Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lead-zinc ore

Academic literature on the topic 'Lead-zinc ore'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Lead-zinc ore"

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Xie, Xian, Kai Hou, Xiong Tong, Xiao Wang, and Zheng Bin Deng. "Experimental Research on Lead-Zinc Separation of Refractory Lead-Zinc Ore." Advanced Materials Research 886 (January 2014): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.886.55.

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A complex lead-zinc sulfide ore from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China, was subjected to this work. Research on mineral processing was conducted according to the properties of the lead-zinc ore. The lead minerals are successfully separated from the zinc minerals with the combination of collectors. Compared to CuSO4, new reagent X-43 as zinc activator shows its advantage in marmatite flotation. With the process utilized in this work, a lead concentrate of 59.67% Pb with a recovery of 78.69% and a zinc concentrate of 50.99% Zn with a recovery of 81.98% are produced. The silver recovery in the lead concentrate is 56.76% while the indium recovery in the zinc concentrate is 42.60%.
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Chen, Xiao Qing, Jin Zhong Yang, Yi Lin Mao, and Wei Ping Yan. "Study on Mineral Processing Technology of Unutilizable Lead-Zinc Mixed Ore." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.993.

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The detailed research and analysis of ore properties was conducted on a certain unutilizable lead-zinc mixed ore in Yunnan, China, and in view of the ore properties, the sulfide ore and oxidized ore were graded, separated and enriched respectively, correspondingly, zinc concentrate, lead-zinc concentrate and lead oxide concentrate were produced, in addition, associated silver mineral was enriched in lead-zinc concentrate and lead oxide concentrate. On the basis of mineral separation technology study of polymetallic ore, the complex and inseparable lead-zinc ore and its associated mineral resources were recovered and utilized comprehensively.
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Wang, Shan, Jian Jun Fang, Ying Bo Mao, and Ya Wen. "Study on Flotation Technology of Refractory Oxide Lead-Zinc Ore in Huize." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3506.

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Huize oxidized lead-zinc ore contains 1.53% Pb, 16.67% Zn, and the oxidation rate of lead reaches up to 95.07%, zinc is 85.27%, belongs to high-zinc but low-lead oxidized lead-zinc ore. According to the characters of ore, the technology that lead prior to zinc and desliming in oxidized zinc flotation has been adopted, as well as combined modifiers, ideal performance that grade and recovery of lead concentrate reaching to 51.61% and 62.54% respectively, and zinc concentrate reaching to 38.90% and 70.22% respectively has been obtained.
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Dergachev, A. L. "Global factors of lead-zinc ore formation." Moscow University Bulletin. Series 4. Geology, no. 4 (August 28, 2019): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33623/0579-9406-2019-4-3-10.

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Tectonic evolution of the Earth is a principle global factor responsible for uneven distribution of lead and zinc reserves in geological time. Cyclic changes in productivity of lead-zinc ore-formation processes resulted from periodical amalgamation of most blocks of continental crust, formation, stabilization and final break-up of supercontinents. Many features of age spectrums of lead and zinc reserves are caused by gradual increase of volume of continental crust resulting from accretion of island arcs to ancient cratons, widening of distribution of ensialic environments of ore-formation and increasing role of continental crust in magmatic processes.
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Yang, Xiao Feng, Quan Jun Liu, and Rong Dong Deng. "Study on High Oxidation Rate Refractory Ore of Lanping." Advanced Materials Research 912-914 (April 2014): 505–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.912-914.505.

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Lanping County of Yunnan has a difficult used ore of high oxidation rate lead-zinc, lead mainly include cerusite, followed by galena, a small amount of phosphorus (arsenic) lead and lead chloride (iron) alum; Zinc mainly include hemimorphite,a small amount of sphalerite. grade of lead is 6.83% , zinc 4.95% , lead oxide ratio is 91.74%, zinc 98.76%, so the ore is a high oxidation rate of refractory lead-zinc.Through extensive testing, ultimately used flotation process.Through the closed-process,lead concentrate’s grade is 44.98%, zinc 1.95% , recovery of lead is 72.62%;zinc’s concentrate grade is 21.20%, lead 2.50%, zinc’s recovery is 69.53%, the experiment has a good result.
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Hu, Ting, Quan Jun Liu, Rong Dong Deng, and Feng Hong Ye. "Separation Test of Refractory Lead-Zinc Ore from Myanmar." Advanced Materials Research 560-561 (August 2012): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.560-561.447.

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The paper recovered the lead and zinc from a refractory oxide lead-zinc ore. The grade of lead is 3.97%, with the oxidation rate of 50%.The grade of zinc is 3.37%, with the oxidation rate of 10%.The test made the lead-zinc sulphide flotation first, depressing the zinc mineral and floating the lead mineral, then selected the oxide of lead by sulfidation. The experiment got the best pharmacy system by comparing the species and amount of agent. As a result, the lead sulphide concentrate with a grade of 45.32% and the recovery of 44.86%, the zinc concentrate with a grade of 50.19% and the recovery of 81.23%, the lead oxide concentrate with a grade of 50.37% and the recovery of 45.64% were obtained. Three products had received good indicators, and the issue of lead and zinc interacted with each other had been resolved.
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Yang, Jun Long, Quan Jun Liu, Yan Hua Guo, Mei Guang Jiang, and Hong Xiao. "Study of Lead Flotation Test in Oxide Lead-Zinc Ore." Advanced Materials Research 634-638 (January 2013): 3484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.634-638.3484.

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This paper studied an technological process of recovery of Pb and Zn from a difficult to choose high oxidation Lead –Zinc deposit. By mineralogy process study shown, the run-of-mine grade of Lead was 4.09%, with the oxidation rate of 88.26%. The optimal grinding fineness was about to 85.68%. Use the best reagent combination which obtained by condition test, the final results was that the grade of Lead concentrate was 35.6% and the recovery rate was 78.73%, included silver 564 g/t; the grade of the Zinc concentrate was 42.50%, and the recovery rate is 83.65%.
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Xiao, Hong, Quan Jun Liu, Mei Guang Jiang, and Jun Long Yang. "Research of Refractory Oxidized Lead-Zinc Ore in Lanping." Advanced Materials Research 581-582 (October 2012): 1110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.581-582.1110.

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The lead-zinc mine is a low grade of refractory oxide mineral. The grade of lead is 2.84%, with the oxidation rate of 90.95%.The grade of zinc is 3.223%, and with the oxidation rate of 87.9%.The grade of silver is 99.5g/t.This test used the silver-lead sulphide flotation at first, then depressing zinc oxide and floating lead oxide mineral. As a result, in silver-lead sulphide concentrate, the silver grade for 1180 g/t, lead 11.45%. Lead and silver recovery rate were 18.41% and 51.14% respectively. Lead oxide concentrate grade is 32.59%, and the silver is 518g/t. Lead and silver recovery rate were 68.34% and 29.18%. Zinc oxide concentrate grade is 32.65%, including 1.14% lead; zinc recovery rate is 80.11%.
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Zeng, Shu Qin, Xiao Lin Zhang, Dian Wen Liu, and Zhi Chong Wei. "Technology Study on Sichuan Refractory Lead-Zinc Ore." Advanced Materials Research 532-533 (June 2012): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.532-533.115.

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Rude ores, which were collected from two lead-zinc oxide ore deposits in Sichuan province, are very difficult to process with low grade and uneven mineral dissemination. It is very difficult to separate valuable minerals from gangue minerals, especially for the recovery of lead and zinc minerals. On the basis of mineral characteristic study, author studied flotation technology on lead-zinc mineral, and gained satisfactory concentrate indicator by stage-grinding: the lead concentrate with a grade of 52.45 percents and a recovery of 79.30 percents and the zinc concentrate with a grade of 35.26 percents and a recovery of 87.57 percents .
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Liu, Si Qing, Wan Ping Wang, Bao Xu Song, and Min Zhang. "Present Situation on Beneficiation of Lead-Zinc Oxide Ore." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 1017–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.1017.

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With the exhausting of lead–zinc sulphide ores, the recovery of lead-zinc oxide ores becomes more and more significant. Extensive work has been carried out at home and abroad on the treatment of lead and zinc oxide ores in reagent scheme, flotation flowsheets, and joint process. Sliming is one of the main reasons why the lead-zinc oxides are difficult to recover. Eliminating the influence of slime and strengthening the study of joint process are the main development trends in future work.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lead-zinc ore"

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Tong, Yan. "Technical amenability study of laboratory-scale sensor-based ore sorting on a Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc ore." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/43411.

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Automatic sensor-based sorting is a clean preconcentration technique that can be used to separate valuable ore rock from waste rock based on the difference of the detected physical properties. This research evaluated the amenabilities of a Mississippi Valley type lead-zinc ore sample from Pend Oreille Mine to X-ray Fluorescence Sorting, X-ray Transmission Sorting, Optical Sorting and Microwave-Infrared Sorting using laboratory-scale bench-top sensing systems. A methodology for laboratory-scale quick evaluation of the amenability of an ore sample to automatic sensor-based sorting using bench-top sensor systems was generated as reference for future study. The preliminary testwork results showed that the two X-ray methods exhibited the best sorting results. About 37.7%~52.8% of the feed mass could be rejected as waste while above 95% of the lead and zinc was recovered in the product. The sorting feed (-37.5+26.5 mm) could be upgraded by a factor of 1.5~2. The optical sorting method seemed not as effective as the X-ray methods. Only 18.8% of the sorting test feed (-37.5+26.5 mm) was rejected to maintain above 95% metal recovery in the product. The test feed was upgraded by a factor of 1.2. Microwave-Infrared sorting results demonstrated that carbonate gangue mineral does not heat when exposed to microwave heating, while lead-zinc bearing sulfide does. Factors such as particle size, heating time and quantity of particles being heated at a time would influence microwave heating of rocks. Sorting feed of -19+13.2 mm presented the best segregation results after 10s of microwave heating. Above 95% of lead and zinc was recovered in a mass yield of 70% to the product. The test feed was upgraded by a factor of 1.4. The preconcentrate of X-ray Fluorescence sorting had a bond work index 12% smaller than that of the feed ore. The overall metal (lead and zinc) recoveries and grades in the flotation products were also improved after XRF sorting. The costs of both the grinding and the flotation reagent could also be reduced due to the reduction of the feed mass by rejecting the dolomitic gangue minerals up to 50%.
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Anderson, Iain Kerr. "Ore depositional processes in the formation of the Navan zinc/lead deposit, Co. Meath, Ireland." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1990. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23503.

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Stalder, Marcel. "Petrology and mineral chemistry of sulphide ores and associated metalliferous rocks of the Gamsberg Zn-Pb deposit, South Africa : implications for ore genesis and mineral exploration." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16072.

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Thesis (PhD)--University of Stellenbosch, 2004.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Gamsberg Zn-Pb deposit is a metamorphosed and multiply deformed sediment-hosted base metal deposit in the central Namaqua Province of South Africa. The deposit is hosted by the Bushmanland Group, a late Palaeoproterozoic (2000-1600 Ma) supracrustal succession of quartzite, metapelitic schist and interbedded metavolcanic rocks. Mineralisation occurs within the central part of the Gams Formation, a heterogeneous sequence of metamorphosed metalliferous sediments and fine-grained organic-rich shales. The ore horizon is subdivided into a lower unit of metapelite-hosted ore, an intermediate layer of phosphorite-hosted ore, and an upper unit of banded garnet-apatite ore. The ore body is enveloped by unmineralised silicate-, carbonate- and oxide-facies metalliferous rocks, which originally represented mixtures of Fe-Mn-rich hydrothermal precipitates, authigenic carbonate, and variable concentrations of detrital material. Based on mineralogical and geochemical characteristics, the metalliferous host rocks are subdivided into iron formations, coticules, Fe-Mn silicates, impure marbles and barite/Ba-rich quartzite. Minerals of the Gams Formation mostly represent solid solution between the Fe and Mn end-members of garnet, pyroxene, pyroxenoid, amphibole, olivine, spinel and ilmenite. Calcium-rich rock types are a typical feature and characterized by the occurrence of manganoan calcite, clinopyroxene, andradite-rich garnet and titanite. A successive increase in the (Mn+Ca):Fe value of rocks and minerals is evident with increasing distance from the ore horizon. Amphibole is restricted to Fe-rich ore-bearing assemblages, whereas orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, Fe-rich pyroxenoid and olivine are present in intermediate assemblages, and Mn-rich rhodonite and pyroxmangite in the most manganiferous assemblages. These variations are mimicked by an increase in the Mn:Fe value of coexisting garnet and ilmenite group minerals with increasing distance from ore. LA-ICP-MS analyses have been used to constrain the REE patterns of garnet and apatite. In the ore-body, these minerals display a positive Eu anomaly, which is interpreted to reflect a distinct hydrothermal signature. In contrast, garnet and apatite in unmineralised metalliferous rocks display nil or a negative Eu anomaly. Primary features of the Gams Formation, such as REE patterns, the banded nature of garnet-apatite ore, the presence of diagenetic apatite nodules, and the distribution of the redox-sensitive elements Ba and Mn have been used to constrain palaeo-environmental conditions. The results indicate that metapelitehosted ore has been deposited in a stratified ocean that was characterised by anoxic bottom waters and precipitation of Fe and Zn sulphides into organic matter-rich shales. These rocks were superceded by phosphorite-hosted ore, garnet-apatite ore and metalliferous host rocks that developed in a suboxic to oxic environment. The large size of the deposit, the internal lamination of the ores and the predominance of sphalerite and barite are consistent with a vent-distal setting and precipitation of the ore-forming constituents from dense and reduced hydrothermal fluids, which originated due to reactivation of dormant growth faults. Collectively, the geological evidence indicates that Gamsberg is bridging the gap betweenthe SEDEX and BHT classifications. The relationships demonstrate that differences between these two classes of sediment-hosted Zn-Pb deposits are predominantly related to environmental conditions within localised third order basins and not to fundamental differences in ore-forming processes.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Gamsberg Zn-Pb afsetting is ‘n meerfasig vervormde en gemetamorfiseerde sedimentgesetelde onedel metaal afsetting in die sentrale Namakwa Provinsie van Suid Afrika. Die afsetting word geherberg deur die Boesmanland Groep, ‘n laat Paleoproterosoïse (2000 – 1600 Ma) bokors-opeenvolging van kwartsiet, metapelitiese skis en tussengelaagde metavulkaniese gesteente. Mineralisasie word gevind in the sentrale deel van die Gams Formasie. Die Gams Formasie is ‘n heterogene opeenvolging van gemetamorfiseerde metaalhoudende sediment en fynkorrelrige organiese skalie. Die erts horison word onderverdeel in ‘n onderste laag van metapeliet-gesetelde erts, n sentrale laag van fosforiet-gesetelde erts, en ‘n boonste laag van gebande granaat-apatiet erts. Die erts-liggaam word omhuls deur ongemineraliseerde silikaat-, karbonaat- en oksied-fasies metal-ryke rotse. Hierdie gesteentes word geinterpreteer as oorspronklike mengsels van Fe-Mn-ryke hidrotermale partikels, outigeniese karbonaat, en verskeie hoeveelhede detritale materiaal. Gebaseer op mineralogiese en geochemiese kenmerke word hierdie rotse onderverdeel in ysterformasies, „coticules“, Fe-Mn silikate, onsuiwer marmer en barite/Ba-ryke kwartsiet. Minerale van die Gams Formasie form meestal soliede oplossingsreekse tussen die Fe en Mn endlede van granaat, pirokseen, piroksenoid, amfibool, olivien, spinel en ilmeniet. Kalsium-ryke rots tipes is ‘n tipiese kenmerk van die Gams Formasie en word gekenmerk deur mangaan-ryke kalsiet, klinopirokseen, andradiet-ryke granaat en sfeen. Daar word ‘n stapsgewyse vergroting van die (Mn+Ca):Fe verhouding in gesteentes en minerale gevind met toeneemende afstand van die erts horison. Amfibool is beperk tot Fe-ryke ertsdraende gesteentes, ortopirokseen, klinopirokseen, Fe-ryke piroksenoid en olivien tot intermediêre gesteentes, en Mn-ryke rodoniet en piroksmangiet tot Mn-ryke gesteentes. Hierdie variasies gaan gepaard met vergroting van die Mn:Fe verhouding in granaat en ilmeniet-groep minerale met toeneemende afstand van die erts. LA-ICP-MS analises was gebruik om die skaars-aarde element patrone van granaat en apatiet te bepaal. In die erts-liggaam wys hierdie minerale ‘n positiewe Eu anomalie, wat geinterpreteerd word as ‘n hidrotermale kenmerk. In ongemineraliseerde gasheer gesteentes wys granaat en apatiet geen of ‘n negatiewe Eu anomalie. Primêre kenmerke van die Gams Formasie, soos skaars-aarde patrone, the gebande voorkoms van granaat-apatiet erts, die teenwoordigheid van diagenetiese apatiet knolle, en die verspreiding van die redox-sensitiewe elemente Ba en Mn, was gebruik om afleidings oor die paleo-omgewing te maak. Die resultate het gewys dat metapeliet-gesetelde erts afgeset was onder anoksiese bodem water deur presipitasie van Fe en Zn sulfiedes in organiese skalie. Hierdie erts gaan oor in fosforiet-gesetelde erts, granaat-apatiet erts en metaal-ryke gasheer gesteente wat in ‘n suboksiese tot oksiese omgewing ontstaan het. Die grootte van die afsetting, die interne gelaagdheid van die erts, asook die teenwoordigheid van sfaleriet en bariet dui op ‘n distale omgewing relatief tot die hidrotermale bron en presipitasie van die ertsuit digte en gereduseerde hidrotermale vloeistowwe, wat ontstaan het deur die heraktiveering van rustende groeiverskuiwings. Gesaamentlik bewys die geologiese kenmerke van Gamsberg dat gemetamorfiseerde SEDEX en Broken Hill-tipe mineralisasie binne die perke van ‘n enkele afsetting kan voorkom. Die geologiese verhoudings dui aan dat verskille tussen hierdie twee tipes van sedimentgesetelde afsettings meestal veroorsaak word deur omgewings-toestande binne in gelokaliseerde derde orde komme en nie deur fundamentele verskille in ertsvormende prosesse nie.
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Tchoumou, Martin. "Hydrometallurgie du cuivre en milieu chlorure : attaques de minerais dosages polarographiques des solutions resultant de l'attaque et depot cathodique du cuivre." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13154.

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Etude dans le cadre de l'extraction de cu des minerais de type chalcopyrite. Lors de l'attaque des minerais de type chalcopyrite par des solutions de cu(ii) en milieu fortement chlorure, les metaux presents dans le minerai sous forme de sulfures passent en solution soit partiellement soit en totalite, et s elementaire precipite. Mise au point du dosage polarographique des ions cu, pb, zn et fe dissous. L'electrolyse de solutions a teneur elevee en cu(i) et contenant pb(ii), zn(ii) ou fe(ii) a mis en evidence un phenomene de codeposition de pb avec cu lorsqu'on opere a des densites de courant elevees, tandis que ni zn ni fe ne se codeposent avec cu
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Li, Ning. "Depositional controls and genesis of the Jinding sandstone-hosted Zn-Pb deposit, Yunnan Province, Southwest China /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 1998.
Vita. One folded ill. in pocket. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-235). Available also in a digital version from Dissertation Abstracts.
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Moradi, Saeid. "Hydrometallurgical processing of mixed sulphite-oxide lead and zinc ores." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.549712.

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Mixed sulphide-oxide lead and zinc ores are most often found in the transition, and occasionally in the oxidised, zones of lead-zinc ore bodies. They are of great importance because there are numerous unexploited or abandoned reserves of these ores in the world. However, they present difficulties for conventional mineral processing due to complex mineralogy. In this thesis, the specific problems associated with these types of ores are described and methods for solving these problems, combining economic and technical considerations, are discussed. The results of experiments carried out at laboratory scale are presented, in which the dissolution of a mixed ore sample from the Angouran mine in Iran in sulphuric acid in the absence of oxidants and also the dissolution of the sulphide part of sample in ferric sulphate-sulphuric acid solutions in the absence and presence of other oxidants, i.e. oxygen, potassium permanganate, manganese dioxide and hydrogen peroxide. Fractional factorial experimental designs were used to determine which variables are significant and understand how these variables interact and drive the dissolution processes. Mathematical models are derived from the statistical analyses of the results. The kinetic studies indicate the rate controlling steps in non-oxidative and oxidative leaching are: diffusion of products back to the exterior surface of oxidised zinc minerals, and diffusion of ferric ions through the layer of elemental sulphur surrounding the sphalerite particles to the surface of the unreacted core of sphalerite particles, respectively. The dissolution of significant minerals in the ore sample, i.e. smithsonite, hemimorphite, sphalerite, cerussite, mimetite and kehoite during non-oxidative and oxidative leaching at optimal conditions were investigated by the XRD method. The results show the feasibility of zinc recovery from mixed sulphide-oxide lead and zinc ores, which underlines the potential of this approach. A conceptual flow diagram for the hydrometallurgical processing of these ores is proposed.
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Lardeau, Maria. "Mineralogie et petrogenese du minerai sulfure du gisement volcano-sedimentaire a zn-cu-ba-(pb-ag) de chessy-les-mines (rhone) : application a l'etude des amas sulfures metamorphises." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2053.

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L'etude petrogenetique des minerais de chessy-les-mines a permis de preciser la nature de la mineralisation et l'etude des deformations, de retracer l'evolution geologique complexe. Il est apparu que les metamorphismes ont amene une homogeneisation et une purification chimique des mineraux du minerai alors que leur recristallisation lors de la mise en place du granite a entraine un rajeunissement chimique. Cette approche petrogenetique et geochimique renforce la parente genetique entre chessy-les-mines et saint bel
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Latorre, J. J. "Exploration for stratabound copper, lead and zinc deposits in the Damara-Katanga orogen, central-southern Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005558.

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The Damara-Katanga orogen in central-southern Africa represents an area of 1.73xl0⁶ sq. km. The region is considered one of the wealthiest metallogenic provinces in the world. Successful exploration for stratabound base-metal deposits has taken place at this particular area since the introduction of more organised methodology in the early 1920s. The genesis, location and distribution of the ore deposits are related to their tectonic settings. Geodynamic evolution of the orogen, which initially formed part of a complex Pan-African rift system, comprises the following stages rifting; downwarping, including spreading on the western portion; syn-orogeny and late-orogeny. Two major tectonic events in the history of the region have been identified: the Katangan (900-750 Ma) and the Damaran episodes (750-500 Ma). Timing of mineralisation of ore deposits has been related to the evolutionary stages of the orogen. Genetic models of the most productive deposits are briefly discussed in this dissertation. The sedimentological, geochemical, paleogeographic and structural features can be employed as geological guidelines for integrated exploration programmes. Discoveries of major deposits and prospects in the orogen are also summarised, focussing on the exploration methods employed. The cost-effective use of the exploration techniques includes the classical copper-lead-zinc soil sampling for residual soils such as those in the Copperbelt area. Airborne magnetics and electromagnetics and follow-up ground geophysics have proved successful in areas where the cover is transported in the search for shallow ore deposits such as the Matchless massive sulphides. Remote sensing, geochemical and geophysical techniques have been tried in covered areas of western Botswana. The lack of geological control makes this interpretation difficult. A detailed geological mapping and the use of geochemical and geophysical techniques has been used to delineate carbonate-hosted base-metal deposits at the Otavi Land. The more expensive traditional methods necessary for the delineation of orebodies, such as pitting, trenching and drilling, are also discussed. Using a sequential approach, a possible exploration strategy is suggested, outlining the cost-effective use of remote sensing, geochemical and geophysical techniques. Standardisation in basic geological information is required for future successful explorations in the Damara-Katanga orogen, as well as attractive mining policies. In the event of their implementation, exploration perspectives are promising, specifically in terms of ore potential.
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Saba, Mojtaba. "The Extraction Behaviour of Zinc, Lead and Silver from Ores and Concentrates by Glycine Leaching Processes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81907.

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This research covers the fundamental aspects of the direct leaching of sphalerite by considering the dissolution of silver, lead, and copper contents and their effects on the process. The effects of independence variables such as sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, lead nitrate, sodium chloride, dissolved oxygen, temperature, glycine concentration, dissolution time, and particle size on the process were investigated. All the outputs have been modelled and optimised through the analysis of variance.
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CHEN, SONG LING. "Application de la teledetection a la metallogenie de la montagne noire et de l'albigeois (massif central)." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30159.

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Books on the topic "Lead-zinc ore"

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Proceedings of the International Symposium on Lead and Zinc Processing (2005 Kyoto, Japan). Zinc & Lead '05: Proceedings of the International Symposium on Lead and Zinc : Kyoto, Japan, October 17-1924, 2005. Japan: Mining & Materials Processing Institute of Japan, 2005.

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International, Symposium on the Extraction and Applications of Zinc and Lead (1995 Sendai Japan). Zinc & Lead '95: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Extraction and Applications of Zinc and Lead : Sendai, Japan, May 22-24, 1995. [Japan]: The Institute, 1995.

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W. Dan Hausel. Copper, Lead, Zinc, Molybdenum and Associated Metal Deposits of Wyoming. [Laramie, Wyo.]: Wyoming State Geological Survey, 1997.

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McCammon, Richard B. Undiscovered deposits of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc in the conterminous United States. [Reston, Va.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Fuhrer, Gregory J. Extractable cadmium, mercury, copper, lead, and zinc in the Lower Columbia River estuary, Oregon and Washington. Portland, Or: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1986.

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Deredin, Curtis L. Application of the Mechano-Column Flotation Process to the Brunswick Mine's copper-lead-zinc ore. Sudbury, Ont: Laurentian University, School of Engineering, 2002.

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McCammon, Richard B. National mineral-resource assessment: The 1996 estimate of undiscovered gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc remaining in the United States. [Reston, VA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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McCammon, Richard B. National mineral-resource assessment: The 1996 estimate of undiscovered gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc remaining in the United States. [Reston, VA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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McCammon, Richard B. National mineral-resource assessment: The 1996 estimate of undiscovered gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc remaining in the United States. [Reston, VA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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McCammon, Richard B. National mineral-resource assessment: The 1996 estimate of undiscovered gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc remaining in the United States. [Reston, VA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Lead-zinc ore"

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Fletcher, H., and P. Gray. "The Influence of New Technology at Sulphide Ore Mine Sites on Metals Production and Recoveries, with Its Commercial Significance." In Lead-Zinc 2000, 659–76. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118805558.ch43.

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Edwards, Richard, and Keith Atkinson. "Sediment-hosted Copper—Lead—Zinc deposits." In Ore Deposit Geology and its Influence on Mineral Exploration, 215–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-8056-6_6.

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Wellmer, F. W., and E. J. Reeve. "The Toqui Zinc-Lead-Copper-Silver Deposits, Aysén Province, Chile." In Stratabound Ore Deposits in the Andes, 473–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88282-1_36.

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Cedillo, E. "Stratabound Lead-Zinc Deposits in the Jurassic Chaucha Formation, Central Peru." In Stratabound Ore Deposits in the Andes, 537–53. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88282-1_42.

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Gorzawski, H., L. Fontboté, C. W. Field, and R. Tejada. "Sulfur Isotope Studies in the Zinc-Lead Mine San Vicente, Central Peru." In Stratabound Ore Deposits in the Andes, 305–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88282-1_22.

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Li, Cunxiong, Chang Wei, Jiqiang Liao, Zhigan Deng, Hongsheng Xu, Yan Song, Xingbin Li, and Minting Li. "Hydrothermal Sulfidation of Carbonate-Hosted Zinc-Lead Ore with Elemental Sulfur." In 3rd International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing, 67–74. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118364987.ch9.

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Sureda, R. J., and J. L. Martin. "El Aguilar Mine: An Ordovician Sediment-Hosted Stratiform Lead-Zinc Deposit in the Central Andes." In Stratabound Ore Deposits in the Andes, 161–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88282-1_10.

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Gou, Hai-Peng, Kuo-Chih Chou, Zhong-Ye Pei, Song-xuan Chen, Xue-gang Chen, and Ming-chuan Li. "Phase Evolution During the Oxidation Process of Low Grade Lead–Zinc Oxide Ore." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 51–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37070-1_5.

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Wang, Changtao, Runqing Liu, Wei Sun, Yuehua Hu, and Zhangyuan Ni. "A New Innovative Method of Flotation Separation for High Sulfur Lead–Zinc Sulfide Ore." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 625–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37070-1_54.

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Ikenobu, S. "Method for Processing Siliceous Zinc Ores." In Lead-Zinc 2000, 427–36. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118805558.ch27.

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Conference papers on the topic "Lead-zinc ore"

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Richards, Barry Charles. "LEAD-ZINC-SILVER ORE DEPOSITS HOSTED BY CAMBRIAN CARBONATES IN THE SOUTHERN KOOTENAY ARC, SOUTHEAST BRITISH COLUMBIA." In Rocky Mountain Section - 69th Annual Meeting - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017rm-293200.

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Weyer, K. U., and D. H. Adams. "Regional Groundwater Dynamics as a Cause for the Genesis of the Pine Point MVT Lead-Zinc Ore Deposits." In First EAGE / TNO Workshop. Netherlands: EAGE Publications BV, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.201412336.

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Marinescu, Mihai. "MATHEMATICAL DETERMINATION OF THE MEAN VALUES OF ASSESSMENT PARAMETERS OF SOLID MINERAL RESOURCES: AVERAGE THICKNESS FOR A ZINC-LEAD ORE PANEL." In 18th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2018. Stef92 Technology, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2018/1.3/s03.072.

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Pacolay, B. "182. A Comparison of X-Ray Fluorescence and Wet Chemical Analysis of Air Filter Samples from a Lead/Zinc/Silver Ore Concentrator Mill." In AIHce 2006. AIHA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2758893.

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Nakajima, Yasuharu, Joji Yamamoto, Shigeo Kanada, Sotaro Masanobu, Ichihiko Takahashi, Jun Sadaki, Ryosuke Abe, Katsunori Okaya, Seiji Matsuo, and Toyohisa Fujita. "Study on Seafloor Mineral Processing for Mining of Seafloor Massive Sulfides." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83354.

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Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMSs), which were formed by deposition of precipitates from hydrothermal fluids vented from seafloor, has been expected as one of unconventional mineral resources on deep seafloors in the oceans. The authors have proposed the concept of seafloor mineral processing for SMS mining, where valuable minerals contained in SMS ores are separated on seafloor while gangue minerals are disposed on seafloor in appropriate ways. To confirm the applicability of column flotation, which is one of conventional mineral processing methods, to seafloor mineral processing, the authors carried out experiments simulating column flotation under the pressure conditions corresponding to the water depths down to 1000m in maximum using ore samples containing copper, iron, zinc and lead. In the experiments, formation of fine bubbles suitable to flotation and overflow of froth layer were observed at high pressures. The contents of copper and zinc in the concentrates recovered in the experiments at 1MPa were higher than those in the feed ores while the contents of silicon and calcium in the concentrates were lower than those in the feed ores. These results suggest that column flotation would be applicable to seafloor mineral processing.
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Nakajima, Yasuharu, Shotaro Uto, Shigeo Kanada, Joji Yamamoto, Ichihiko Takahashi, Sho Otabe, Jun Sadaki, Katsunori Okaya, Seiji Matsuo, and Toyohisa Fujita. "Concept of Seafloor Mineral Processing for Development of Seafloor Massive Sulfides." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-49981.

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Seafloor Massive Sulfides (SMS), which were formed by deposition of precipitates from hydrothermal fluids vented from seafloor, is one of unconventional mineral resources beneath deep seafloors in the world. The authors have proposed the concept of seafloor mineral processing for development of SMS, where useful minerals included in SMS ores are separated on seafloor to be lifted while the remaining gangue is disposed on seafloor in appropriate ways. To apply column flotation, one of conventional methods in mineral processing, to seafloor mineral processing, the authors carried out simulating experiments of column flotation on deep seafloor using ores including copper, iron, lead and zinc as metallic elements. Prior to the experiments at high pressures, preparatory experiments at the atmospheric pressure were carried out to find out the optimum condition of the properties of pulp, a mixture of feed ore, water and chemical reagents. In flotation experiments at high pressures, formation and overflow of froth layer by bubbling were observed at 1MPa in both of pulps with pure water and artificial seawater. The analytical data showed that the concentration of metallic elements such as copper and zinc in the concentrates recovered from the experiments was higher than that in the feed ores while the concentration of silicon and calcium, which are assigned to gangue, in the concentrates was lower than that in the feed ores. These results suggest that column flotation can be applied to operation on seafloor.
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Nakajima, Yasuharu, Joji Yamamoto, Tomoko Takahashi, Blair Thornton, Yuta Yamabe, Gjergj Dodbiba, and Toyohisa Fujita. "Development of Elemental Technologies for Seafloor Mineral Processing of Seafloor Massive Sulfides." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-96040.

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Abstract Seafloor Massive Sulfides have been expected to be future mineral resources. The grade of valuable metallic elements in ores of Seafloor Massive Sulfides is usually small percentage. If valuable minerals can be extracted from the ores on deep seafloor, the total mining cost can be reduced significantly. The authors proposed Seafloor Mineral Processing, where ores are to be ground into fine particles and separated into concentrates and tailings on seafloor. The Seafloor Mineral Processing system consists of processing units for unit operations such as grinding and separation. To investigate the applicability of flotation, which is a method to separate ore particles by using the difference in wettability of minerals, to the separation unit, measurements of contact angles of sulfide minerals at high pressures were carried out. The results suggested that the contact angles of the minerals would have relationships with pressure in depending on the kind of minerals and solutions. In addition, applying Laser-Induced breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), an optical method for elemental analysis, to measurement of metal grade of ore particles handled as slurry in the processing units was also investigated. Signals assigned to copper, zinc, and lead were successfully detected in the spectra obtained from ore particles in slurry flow.
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Espinasse, Philippe. "Deepsea Pilot SMS Mining System for Harsh Environments." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20477.

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Following the trend of oil and gas production in deep waters, ore mining is about to start in the deep waters of the Pacific Ocean. If the first system will most probably be installed in the quiet though deep waters of Papua New Guinea, other prospects lie in the more turbulent areas of New Zealand and the Tongas. The ore accumulations to be mined are high grade hydrothermal mineral deposits rich in copper, gold, zinc, lead and silver located directly on the seabed. However, the excavation techniques need to be quite different from what had been envisaged for manganese nodules due to the morphology of the deposits. Based on its deep water construction experience, Genesis France, a company of the Technip Group has been contracted to perform a screening study of the various technologies to be applied to cut, crush, lift to the surface and pre-process the massive seabed sulphide deposits in a safe, efficient and profitable manner while minimizing the environmental impact of such work. This paper presents the conceptual screening study, the systems that have been evaluated, the selection criteria and the resulting operating system.
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Valero, Alicia, Antonio Valero, and Inmaculada Arauzo. "Exergy as an Indicator for Resources Scarcity: The Exergy Loss of Australian Mineral Capital — A Case Study." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-13654.

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Over the span of the 20th century, the global demand for metals and minerals has increased dramatically. This is associated with a general trend of declining ore grades from most commodities, meaning higher quantities of ore needed to be processed and thus more energy. Hence, quantifying the loss of mineral capital in terms of mass is not enough since it does not take into account the quality of the minerals in the mine. Exergy is a better indicator than mass because it measures at the same time the three features that describe any natural resource: quantity, composition and a particular concentration. For the sake of better understanding the exergy results, they are expressed in tons of Metal equivalent, tMe, which are analogously defined to tons of oil equivalent, toe. The aim of this paper is 1) to show the methodology for obtaining the exergy loss of mineral resources throughout a certain period of time and 2) to apply it to the Australian case. From the available data of production and ore grade trends of Australian mining history, the tons of Metal equivalent lost, the cumulative exergy consumption, the exergy decrease of the economic demonstrated reserves and the estimated years until depletion of the main base-precious metals are provided, namely: for gold, copper nickel, silver lead and zinc.
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Mizernaya, M., B. Dyachkov, A. Miroshnikova, and A. Mizerny. "INDUSTRIAL TYPES OF GOLD DEPOSITS OF THE EAST KAZAKHSTAN." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/14.

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The East Kazakhstan territory is the unique geologic province where a number of large-scale non-ferrous and gold deposits are concentrated [1]. Gold base metals (gold-containing) type is represented by gold containing sulphide complex deposits. It is characterized by many large-scale commercial deposits of copper, lead and zinc where gold as well as silver, cadmium, platinum, selenium and other elements are the associate component of copper-sulphide and sulphide complex deposits [2]. There are following ore types are distinguished: gold-listvenite type occurs in the Irtysh zone (Maraliha deposit); the gold-sulphide vein-disseminated type associated with island-arc, volcanogenic-carbonate-terrigenous formation С1v2-3 (Suzdalskoye, Baibura, Mirazh, Zhaima); gold-quartzite type is characterized by gold-quartzite-vein deposits in West Kalba zone (Kuludzhun, Sentash, Kazan-Chunkur and others); gold-arsenic-carbon-bearing type is presented by large, middle and small deposits of Bakyrchik’s group (Bakyrchik, Bolshevik, Gluboky Log and others). Last one is formed on middle-Hercynian collision ore-bearing level (С2-С3) [3]. Multiple-stage concentration of gold contributed to formation of very large deposits. Gold content ranges from is 0.2 to 60 g/t, average is 8-9 g/t. Considerable part of gold is found in micro- and nanoparticles, nanotubes containing Au, Ag, Pt, Pd, W, Mo, Sn, Y, Yb, Ta and other elements [
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Reports on the topic "Lead-zinc ore"

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VerMeulen, Holly, Jay Clausen, Ashley Mossell, Michael Morgan, Komi Messan, and Samuel Beal. Application of laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) for environmental, chemical, and biological sensing. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40986.

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The Army is interested in sensors capable of characterizing/monitoring the environment (battlefield or military training ranges) at proximal distances. Recently, we evaluated laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) systems (hand-held, proximal, and bench top) for the characterization of metals (antimony, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc) in soils obtained from military training ranges. We then compared the results to findings obtained with standard field and laboratory instrumentation for metals analysis -X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Inductively Couple Plasma- Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES).
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Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Віліївна Бєлик, Юрій Васильович Лихолат, Герман Хайльмейер, Іван Панасович Григорюк, Ніна Олександрівна Хромих, and Тетяна Юріївна Лихолат. The Total Content of Macronutrients and Heavy Metals in the Soil on Devastated Lands at Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine). Geology-dnu-dp.ua, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4286.

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The relevance of the research is due to the need to develop technologies for phytoremediation of the devastated lands in the mining and metallurgical regions of Ukraine and the world. In this regard, the creation of tree plantations adapted to the ecological conditions of such territories is considered by many experts as the most promising option for innovative technologies. However, the development of artificial woodlands requires knowledge of the pedogeochemical character- istics of devastated lands. The aim of the work was to carry out a comparative analysis of the macronutrients and heavy metals gross forms content in the soils of the devastated lands of the Kryvyi Rih mining and metallurgical region. The field studies focused on five contrasting monitoring sites of the Petrovsky dump (Central Kryvorizhzhya), which has a typical age and composition of rocks for the region. Soil sampling, drying, sieving, and sample preparation (sintering in a muffle furnace) were done in accordance with classical techniques. The concentrations of macronutrients (potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, and phosphorus) and heavy metals (iron, manganese, zinc, copper, lead, and cadmium) were determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP- MS) X-Series 2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). The analytical part of our research was carried out on the basis of the laboratory of the Institute of Biosciences, Freiberg University of Technology and Mining Academy (Freiberg, Germany). At monitoring sites, significant differences were found in the content of macronutrients gross forms, and their variation relative to the control values as well. Potassium and sodium concentrations generally differed slightly or were close to control levels. The results of determining the content of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus indicate a significant deficiency or excess of these macronutrients in the soils of the devastated lands. An increased sulfur content was found in the soils of all monitoring sites, in some cases 4 times higher than the control level. The measured content of gross forms of iron, manganese, copper, cadmium and, partially, zinc in the soils of different monitoring sites exceeded the control values by 5.5 – 5.9 times. Thus, the analysis of the research results made it possible to establish that the soils of the devastated lands of the Petrovsky dump are characterized by unfavorable properties for the growth of most species of woody plants.
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Clausen, Jay, Richard Hark, Russ Harmon, John Plumer, Samuel Beal, and Meghan Bishop. A comparison of handheld field chemical sensors for soil characterization with a focus on LIBS. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43282.

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Commercially available handheld chemical analyzers for forensic applications have been available for over a decade. Portable systems from multiple vendors can perform X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy, and recently laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Together, we have been exploring the development and potential applications of a multisensor system consisting of XRF, Raman, and LIBS for environmental characterization with a focus on soils from military ranges. Handheld sensors offer the potential to substantially increase sample throughput through the elimination of transport of samples back to the laboratory and labor-intensive sample preparation procedures. Further, these technologies have the capability for extremely rapid analysis, on the order of tens of seconds or less. We have compared and evaluated results from the analysis of several hundred soil samples using conventional laboratory bench top inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for metals evaluation and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and Raman spectroscopy for detection and characterization of energetic materials against handheld XRF, LIBS, and Raman analyzers. The soil samples contained antimony, copper, lead, tungsten, and zinc as well as energetic compounds such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene(TNT), hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX), nitroglycerine (NG), and dinitrotoluene isomers (DNT). Precision, accuracy, and sensitivity of the handheld field sensor technologies were compared against conventional laboratory instrumentation to determine their suitability for field characterization leading to decisional outcomes.
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Clausen, Jay, Samuel Beal, Thomas Georgian, Kevin Gardner, Thomas Douglas, and Ashley Mossell. Effects of milling on the metals analysis of soil samples containing metallic residues. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41241.

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Metallic residues are distributed heterogeneously onto small-arms range soils from projectile fragmentation upon impact with a target or berm backstop. Incremental Sampling Methodology (ISM) can address the spatially heterogeneous contamination of surface soils on small-arms ranges, but representative kilogram-sized ISM subsamples are affected by the range of metallic residue particle sizes in the sample. This study compares the precision and concentrations of metals in a small-arms range soil sample processed by a puck mill, ring and puck mill, ball mill, and mortar and pestle prior to analysis. The ball mill, puck mill, and puck and ring mill produced acceptable relative standard deviations of less than 15% for the anthropogenic metals of interest (Lead (Pb), Antimony (Sb), Copper (Cu), and Zinc (Zn)), with the ball mill exhibiting the greatest precision for Pb, Cu, and Zn. Precision by mortar and pestle, without milling, was considerably higher (40% to >100%) for anthropogenic metals. Media anthropogenic metal concentrations varied by more than 40% between milling methods, with the greatest concentrations produced by the puck mill, followed by the puck and ring mill and then the ball mill. Metal concentrations were also dependent on milling time, with concentrations stabilizing for the puck mill by 300 s but still increasing for the ball mill over 20 h. Differences in metal concentrations were not directly related to the surface area of the milled sample. Overall, the tested milling methods were successful in producing reproducible data for soils containing metallic residues. However, the effects of milling type and time on concentrations require consideration in environmental investigations.
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Desiderati, Christopher. Carli Creek Regional Water Quality Project: Assessing Water Quality Improvement at an Urban Stormwater Constructed Wetland. Portland State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/mem.78.

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Stormwater management is an ongoing challenge in the United States and the world at-large. As state and municipal agencies grapple with conflicting interests like encouraging land development, complying with permits to control stormwater discharges, “urban stream syndrome” effects, and charges to steward natural resources for the long-term, some agencies may turn to constructed wetlands (CWs) as aesthetically pleasing and functional natural analogs for attenuating pollution delivered by stormwater runoff to rivers and streams. Constructed wetlands retain pollutants via common physical, physicochemical, and biological principles such as settling, adsorption, or plant and algae uptake. The efficacy of constructed wetlands for pollutant attenuation varies depending on many factors such as flow rate, pollutant loading, maintenance practices, and design features. In 2018, the culmination of efforts by Clackamas Water Environment Services and others led to the opening of the Carli Creek Water Quality Project, a 15-acre constructed wetland adjacent to Carli Creek, a small, 3500-ft tributary of the Clackamas River in Clackamas County, OR. The combined creek and constructed wetland drain an industrialized, 438-acre, impervious catchment. The wetland consists of a linear series of a detention pond and three bioretention treatment cells, contributing a combined 1.8 acres of treatment area (a 1:243 ratio with the catchment) and 3.3 acre-feet of total runoff storage. In this study, raw pollutant concentrations in runoff were evaluated against International Stormwater BMP database benchmarks and Oregon Water Quality Criteria. Concentration and mass-based reductions were calculated for 10 specific pollutants and compared to daily precipitation totals from a nearby precipitation station. Mass-based reductions were generally higher for all pollutants, largely due to runoff volume reduction on the treatment terrace. Concentration-based reductions were highly variable, and suggested export of certain pollutants (e.g., ammonia), even when reporting on a mass-basis. Mass load reductions on the terrace for total dissolved solids, nitrate+nitrite, dissolved lead, and dissolved copper were 43.3 ± 10%, 41.9 ± 10%, 36.6 ± 13%, and 43.2 ± 16%, respectively. E. coli saw log-reductions ranging from -1.3 — 3.0 on the terrace, and -1.0 — 1.8 in the creek. Oregon Water Quality Criteria were consistently met at the two in-stream sites on Carli Creek for E. coli with one exception, and for dissolved cadmium, lead, zinc, and copper (with one exception for copper). However, dissolved total solids at the downstream Carli Creek site was above the Willamette River guidance value 100 mg/L roughly 71% of the time. The precipitation record during the study was useful for explaining certain pollutant reductions, as several mechanisms are driven by physical processes, however it was not definitive. The historic rain/snow/ice event in mid-February 2021 appeared to impact mass-based reductions for all metals. Qualitatively, precipitation seemed to have the largest effect on nutrient dynamics, specifically ammonia-nitrogen. Determining exact mechanisms of pollutant removals was outside the scope of this study. An improved flow record, more targeted storm sampling, or more comprehensive nutrient profiles could aid in answering important questions on dominant mechanisms of this new constructed wetland. This study is useful in establishing a framework and baseline for understanding this one-of-a-kind regional stormwater treatment project and pursuing further questions in the future.
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