a strong influence on the organization or even not, depending on how they communicate and use their leadership in managing the organization. The research method used is correlational research which aims to detect the extent to which variations in one factor are related to variations in other factors based on the correlation coefficient. Organizational communication structure is defined as a system of pathways through which messages flow or as a pattern of interaction between the people who make up the organization (Nica in Hener, 2010). Leaders influence others through their ability to motivate, inform, inspire, have technical competence, communicate effectively, and convey a vision (Pierce & Newstrom in Kaimenyi, 2014). Organizational conflict is a disagreement between individuals or groups within the organization, focusing on factors ranging from resource allocation and division of responsibilities to the employee organization as a whole (Hossain, 2017).
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Saglie, Jo. "Between Opinion Leadership and 'Contract of Disagreement': The Norwegian Labour Party and the European Issue (1988-1994)." Scandinavian Political Studies 23, no. 2 (June 2000): 93–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9477.00032.
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Simons, Margaret, and Paul Strangio. "Simply waltzing on? Reflections on the performance of the Canberra Press Gallery in an era of prime-ministerial instability." Media International Australia 167, no. 1 (April 10, 2018): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x18766411.
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This article draws on interviews with members of the Canberra Press Gallery to reflect on the performance of journalists in reporting recent national leadership instability. This is in the context of claims that reporters assisted in fomenting the instability and were ethically compromised. The increased pace of the news media cycle and the role of social media has caused a ‘cacophonous’ environment which journalist believe contributes to instability. The journalistic convention of background briefings is both central to the gallery’s performance in reporting leadership tensions and the major impediment to an informed assessment of whether journalists have assisted in fanning instability. We find that despite the centrality of the background briefing to the Gallery’s work, there is complexity and disagreement about the practice and the ethical standards that apply. This, we suggest, will be of increasing importance, yet the gallery’s willingness and ability to reflect on the issues is limited.
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Niron, Maria Dominika, Suyata Suyata, and Siti Partini Suardiman. "Teacher’s leadership in learning processes at kindergartens." Jurnal Pembangunan Pendidikan: Fondasi dan Aplikasi 5, no. 1 (September 5, 2017): 52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jppfa.v5i1.14470.
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The aim of this study was to find out the effective kindergarten teacher’s behaviour in influencing, mobilizing, and developing students in teaching learning process. This research was phenomenological qualitative research. The main instruments of this research were the researcher and observation manual. The focus of this research was the way teachers teach in the learning process in group A of Indriyasana Kindergarten, Indriarini Kindergarten, and ABA Pokoh Kindergarten. The data validity of this research was tested by using repeated observation, resource triangulation, and technique triangulation. The componential data was analyzed by employing inductive technique from Spradley’s qualitative model and Miles and Huberman analysis model. The result of the research showed that teacher’s effective ways to influence, mobilize, and develop students in teaching learning process are as follows: 1. Reciting yell, clap yell, and asking students to sing. The content of yell, clap yell, and song was appropriate with values which were developed based on vision, mission, and the goal of Kindergarten institution. Yells, clap yell, and song were democratic and they were the form of the value of learning leadership. 2. In some situations, there was a tendency where the teacher used more autocratic way to influence, mobilize, and develop students in learning process such as the verbal way in which teacher call students’ name and non-verbal way in which teacher put his index finger on his lip as a sign to ask students to be quiet. The other non-verbal ways were: shaking head as a sign of disagreement, raising thumb as a sign of reinforcement, and nodding as a sign of agreement. Sometimes, teachers also used laissez-fair methods such as neglecting students/letting students behave as they want.Keywords: leadership, teacher’s leadership behaviour, learning process in Kindergarten
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Alfoqahaa, Sam, and Eleri Jones. "Leading at the edge of chaos: historical perspectives on the qualities of leadership for cultural diversity and conflict resolution." International Journal of Public Leadership 16, no. 2 (April 21, 2020): 217–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpl-10-2019-0065.
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PurposeBuilding on the contributions of chaos and complexity theories, this paper aims to conceptualize how the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King and Nelson Mandela were able to transform chaos (randomness) into order (integration). More specifically, it aims to identify the qualities by which such leadership worked in the context of conflict and cultural confrontations, which is, leading at the edge of chaos.Design/methodology/approachThis research follows a qualitative approach in data collection and analysis; it narrates and analyses biographic data as well as literature about these three prominent leaders. Common qualities of these leaders are explored in-depth, discussed and linked.FindingsSuccess in leading at the edge of chaos was attributed to the following leadership qualities: vision, non-violence and tolerance. This paper conceptualizes Gandhi, King and Mandela's embodiment of these qualities in transforming difference and disagreement to unity and how they inspired and developed their societies at home and all over the world. This paper concludes with the following results: Dr King, Gandhi and Mandela were visionary leaders; the three leaders had a vision about the future of freedom, equality and peace. More importantly, they were able to hearts and minds, and convey their visions to followers and to society at large. They struggled to achieve their goals non-violently, but knew that violence could destroy society due to unbalanced power structures. In the fight for their people's emancipation/freedom, they avoided ethnic, racial and religious discrimination. The three leaders were politically, culturally and socially tolerant.Research limitations/implicationsBy identifying their leadership qualities and analyzing their leadership mechanisms, this paper stresses the necessity of the emergence and preservation of leadership as exhibited by King, Gandhi, Mandela and many other influential leaders. Leaders, committed to enrichment and sustainability of cultural diversity and nurturing of tolerance, can play a role in unifying nations. Practically put, today’s leaders need to rethink their strategies, by taking into consideration what Gandhi, King and Mandela have contributed to leadership in dealing with cultural diversity and conflict. Furthermore, leaders must extend the applicability of such leadership to include the ending of violence in every facet of people's lives, and work publicly to overcome the challenges encountering human kind such as nuclear weapons, war, poverty, racism, global warming, drugs, religious bigotry and violence of any kind. That is, today's leaders need to lead at the edge of chaos due to the ongoing conflicts around the globe.Originality/valueThis paper uniquely conceptualizes leadership qualities by analyzing and comparing literature and biographical data of the above-mentioned leaders. The study also contributes to the existing literature on leadership using an interdisciplinary approach by proving the mechanisms by which leadership transforms chaos into order within the context of cultural diversity and confrontation, where studies are rare. This research contributes to the theory of leaderships at three levels. First, it offers an interdisciplinary theory on leadership qualities by linking these qualities with chaos and complexity theories. Second, unlike the majority of literature which views leadership from a business or public leadership perspective, this research provides a new perspective of leadership for cultural diversity. Third, it highlights the role models of three exemplary leaders for each of whom previous literature is lacking.
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Khandaker, Golam, Srinivasarao Cherukuru, Claire Dibben, and Manaan Kar Ray. "From a sector-based service model to a functional one: qualitative study of staff perceptions." Psychiatric Bulletin 33, no. 9 (September 2009): 329–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.108.022897.
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Aims and MethodAn increasing number of mental health trusts in the UK are replacing the geographically sectorised model of service delivery with a functional one. We conducted a qualitative study of staff perception concerning this reorganisation in our Trust, to inform effective change management locally and elsewhere.ResultsPerceived benefits were quick decision-making, positive risk management and improvement in clinical leadership. Dedicated consultant time would lead to improvements in junior doctor training. Concerns included lack of continuity of care, disagreement between teams and de-skilling of staff. Communication was seen as the key to overcoming these difficulties.Clinical ImplicationsDetailed communication from management about the practicalities and reasons for change could facilitate effective transition.
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Angetile, Madaraka. "Stress and its Impacts among Pastors in the Moravian Church of Tanzania." October to December, 2021 2, Issue 4 (November 5, 2021): 42–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.46606/eajess2021v02i04.0126.
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This study sought to establish stress and its potential impacts among pastors in the Moravian Church of Tanzania. The study adopted the mixed methods research approach whereby interview schedule and closed-ended questionnaire gathered data from respondents. The study comprised of 41 out of 120 population of pastors selected through simple random sampling, including one Bishop, four provincial and district leaders and thirty-six church pastors. Disagreement between church members and pastors was found to be one of stressors to pastors. It is therefore high time to intervene with strong means and alternatives so that pastors work in supportive environments. In order to enhance working morale among pastors it is essential to keep them motivated. Furthermore, the Moravian Church of Tanzania needs to review policies on working conditions so that pastors will work comfortably. The church should also establish regular seminars and trainings to educate pastors on essential skills, such as leadership and financial management in order to reduce unnecessary conflicts with church members and leadership as the conflicts are the causatives of stress.
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Mæland, Kjellfrid. "‘A touch of power’: Agents, dynamics and multiple perspectives in running a research project." Power and Education 9, no. 2 (June 2, 2017): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757743817711719.
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The aim of this study is to get an insight into how members of a research project group describe and interpret the dynamic relations in the group in running a research project investigating improvisation in teacher education. The empirical data consists of field notes from the research group meetings and project events in the initial phase of the project, and from retrospective interviews with the research project group a year later. The data was analysed in an abductive process in light of the concept of power and the concept of the group as an interpretative zone. The findings indicate that there is ‘a touch of power’ when reflecting on followership and leadership, conflicts and professional disagreement, and unity and multiple perspectives.
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Mammadova, Gunel Kamil. "Влияние раздоров в руководстве Азербайджанской Советской Социалистической Республики в 1920-х годах и их влияние на политико-экономическую жизнь страны." Path of Science 7, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 5001. http://dx.doi.org/10.22178/pos.69-5.
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This article studies the disagreements in the leadership of the Azerbaijan SSR in the 1920s and the effect of these contradictions on the political and economic life of the republic. The research material is historical documents and historical and theoretical literature. The research topic is relevant, as it provides undeniable historical facts about the territorial integrity of Azerbaijan. For the first time, the article analyzes the historical events of those times from the point of view of modern historical events they are interconnected with. It also examines the status of the Azerbaijani language in such a difficult historical period. In the course of the research, the historical-descriptive method and the method of historical analysis were used. As a result of the study, it was revealed that in 1920 intra-government disagreements and disputes began with the creation of the Soviet government between nationalist-minded forces and the Bolshevik forces of Armenian origin emissaries of Moscow. This strife ended in the defeat of the Azerbaijani national communists due to the unequal distribution of forces. Thus, the Central Bolshevik government and its Baku emissaries of non-Azerbaijani origin removed the obstacles that contradicted their policy in Azerbaijan and began to implement in full force the chauvinist national policy under the veil of international philosophy. Summing up, the author points out the causes of strife and disagreement among the authorities of Azerbaijan in the 1920s. He notes that these reasons were negligence and disrespect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, wealth, language, religion and national traditions, peasants and intellectuals of Azerbaijan. This attitude was also observed in the field of economic issues. This study's presented materials and conclusions can be useful for historians and further research in this direction.
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Walther, Axel, Andrea Calabrò, and Michèle Morner. "Got a plan in the pipeline? Nominating committee’s information processing in executive successions." Management Decision 55, no. 10 (November 20, 2017): 2200–2217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-07-2016-0479.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine how information-processing mechanisms between nominating committees (NCs), incumbent executives, board chairs, and shareholders affect the comprehensiveness of executive succession processes. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ an explanatory multiple-case study that comprises eight CEO and CFO succession cases in large German publicly traded firms. Findings The findings reveal that comprehensiveness is determined by four key information-processing mechanisms: the effectiveness of NC’s information sharing, absorbing disagreement, and integrating heterogeneous opinions; board chair leadership (i.e. an apprentice board leadership structure in association with the board chair’s openness to ideas); the breadth and depth of information sharing between executives and NCs; and the extent and timing to which major shareholders influence succession processes. Research limitations/implications The authors summarize the findings in a conceptual framework and develop a set of propositions to guide future research on the topic. Such studies may want to test the suggestions in a quantitative way, preferably in a multinational context. Originality/value The authors’ emerging conceptual framework contributes a set of information-processing variables by which NCs engage in comprehensive executive successions with incumbent executives, board chairs, and major shareholders and offers a multiechelon approach to study executive successions.
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Ani, Emmanuel Ifeanyi. "Testing the Infrastructure of Wiredu’s Non-Party Democracy." Politeja 17, no. 6(69) (October 1, 2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/politeja.17.2020.69.01.
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Kwasi Wiredu’s proposal of a non-party system of democracy argues that we should have political associations rather than political parties. It advocates cooperation and consensus between these associations and encourages the removal or reduction of some constraints of the multi-party system, such as periodic elections. A critic has argued that this proposal is a recipe for despotism, whilst a supporter has stated that the critic misreads Wiredu’s statements. I attempt to resolve the disagreement by subjecting Wiredu’s non-party infrastructure to a test, a thought experiment that examines the consequences of having this system run by persons with the worst possible intentions. The outcome is that Wiredu’s non-party polity is too poorly equipped to protect us from the damages accruable from the unrestricted rule of such persons. Parties and elections could only be eliminated if supplanted by a political infrastructure that secures a more productive and moral leadership.
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Torkashvand, Afsaneh, Mahmood Ghayyoum Zadeh Kharanaghi, and Abbas Ali Heidari. "THE PLACE OF EXPEDIENT(MASLAHAT) IN THE LEADERSHIP OF THE ISLAMIC COMMUNITY." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 6, no. 8 (August 31, 2018): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v6.i8.2018.1454.
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Expediency is one of the titles which have important statuses in the Islamic jurisprudence and its association with religious decrees is clarified while determining its concept and it specifies the authorities of the prudent leader.
Expedient (Maslahat) in the view of Islam is defined as to do anything for the sake of material and spiritual benefit of the individual and society. Islamic religions do believe that Expedient (Maslahat) plays an essential role in the interpretation of the law, but there is some disagreement over its scope. Most jurisprudents consider expediency to be effective in divine rules when it is based on the expedients, and its purpose is to achieve expedients that can changed as according to the requirements of time and place. Examining and implementing this in the affairs of society is one of the duties that the Islamic ruler should observe. Therefore, it is necessary that the ruler considers the expedient in community management and use it as a key to solving problems and removing the obstacles. The present research project tries to examine the role of expedient in implementing the provincial leadership and seeks to answer the following questions:
What is the relationship between the community leadership and the welfare state?
How can the Islamic ruler utilize this rule?
Another purpose is to explain this relationship as a solution and a key to solve the problems of the society including the conflict of the rules, which mainly deals with the jurisprudential texts in a qualitative way with an analytical attitude. Various research on leadership and expediency has been done separately, but it seems that the link between these two has not been mentioned yet. So, it seems necessary to carry out a new research on this issue to answer the questions raised in relation to these two categories.
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Hetenyi, Szabolcs, Leonie Goelz, Alexander Boehmcker, and Carlos Schorlemmer. "Quality Assurance of a Cross-Border and Sub-Specialized Teleradiology Service." Healthcare 10, no. 6 (May 28, 2022): 1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061001.
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Background: The current literature discusses aspects of quality assurance (QA) and sub-specialization. However, the challenges of these topics in a teleradiology network have been less explored. In a project report, we aimed to review the development and enforcement of sub-specialized radiology at Telemedicine Clinic (TMC), one of the largest teleradiology providers in Europe, and to describe each step of its QA. Evaluation: The company-specific background was provided by the co-authors—current and former staff members of TMC. Detailed descriptions of the structures of sub-specialization and QA at TMC are provided. Exemplary quantitative evaluation of caseloads and disagreement rates of secondary reviews are illustrated. Description of Sub-specialization and Quality Assurance at TMC: Sub-specialization at TMC is divided into musculoskeletal radiology, neuroradiology, head and neck, a body, and an emergency section operating at local daytime in Europe and Australia. Quality assurance is based on a strict selection process of radiologists, specific reporting guidelines, feedback through the secondary reading of 100% of all radiology reports for new starters, and a minimum of 5% of radiology reports on a continuous basis for all other radiologists, knowledge sharing activities and ongoing training. The level of sub-specialization of each radiologist is monitored continuously on an individual basis in detail. After prospective secondary readings, the mean disagreement rate at TMC indicating at least possibly clinically relevant findings was 4% in 2021. Conclusion: With continuing and current developments in radiology in mind, the essential features of sub-specialization and innovative QA are relevant for further expansion of teleradiology services and for most radiology departments worldwide to respond to the increasing demand for value-based radiology.
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Soare, Florin Stanica. "Ceausescu’s population policy: a moral or an economic choice between compulsory and voluntary incentivised motherhood?" European Journal of Government and Economics 2, no. 1 (June 29, 2013): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2013.2.1.4287.
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The purpose of this paper is to explain why, in 1966, the Romanian leadership adopted a wholly restrictive pronatalist policy, based on the strict limitation of abortion, instead of one based on socioeconomic incentives to families, as suggested by technocrats. Previous literature shows disagreement on whether the choice was motivated by moralistic or economic considerations. In order to find an answer to this question, hundreds of pages of archival material unpublished so far have been analysed, including the minutes of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, statistics, documents identified in the Ministry of Health Archive, and the technical reports that were on the table at the time of the decision. The conclusion of this study, drawn on the basis of these documents, indicates that at the time of 1966, regardless of the suggestions of the technocrats, a decision had already been taken by Ceausescu himself. This decision was influenced directly by economic considerations, namely the wish to obtain the maximum pronatalist effect at a minimum budgetary cost.
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Uittenbroek, Caroline J., Leonie B. Janssen-Jansen, Tejo J. M. Spit, and Hens A. C. Runhaar. "Organizational values and the implications for mainstreaming climate adaptation in Dutch municipalities: using Q methodology." Journal of Water and Climate Change 5, no. 3 (March 5, 2014): 443–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2014.048.
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Mainstreaming climate adaptation requires the inclusion of climate adaptation in the policies of various policy domains such as water management and spatial planning. This paper investigates the organizational values present in several municipal policy departments in order to explore their willingness to act upon climate adaptation and the implications for mainstreaming. Q methodology, supplemented by interviews and focus groups, applied in three major Dutch municipalities – Amsterdam, The Hague and Rotterdam – reveals three value patterns: (1) start today; (2) not for us to lead; and (3) shared responsibility. These different value patterns indicate that there is a general agreement on the problem, impacts and solutions, but disagreement on the time frame for action and the allocation of resources. Although all three value patterns are present within departments in each municipality, different value patterns prevail in each municipality. Additionally, the analysis shows barriers as well as opportunities for mainstreaming. A lack of political commitment and leadership, and unsupportive organizational structures, create barriers. In spite of this, there is willingness to act and strategic framing is applied to gain acceptance for the mainstreaming of climate adaptation.
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Ėmužis, Marius. "“Kapsukism” and the “Angarietists”: The Conflict between Leaders of the Communist Party of Lithuania in 1926–1927." Lietuvos istorijos studijos 48 (December 27, 2021): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/lis.2021.48.3.
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From about 1923 onwards, two leaders of the Communist Party of Lithuania (CPL), Zigmas Aleksa-Angarietis and Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas, began to disagree on the tactics and direction of the party. In 1925–1926, because of the workload in the Comintern apparatus and the subsequent illness of V. Kapsukas, Z. Angarietis began to dominate in CPL matters and isolated V. Kapsukas from decision-making within the CPL and information pertaining to it. When V. Kapsukas recovered from his illness, he sought to recover his positions and wrote an appeal to the Comintern Executive Committee, asking the committee to resolve the conflict. Because of this, the conflict got more personal: both individuals started to gather supporters, initiating a power struggle for leadership positions, while the conflict itself, beginning with a disagreement about tactics, evolved into a personal matter. The Comintern formed a commission to resolve the conflict, but they took a balancing position: the commission wanted to maintain the status quo, but instead managed only to delay and not resolve the conflict.
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Jie, Zhao. "Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Sino-US Relations." Post-Soviet Issues 8, no. 1 (June 12, 2021): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.24975/2313-8920-2021-8-1-99-112.
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This article focuses on the impact of the pandemic coronavirus (COVID-19) on Sino-US relations. It describes Sino-US relations before and after the outbreak of the coronavirus pandemic. Particular attention is paid to the ongoing trade war between the PRC and the US, as well as the development of the information war caused by the politicization of the epidemic. The reasons for the deterioration of Sino-US relations under the influence of the coronavirus are considered. The author highlighted the following factors: US fears about the transition of world economic and political leadership from Washington to Beijing; the disagreement between China and the United States over the anti-epidemic in the framework of multilateral cooperation; problems caused by objectively accelerated changes in the world order. It is concluded that the epidemic plays a limited role in the deterioration of economic and political relations between China and the US. The fundamental reason remains the discrepancy between the unilateralism advocated by the US and multilateralism called for by China.
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Poole, David, and Bob Robertson. "Hunting the Snark or Leading with Purpose? Managing the Enterprise University." Journal of Management & Organization 9, no. 3 (January 2003): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200004673.
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ABSTRACTIn Lewis Carroll's classic poem, ‘The Hunting of the Snark’, there is little understanding about what a ‘Snark’ actually might be. There is similar disagreement about the ways in which contemporary universities should be led and managed, and few writers move beyond broad generalisations for action. This is particularly truc for writers analysing higher education from the perspectives of sociological analyses (eg. Meek & Wood 1997) political economy, and institutional theory perspectivcs (eg. Marginson & Considine 2000). Building on recent research by Poole (2000, 2001a), the paper charts current understandings of university governance and leadership, identifies research gaps, and begins to explore how apparently dichotomous managerial choices may be reconciled by university leaders confronting the complexities of managing the enterprise university.To seek it with thimbles, to seek it with careTo pursue it with forks and hopeTo threaten its life with a railway-shareTo charm it with smiles and soap!For the Snark's a peculiar creature that won'tBe caught in a commonplace way.Do all that you know, and try all that you don't:Not a chance must be wasted today!(Carroll 1973)
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Poole, David, and Bob Robertson. "Hunting the Snark or Leading with Purpose? Managing the Enterprise University." Journal of the Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management 9, no. 3 (January 2003): 8–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2003.9.3.8.
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ABSTRACTIn Lewis Carroll's classic poem, ‘The Hunting of the Snark’, there is little understanding about what a ‘Snark’ actually might be. There is similar disagreement about the ways in which contemporary universities should be led and managed, and few writers move beyond broad generalisations for action. This is particularly truc for writers analysing higher education from the perspectives of sociological analyses (eg. Meek & Wood 1997) political economy, and institutional theory perspectivcs (eg. Marginson & Considine 2000). Building on recent research by Poole (2000, 2001a), the paper charts current understandings of university governance and leadership, identifies research gaps, and begins to explore how apparently dichotomous managerial choices may be reconciled by university leaders confronting the complexities of managing the enterprise university.To seek it with thimbles, to seek it with careTo pursue it with forks and hopeTo threaten its life with a railway-shareTo charm it with smiles and soap!For the Snark's a peculiar creature that won'tBe caught in a commonplace way.Do all that you know, and try all that you don't:Not a chance must be wasted today!(Carroll 1973)
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Boyd, Alan, Rachael Addicott, Ruth Robertson, Shilpa Ross, and Kieran Walshe. "Are inspectors’ assessments reliable? Ratings of NHS acute hospital trust services in England." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 22, no. 1 (October 5, 2016): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819616669736.
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The credibility of a regulator could be threatened if stakeholders perceive that assessments of performance made by its inspectors are unreliable. Yet there is little published research on the reliability of inspectors’ assessments of health care organizations’ services. Objectives We investigated the inter-rater reliability of assessments made by inspectors inspecting acute hospitals in England during the piloting of a new regulatory model implemented by the Care Quality Commission (CQC) during 2013 and 2014. Multi-professional teams of inspectors rated service provision on a four-point scale for each of five domains: safety; effectiveness; caring; responsiveness; and leadership. Methods In an online survey, we asked individual inspectors to assign a domain and a rating to each of 10 vignettes of service information extracted from CQC inspection reports. We used these data to simulate the ratings that might be produced by teams of inspectors. We also observed inspection teams in action, and interviewed inspectors and staff from hospitals that had been inspected. Results Levels of agreement varied substantially from vignette to vignette. Characteristics such as professional background explained only a very small part of the variation. Overall, agreement was higher on ratings than on domains, and for groups of inspectors compared with individual inspectors. A number of potential causes of disagreement were identified, such as differences regarding the weight that should be given to contextual factors and general uncertainty about interpreting the rating and domain categories. Conclusion Groups of inspectors produced more reliable assessments than individual inspectors, and there is evidence to support the utility of appropriate discussions between inspectors in improving reliability. The reliability of domain allocations was lower than for ratings. It is important to define categories and rating levels clearly, and to train inspectors in their use. Further research is needed to replicate these results now that the model has been fully implemented, and to understand better the impact that inspector uncertainty and disagreement may have on published CQC ratings.
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Astashov, Alexander B. "ENGINEERING PROJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING WORLD WAR I INUNDATION OF RIVERS. PLANS AND REALITY." History and Archives, no. 3 (2021): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2021-3-43-53.
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World War I, as a total conflict, was accompanied by various manifestations of the barbarization of hostilities. One of the topical issues of the world confrontation is its impact on the ecology of the region of military conflict. Written on the basis of archival materials for the first time used in studying, the article traces the policy of the military leadership on the use of water resources during the war. Various plans and measures for flooding areas in the system of passive and active defense in different points of the theater of military operations are analyzed: in the defense of fortresses, construction of barriers on rivers to prevent their forcing, attempts to use river barriers for flooding of entire cities. The work studies the reasons for the successes and failures of such plans. In particular detail it does so in the context of the plan to flood the rivers of Polesye, which was the largest reservoir of water resources in the western borderlands of Russia in a strategic region of historical confrontation between Russia and its western neighbors. The article concludes that there was a serious disagreement between the military and civilian authorities on the issue of the detrimental effects of river flooding to the agriculture, population, and ecology of the area, including in the postwar perspective, which forced the military leadership to adopt a moderate defense plan for swamping the area. In the course of using water resources, the Russian army managed to avoid the barbarization of military actions, including flooding large contingents of the enemy, limiting itself to moderate measures of impact on the ecology of the region and remaining within the limits of humanity, as far as total war permitted.
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Astashov, Alexander B. "ENGINEERING PROJECTS OF THE RUSSIAN ARMY DURING WORLD WAR I INUNDATION OF RIVERS. PLANS AND REALITY." History and Archives, no. 3 (2021): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2658-6541-2021-3-43-53.
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World War I, as a total conflict, was accompanied by various manifestations of the barbarization of hostilities. One of the topical issues of the world confrontation is its impact on the ecology of the region of military conflict. Written on the basis of archival materials for the first time used in studying, the article traces the policy of the military leadership on the use of water resources during the war. Various plans and measures for flooding areas in the system of passive and active defense in different points of the theater of military operations are analyzed: in the defense of fortresses, construction of barriers on rivers to prevent their forcing, attempts to use river barriers for flooding of entire cities. The work studies the reasons for the successes and failures of such plans. In particular detail it does so in the context of the plan to flood the rivers of Polesye, which was the largest reservoir of water resources in the western borderlands of Russia in a strategic region of historical confrontation between Russia and its western neighbors. The article concludes that there was a serious disagreement between the military and civilian authorities on the issue of the detrimental effects of river flooding to the agriculture, population, and ecology of the area, including in the postwar perspective, which forced the military leadership to adopt a moderate defense plan for swamping the area. In the course of using water resources, the Russian army managed to avoid the barbarization of military actions, including flooding large contingents of the enemy, limiting itself to moderate measures of impact on the ecology of the region and remaining within the limits of humanity, as far as total war permitted.
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Fichera, Giulia, Isolde Martina Busch, Michela Rimondini, Raffaella Motta, and Chiara Giraudo. "Is Empowerment of Female Radiologists Still Needed? Findings of a Systematic Review." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 4 (February 5, 2021): 1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041542.
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Considering that radiology is still a male-dominated specialty in which men make up more than two thirds of the workforce, this systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the current role of women in radiological imaging, focusing on the main aspects such as career progression, leadership, academic practice, and perceived discrimination. Three electronic databases were searched up to 21 October 2020. To identify additional records, weekly automatic email alerts were set up on PubMed until December 2020 and reference lists of key studies and included papers were screened. Two reviewers independently performed the search, study selection, quality appraisal, data extraction, and formal narrative synthesis. In case of disagreement, a third reviewer was involved. Across the 61 included articles, women worked more often part-time and held fewer positions of power in hospitals, on editorial boards, and at the academic level (associate and full professors). Women were less often in relevant positions in scientific articles, had fewer publications, and had a lower H-index. Discrimination and sexual harassment were experienced by up to 40% and 47% of female radiologists, respectively. Our study highlights that women in radiology are still underrepresented and play a marginal role in the field, struggling to reach top and leading positions.
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Mak, Anita S., and Tamara L. Shaw. "Perceptions of Intercultural Social Challenges: Towards Culturally Competent Counselling Practice." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 25, no. 2 (July 2, 2015): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2015.13.
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Increasing ethnic and cultural diversity worldwide and especially in Australia requires that psychologists and counsellors cultivate the knowhow to interact and work effectively with clients and stakeholders in cross-cultural contexts. This study aimed to identify and compare themes regarding challenging intercultural social scenarios experienced by supervising, practising and intern psychologists. Transcripts from five focus groups were open-coded on four occasions and the final themes compared with the EXCELL (Excellence in Cultural Experiential Learning and Leadership) program's six key sociocultural competencies (Mak, Westwood, Barker, & Ishiyama, 1998). We found that many challenges reported by psychologists (regardless of their qualifications) were related to difficulties — for psychologists and clients — in executing one or more of key sociocultural competencies: seeking help or information, participating in a group, making social contact, giving feedback, refusing a request, and expressing disagreement. We also identified barriers to cultural competence in therapeutic relationships, including cultural identity issues, needing to address difficulties in intimate relationships, cultural variation in values/beliefs/social norms, mismatched expectations, psychologists’ perceived deficit in intercultural training, and challenges in self-reflection. Based on our findings, we propose a model of culturally competent counselling practice and discuss implications for counsellor and psychologist training, and for future research.
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Milani, Tommaso M., and Scott Burnett. "Queer counterpoints: Making ‘mistakes’ in loveLife’s ‘Make Your Move’." Sexualities 24, no. 1-2 (March 11, 2020): 67–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460719896971.
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Drawing upon queer theory and Said’s notion of the counterpoint, the article analyses the launch episode of a reality television series produced by the South African NGO loveLife, which focused on a young, self-identified lesbian woman in Soweto. We offer a counter example to discourses of the powerless victimhood of Black, gender and sexually non-normative individuals in South African townships. We unveil contrapuntally the pushes and pulls between the voice of the authoritative facilitator, aligned with loveLife’s HIV-prevention and youth leadership development methodology, and that of the young woman herself, who volunteered for the intervention, focusing on their disagreement on how best to ‘accommodate’ the prevailing social norms of contemporary South Africa. We also discuss the counterpoint between us – a discourse analyst observing the effects of particular articulations on South African society related to loveLife’s social aims, and the producer of the episode, charged with the protection of the NGO’s brand identity. We conclude that norms governing gender and sexuality in a rapidly evolving society such as South Africa’s are best understood as presenting analysis with dilemmas and contradictions, and that contrapuntal reading is a valuable tool for bringing these tensions under scrutiny without succumbing to the urge to resolve them.
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Biag, Al D. "Testing the comparability and interpretability of the revised professional practice environment scale – Filipino version." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 12, no. 6 (February 21, 2022): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v12n6p31.
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Background and aims: The Revised Professional Practice Environment (RPPE) Scale is a 39-item four Likert scale-rated questionnaire. The US-based Massachusetts General Hospital developed it as a measure of nurses’ leadership and autonomy over practice, relationship with physicians, control over practice, communication about patients, teamwork, handling of disagreement and conflict, internal work motivation, and cultural sensitivity. The RPPE Scale has been translated into several languages but Filipino. The aim of this paper was to translate the RPPE Scale to the Filipino language in order to establish an initial evidence for construct equivalence between it and the original version.Methods: Methodological design was used in the study following a four-step translation process. The data collection commenced in 2020.Results: The RPPE scale was subjected to forward translation in Filipino language. It was then back translated into English after which the conceptual equivalence was determined for similarity of translation and comparability of interpretation. The results based on weighted means were highly similar and highly comparable.Conclusions: The RPPE-Filipino version demonstrated an acceptable evidence of language- and culture-specificity that is sufficiently robust for use in Philippine setting. The existence of an instrument that is comparable and similar to the original RPPE Scale paves the way for initiating nursing staff development programs that are based on the tenets of professional practice environment.
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Othman, Abdullah Hazaa, Oleg Evgenievich Grishin, and Bakil Hasan Nasser Ali. "The Conflict Wings in the Saudi Political System." Journal of Politics and Law 13, no. 3 (August 17, 2020): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v13n3p64.
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A marginal and bloody nature has characterized the struggle between the Saudi family members over the ruling regime since its first date. For the sake of governance, interests, and influence, alliances, disputes, and conflicts arose between the wings of the Saudi family and the liquidations that started since the establishment of Saudi Arabia and are still taking place today. King Abdulaziz liquidated leadership army, which contributed to the concentration of his rule, in the Battle of Al-Sabla. There is a conflict of wings between family members that reached the level of the coup, as happened with King Saud at the hands of his sisters, and to the killing, as happened with King Faisal at the hands of his nephew Faisal bin Musaed. The conflict and disagreement between the members of Al Saud have renewed since the first and second Saudi states and the current one. They expanded at present due to the abundance of money and influence by the control of a wing at the expense of other sides, the existence of a class between family members, and the secretion of the current conflict with the emergence of new leaders, the Saudi arena. The young men belong to the generation of the grandsons of the founding King, who eventually took control of the Saudi rule.
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Claridge, Tanya, Dianne Parker, and Gary Cook. "Investigating the Attitudes of Health-Care Professionals towards the Use of Integrated Care Pathways in a District General Hospital: A Thematic Analysis of Focus Group Discussion." Journal of integrated Care Pathways 9, no. 2 (August 2005): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/147322970500900203.
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Context: Integrated care pathways (ICPs) are an increasingly common approach to the standardization and integration of health-care practice in the NHS. They delineate interdisciplinary critical decision points and evidence-based daily treatment regimens for patients in specific disease groups. ICP champions assert that they have the potential to decrease medical errors, increase the accuracy of data capture, increase the efficiency of personnel and ultimately improve the quality of patient care. Despite the theoretical benefits of ICP use, there was anecdotal evidence of staff unease and audit evidence of variable compliance with ICPs at a district general hospital (DGH). Objective: This focus group study was one of the three interdependent methodologies used to investigate the attitudes of health-care professionals towards ICPs in a DGH. It was anticipated that thematic analysis of the focus group discussion would facilitate further the interpretation of qualitative data already analysed in a previous phase of the project, and inform the development of a survey questionnaire investigating the attitudes of the health-care professionals towards ICPs. Design: Ten focus groups comprising on average, six health-care professionals were conducted. The staff involved included doctors, nurses, professions allied to medicine, a member of the Community Health Council and non-clinical managers. The focus groups included staff with a range of seniority and speciality. Results: Analysis of the data achieved facilitated the confirmation and identification of themes underpinning the focus group discussion. These are reported here and illustrated by representative quotations. Conclusion: The focus group study provided a valuable insight into the attitudes regarding ICPs of over 60 health-care professionals. The themes identified were used to facilitate the development of a survey questionnaire to explore them in a quantifiable way. Focus group methodology proved to be a useful way to explore emerging issues in depth, and to observe areas of disagreement among staff.
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Fry-Bowers, Eileen K. "A Matter of Conscience: Examining the Law and Policy of Conscientious Objection in Health Care." Policy, Politics, & Nursing Practice 21, no. 2 (May 2020): 120–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527154420926156.
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Conscientious objection refers to refusal by a health care provider (HCP) to provide certain treatments, including the standard of care, to a patient based upon the provider’s personal, ethical, or religious beliefs. Federal and state rules regarding conscientious objection have expanded the scope of legal protections that HCPs and institutions can invoke in support of refusal. Opponents of these rules argue that allowing refusal of care deprives patients of care that conforms to professionally established guidelines, contradicts long-standing principles related to informed consent, interferes with the ability of health care facilities to provide safe and efficient care, and leaves the patient without means of redress for injury. Proponents respond that such rules are necessary to preserve the moral integrity of providers, including institutions. Although refusal rules are most often associated with abortion, some HCPs have cited moral concerns regarding contraception, sterilization, prevention/treatment of sexually transmitted infections, transition-related care for transgender individuals, medication-assisted treatment of substance use disorders, the use of artificial reproductive technologies, and patient preferences for end-of-life care. Evidence suggests that the burden of conscientious refusal falls disproportionately on vulnerable populations, and legitimate concern exists that moral disagreement is merely pretext for discrimination. A careful balance must be struck between the defending the conscience rights of HCPs and the civil rights of patients.