Relevant bibliographies by topics / Leaching, extraction

Academic literature on the topic 'Leaching, extraction'

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Published: 4 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Leaching, extraction"

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INTHORN, D., O. LERTSUPOCHAVANICH, S. SILAPANUNTAKUL, D. SUJIRARAT, and B. INTARAPRASONG. "Factors Affecting Lead Leaching from Microwavable Plastic Ware Made with Lead-Containing Pigments." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 7 (July 1, 2002): 1166–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.7.1166.

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Although food contact polymers do not normally contain lead, it is suspected that lead may be leached from some microwavable plastic ware items made in Thailand with lead-containing pigments. The purpose of this study was to examine relationships with regard to lead leached from microwavable plastic ware. Four factors were studied: pH, heat level, extraction time, and number of repeated extractions. A total of 243 samples of microwavable plastic ware items locally manufactured in Thailand were used. This study used three pH values (3.5, 4.5, and 6.5) and three heat levels (levels 3, 6, and 9 [170, 500, and 850 W, respectively]). Acetic acid was used both as the extracting agent and for adjusting the pH. Samples were collected at each level at 1, 3, and 5 min, and the amount of leached lead was measured with an atomic adsorption spectrometer. The results of this study show that pH, heat, and extraction time affected the amount of lead leaching from microwavable plastic ware. The amount of lead leaching increased with decreasing pH but increased with increasing heat level and extraction time. On the basis of these three factors, the results of this study indicate that the pH of the extractant (r = −0.592, P < 0.01), the heat level of extraction (r = 0.293, P < 0.01), the extraction time (r = 0.226, P < 0.01), and the number of extractions (r = −0.153, P < 0.01) are related to lead leaching from microwavable plastic ware. The relationship between the pH of the extractant, the heat level of extraction, and the extraction time significantly moderated lead leaching from microwavable plastic ware (R2 = 0.511, P < 0.001). For all factors, the amount of lead leaching was lower than the permissible level of 1 mg/liter specified by the Minister of Public Health. In conclusion, a combination of high acid, prolonged heating, and extraction time accelerated the amount of lead leaching from microwavable plastic ware, but the incidence of lead leaching was negligible.
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Yang, Ling, and Cheng Zheng. "Optimization of the Technology of Extracting Dihydromyricetin from Ampelopsis by Orthogonal Experimental Design." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 1709–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.1709.

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The optimum extracting condition of dihydromyricetin from ampelopsis was studied. The MAE conditions, such as the extraction solvent volume, extraction temperature, and the period of extraction, were all studied in the orthogonal test. The most suitable conditions for the extractions were showed as follows: the extracting temperature was 95°C,the extracting time was 15min,and the solid-liquid leaching ration was 1:20.
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Cheng, Jun Hua, Jian Zhang, and Di Jiang Wen. "Comparison of Leaching Characteristics of Lead in Waste CRTs." Advanced Materials Research 177 (December 2010): 470–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.177.470.

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This study investigates four extraction methods (water extraction, toxicity characteristics leaching procedure (TCLP), modified TCLP with pH control and sequential chemical extraction (SCE)), each representing different liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios, pH controls, and types of leachant and their effects on the leaching concentration of Pb in cathode ray tubes (CRTs).The results indicated that for extraction with distilled water,the lead leaching concentration (mg/L) decreased with L/S ratio in the range of 2-100. The results also showed that the leaching concentration was strongly pH-dependent in the TCLP and modified TCLP tests. In modified TCLP tests,in the case of pHs lower than 6.3,the leaching concentrations of Pb decreased with an increase in pH. Due to the nature of amphoteric elements, in the case of pHs higher than 7, the Pb leaching concentration increased with increasing pH. In SCE tests, the Pb speciation approached the extractable carbonate bound fraction. Both amounts of Pb leached from the SCE and modified TCLP tests were much higher than those for the regular TCLP and water extraction tests. The initial particle size of samples have great effect on the leachability of Pb from waste CRTs.
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Karimova, L., Y. Kairalapov, T. Tussupbekova, T. Oleinikova, and G. Makasheva. "Hydrometallurgical processing of molybdenum middlings from Shatyrkul-Zhaysan cluster ore." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy, no. 00 (2024): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb230725006k.

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This research investigates the hydrometallurgical processing of molybdenum middlings extracted from copper-molybdenum ore at the Shatyrkul-Zhaysan cluster in Kazakhstan. Molybdenum intermediate product obtained after selective flotation of the copper-molybdenum concentrate was used, with 0.07% yield, 22.23% molybdenum content, and 74.91% extraction. Mineralogical analysis shows molybdenite and chalcopyrite as the main minerals. Experiments study atmospheric leaching with nitric acid in single-stage and two-stage countercurrent modes to optimize molybdenum extraction and reduce acid consumption. The optimal conditions obtained were: 300 g/L nitric acid, 100 g/L sulfuric acid, 90?C temperature, and 2 hours leaching time in single stage leaching, giving 98.8% molybdenum extraction. Two-stage leaching under optimized conditions allows obtaining 94.3% molybdenum extraction in solutions with lower residual acidity (0.89 g-eq/L) and redox potential (550 mV) without reducing valuable component extractions. Molybdenum extraction reaches 94.3% in the subsequent solvent extraction stage from two-stage leaching solutions. The final product, calcium molybdate containing 46.83% molybdenum, meets commercial grade specifications. This research demonstrates an effective process for the hydrometallurgical production of commercial calcium molybdenite from copper-molybdenum ore, with high molybdenum recovery, reduced acid consumption through two-stage leaching, and minimal hazardous discharges.
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Li, Huan, Elsayed Oraby, Jacques Eksteen, and Tanmay Mali. "Extraction of Gold and Copper from Flotation Tailings Using Glycine–Ammonia Solutions in the Presence of Permanganate." Minerals 12, no. 5 (May 12, 2022): 612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050612.

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This study presents the novel idea of a cyanide-free leaching method, i.e., glycine–ammonia leaching in the presence of permanganate, to treat a low-grade and copper-bearing gold tailing. Ammonia played a key role as a pH modifier, lixiviant and potential catalyst (as cupric ammine) in this study. Replacing ammonia with other pH modifiers (i.e., sodium hydroxide or lime) made the extractions infeasibly low (<30%). The increased additions of glycine (23–93 kg/t), ammonia (30–157 kg/t) and permanganate (5–20 kg/t) enhanced gold and copper extractions considerably. Increasing the solids content from 20 to 40% did not make any obvious changes to copper extraction. However, gold leaching kinetics was slightly better at lower solids content. It was indicated that the staged addition of permanganate was unnecessary under the leaching conditions. Recovery of gold by CIL was shown to be feasible, and it improved gold extraction by 15%, but no effect was observed for copper extraction. Percentages of 76.5% gold and 64.5% copper were extracted in 48 h at 20 g/L glycine, 10 kg/t permanganate, 20 g/L carbon, pH 10.5 and 30% solids. Higher extractions could be potentially achieved by further optimization, such as by increasing permanganate addition, extending leaching time and ultra-fine grinding.
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Li, Da Gang, Fu Fang Yuan, Ru Pan Chen, Yun Long Li, Kun Lu Li, and Song Bai Lin. "The Extraction of Polyphenols from Tea Leaves Based on Mechanochemical Methodology and Aqueous Two-Phase System." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 508–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.508.

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In order to extract tea polyphenols (TPs) by water under room temperature, the mechanochemical methodology was used for leaching process, and then TPs was purified from leaching solution by ethanol and ammonium sulfate aqueous two-phase system. The optimum parameters of mechanochemical methodology leaching TPs were determined by response surface methodology (RSM), which optimum parameters were: Na2CO3content 25~27wt%, solid material particle size D9540~45μm, liquid/solid mass ratio55~60, leaching time 16~18min. The TPs leaching rate was 16.46%. When ammonium sulfate mass composition0.2, ethanol mass composition0.35 as the composite of the extraction system, TPs maximum extraction rate was 93.4%. The maximum yield of TPs was 15.25% on the average, with average purity was 96.54% ultimately. Under such technology, water is only solvent used in TPs leaching at room temperature, and aqueous two-phase system extraction system under mild conditions, avoid the use of toxic solvent, is a green technology for extracting TPs.
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Rasskazov, Igor, Artur Sekisov, and Anna Rasskazova. "In-situ leaching of molybdenum and uranium by percarbonate and chloride-hypochlorite solutions." Записки Горного института 256 (November 10, 2022): 623–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31897/pmi.2022.60.

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In-situ leaching of molybdenum and uranium is becoming an increasingly common process. The features of the material composition of ores, leading to a decrease in their filtration properties, were considered. Activation leaching with leaching solutions that have undergone electrophotochemical activation before contact with the ore mass were studied. Activation preparation of leaching solutions promotes the synthesis of clustered water molecules with collectivized protons and hydroxyl ions, as well as active forms of oxygen and hydrogen. Cell leaching of molybdenum from mature tailings of the Shakhtaminsk deposit was studied experimentally. After pre-oxidation with an active carbonate solution, a model borehole leaching was carried out with a chloride-hypochlorite solution. Molybdenum extraction on resin a was 85 % in 30 days. Experiments on the percolation leaching of uranium from the ores of the Uchkuduk and Sugraly deposits confirmed the potential possibility of a significant increase in the extraction of uranium by electrophotoactivated percarbonate solutions relative to aqueous solutions of sodium and ammonium carbonate. When leaching with carbonate solutions without an additional oxidizing agent, the extraction of uranium from the Sugraly deposit ore sample was 52 and 59 % (sodium carbonate and ammonium carbonate). The use of hydrogen peroxide as an oxidizing agent made it possible to achieve 87-88 % extraction into pregnant solutions in 21 days without pre-oxidation. The performed studies confirm the processing capability of extracting uranium and molybdenum by percolation leaching in columns and borehole leaching.
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Wen, Kang, Feng Jiang, Xiangyang Zhou, and Zhaoming Sun. "Recovery of Gallium from Corundum Flue Dust by Two-Stage Alkali Leaching, Carbonation, Acid Leaching and Solvent Extraction Process." Metals 8, no. 7 (July 17, 2018): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met8070545.

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Flue dust generated during the process of manufacturing corundum is a carrier of critical metal gallium. In this study, a process of alkali leaching-carbonation-acid leaching-solvent extraction was developed to recover and enrich gallium from corundum flue dust. Over 93% of the gallium in corundum flue dust could be recovered through a two-stage alkali leaching process, which consists of 120 min of concentrated alkali leaching in NaOH solution and a subsequent 30-min dilute alkali leaching (after dilution), with an alkali-to-ore mass ratio of 1.2:1. Liquid to solid ratios in two alkali leaching stages were 1.5:1 and 8:1, respectively. The carbonation process was employed to remove high-level Si in alkali leachate. After carbonation and HCl leaching, over 96% of gallium in the NaOH leachate could be dissolved into acid solution. After extracting gallium from the HCl leachate using N235 as extracting agent, 1% NaOH solution was used to strip gallium from the organic phase. The extraction and stripping efficiency of gallium was over 99% and 97%, respectively.
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Knaislová, Anna, Hong Vu, and Petr Dvořák. "Microwave and Ultrasound Effect on Ammoniacal Leaching of Deep-Sea Nodules." Minerals 8, no. 8 (August 14, 2018): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8080351.

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The influence of ultrasound and microwaves on extraction of copper, nickel, and cobalt from manganese deep-sea nodules by reductive ammoniacal leaching in the presence of ammonium thiosulfate as a reducing agent was studied. The ultrasonic ammoniacal leaching provides higher metals extraction, while the effect of microwaves on the metals extraction under the studied leaching conditions is insignificant. In general, increasing leaching temperature increases significantly extraction of the metals of interest. At high temperatures, extraction efficiencies of copper, nickel, and cobalt decrease over longer leaching duration as a result of decomposition of the metals amino-complexes and reverse precipitation of metals. However, during the ultrasonic leaching at a temperature of 85 °C, the extraction of nickel remains almost unchanged over longer leaching durations and does not follow the decreasing course, observed in the extraction of copper and cobalt. The finding suggests that nickel can be selectively extracted from the nodules by the ultrasonic leaching. The maximal extraction efficiency of copper, nickel, and cobalt was 83%, 71%, and 32%, respectively, when the reductive ultrasonic ammoniacal leaching was carried out at 85 °C for 90 min. In the presence of microwaves, the maximal extraction efficiency of copper, nickel, and cobalt was 67%, 48%, and 8%, respectively, when the reductive ultrasonic ammoniacal leaching was carried out at the output power of 60 W for 210 min.
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Komnitsas, Kostas, Evangelos Petrakis, Olga Pantelaki, and Anna Kritikaki. "Column Leaching of Greek Low-Grade Limonitic Laterites." Minerals 8, no. 9 (August 31, 2018): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8090377.

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In this study, column leaching experiments were carried out to investigate the extraction of Ni and Co from low-grade limonitic laterites from Agios Ioannis mines in central Greece. Tests were carried out in laboratory Plexiglas columns using H2SO4 as leaching solution. Parameters determining the efficiency of the process, i.e., acid concentration (0.5 M or 1.5 M) and addition of 20 or 30 g/L of sodium sulfite (Na2SO3) in the leaching solution, were also studied. Upflow transport of the leaching solution with the use of peristaltic pumps was carried out, while the pregnant leach solution (PLS) was recycled several times over the entire test duration. The concentration of Ni, Co, Fe, Ca, Al, Mg, and Mn in the PLS was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The ore and the leaching residues were characterized by different techniques, i.e., X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry (DSC/TG). The experimental results showed that (i) Ni and Co extractions increased with the increase of H2SO4 concentration—60.2% Ni and 59.0% Co extractions were obtained after 33 days of leaching with 1.5 M H2SO4; (ii) addition of 20 g/L Na2SO3 in the leaching solution resulted in higher extraction percentages for both metals (73.5% for Ni and 84.1% for Co, respectively), whereas further increase of Na2SO3 concentration to 30 g/L only marginally affected Ni and Co extractions; and (iii) when leaching was carried out with 1.5 M H2SO4 and 20 g/L Na2SO3, its selectivity was improved, as deduced from the ratios Ni/Mg, Ni/Ca and Ni/Al in the PLS; on the other hand, the ratio Ni/Fe dropped as a result of the higher Fe extraction compared with that of Ni.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Leaching, extraction"

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Tavakolikhaledi, Mohammadreza. "Vanadium : leaching and solvent extraction." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/46814.

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The fundamental understanding of vanadium hydrometallurgy was developed in three phases: vanadium (V) leaching, vanadium (III) oxidative leaching, and solvent extraction of vanadium (V&IV). In the first section, V₂O₅ leaching was studied in three steps. First, vanadium leaching and solubility of VO₂⁺ at different pH’s and temperatures were investigated in sulfuric acid. Secondly, the kinetics of vanadium leaching in pH 5 and pH 8 solutions, and the reductive leaching of vanadium pentoxide using sodium sulfite were studied. It was shown that the kinetics of acid leaching is rapid but suffers from low solubility of VO₂⁺ in solution. Thirdly, the shrinking sphere model was employed to analyze the kinetics of reductive leaching. In the second step, V₂O₃ oxidative leaching was studied from 30°C to 90°C in sulfuric acid. This study has also been done in three different sections. First, the kinetics of oxidative leaching using oxygen was investigated. It was shown that this oxidative leaching is chemical reaction rate controlled with an activation energy of 69 kJ/mol. In the next step, it was shown that the presence of ferric enhanced kinetics significantly. Finally, oxidative leaching using a constant ferric-ferrous ratio from 1 to 300 was studied. The addition of KMnO₄ solution to the leach reactor was found to be a suitable oxidant for controlling solution potential. The oxidation rate using the constant ferric-ferrous ratio was very sensitive to temperature, with a large activation energy (38 kJ/mol) and the rate was proportional to the Fe(III)/Fe(II) concentration to the power of 0.47. In the third part, purification of synthetic vanadium-containing solutions using the solvent extraction technique was investigated. Various solvent extractants have been tested for vanadium recovery from acid leachates. One of the biggest problems for purification of the vanadium solution is iron separation. Therefore, this research assesses selectivity of vanadium over iron. The extraction of vanadium (V&IV), iron (III&II) with phosphinic acid (CYANEX 272), phosphonic acid (IONQUEST 801), phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) and phosphine oxide (CYANEX 923) extractants is reported. In addition, the extraction reactions for vanadium (V) and (IV) extraction using CYANEX 923 and D2EHPA were also studied.
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Muslim, Abrar. "Thiosulfate leaching process for gold extraction." Thesis, Curtin University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/896.

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Increasing environmental concerns over the use of cyanide for gold recovery has intensified the need to deeply understand gold thiosulfate leaching system. Therefore, experimental and modelling work for the kinetics and equilibrium adsorption of thiosulfate, polythionates, gold and copper onto strong based anion exchange resin have been conducted in this study, and the results are concisely discussed in the thesis. Experimental procedures, reaction mechanisms and novel dynamic models for the adsorption phenomena were also proposed.
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Buyukakinci, Ergin. "Extraction Of Nickel From Lateritic Ores." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12609291/index.pdf.

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The aim of this study was to extract nickel and cobalt from the lateritic nickel ores of Gö
rdes region by hydrometallurgical methods under the optimum conditions. Limonitic and nontronitic types of Gö
rdes lateritic nickel ores were used during experiments. Agitative and column leaching experiments at atmospheric pressure were conducted with various parameters
these were duration, temperature and initial sulfuric acid concentration of leach solution. It was shown that in agitative leaching, under the optimum conditions that were determined as 24 hours of leaching at 95°
C with initial sulfuric acid concentration of 192.1 g/L for nontronite and 240.1 g/L for limonite, nickel and cobalt extractions were 96.0% and 63.4% for nontronite
93.1% and 75.0% for limonite, respectively. Overall acid consumptions of ores were calculated as 669 kg H2SO4/ton dry ore for nontronitic type nickel ore and 714 kg H2SO4/ton dry ore for limonitic type nickel ore. Column leaching experiments also showed that nickel and cobalt could be extracted from both ore types by heap leaching. Nontronite type of laterite was found to be more suitable for column leaching by sulfuric acid. In column leaching, the calculated nickel and cobalt extractions were 83.9% and 55.2% for nontronite after 122 days of leaching with 100 g/L sulfuric acid concentration. Acid consumption of nontronite was found to be 462 kg H2SO4/ton dry ore.
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Goveli, Ahmet. "Nickel Extraction From Gordes Laterites By Hydrochloric Acid Leaching." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607738/index.pdf.

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Leaching is the most widely used process for extraction of nickel metal from lateritic ores. In this study, nickel extraction from Manisa-Gö
rdes region laterites by hydrochloric acid leaching is aimed. The mineralogical analysis of sample showed that hematite, goethite, dolomite, quartz and smectite are the main minerals in the ore. Attrition scrubbing, cycloning and magnetic separation with permroll were used as preconcentration processes but results were unsatisfactory. HCl leaching experiments were conducted both at room temperature and at elevated temperatures. The effects of various parameters such as leaching duration, particle size, concentration of HCl, pulp density, Cl- concentration and temperature on nickel recovery were examined. The results showed that under the optimised leaching conditions (particle size: 100 % -1 mm, HCl concentration: 3 N, leaching duration: 3 hours, leaching temperature: 100 oC, pulp density: 1/30 solid to liquid ratio by volume) it was possible to extract 87.26 % of nickel in the ore.
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Fowler, Sandra Dee. "COPPER SOLVENT EXTRACTION FROM CHLORIDE-SULFATE MEDIA." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275369.

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Askari, Hallo Mustafa. "Studies of leaching, recovery and recycling of heavy metals." Thesis, Brunel University, 2008. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/5087.

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The leachability of cadmium, cobalt, copper, lead, nickel and zinc metals and their oxides, sulfides and carbonates by water, 0.5 mol dm-3 CH3COOH, 0.1 mol dm -3 HCl/NaCI (1: 1 mixture) and 2 mol dm -3 HNO3 is reported. The concentrations of the leached heavy metals are compared with the trigger levels set by World Health Organisation (WHO). Three leaching solutions (nitric, sulfuric and hydrochloric acids) were used to extract copper, zinc, cobalt, nickel, iron and lead from spent catalysts prior to the application of separation technologies. Leaching experiments were conducted using both traditional methods and a microwave-assisted extraction technique. Data are provided on the effects of leaching temperature, leaching time, solid to liquid ratio and acid concentration on the extraction of different metals. The use of 2 mol dm-3 sulfuric acid at 50°C for 60 minutes and at a solid/liquid (S/L) ratio of 1: 25 achieved more than 90% extraction for all the metals studied. A comparison of the results from traditional and microwave extraction techniques demonstrates that microwave heating reduced the time required to obtain maximum metal extraction. The kinetics for the traditional extraction procedure showed that diffusion was the ratecontrolling process, but it was not possible to conclusively establish the rate controlling process for the microwave leaching. The feasibility of using an electrodialysis process to separate metal ions, such as copper from zinc, was examined. A laboratory-scale three compartments membrane system was designed, constructed, used and optimised for the separation process. The separation of copper from zinc in the electrodialysis process exploited the greater stability of the Cu-EDTA complex compared with the Zn-EDTA complex. It was observed that Zn 2+ ions migrated through the cation-exchange membrane from central compartment to catholyte and, simultaneously, the negative Cu-EDTA complex transferred to the analyte compartment crossing the anion exchange membrane. The technique was successfully used to separate mixtures of Cu: Cd and Zn: Ni. The technique could not, however, be used for the separation of Zn from Cd. An adsorption process was used to prepare copper, iron, nickel and zinc oxides catalysts on y-A1203 as support. The materials prepared were used in a fixed bed reactor to assess the catalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds (methane and ethane) in air. Cu/y- A1203 was found to be the most promising catalyst for the complete oxidation of methane and ethane at temperatures of 575°C and 525°C, respectively. Increasing the calcination temperature in the drying and pre-treatment of the catalysts resulted in a decrease in the catalytic activity.
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Dakubo, Francis. "Sustainable Mining - Solving the Problem of Chalcopyrite Treatment/Processing - Leaching, Solvent Extraction & Flotation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/604862.

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Chalcopyrite ore forms the significant fraction of copper deposits in the earth crust. However, it is also the most difficult to treat using conventional ferric leaching methods. Smelting and electro-refining are currently the methods used in treating chalcopyrite concentrate obtained from froth flotation. Due to the ever increasing environmental requirements on smelters by the Environmental Protection Agency, new smelters are scarce in the United States. The scarcity of smelters has led to the urgent need to find a novel leaching method for the abundant chalcopyrite deposits in the USA and the rest of the world. This chapter(one) of the dissertation, therefore, investigated the leaching of chalcopyrite ore at pH 2 using a newly discovered oxidant (peroxodisulfate). Our results show that chalcopyrite leaching using peroxodisulfate follows a surface reaction shrinking core model. The activation energy of chalcopyrite leaching using peroxodisulfate ion was calculated as 41.1 kJ mol⁻¹. We also report that the leaching of chalcopyrite ore is affected by particle size and that stirring hurts leaching of chalcopyrite. Additionally, we found that peroxodisulfate can produce from sulfuric ions electrochemically. Hydrogen peroxide, permanganate, peroxodisulfate and ferric ions are all strong oxidants that have been researched in production pregnant leach solution (PLS) from chalcopyrite ore leaching. Because, solvent extraction is the next step in the recovery of copper from pregnant leach solutions (PLS). The questions, therefore, arises as to the fate of the organic extractant used in solvent extraction coming in contact with strong oxidant residual in the PLS. In chapter two of the dissertation, we studied the effect of strong oxidant residual in PLS on the degradation of organic extractants during solvent extraction of copper. Exposed organic extractants were analyzed using interfacial tension(IFT), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and CG LS. The results obtained from IFT and FTIR analysis, show no effect on the organic extractants exposed to sunlight and PLS containing the residual strong oxidant. Finally in chapter 3, the dissertation exams alternative water source for the flotation of chalcopyrite. Mineral flotation is a water-intensive process in mining. In order to sustain mining operations such flotation, which rely heavily on water, chapter 3 of the dissertation looks at using alternative water sources (in this case reclaimed wastewater) in the flotation of chalcopyrite ores; this effort is to limit the mining industries dependence on fresh ground water particularly in the Southwest of United States where water is a scarce commodity. The research studied the effect of reclaimed waste water on chalcopyrite flotation via contact angle and surface energy measurements. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy (AFM) and flotation tests were used to supplement the findings from contact angle and surface studies. We conclude here that the contact angle of a pure chalcopyrite surface was determined to be 75.6 degrees. We also found that pure chalcopyrite mineral surface is slightly polar with surface energies γCuFeS2^(LW) = 41.4 mJ/m² (apolar), γCuFeS2^(AB) = 2.9 mJ/m² (polar). The high value of the surface energy indicates pure chalcopyrite surface is slightly hydrophobic.
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Sedres, Grant. "Recovery of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ from coal fly ash." University of the Western Cape, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5651.

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>Magister Scientiae - MSc
Most of the world's energy production is still mainly achieved by the combustion of coal in power stations. Coal fly ash is the inevitable waste product that accumulates to metric ton volumes each year. These vast volumes pose a problem in the disposal of the coal fly ash which conventionally is loaded onto ash dumps located near the coal power stations. Alternatives need to be investigated for the use of the coal fly ash in applications that would make the coal fly ash useful and thereby help to mitigate the environmental strain imposed by conventional ash dump disposal. This study focussed on investigating the extraction of Si and Al from CFA. The investigation into the removal of the magnetic iron oxide content and calcium content from coal fly ash was also carried out to enhance the extraction of the Si and Al from CFA e.g. the removal of calcium was attempted to promote the leaching of aluminium from the ash. The rationale for this process was that by removing and recovering these major constituent elements from the ash, it would be easier to concentrate and isolate the trace elements especially the rare earth elements that are present in the CFA. Coal fly ash sourced from Matla coal power station was characterised using x-ray diffraction to determine the mineral phases present in the raw coal fly ash and elemental composition determined by x-ray fluorescence and laser ablation ICP-MS. The main mineral phases in coal fly ash were determined to be quartz, mullite, magnetite and lime (CaO). Magnetic extraction was initially carried out on the coal fly ash to remove the iron rich magnetic material. Extraction tests were then performed on the coal fly ash using alkaline and acidic media namely; NaOH, HCl and H₂SO₄. The extraction tests were assessed and a sequential extraction experimental procedure developed to achieve the highest extraction yield for Si, Al, Fe, Ca, and Mg from the coal fly ash. Lastly the rare earth element content in coal fly ash was tracked from the beginning till the end of the sequential extraction procedure to ascertain whether the rare earth elements partitioned to the leachates or the solid residues. The total element recoveries for Al, Si, Ca Fe, Mg were 53.36 %, 39.96 %, 93.8 %, 25.6 % and 67.3 % respectively using the sequential extraction procedure developed in this study. The rare earth elements contents were not affected by the sequential extraction procedure and on the whole remained in the solid residues at the completion of the sequential extraction, resulting in a residue with enriched levels of recoverable or extractable REE content after the removal of the major oxides from the CFA. The lowest enrichment being approximately 5 % for Thulium and the highest being approximately 76 % for Erbium.
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Heckley, Philip Scott. "Extraction and separation of cobalt from acidic nickel laterite leach solutions using electrostatic pseudo liquid membrane (ESPLIM)." Thesis, Curtin University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2188.

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Approximately 70% of the western world's known nickel reserves are contained in laterite ores, but only 30% of the world's nickel production comes from these ores. This is due to the lack of economically viable technology to extract the nickel from these ores. However, recent advances in pressure acid leaching technology have resulted in new commercial attempts to extract nickel and its valuable by-product, cobalt, from laterite ores. The commissioning of three nickel laterite projects in Western Australia in the late 1990s represents the first of these new generation nickel operations, with several other projects; in Australia and overseas, in various stages of development. Unfortunately, several technical issues have hindered full production in these new refineries. Some of these problems are directly attributable to the mixer-settler contactors used in the solvent extraction process. This has highlighted a need to develop alternative contactors for industrial use. Electrostatic Pseudo Liquid Membrane (ESPLIM) is an alternative, novel technique to conduct the solvent extraction process. It combines the basic principles of solvent extraction, liquid membrane and electrostatic dispersion into a simple, compact reactor that utilises many advantages of each technique. The aim of this study w as to develop a method of extracting and separating cobalt from an acidic nickel laterite leach solution using ESPLIM. Bench scale tests using synthetic and actual leach solutions have shown that: the design and construction materials of the baffle plate and electrodes have a significant effect on the performance of the reactor; an AC power supply provided better droplet dispersion than a DC power supply; an increase in the applied electric field strength above a critical value resulted in a decrease in the aqueous droplet size and an increase in residence tune.These effects increased the extraction efficiency and the concentration of the loaded strip solution. However, further increases in applied electric field strength decreased efficiency due to excessive levels of swelling and leakage; the known extraction isotherms for cobalt and nickel apply in the ESPLIM technique; salts of soluble organic acids influence extraction efficiency by changing the aqueous pH and interfacial tension; the use of ammonia was found to be effective as a replacement for salts of soluble organic acids; the ESPLIM reactor can cope with large changes in the flow rates of both feed and strip solutions. However, an increase in the feed flow rate should be accompanied by a relative increase in the ship flow rate to maintain high extraction efficiencies; the baffle design has a significant impact on the levels of swelling and leakage; provided the electrostatic field strength is maintained and flow rates are increased proportionately to the size of the reactor, no significant scale-up issues were observed, indicating that the data generated in bench scale studies could be applied to plant scale contactors. The optimum conditions, devised as a result of this investigation, to extract cobalt from an acidic nickel laterite leach solution using the ESPLIM technique are as follows: an applied electric field strength of 5.5 kV/cm. a raffinate pH of 5.5, a solvent containing 10% Cyanex 272 with 5% TBP in Solvent HF diluent, a feed to strip flow ratio of approximately 5 and a 1 M H[subscript]2S0[subscript]4 strip solution. At these conditions, almost complete cobalt extraction is achieved after only two extraction stages. A comparable extraction using conventional mixer-settlers could only be achieved after five stages.
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Saba, Mojtaba. "The Extraction Behaviour of Zinc, Lead and Silver from Ores and Concentrates by Glycine Leaching Processes." Thesis, Curtin University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/81907.

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This research covers the fundamental aspects of the direct leaching of sphalerite by considering the dissolution of silver, lead, and copper contents and their effects on the process. The effects of independence variables such as sodium hydroxide, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, lead nitrate, sodium chloride, dissolved oxygen, temperature, glycine concentration, dissolution time, and particle size on the process were investigated. All the outputs have been modelled and optimised through the analysis of variance.
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Books on the topic "Leaching, extraction"

1

H. A. van der Sloot. Harmonization of leaching/extraction tests. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1997.

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Liddicoat, Jenni Anne. Chloride leaching for chalcopyrite. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia, 2003.

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V, Jergensen Gerald, ed. Copper leaching, solvent extraction, and electrowinning technology. Littleton, CO: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, 1999.

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E, Jackson. Hydrometallurgical extraction and reclamation. Chichester, West Sussex, England: Ellis Horwood, 1986.

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Hansen, Dennis A. Extraction of titanium and iron from ilmenite with fluosilicic acid. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1995.

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Hansen, Dennis A. Extraction of titanium and iron from ilmenite with fluosilicic acid. [Washington, D.C.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1995.

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Lin, H. K. Ferric chloride leaching of the Delta sulfide ores and gold extraction from the leaching residue. Fairbanks, Alaska: Mineral Industry Research Laboratory, University of Alaska, 1988.

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Maney, J. P. USEPA extraction method development study for trace metals in leachate. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1986.

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Maney, J. P. USEPA extraction method development study for trace metals in leachate. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, 1986.

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J, Jacobs J., ed. Nickel and cobalt extraction using organic compounds. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Leaching, extraction"

1

Scovazzo, Paul, Wei-Yin Chen, Lawrence K. Wang, and Nazih K. Shammas. "Solvent Extraction, Leaching and Supercritical Extraction." In Advanced Physicochemical Treatment Processes, 581–614. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-029-4_18.

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Eriksen, Dag Øistein. "Scandium – Leaching and Extraction Chemistry." In Rare Metal Technology 2021, 229–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65489-4_23.

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Azhar, Mohamad Haiqal Amin Mohamad, Mimi Azlina Abu Bakar, and Shahrul Azam Abdullah Ab Azam. "Extraction of Silica from Sugarcane Bagasse via Acid Leaching Treatment." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 63–67. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3179-6_13.

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Xie, Tingfang, Chengyu Sun, Guojiang Li, Yongguang Luo, Xuemei Zheng, and Aiyuan Ma. "Zinc Extraction from Industrial Waste Residue by Conventional Acid Leaching." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2021, 121–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65493-1_12.

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Balomenos, Efthymios, Panagiotis Davris, Alexandra Apostolopoulou, Danai Marinos, Elena Mikeli, Aikaterini Toli, Dimitrios Kotsanis, Grigoris Paschalis, and Dimitrios Panias. "Investigations into Optimized Industrial Pilot Scale BR Leaching for Sc Extraction." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 1167–72. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-22532-1_156.

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Valeev, Dmitry, Vyacheslav Pak, Alexandra Mikhailova, Margarita Gol’Dberg, Mark Zheleznyi, Irina Dorofievich, Yuri Lainer, Valerii Bychinskii, and Konstantin Chudnenko. "Extraction of Aluminium by Autoclave Hydrochloric Acid Leaching of Boehmite-Kaolinite Bauxite." In Light Metals 2016, 23–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48251-4_5.

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Valeev, Dmitry, Vyacheslav Pak, Alexandra Mikhailova, Margarita Gol'Dberg, Mark Zheleznyi, Irina Dorofievich, Yuri Lainer, Valerii Bychinskii, and Konstantin Chudnenko. "Extraction of Aluminium By Autoclave Hydrochloric Acid Leaching of Boehmite- Kaolinite Bauxite." In Light Metals 2016, 23–28. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119274780.ch5.

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Liu, Xudong, Ganghua Fu, Yufeng Guo, Tao Jiang, Wei Chen, and Yujia Tan. "Extraction of Zinc from Willemite by Sodium Salt Roasting and Ammonia-Leaching Process." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 299–307. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51340-9_30.

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Cao, Hongyang, Jimin Wang, Binxiu Wu, Jian Wang, and Junhong Li. "Indium Extraction Process from Sulfuric Pressure Leaching Solution for Vacuum Furnace Germanium Slag." In Characterization of Minerals, Metals, and Materials 2013, 547–52. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118659045.ch63.

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Hanson, A. T., Z. Samani, B. Dwyer, and R. Jacquez. "Heap Leaching as a Solvent-Extraction Technique for Remediation of Metals-Contaminated Soils." In ACS Symposium Series, 108–21. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1992-0491.ch009.

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Conference papers on the topic "Leaching, extraction"

1

Simon, Franz G., Ute Kalbe, and Wolfgang Berger. "Waste Characterization by Leaching and Extraction Procedures." In GeoCongress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40970(309)85.

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Talan, Deniz, M. Ümit Atalay, and N. Emre Altun. "Extraction of Zinc from Smithsonite by Ammonia Leaching." In The 3rd World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/mmme17.130.

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Korolkova, I. V., K. P. Zhilin, and A. A. Kondrasenko. "Lithium extraction from spodumene concentrate by hydrothermal leaching." In XVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE "METALLURGY OF NON-FERROUS, RARE AND NOBLE METALS" named after corresponding member of the RAS Gennady Leonidovich PASHKOVA. Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/sfu.mnfrpm.2023.222-228.

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Since «green energy» trends become priority active development of lithium batteries is stimulated. This and other areas of lithium application justify its high demand in the world. Hardrock pegmatites (spodumene,lepidolite, petalite etc.), salar brines and underground waters are the main sources of lithium. Russian Federation holds one of the leading places having considerable lithium reserves. However, over 70 % of the reserves are associated with mineral resources. Among these resources spodumene LiAl[Si2O6] is the most abundant lithium mineral.
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Zarib, Noratiqah Syahirah Mohd. "Extraction Of Silica From Rice Husk Via Acid Leaching Treatment." In AIMC 2018 - Asia International Multidisciplinary Conference. Cognitive-Crcs, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.05.02.16.

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Vilarinho, Cândida, José Teixeira, Jorge Araújo, and Joana Carvalho. "Effect of Time and Acid Concentration on Metal Extraction From Galvanic Sludges." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71370.

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Galvanic sludge is a solid waste produced by the surface treatment industry, classified as hazardous because of their high concentration of heavy metals, which in its final destination is disposed in waste disposal facilities, with economic costs to the holders. Through hydrometallurgical processing, it is possible to extract valuable metals, with low costs involved, while the hazardous level of the residue is reduced. In the present work, the heap leaching method was studied as a solution to the treatment of these residues, which in order to consist in a valuable option, processing and operation costs must be kept as low as possible. For the experimental testing, a closed loop lixiviation column for hydrometallurgical treatment of galvanic sludge with possibility of continuous flow of the leachate (and static process as well) was constructed, simulating the heap leaching process. The galvanic waste in study, delivered by a local surface treatment company, was both chemically and physically characterized, proving to be rich in valuable metals like Nickel, Chromium and Copper. The waste material was characterized both for physical parameters (grain size) and chemical composition. The lixiviation trials, with a maximum duration of 1 week, were conducted. The influence upon the extraction rate of metals such as Nickel, Chromium and Copper, of parameters such as the concentration of the leaching agent (sulfuric acid) and time were tested. In order to quantify the leachate circulation effect, a static trial was conducted as well. Extraction rates of 35.5 % of Nickel, 14% of Copper and 13.6 % of Chromium were obtained after 6 hours in a dynamic trial, with 100 g/L sulfuric acid solution concentration. The acid consumption rate was correlated with the metal extraction. Finally, the results were compared with others obtained in previous galvanic sludge agitation lixiviation and laterites heap leaching works.
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Vilarinho, M. C. L. G., N. M. B. Gonc¸alves, and J. C. F. Teixeira. "Optimization of a Leaching Tank for Hydrometallurgical Recovery of Metals." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-12926.

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The sludge wastes generated by the metal plating industries are classified as hazardous wastes because of their high concentration of heavy metals. Amongst the various routes for their treatment, the hydrometallurgical processes are highly attractive because they can be tailored to the wide compositional range of such wastes and assure its metals recovery and/or toxicity reduction. In these processes the leaching operation is paramount to the overall efficiency. In this, the mixing of the leaching solution with sludge has to be effective in order to obtain high levels of metal extraction and make the process attractive. Most of the available data refers to laboratory tests. This paper reports on the use of CFD model to optimize the operation of a pilot size leaching tank. The results regarding the velocity field were compared with experimental data and proved that such techniques can be effectively applied to improve the process. A leaching experiment, with the best configuration for the mixing, yielded a high metal extraction, suggesting that this technique can be successfully implemented for the treatment of such wastes.
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Wang, Weiwei, Shangchao Du, Guo Liu, Jianwen Tang, Yeda Lu, and Dong Lv. "Extraction of nickel from Ramu laterite by sulphation roasting-water leaching." In 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL MATERIALS AND PROCESS (ICCMP 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5000474.

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Prasetyo, Erik, Fathan Bahfie, Muhammad Al Muttaqii, Anton Sapto Handoko, and Fajar Nurjaman. "Zinc extraction from electric arc furnace dust using amino acid leaching." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2019): Exploring New Innovation in Metallurgy and Materials. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0002159.

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Royani, Ahmad, Eko Sulistiyono, Agus Budi Prasetiyo, and Rudi Subagja. "Extraction of magnesium from calcined dolomite ore using hydrochloric acid leaching." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON METALLURGY AND MATERIALS (ISMM2017): Metallurgy and Advanced Material Technology for Sustainable Development. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5038299.

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Alvarez-Gonzalez, L. M., and I. J. Perea-Barrios. "Modeling and control of a leaching unit for sunflower oil extraction." In 2023 IEEE 6th Colombian Conference on Automatic Control (CCAC). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccac58200.2023.10333764.

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Reports on the topic "Leaching, extraction"

1

Lumetta, Gregg J., Priscilla A. Garza, Tatiana G. Levitskaia, and Gilbert M. Brown. Sodium Hydroxide Extraction From Caustic Leaching Solutions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/860130.

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Crapse, K., A. Cozzi, C. Crawford, and A. Jurgensen. TOXICITY CHARACTERISTIC LEACHING PROCEDURE APPLIED TO RADIOACTIVE SALTSTONE CONTAINING TETRAPHENYLBORATE: DEVELOPMENT OF A MODIFIED ZERO-HEADSPACE EXTRACTOR. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1039279.

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