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Journal articles on the topic 'Leachate'
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1
Brkanac, Sandra Radić, Valerija Vujčić, Petra Cvjetko, Vid Baković, and Višnja Oreščanin. "Removal of landfill leachate toxicity and genotoxicity by two treatment methods." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 89–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2431.
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Summary Leachates from active and closed municipal solid waste landfills can be a major source of contamination to groundwater and surface waters. In the present study the toxic and genotoxic potential of leachate from an old sanitary landfill prior to and following chemical and electrochemical treatments were assessed using Lemna, Allium, and comet tests. Photosynthetic pigments, malondialdehyde (indicator of lipid peroxidation) and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated as additional indicators of toxicity in duckweed. Following duckweed exposure to 25 % dilution of landfill leachate, growth rate and photosynthetic pigments content significantly decreased while lipid peroxidation increased despite stimulation of antioxidative defence mechanisms. Diluted leachate induced DNA strand breaks in duckweed cells as evidenced by the comet assay. Regarding the Allium test, untreated leachate caused inhibition of Allium cepa cell division and induction of mitotic and chromosomal aberrations. Although both water treatments completely reduced genotoxicity of leachate, the electrochemical method was found to be more efficient in removing toxic substances present in landfill leachate and thus more suitable for treating such leachates prior to their discharge into the environment. As landfill leachates pose a risk to human health and environment in general due to their (geno)toxicity, the present study demonstrates that the ecotoxicity/genotoxicity assays should be used in leachate risk assessment together with physicochemical analysis.
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Sudhakara, K., C. Vineesh, and P. Ashokan. "Promoting effects of fruit leachates from Teak (Tectona grandis) on seed germination of rice and green gram." Indian Journal of Forestry 30, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2007-9f6s12.
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The allelopathic effect of Teak (Tectona grandis Linn.f.) fruit leachates on the germination and vigour characteristics of Rice (Oryza sativa Linn.) and Green Gram (Vigna radiata (Linn.) Wilczek) seeds was studied under laboratory conditions. The Rice and Green Gram seeds were soaked directly in the Teak fruit leachates of different days or in distilled water and subsequently wetted during germination with the leachate or distilled water. The germination characteristics of Rice and Green Gram seeds increased significantly due to the application of Teak fruit leachate. Largest effect was recorded generally due to first day’s leachate and the effect declined due to subsequent days’ leachate.
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Sackey, Lyndon N. A., Klára A. Mocová, and Vladimír Kočí. "Ecotoxicological Effect of Aged Wood Leachates to Aquatic Organisms." Water 12, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 2091. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12082091.
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Wood is an important natural resource used for various human activities. Toxicity of wood leachate in aquatic organisms has been previously established, but whether storage over time has an impact on the quality of leachate has not been assessed. Hence, this research seeks to assess the toxicity of aged wood leachate in aquatic organisms. Five fresh wood samples were randomly selected from the Oboyow forest reserve in the eastern region of Ghana: Mahogany (Khaya ivorensis), Cedrela (Cedrela odorata), Emire (Terminalia ivorensis), Wawa (Triplochiton scleroxylon), and Ceiba (Ceiba pendandra) to assess their toxicity to aquatic organisms. Algal (Desmodesmus subspicatus) duckweed (Lemna minor) and daphnia (Daphnia magna) were carried out using exposures to concentrations of 20%, 30%, 45%, 67%, and 100% v/v of wood leachate with control media, because they represented various concentration rate levels of wood leachate toxicity in the test organisms. The toxicity of the various wood leachates might be due to high levels of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total organic carbon (TOC), i.e., metals and phenols. The % IC50 of the various wood leachate ranged from 21.51–66.77% with mahogany exhibiting the highest toxicity and wawa the lowest. It was also observed that toxicity of wood leachates decreased as the wood leachate aged. The % IC50 showed both confirmed and potential toxicity among the various wood leachates.
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Yunus, Anika, David J. Smallman, Anne Stringfellow, Richard Beaven, and William Powrie. "Leachate dissolved organic matter characterization using spectroscopic methods." Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wrd.2011.032.
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This study investigated the use of ultraviolet (UV) and fluorescence spectroscopy to monitor the changes in biodegradability of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in landfill leachates. Experiments to investigate aerobic biodegradation of leachate DOM were carried out using untreated and treated leachate samples collected from two UK municipal solid waste landfills, L1 and L2. Leachate samples collected at different stages of the aerobic treatment processes were characterized by conventional methods (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and dissolved organic carbon content (DOC)) and also by UV spectroscopy and fluorescence excitation-emission matrix. The laboratory-scale aerobic treatment system achieved reductions in COD and DOC in all of the leachates. Results obtained from UV spectrophotometry indicated that the aromatic character of the leachate decreased during aerobic biodegradation. Additionally, the fluorescence intensity of the leachates decreased to various extents, suggesting degradation of humic, fulvic or protein-like structures during biodegradation. Initial results showed strong relations between fluorescent DOC and fluorescent COD and suggest that the strength of these correlations could be a useful tool in distinguishing sources and biodegradability of DOC cheaply and quickly, although further research using different types of leachates is required.
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Hu, Yuansi. "A microwave radiation-enhanced Fe–C/persulfate system for the treatment of refractory organic matter from biologically treated landfill leachate." RSC Advances 11, no. 47 (2021): 29620–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra04995j.
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A microwave radiation enhanced Fe-C/PS system was used to treat biologically-treated landfill leachate. This process showed wide applicability in treatment of four types of leachates and has a promising potential in landfill leachate treatment.
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Naidoo, V., M. du Preez, T. Rakgotho, B. Odhav, and C. A. Buckley. "Toxicity and biodegradability of high strength/toxic organic liquid industrial effluents and hazardous landfill leachates." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 9 (November 1, 2002): 163–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0230.
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Industrial effluents and leachates from hazardous landfill sites were tested for toxicity using the anaerobic toxicity assay. This test was done on several industrial effluents (brewery spent grain effluent, a chemical industry effluent, size effluent), and several hazardous landfill leachates giving vastly different toxicity results. The brewery effluent, spent grain effluent and size effluent were found to be less toxic than the chemical effluent and hazardous landfill leachate samples. The chemical industry effluent was found to be most toxic. Leachate samples from the H:h classified hazardous landfill site were found to be less toxic at high concentrations (40% (v/v)) while the H:H hazardous landfill leachate samples were found to be more toxic even at low concentrations of 4% (v/v). The 30 d biochemical methane potential tests revealed that the brewery effluent, organic spent grain effluent and size effluent were 89%, 63%, and 68% biodegradable, respectively. The leachate from Holfontein hazardous landfill site was least biodegradable (19%) while the chemical effluent and Aloes leachate were 29% and 32% biodegradable under anaerobic conditions.
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Taiwo, A. M., A. Bello, A. T. Towolawi, J. A. Oyedepo, and Y. O. Khaniabadi. "Remediation of Dumpsite Leachate Contaminants by Coagulation and Complexation." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 45, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 380–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2019.380.
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Leachate is a major threat to groundwater quality and ecosystem. The present study adopted four selected coagulants (inorganic: Al2(SO4)3 [Alum], FeCl3, FeSO4; biological: Moringa oleifera) and a complexing agent (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDTA) to remediate leachates collected from two dumpsites in Abeokuta. The leachate samples were subjected to chemical and heavy metal analyses using the American Public Health Association (APHA) standard method. The data obtained were evaluated for simple descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) using SPSS for Windows. The results indicated that except for Fe and Ni, metal values in both raw and treated leachates were generally higher than the permissible standard of the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). The study revealed that despite treatment, the values of metals in treated leachates were still issues of environmental concerns. The reduction data revealed substantial removal of EC and TDS (100%), Cl- (87-95 %) and SO42- (60-84%) in leachates. The present study also revealed that each coagulant has varied affinity for removal of different parameters in the leachate. Among the coagulants, Moringa oleifera showed the highest % removal efficiency for Cd (57-63%) and Ni (57-98%), while EDTA showed the lowest removing ability for Cd (2-6%). All the remediating agents effectively reduced the chemical contaminants in leachate samples to appreciate levels.
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Onay, T. T., and F. G. Pohland. "Nitrogen and sulfate attenuation in simulated landfill bioreactors." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 2-3 (July 1, 2001): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0791.
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The characteristics of leachate from landfills vary according to site-specific conditions. Leachates from old landfills are often rich in ammonia nitrogen, posing potential adverse environmental impacts in the case of uncontrolled discharge. At landfills where leachate recirculation is practiced, leachate ammonia concentrations may accumulate to higher levels than during the single pass leaching. Using leachate recirculation with system modifications, separate aerobic and anoxic zones for nitrification and both autotrophic and heterotrophic denitrification can be provided. Results from simulated landfill bioreactors indicated that both nitrogenous and sulfur compounds can be attenuated through autotrophic denitrification, and leachate nitrate concentrations of 750 mg/L reduced to less than 1 mg/L by denitrification to nitrogen gas promoting this very common process in a landfill environment results in the reduction of both leachate ammonia and sulfate concentrations.
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Grosser, Anna, Ewa Neczaj, Magdalena Madela, and Piotr Celary. "Ultrasound-Assisted Treatment of Landfill Leachate in a Sequencing Batch Reactor." Water 11, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030516.
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Purification of leachates is currently a big challenge due to their high variability in composition and amount. The complexity of the medium, namely leachates, makes new solutions highly sought after and finds the existing ones in need of optimization. The effects of ultrasound pretreatment (20 kHz, 12 µm) on biological treatment of landfill leachates in the form of processes carried out in two sequencing batch reactors were investigated. The experiment was divided into two stages. In the first stage, leachate was treated by an ultrasonic field at different sonication times (0.5, 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 min). Next, leachates with and without conditioning were combined with municipal wastewater in the following ratios: 5, 10, 15 and 25% v/v. For optimal processing time (3 min), 16% removal of COD was achieved. In turn, the BOD5/COD ratio was 0.3, which is higher by approximately 270% than that of the non-conditioned sample. Further elongation of sonication time did not significantly affect both parameters. Also, pretreatment of leachate resulted in a maximum increase noted in the study of specific oxygen uptake rate and dehydrogenase activity of approximately 21 and 2 times compared to the non-conditioned sample. The implementation of a pretreatment step prior to the biological treatment was shown to result in higher pollutant removal efficiency. Depending on the share of leachates in the mixture, the removal enhancements of BOD, COD, and ammonium nitrogen for conditioned samples ranged from 6–48.5%, 4–48% and 11–42%, respectively. Furthermore, pretreatment of leachate allows for an increased (by up to 20%) share of leachate volume in the influent stream entering the reactor, while maintaining the quality of effluents in accordance with national regulation requirements. However, in scenarios without pretreatment, the leachate ratio cannot exceed 5% of the total wastewater due to poor quality of the effluents. The operational cost of ultrasound pretreatment of leachate was 22.58 €/(m3·g removed COD).
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Cardoso, Jonathan, Helder Gomes, and Paulo Brito. "Viability of the Use of Leachates from a Mechanical Biological Municipal Solid Waste Treatment Plant as Fertilizers." Recycling 4, no. 1 (January 18, 2019): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling4010008.
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The main environmental issue associated with compost production is the production of a liquid leachate. Leachate from municipal wastes contains carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace elements that can be used as nutrients by plants. The advantages of the use of organic wastes such as compost leachate as fertilizers are evident. Their use would reduce the consumption of commercial fertilizers, which need, with their production, high cost and energy. This work aims to determine the physical and chemical properties of a specific leachate with a variable composition, collected from the composting line of a mechanical and biological treatment facility. The goal is to assess if the leachates can be used as a potential source for fertilizers, and thus develop and design a sequence of processes which could effectively convert the leachates to commercial fertilizers according to the requirements of the proposal of regulation of the European Parliament of 2016 for fertilizers. Preliminary results show that the leachate samples qualitatively meet the requirements established for the composition of commercial fertilizers, especially organo-mineral fertilizers. Furthermore, there is no production cost of leachate as a raw material. The results show that the leachate is characterized by manageable concentrations of heavy metals which can be removed by adsorption processes, and it presents suitable amounts of organic carbon after a water removal procedure. However, the establishment of the conditions for suitable conversion processes are still under investigation considering the high composition variability due to factors like storage and environmental conditions.
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Bilstad, T., and M. V. Madland. "Leachate Minimization by Reverse Osmosis." Water Science and Technology 25, no. 3 (February 1, 1992): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0084.
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Leachates from chemical and domestic landfills are defined as hazardous wastewater. Quantitative and qualitative control of leachate can be performed by membrane separation of the total produced leachate volume. Dissolved and suspended solids in the leachate are removed from the major portion of the water phase and either returned to the landfill or further treated. The particle - free permeate meets the effluent requirements for direct discharge to virtually any watercourse. An untreated leachate flow is concentrated thirteen times by tubular type reverse osmosis. The separation efficiencies are 99% for iron, copper, chromium and zinc. For suspended solids the removal is 100%.
12
Forgie, D. J. L. "Selection of the Most Appropriate Leachate Treatment Methods: Part 2: A Review of Recirculation, Irrigation and Potential Physical-chemical Treatment Methods." Water Quality Research Journal 23, no. 2 (May 1, 1988): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1988.023.
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Abstract This paper reviews potential leachate treatment methods that are non-biological from the traditional wastewater treatment viewpoint. The use and role of recirculation and irrigation in leachate management are reviewed. It is shown that, although recirculation cannot be used as a means of final leachate disposal, it does have a role in decreasing the strength of high strength, acidic phase leachates. Irrigation is shown to be a potential means of final disposal of treated leachate. Physical-chemical treatment (PCT) of leachate using chemical precipitation, coagulation and/or oxidation, activated carbon adsorption, air-stripping, pH adjustment, ion exchange and membrane separation are reviewed. It is shown that PCT is appropriate for leachate treatment when the leachate is low in volatile, degradable organics, i.e. the BOD5/COD ratio is less than 0.1, and/or the molecular weight of most of the organics is greater than 500 g/mole. As a result, it is shown that PCT is best used as a polishing step following biological treatment or treating a leachate from a mature landfill.
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Abdullah, Muhamad Akmal, Muhammad Hanis Ghazali, Muhamad Alif Iman Mohamad Rodzi, and Mohd Lias Kamal. "A bibliometric analysis of leachate publications by ASEAN authors." Journal of Metrics Studies and Social Science 1, no. 1 (June 23, 2022): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.56916/jmsss.v1i1.74.
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Leachates are the aqueous effluent produced from waste filtration of rainwater, biochemical activities in the waste cells, and the unavoidable water content of the waste itself. Leachate can travel into soil and subsoil, seriously affecting the land, surface water, and groundwater ecosystems. Leachates typically contain significant quantities of organic matter, ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N), toxic chemicals, and organic and inorganic chlorinated salts, which are detrimental to living and biodiversity. Based on the significant risk posed by leachate, many kinds of research have been conducted on these environmental concerns. Therefore, this paper aims to analyse and report leachate-related publications by ASEAN authors based on the data collected from the Scopus database. As of 24th April 2020, a total number of 1133 articles were retrieved and analysed. This study examined publication productivity by analysing descriptive publication patterns and visualising keywords co-occurrences. The results showed that there had been an increase in the literature on leachate growth rate from 1989 until 2020. However, the number of publications slightly dropped in 2011 and 2014. This study revealed the widespread scholarly communication techniques in leachate research, which will assist future researchers in identifying the fundamental parts of this body of knowledge. In conclusion, this study enables researchers to develop innovative solutions to the leachate environmental problem by assessing the bibliometric parameters that provide the study’s crucial and noteworthy findings.
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Webber III, Charles L., Paul M. White Jr, Douglas J. Spaunhorst, Darcey G. Wayment, and Derek S. Landrum. "Sugarcane Crop Residue and Bagasse Allelopathic Impact on Oat (Avena sative L.), Tall Morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea L. Roth), and Redroot Pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) Germination." Journal of Agricultural Science 10, no. 2 (January 12, 2018): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v10n2p15.
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Allelopathy, the chemical interaction between plants, may result in the inhibition of plant growth and development, and includes compounds released from a primary crop that adversely impact crop or weed species. The objective of this research was to observe the allelopathic impact of sugarcane (Saccharum sp.) post-harvest crop residue and mill bagasse leachate on seed germination of three other plant species. Oat (Avena sative L.) var. ‘Corral’, tall morningglory (Ipomoea purpurea L. Roth), and redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.) seeds were treated with 5 leachate concentrations (0, 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 g/L) from either sugarcane crop residue or sugarcane bagasse. Each experiment was repeated twice (Experiment 1 & 2) with each plant species, leachate concentrations, and leachate source (sugarcane crop residue and mill bagasse). The impact of leachates from sugarcane variety ‘HoCP 96-540’ crop residue and sugarcane bagasse differed by the species evaluated (oat, morningglory, and redroot pigweed), the leachate source (crop residue vs. bagasse), and leachate concentration (0 to 100 g/L). Oat germination was not affected leachate source or concentration. Germination for both weed species, tall morningglory and redroot pigweed, were adversely affected by leachate source and concentration. In both cases, the sugarcane crop residue leachate had a greater deleterious impact on germination than did the bagasse leachate. The response to the leachates was more consistent and severe for tall morningglory germination than redroot pigweed germination. Averaged across experiments, the 12.5 g/L crop residue concentration decreased the tall morningglory germination to 17% compared to 34% germination for the bagasse leachate, and the 100 g/L residue concentration reduce germination to 6% compared to 19% for bagasse 100 g/L bagasse concentration. The 100 g/L concentration of crop residue reduced redroot pigweed germination by 13% (Experiment 1) and 27% (Experiment 2), while the bagasse leachate reduced germination by 5% (Experiment 1) and 15% (Experiment 2). Future research should investigate the allelopathic compounds present in the sugarcane crop residue and bagasse, determine if the same allelopathic compounds are present and in the same concentration among other sugarcane varieties, and further examine which weed and crop species may be vulnerable to the allelopathic compounds present in sugarcane crop residue and bagasse.
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Chin, Pui Mun, Aine Nazira Naim, Fatihah Suja, and Muhammad Fadly Ahmad Usul. "Impact of Effluent from the Leachate Treatment Plant of Taman Beringin Solid Waste Transfer Station on the Quality of Jinjang River." Processes 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 1553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8121553.
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Rapid population growth has contributed to increased solid waste generated in Malaysia. Most landfills that have reached the design capacity are now facing closure. Taman Beringin Landfill was officially closed, so the Taman Beringin Solid Waste Transfer Station was built to manage the relocation, consolidation, and transportation of solid waste to Bukit Tagar Sanitary Landfill. Leachates are generated as a consequence of rainwater percolation through waste and biochemical processes in waste cells. Leachate treatment is needed, as leachates cause environmental pollution and harm human health. This study investigates the impact of treated leachate discharge from a Leachate Treatment Plant (LTP) on the Jinjang River water quality. The performance of the LTP in Taman Beringin Solid Waste Transfer Station was also assessed. Leachate samples were taken at the LTP’s anoxic tank, aeration tank, secondary clarifier tank, and final discharge point, whereas river water samples were taken upstream and downstream of Jinjang River. The untreated leachate returned the following readings: biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) (697.50 ± 127.94 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (2419.75 ± 1155.22 mg/L), total suspended solid (TSS) (2710.00 ± 334.79 mg/L), and ammonia (317.08 ± 35.45 mg/L). The LTP’s overall performance was satisfactory, as the final treated leachates were able to meet the standard requirements of the Environmental Quality (Control of Pollution from Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill) Regulation 2009. However, the LTP’s activated sludge system performance was not satisfactory, and the parameters did not meet the standard limits. The result shows a low functioning biological treatment method that could not efficiently treat the leachate. However, a subsequent step of combining the biological and chemical process (coagulation, flocculation, activated sludge system, and activated carbon adsorption) helped the treated leachate to meet the standard B requirement stipulated by the Department of Environment (DOE), i.e., to flow safely into the river. This study categorized Jinjang River as polluted, with the discharge of the LTP’s treated leachates, possibly contributing to the river pollution. However, other factors, such as the upstream sewage treatment plant and the ex-landfill downstream, may have also affected the river water quality. The LTP’s activated sludge system performance at the transfer station still requires improvement to reduce the cost of the chemical treatment.
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Zhang, Hong Ling, Li Na Sun, and Tie Heng Sun. "Leaching Characteristics of Manganese and Iron from Artificial Soil." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 2568–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.2568.
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A leaching experiment was carried out over a period of 90 days to determine the manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) leaching characteristics from artificial soils composed of sewage sludge and fly ash. The leachates of artificial soils were collected every 15 days and the concentration of manganese and iron in leachates of the artificial soil was measured. Results showed that the concentration of Fe and Mn in leachates of artificial soils got to a stable level by the end of the experiment. Moreover, plant Robina pseudoacacia and Amorpha fruticosa had different effect on the leachate Fe and Mn concentration. Robina pseudoacacia resulted in higher leachate Fe concentration, while Amorpha fruticosa resulted in higher Mn concentration. However, the leachate Fe and Mn concentrations from artificial soils was high, and it will also be transported to the surface and ground water. Therefore, some measures should be taken to reduce the concentration of heavy metals in the leachates before these artificial soils being applied on the ecological rehabilitation in mine spoil areas.
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Moktar, Khairul Anam, and Ramlah Mohd Tajuddin. "Phytoremediation of heavy metal from leachate using imperata cylindrica." MATEC Web of Conferences 258 (2019): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201925801021.
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Landfill leachate has many toxic substances, which may adversely affect the environmental health. The high concentration of heavy metal in landfill leachate creates complication to its removal and management. Hence this research was conducted to explore the ability of phytoremediation using Imperata cylindrica to remove Lead, Zinc and Cadmium; which is deemed to be nature friendly and sustainable. Raw landfill leachates were taken from the collection ponds at Jeram Sanitary Landfill and placed in fabricated phytoremediation system at UiTM laboratory. Heavy metal concentration of leachate from this system was monitored for 30 days. It was found that Imperata cylindrica is able to remove lead, Zinc and Cadmium from the leachate.
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Inderjit, Dhiraj S. Rawat, and Chester L. Foy. "Multifaceted approach to determine rice straw phytotoxicity." Canadian Journal of Botany 82, no. 2 (February 1, 2004): 168–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b03-137.
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Unharvested rice (Oryza sativa L.) straw gets incorporated into soil and interferes with the growth of the next season's crop. Water-soluble phenolics leached from straw into soil may suppress the growth of the next crop. A study was carried out to investigate (i) the effect of soil treated with rice straw (ashes of burned and unburned) leachates on seedling growth and foliar protein content of mustard (Brassica napus var. toria L.), (ii) the modification of rice straw phytotoxicity with abiotic soil, activated charcoal, and nitrogen solution, and (iii) any change in soil inorganic ions and phenolics after treatment with rice straw leachate. Maximum inhibition in root growth of mustard was observed when it was grown in soil treated with leachate prepared by using 100 g of unburned (71.1%, expt. 1; 60.2%, expt. 2) and ashes of burned straw (53.4%, expt. 1; 31.5%, expt. 2). Compared with the untreated control, an increase was observed in the total phenolic content of soil treated with straw leachate, prepared by taking 100, 80, 60, 40, and 20 g unburned straw. When soils were treated with leachate prepared by taking 100, 80, and 60 g straw, a lower level of inhibition was observed in abiotic soil compared with biotic soil. An opposite trend was observed when soil was treated with leachate prepared by taking 40 and 20 g straw. The addition of charcoal eliminated the inhibitory effects of rice straw leachate when leachates were prepared using 40 and 20 g straw. Inhibitory effects of soil treated with leachate prepared from 100 g straw on root growth of mustard were not eliminated after the addition of nitrogen solution. The present study showed that rice straw leachate interferes with seedling growth of mustard and that water-soluble phenolics play an important role in mustard seedling growth inhibition.Key words: allelopathy, rice straw, rice, mustard, phenolics.
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Urase, T., M. Salequzzaman, S. Kobayashi, T. Matsuo, K. Yamamoto, and N. Suzuki. "Effect of high concentration of organic and inorganic matters in landfill leachate on the treatment of heavy metals in very low concentration level." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0464.
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Various heavy metals in the landfill leachates were measured up to very low concentration levels of micrograms per litre. Though no violation to Japanese effluent standards was found in respect of individual metal, leachate or treated leachate it still contains higher concentrations of total heavy metals than surrounding water environment. The effluent concentration after treatment was of the same order as raw leachate. Maximum metal solubilities in leachate were calculated taking the presence of inorganic metal complexes into account. Solubilities of metals were high enough and they were not the limiting factor determining concentrations after coagulation. The coagulation with higher pH was not successful in reducing concentration of leachate - origin - metals contrary to the case of pure chemical metals. The heavy metals especially nickel and copper in the leachate were associated with organic matter and consequently they remained in solution unless organic matter was removed. Application of nanofiltration to leachate treatment was studied. It was possible to separate metals from less toxic salts by low retention nanofiltration membranes.
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Zloch, Jan, Magdalena Daria Vaverková, Dana Adamcová, Maja Radziemska, Tomáš Vyhnánek, Václav Trojan, Biljana Đorđević, and Martin Brtnický. "Seasonal Changes and Toxic Potency of Landfill Leachate for White Mustard (Sinapis alba L.)." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 66, no. 1 (2018): 235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201866010235.
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Landfills are the most broadly used methods for the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW). Leachate can be contaminated with pollutants that may pose a threat to the landfill surrounding namely soil, groundwater and surface waters.. Examination of leachate composition is determinative in long-term impact of landfills on the environment and human health. Moreover, it is essential to assess such prior knowledge for prevention of negative outcomes. The evaluation of the seasonal changes of landfill leachate and rainwater composition is presented in this paper. Research samples of leachate and rainwater were collected from February till June of 2017 (still ongoing) and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, series of trace elements, Subsequently the test of leachate toxicity for higher plants (Sinapis alba L.) was carried out. Up to now, the results do not indicate significant seasonal difference in landfill leachate composition, however the toxicity tests provided on Sinapis alba L. demonstrate that landfill leachates can present a significant source of contamination. This research can serve practical tools for evaluating quality and risk assessment for landfill leachate.
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Demers, Emmanuelle, Margit Kõiv-Vainik, Sara Yavari, Michel Mench, Lilian Marchand, Julie Vincent, Chloé Frédette, Yves Comeau, and Jacques Brisson. "Macrophyte Potential to Treat Leachate Contaminated with Wood Preservatives: Plant Tolerance and Bioaccumulation Capacity." Plants 9, no. 12 (December 14, 2020): 1774. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9121774.
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Pentachlorophenol and chromated copper arsenate (CCA) have been used worldwide as wood preservatives, but these compounds can toxify ecosystems when they leach into the soil and water. This study aimed to evaluate the capacity of four treatment wetland macrophytes, Phalaris arundinacea, Typha angustifolia, and two subspecies of Phragmites australis, to tolerate and treat leachates containing wood preservatives. The experiment was conducted using 96 plant pots in 12 tanks filled with three leachate concentrations compared to uncontaminated water. Biomass production and bioaccumulation were measured after 35 and 70 days of exposure. There were no significant effects of leachate contamination concentration on plant biomass for any species. No contaminants were detected in aboveground parts of the macrophytes, precluding their use for phytoextraction within the tested contamination levels. However, all species accumulated As and chlorinated phenols in belowground parts, and this accumulation was more prevalent under a more concentrated leachate. Up to 0.5 mg pentachlorophenol/kg (from 81 µg/L in the leachate) and 50 mg As/kg (from 330 µg/L in the leachate) were accumulated in the belowground biomass. Given their high productivity and tolerance to the contaminants, the tested macrophytes showed phytostabilization potential and could enhance the degradation of phenols from leachates contaminated with wood preservatives in treatment wetlands.
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Vaverková, Magdalena Daria, Jakub Elbl, Eugeniusz Koda, Dana Adamcová, Ayla Bilgin, Vojtěch Lukas, Anna Podlasek, et al. "Chemical Composition and Hazardous Effects of Leachate from the Active Municipal Solid Waste Landfill Surrounded by Farmlands." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 2, 2020): 4531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114531.
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Landfill leachates are potentially harmful to the environment and to human health. The objective of this study was to characterize leachates in order to analyze whether a relationship exists between the stored waste and the composition of leachates, and to detect possible leakages of pollutants into the environment. To achieve these objectives, field data, Global Positioning System data and physico-chemical data were used. Biological tests are becoming increasingly popular in determining leachate toxicity; therefore, two toxicity tests were performed with the seeds of white mustard (Sinapis alba L.) and duckweed (Lemna minor L.). Leachates were sampled from the leachate pond. Groundwater quality was monitored by using drill holes. The research and analysis carried out are important to determine their potential impact on agricultural areas located near the landfill. Demonstrably increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of heavy metals were detected only in the leachate pond which closes the landfill body, where it links up with the landfill insulation layer. Water sampled from drill holes reaching into groundwater was not contaminated. The results showed that the leachates did not leak outside the landfill. Nevertheless, they were found to be phytotoxic. Both toxicity tests showed that the increasing amount of leachates resulted in the increasing growth inhibition of the tested plants. The proper handling of leachates should have been ensured.
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Li, Yarong, Gary K. C. Low, Ying Lei, Cheryl E. Halim, and Rose Amal. "Microbial Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium in Landfill Leachate." Australian Journal of Chemistry 57, no. 10 (2004): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch04069.
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Landfill leachates were found to exhibit reducing properties whereby chromium(vi) was converted into chromium(iii). The reduction is attributed to a microbial process in the presence of high concentrations of organic materials in the leachates. Nonputrescible landfill leachate (NPLL) was found to reduce CrVI to a lesser extent than the municipal landfill leachate (MLL). Microbial reduction of CrVI was also found to occur under alkaline conditions in extracts from a cementitious waste. A 55% reduction of CrVI was achieved by enriching the extract with bacteria and organic material.
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Pradwi Sukma, Ayu Putri, and Wardiha Made Widiadnyana. "Aspects influence leachate characteristics on leachate treatment plants in Temesi Landfill Gianyar Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia." E3S Web of Conferences 148 (2020): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202014805001.
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This paper revealed aspects that influenced leachate characteristics in leachate treatment plants located in Temesi landfill. Four aspects observed refers to Law Number 3/2013 Ministry of Public Works: landfill operation; rainfalls; treatment plant designs; operation and maintenance. Data collected by observation and field survey to identify leachate characteristics. Leachates were collected by grab sampling from inlet through outlet of the treatment plants, to be laboratory analysed to meet the standards set by Ministry of Environmental and Forestry Number 59/2016 and compared to the standards. Leachate discharge calculated using Thornthwaite method to be compared to criteria designed. The result shown that leachate discharge is 0.45 L/sec exceeding the designed discharge 0.42 L/sec. Laboratory test result from leachate sampling shown that the BOD, COD and TSS value exceeding the regulation standard in range of > 2000 mg/L. Findings revealed that the depth of maturation ponds is 2.9 meters exceeded the designed criteria. It is found that the landfill operated with open dumping system and the treatment lagoons has never been regularly drained and recirculate. Those practices increase the leachate volume and degenerate the treatment functions. It can be concluded that the 4 aspects mentioned significantly influenced the leachate characteristics.
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Petry, Camila Tamires, Daiane Trindade Costa, and Annette Droste. "Removal of ammoniacal nitrogen from municipal landfill leachate with floating Typha domingensis (Typhaceae)." Acta Biológica Colombiana 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v25n1.74749.
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A promising method for the treatment of effluents is the use of floating macrophytes. Ammoniacal nitrogen is a typical compound present in urban landfill leachates and its removal is important due its toxicity to several organisms. Therefore, the study evaluated Typha domingensis survival and nitrification potential artificially floating in domestic solid waste leachate. Plants were exposed for 35 days to leachate (100, 75 and 50 %) and to rainwater with N:P:K (control). Dissolved oxygen (DO) of the treatments was periodically measured, and ammoniacal nitrogen, nitrite and nitrate were analyzed before and after exposure. At the end of the experiment, plant survival rate was calculated. After two weeks, DO increased twice in the control, three times in 50 % leachate, four times in 75 % leachate, and eight times in 100 % leachate. At the end of the experiment, ammoniacal nitrogen was no longer detected, there was a significant reduction of nitrite, and a significant increase of nitrate in the treatments containing leachate. Plant survival was higher in those individuals exposed to 100 % leachate and decreased at lower leachate concentrations: 98 %, 94 %, 92 %, and 86 %. The study demonstrated that the ammoniacal nitrogen concentration of the leachate was not toxic to T. domingensis, and that it was efficient in the removal of this compound from the effluent, indicating that the species may be used artificially floating for the removal of this contaminant from domestic solid waste landfill leachate when in low concentrations.
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Kasmara, Hikmat, Desti Pratiwi, Sundoro Yoga Azhary, Eko Sulistyo, Camellia Panatarani, and I. Made Joni. "Acute Toxicity Investigation of Landfill Leachates Treated with Fine Bubbles." Advanced Engineering Forum 41 (July 7, 2021): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.41.55.
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Landfill Leachates is one of the pollutants containing high organic matter and heavy metal which can cause toxic pollution to water due to less than optimal leachate processing. This study aims to introduce fine bubbles treatment to the leachate processing technology at the waste treatment facility at Sarimukti, West Java Indonesia. The toxicity test was conducted in the acute toxicity test and test for D. magna. The acute toxicity test was carried out using a static biological test according to APHA standards (1995). The LC50-48 hours ware calculates using the Finney Probit Analysis Software. The results showed that the effectiveness of Sarimukti TPA leachate treatment was 97.5% DO, 71% BOD, 86% TDS, and 74.8% turbidity. The XRF spectra on the leachate after fine bubble found a recovery of heavy metal elements such as Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Pb, As, and Sn. Based on the Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation, the effectiveness of leachate processing has reached the safe standard limit for pH, mercury, cadmium parameters. The acute toxicity of leachate before and after treatment fine bubble was 14.516 ppm and 11.178 ppm. The acute toxicity of leachate is considered almost non-toxic.
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Giagnoni, Laura, Luiz Gustavo dos Anjos Borges, Adriana Giongo, Andressa de Oliveira Silveira, Alexandria N. Ardissone, Eric W. Triplett, Michel Mench, and Giancarlo Renella. "Dolomite and Compost Amendments Enhance Cu Phytostabilization and Increase Microbiota of the Leachates from a Cu-Contaminated Soil." Agronomy 10, no. 5 (May 18, 2020): 719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10050719.
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The chemical properties, ecotoxicity, and microbiome of leachates from phytomanaged Cu-contaminated soils were analyzed. The phytomanagement was carried out using Cu-tolerant poplar Populus trichocarpa × deltoides cv. Beaupré and black bent Agrostis gigantea L., aided by soil amendments, i.e., dolomitic limestone (DL) and compost (OM), alone and in combination (OMDL). Plants plus either DL or OMDL amendments reduced in leachates the electrical conductivity, the Cu concentration, and the concentration of total organic C except for the OMDL treatment, and decreased leachate toxicity towards bacteria. Total N concentration increased in the OM leachates. The aided phytostabilization increased the culturable bacteria numbers and the proportion of Cu-resistant bacteria in the leachates, as compared to the leachate from the untreated soil. Phytomanagement also enriched the microbial communities of the leachates with plant beneficial bacteria. Overall, the Cu stabilization and phytomanagement induced positive changes in the microbial communities of the soil leachates.
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Amini Rad, Hasan, Moslem Salehi Ziri, and Leila Babaei. "Investigation of landfill leachate treatability for reuse in agricultural purposes." Water Practice and Technology 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2017.011.
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Leachates from landfills are one of the environmental challenges in developing countries, such as Iran that also will face water scarcity in the near future. Landfill leachate management to decrease the negative impact on water resources is indispensable. On the one hand, depending on the age of landfill, high ammonia concentration leachates could be a resource for use in agricultural purposes and on the other, treated leachate can be used as a valuable resource for agronomic irrigation. In order to investigate this hypothesis, landfill leachate was provided from the Sari municipal landfill in the north of Iran (COD = 7,045 mg/l; BOD5/COD = 0.36) and the performance of different combinations of biological, chemical and membrane processes were evaluated according to Iran's Agricultural Water Standard (IAWS). The treatment processes consisted of sequencing batch reactor (SBR), Fenton's process/SBR, and membrane/SBR/Fenton. Results indicated in addition to access IAWS, the treated leachate through Membrane/SBR/Fenton's process could be used as a nitrogen source for agricultural purposes. The removal efficiency of primary parameters, including COD, BOD5, turbidity, and color were 89%, 96%, 99% and 98%, respectively.
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Benradi, Fatima, Ayoub Doughmi, Mohamed Khamar, Essediya Cherkaoui, Abdelaziz Laghzizil, and Abderrahman Nounah. "Biological treatment of leachate wastewater mixture." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 10, no. 2 (February 2023): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2023.02.004.
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Leachates and domestic wastewater constitute a real problem for the environment, given their risks to surface water, groundwater, and the surrounding soil. Their management becomes delicate because of the demographic growth, and the standard of living of the population. Due to the reduction of water resources in the world, their treatment is very essential. In this study, samples of young raw leachate were collected and mixed with domestic wastewater. After a physicochemical and bacteriological characterization of leachate, domestic wastewater, and the mixture M1 (leachate ratios of 5%), an aerated biological treatment was carried out without adding activated sludge. Over a residence time period of six weeks, the chemical oxygen demand reduction rate reached 94.8% for the wastewater, 93.8% for the M1 mixture, and only 31.9% for the leachate. The addition of 5% young leachate to domestic wastewater does not affect the aerated biological treatment system, in addition, it is an inexpensive system.
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Zin, Nur Shaylinda Mohd, Hamidi Abdul Aziz, Mohd Nordin Adlan, Azlan Ariffin, Mohd Suffian Yusoff, and Irvan Dahlan. "A Comparative Study of Matang and Kuala Sembeling Landfills Leachate Characteristics." Applied Mechanics and Materials 361-363 (August 2013): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.361-363.776.
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Understanding the characteristic of leachate is important since it has complexity properties because of the variation in its composition. This study, analyzed and compared two leachate from two landfill sites, namely, Matang and Kuala Sembeling landfill. Leachate raw samples were collected by grab sampling and were analyzed for 11 parameters. The average concentrations of MLS and KSLS leachate such as BOD5 (146 and 61 mg/L), COD (828 and 363 mg/L), pH (7.6 and 8), SS (407 and 220 mg/L), ammonia (868 and 367 mg/L) , BOD/COD (0.18 and 0.14), cadmium (0.19 and 0.1 mg/L), cuprum (0.09 and 0.1 mg/L), nickel (0.17 and 0.1 mg/L), manganese (0.09 and 0.22 mg/L), and ferum (2.3 and 8.3 mg/L) were recorded, respectively. The results revealed that the both landfills are categorized as partially stabilized leachate. The strength of leachate pollutants from MLS are higher than KSLS because of the higher fraction of organics concentration. There are 5 parameters (BOD5, COD, ammonia, SS and cadmium) in MLS and 7 parameters (BOD5, COD, ammonia, SS, cadmium, manganese and ferum) in KSLS exceeded the permissible limit stated by MEQA (1974), and so leachates from both landfill sites need a suitable treatment to reduce the concentration of the leachate pollutants before discharge into environment.
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Ibrahim Irka, Chaher, Pascale Prudent, Frédéric Théraulaz, Anne-Marie Farnet Da Silva, Laurence Asia, Didier Gori, Laurent Vassalo, et al. "Treatment of Sewage Sludge Compost Leachates on a Green Waste Biopile: A Case Study for an On-Site Application." Processes 10, no. 6 (June 15, 2022): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10061196.
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This work proposes a suitable treatment for the leachates from a sewage sludge composting process using a specific windrow (biopile). The biopile’s evolution and organic content degradation were followed for 2 months with regular leachate spraying to assess the physico-chemical and biological impacts, and determine the risk of enrichment with certain monitored pollutants. The final objective was the valorization of the biopile substrates in the composting process, while respecting the quality standards of use in a circular economy way. Classical physico-chemical parameters (pH, conductivity, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), etc.) were measured in the leachates and in the water-extractable and dry-solid fractions of the biopile, and the catabolic evolution of the micro-organisms (diversity and activities), as well as the enrichment with persistent organic pollutants (POPs) (prioritized PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) and PCBs (polychlorinated biphenyls)), were determined. The results showed that the microbial populations that were already present in the biopile, and that are responsible for biodegradation, were not affected by leachate spraying. Even when the studied compost leachate was highly concentrated with ammonium nitrogen (10.4 gN L−1 on average), it significantly decreased in the biopile after 2 weeks. A study on the evolution of the isotopic signature (δ15 N) confirmed the loss of leachate nitrogen in its ammoniacal form. The bio-physico-chemical characteristics of the biopile at the end of the experiment were similar to those before the first spraying with leachate. Moreover, no significant enrichment with contaminants (metal trace elements, volatile fatty acids, or persistent organic pollutants) was observed. The results show that it would be possible for composting platforms to implement this inexpensive and sustainable process for the treatment of leachates.
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Wowkonowicz, Paweł, Marta Kijeńska, and Eugeniusz Koda. "Potential environmental risk assessment of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate emissions from a municipal solid waste landfill leachate." PeerJ 9 (October 1, 2021): e12163. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12163.
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Background In certain countries, including Poland, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste, together with di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) contained within (up to 60%), is mostly directed to municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. From there, over time, it is released from the polymer matrix and can migrate with landfill leachate into the environment. The amount of DEHP placed on the Polish market since the start of industrial production and the prevalent landfilling disposal of PVC waste in Poland, indicate that DEHP pollution can increase risk factors in the future. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of DEHP in leachates from a chosen MSW landfill directed to a local sewage treatment plant (STP) and estimate the associated potential risks to the environment. Results DEHP concentrations in leachates ranged from < LOQ to 394.4 µg/L, depending on the sampling year and season. DEHP is a pervasive environmental contaminant present in all investigated landfill leachate samples. The results from The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) modelling related to DEHP in leachate directed to STP indicated potentially unacceptable risk to freshwater organisms; and birds and mammals feeding on earthworms (where a sewage sludge applications in agriculture take place). The results indicated low risk for other environmental components including local fresh-water sediment, local soil and microorganisms of STP, and freshwater fish-eating birds and mammals. Conclusions Future DEHP emissions may occur after the technical lifetime of the landfill and/or decay its bottom sealing. To avoid contamination, the monitoring of landfills after closure should include DEHP concentrations and last longer than the recommended (inter alia in Poland) 30 years, or until emissions from PVC to leachate are eliminated. More research on leachate of DEHP and its potential risks should be conducted, utilising detailed modelling which can including other landfills and different routes of DEHP emissions in leachates.
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Kettern, J. T. "Biological or Chemico-Physical Landfill Leachate Purification - An Alternative or a Useful Combination." Water Science and Technology 26, no. 1-2 (July 1, 1992): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1992.0394.
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The passing of the “General Administrative Regulations on Minimum Requirements for the Discharge of Sewage to Waters”, and particularly Annex 51, has far-reaching implications for landfill leachate treatment. The administrative regulations prescribe limits which entail treatment according to good engineering practice and state-of-the-art technology. The paper describes leachates from different types of landfill, discusses state-of-the-art leachate treatment technology and presents some recent developments.
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Rashid, Sozan W., Dler M. S. Shwan, and Khsraw A. Rashid. "Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of Seasonal Variations of Landfill Leachate and Groundwater Quality around Tanjaro Open Dump Area of Sulaymaniyah City, Kurdistan, Iraq." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (December 20, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8574935.
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The current study is concerned with the primary environmental assessment of the physicochemical characterization of seasonal fluctuations in the leachate of Tanjaro open dump site in Sulaymaniyah City, and its impact on the quality of the groundwater. The primary characteristics of the leachates were their high levels of organic and inorganic components and their toxicity because of the presence of heavy metal concentrations. For almost all physicochemical parameters, the leachate from the Tanjaro area dumping has incredibly high values. All heavy metals were present in leachate, with the exception of cadmium and mercury, albeit at levels below their respective permitted limits. The characterization revealed that Leachate 1 (L1) may be referred to as young leachate, whereas Leachate 2 (L2) and Leachate 3 (L3) can be referred to as old leachate due to their pH values. It was indicated that the Tanjaro dumping is operating and in the early stages of stabilization. BOD5/COD was around 0.63, and the leachate was highly biodegradable in the anaerobic phase. Groundwater, which contains little to no organic matter, was not found to be severely affected by monitoring wells located close to the dumpsites. The conductivity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, Mn, and Fe were some of the values that went above the WHO guidelines. Correlation analysis was used as a preliminary descriptive technique to establish the strength of the association between the relevant variables. Some parameters were discovered to be statistically significantly correlated with one another, pointing to a close connection between these parameters.
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Méndez Novelo, Roger Iván, Refugio Bernardo García Reyes, Elba René Castillo Borges, and María Rosa Sauri Riancho. "Treating leachate by Fenton oxidation." Ingeniería e Investigación 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 80–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v30n1.15212.
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Leachates are formed from liquids, mainly rainwater, percolating through solid wastes during stabilisation. Their composition is variable and highly toxic; leachate treatment is therefore a complex task. Leachates represent a high risk to health due to the Yucatan Peninsulas highly permeable soil. The results are presented from applying the Fenton process to treating leachate from the sanitary Merida landfill, Yucatan, Mexico. The Fenton process consists of treating the contaminant load with an H2O2 and FeSO4 combination in acidic conditions. Optimal reaction time, pH value, Fenton reagent dose, post treatment coagulation - flocculation doses and increased biodegradability index were all determined. Optimal oxidation conditions and doses were 20 minute contact time, 4 pH, 600 mg/L H2O2 concentration and 1,000 mg/L Fe2+. Average organic matter removal rate, measured as CODS and TOC, were 78% and 87% respectively. The biodegradability index increased from 0.07 to 0.11 during the Fenton process and up to 0.13 when the Fenton process was followed by coagulation-flocculation.
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Petrangeli Papini, M., M. Majone, and E. Rolle. "Kaolinite sorption of Cd, Ni and Cu from landfill leachates: influence of leachate composition." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 2-3 (July 1, 2001): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0788.
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Heavy metal speciation in landfill leachates plays a significant role in determining the mobility during the percolation through soils. The complexation characteristics of landfill leachate directly affects heavy metal solubility and the extent of the interaction with soils, lowering or arising the sorbed amount depending on the relative affinity of the complexed metal and uncomplexed form to soil adsorption sites. In this paper, the adsorption of Cd, Ni and Cu onto kaolinite from three leachates (collected from landfill at different fermentation stage) is studied, also in comparison with metal speciation by two different operative procedures. The heavy metals, at their natural concentration, were divided into operational classes according to an exchange-based procedure and by fractionation on the basis of molecular weight (exchange onto Chelex100 resin and ultrafiltration, respectively). All the experiments were performed also on synthetic solutions designed according to leachate composition and theoretical speciation. The experimental results have shown leachate complexing capacity is strongly dependent on landfill age, and that broad parameters such as COD, DOC, pH, ionic strength and VFA concentration are not able to predict it. It is notheworthy that the strong complexing capacity of leachate can cause extraction of metals from the solid phase instead of adsorption from the liquid one.
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Hoai, Son Tran, Huong Nguyen Lan, Nga Tran Thi Viet, Giang Nguyen Hoang, and Ken Kawamoto. "Characterizing Seasonal Variation in Landfill Leachate Using Leachate Pollution Index (LPI) at Nam Son Solid Waste Landfill in Hanoi, Vietnam." Environments 8, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environments8030017.
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The improper treatment of landfill leachates is one of the major problems associated with waste landfilling and causes serious environmental pollution at waste landfill sites and their surroundings. To develop a suitable landfill leachate treatment system and to minimize the risk of environmental pollution, it is important to characterize seasonal and temporal variations of landfill leachates. This study investigated the leachate quality of the Nam Son waste landfill in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2017–2019 and characterized the potential risks of landfill leachate using a leachate pollution index (LPI). The results of this study showed that the seasonal and temporal variation of the overall LPI during the monitoring period was small and in the range of 20–25 (values 2.5 times higher than the maximum permissible limits of Vietnam National Technical Regulation on Industrial Wastewater). The LPI sub-indices attributed to organic and inorganic pollutants were major components of the LPI. Especially, the annually averaged values of LPI of inorganic pollutants were 7.7 times higher than the maximum permissible limits, suggesting that the treatment of inorganic pollutants, such as ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+–N) and total nitrogen (TN), is highly required at Nam Son landfill to prevent environmental pollution surrounding the landfill site.
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Rawat, Pravin, S. S. Narkhede, A. D. Rane, V. M. Mhaiske, and V. V. Dalvi. "Allelopathic effect of Dendrocalamus stocksii (Munro.) on growth and yield of ground nut (Arachis hypogaea)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 10, no. 3 (August 9, 2018): 881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v10i3.1740.
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The present study was conducted to assess allelopathic effect of Dendrocalamus stocksii (Munro.) on the growth and yield of ground nut (Arachis hypogaea). Bamboo leaf leachate was prepared by soaking the dry leaves in tap water for 24 hours in a ratio of 1:10 w/v. Using prepared leachate as stock solution the leachate of various concentrations viz., control (0%), 25, 50 and 75 and 100 per cent were prepared by adding tap water accordingly. The results revealed the concentration-dependent significant (p=0.05) inhibitory effect of bamboo leaf leachates on the germination, radicle and plumule length of groundnut in laboratory condition. The leaf leachate of 100% concentration reduced down the germination percentage (56%), radicle length (3.00 cm) and plumule length (5.36 cm) as compared to control treatment where the germination percentage (86.66%), radicle length (5.02 cm) and plumule length (12.08 cm) were maximum. Similarly, the allelopathic effect of leaf leachate on transplanted seedlings of groundnut in prepared beds inside the poly house were significantly (p=0.05) inhibitory for the test seed weight and straw yield/ha. Minimum test seed weight (430.33 g) was recorded in the treatment of 25 % concentration as compared to control (601.33 g) and straw yield per hectare in the treatment of 100 % concentration (2421.1 kg/ha) as compared to control (4729.4 kg/ha). However, the non- significant effect of leaf leachate was observed on other yield parameters i.e., number of tillers per plant, number of pods / plant, test seed weight, seed yield per plant, number of seeds per pod and grain yield per ha. Finally, it is concluded that the harmful effect of leaf leachates of Dendrocalamus stocksii is more prominent in early stage of germination, emergence of radicle and plumule etc., rather than after transplanting; it is recommended to avoid the effect of these allelochemicals in early growth stage in field condition.
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Kholomyeva, Marina, Radek Vurm, Lucia Tajnaiová, Marek Šír, Mariya Maslova, and Vladimír Kočí. "Phycoremediation of Landfill Leachate with Desmodesmus subspicatus: A Pre-Treatment for Reverse Osmosis." Water 12, no. 6 (June 20, 2020): 1755. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12061755.
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Reverse osmosis is widely used as one of the most effective and advanced technologies for the treatment of leachate from landfill sites. Unfortunately, high leachate contamination—above all, ammonia nitrogen—affects membrane selectivity and is reflected in permeate quality. Furthermore, iron contained in leachate can facilitate chelates forming, which reduces the membrane anti-fouling capacity. The addition of a pre-treatment step could alleviate the adverse impact of the pollutants. As such, we investigated pollutant removal by phycoremediation. Initial ecotoxicity tests of three algal strains (Scenedesmus obliquus (S. obliquus), Desmodesmus subspicatus (D. subspicatus), and Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris)) identified D. subspicatus as the strain most tolerant to leachate toxicity. Subsequently, D. subspicatus was cultivated in six landfill leachates of different origin and, after the cultivation, removal rates were determined for ammonia nitrogen and iron. Furthermore, the impact of input leachate parameters on remediation efficiency was also investigated. By phycoremediation, the reduction of up to 100% in iron and 83% in ammonia nitrogen load was achieved, which demonstrates the high potential of microalgae to mitigate environmental risks and reduce membrane foulant content.
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Shaari, Asma Liyana, Siti Norsyuhaila Che Sa, Misni Surif, Noorazah Zolkarnain, and Razmah Ghazali. "Growth of Marine Microalgae in Landfill Leachate and Their Ability as Pollutants Removal." Tropical Life Sciences Research 32, no. 2 (June 29, 2021): 133–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/tlsr2021.32.2.9.
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Leachate from landfill contains concentrated nutrients that may enter the terrestrial and aquatic environment, including nearby coastal areas. The nutrient contaminants eventually bring harm to marine organisms, including microalgae. This study was performed to investigate the growth of two green microalgal species, i.e. Chlorella sp. and Nannochloropsis sp. in diluted landfill leachate. Besides, the ability of nutrient removal by these microalgal was also explored from the changes of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and nutrients content. The initial and final concentrations of COD, NH3-N, and PO43- in the diluted leachate (5%, 10% and 15%) were measured and the growth patterns of these species were determined by counting the cell numbers for 12 days. Comparison of these microalgae showed that the growth rate of Nannochloropsis was significantly higher compared to Chlorella in all leachate concentrations. Leachate at 5% enhanced the growth of both microalgae, while leachates at 10% and 15% decreased their growth as early as at the beginning of the test. It is apparent that the less concentrated leachate discharged into seawater would not pose any toxicity to the environment and would not bear adverse effect to microalgae yet could promote their growth. This study also revealed that the microalgae could remediate leachate pollution by its ability of nutrient removal; thus, leading to the potential application in wastewater bioremediation, including industrial waste and palm oil mill effluent.
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Butcher, E. J., J. Borwick, N. Collier, and S. J. Williams. "Long term leachate evolution during flow-through leaching of a vault backfill (NRVB)." Mineralogical Magazine 76, no. 8 (December 2012): 3023–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.2012.076.8.18.
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AbstractSome of the illustrative concepts for the disposal of intermediate-level waste in a geological disposal facility in the UK employ a cementitious backfill around the waste packages. The concept for higher strength rocks would use a highly alkaline backfill composed of Portland cement (now known as CEM I), hydrated lime and limestone flour, referred to as Nirex reference vault backfill (NRVB).This paper reports a study of the extensive leaching of cured NRVB in a range of generic leachant compositions (deionized water, 0.1 M and 1 M NaCl solutions) under flow-through conditions using a flexible wall permeameter. The experiments were designed to run for up to two years and to pass at least 1000 volumes of leachant (defined as the cumulative leachate volume produced/NRVB solid specimen volume) through the NRVB samples. Results for the pH evolution profiles of the leachates and the microstructural analysis of the unleached and leached samples are presented.
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Harjito, Harjito, Suntoro Suntoro, Totok Gunawan, and M. Maskuri. "Underground Leachate Distribution Based on Electrical Resistivity in Piyungan Landfill, Bantul." Indonesian Journal of Geography 50, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.18315.
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Piyungan Landfill is constructed to accommodate the disposal of wastes from Yogyakarta City, Sleman Regency, and Bantul Regency. Overland flow that passes through landfillsand potentially dissolves organic and anorganic materials in a high concentration is referred to as leachate. Leachate is easily transported by overland flow. It can seep through soil or land surface and, then, infiltrate into groundwater, which is commonly accessed through residential wells. Therefore, a study on leachate distribution pattern from landfill to the surrounding area becomes necessary particularly due to the potential of leachate to contaminate the environment via groundwater whose characters are latent and difficult to monitor. This research aims to (1) identify areas that experience groundwater pollution caused by leachate movement, (2) identify the distribution of electrical resistivity in polluted areas as well as the spread direction of leachateto the surrounding area, and (3) to develop a leachate management model. This research uses Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) survey in order to identify the distribution of electrical resistivity in polluted areas. Groundwater quality analysis is used for validating the interpretation of ERT survey. The spread direction of leachate is identified from stratigraphic Fance model correlated with geologic and hydrologic data. The results show that groundwater contamination has occurred in the research area, as indicated by very low electrical resistivity in aquifer zone, i.e. 3-9 Ωm. Such low electrical resistivity is caused byincreased ions in groundwater as the results of leachate migrating downward into groundwater. The increased ions will trigger an increase in electrical conductivity (EC), i.e. up to 1,284 μmhos/cm, and a decline in electrical resistivity. The leachate spreads westward and northward at a depth of 6-17 m (aquifer) with a thickness of pollution between 4-11 m. The recommended landfill management model, emphasizing on leachate movement, include base lining (liner), leachate collection channel, geomembrane cap, and leachate treatment.
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Yenis Septiariva, Iva, Tri Padmi, Enri Damanhuri, and Qomarudin Helmy. "A study on municipal leachate treatment through a combination of biological processes and ozonation." MATEC Web of Conferences 276 (2019): 06030. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201927606030.
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Landfill is the most commonly method of municipal solid waste disposal in many countries. This practice has great potential to produce highly polluted leachate in massive quantities, which can cause environmental contamination. Biological processes are known as a common method to treat municipal leachate however this process alone in is less effective, especially in reducing the concentration of organic pollutants (BOD5/COD ratio). Leachate properties are site-specific and greatly influenced by landfill age. This study focuses on the investigation of treatment methods that can increase the extent of leachate biodegradability by applying an ozone concentration of 2.5 mg/L with up to 360 minutes of contact time. In this study, batch reactors were used and operated in anaerobic and aerobic conditions. The leachate used here represents both young and old leachate. Several treatment combinations were compared: Variation I (a combination of biologically aerobic and anaerobic process), Variation II (ozonation included as a pre-treatment process), and Variation III (ozonation was included as a post-treatment process). The results suggest that the BOD5/COD ratios of young and old leachates were 0.58 and 0.21, respectively. The COD removal for a young and old leachate treatment by biological process alone was 96.8% and 50.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, a combination of anaerobic-ozonation-aerobic processes gave better COD removal. Ozonation had a significant effect on the old leachate treatment, where the COD removal rose from 50.8% to 75%. Ozonation is a type of technology that can be applied to a subsequence treatment of biological processes in order to elevate the COD removal efficiency.
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Paxéus, N. "Organic compounds in municipal landfill leachates." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 7-8 (October 1, 2000): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0585.
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Leachates from three municipal landfills in the Göteborg area of western Sweden were characterised in terms of their content of individual organic compounds. Two of the investigated landfills were still in use during the time of this study. The third landfill was closed down in the mid-seventies. More than 200 individual organic compounds and classes of compounds were identified in the leachate with concentrations ranging from less than one up to several hundred μg/L. Among the compounds common to all three landfills were plasticizers (phthalates, benzenesulfonamides), phosphate esters, substituted phenols, chlorinated phenols, phenolic antioxidants and siloxanes as well as the compounds formed during the degradation of organic wastes (dihydro-dioxin, pyrazines and several sulphur-containing odorous volatiles). Dioxanes and dioxolans found in the leachates have not been previously reported. Compounds originated from previously disposed oil contaminated wastes dominate the leachate from an old closed landfill. Its replacement, a new regional landfill has a leachate dominated by alcohols and ethers. This difference is attributed to regional measures in waste management.
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Fu, Yu, and Yan Shan Cui. "Removal Soil Lead (Pb) from EDTA Leachate by Bentonite and Modified Bentonite." Advanced Materials Research 335-336 (September 2011): 230–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.335-336.230.
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There is little information about removal soil Pb from EDTA leachate. Modified bentonite was successfully synthesized from original bentonite and iron (Fe) in this study. Removal efficiency of Pb from the EDTA leachate using the modified bentonite was higher than that of original bentonite. The highest removal efficiency of Pb was 65% with modified bentonite with pH 3.0. The results of this work proposed a potential way for removal of soil Pb from the EDTA leachates.
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Mitterecker, Jonas, Milica Košević, Srecko Stopic, Bernd Friedrich, Vladimir Panić, Jasmina Stevanović, and Marija Mihailović. "Electrochemical Investigation of Lateritic Ore Leaching Solutions for Ni and Co Ions Extraction." Metals 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020325.
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Determination of the extractive behavior of ionic species from lateritic ore leachates is complex, since the leachates are pregnant with tens of different ions in, as a rule, multiple oxide states. To examine the possible pathways of intrinsic electrochemical extraction of the crucial elements Ni and Co, it was necessary to make model solutions of these elements and to subject them to electrochemical examination techniques in order to obtain a benchmark. Beside Ni and Co, the model system for Fe had to be evaluated. Iron, as a dominant ore component by far, is the main interfering factor in the extraction processes of Ni and Co in rather low amounts from leaching solution. The leachate examination results were compared to separate model solutions, as well as to their combinations in concentrations and to pH values comparable to those of the leachate. The separation of the leachate components was initially performed by continuous increase in pH upon leaching with NaOH solution, and afterwards the pH-adjusted solutions were subjected to electrochemical investigation. With the purpose of connecting and quantifying the visual changes in leachate upon increase in pH, conductometric measurements were performed. Reactions of oxidation/precipitations were indicated, which led to the essential Fe removal by precipitation. Resulting solutions were found suitable for Ni and Co electrochemical extraction.
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Bujnovský, Radoslav, Štefan Koco, Roman Cibulka, Andrea Vranovská, and Dana Vrablíková. "Nitrate Concentration in Leachate—Essential Information for Reducing Nitrogen Surplus and Groundwater Pollution from Agricultural Land in Slovakia." Agriculture 12, no. 4 (March 31, 2022): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040493.
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The aim of the study was to detect nitrate concentrations in leachate within agricultural land in three districts of Slovakia, namely Nitra, Nové Zámky and Dunajská Streda as well as in the DEEPWATER-CE pilot area. Using the average values of leachable nitrogen in the period 2015–2018 and the long-term amount of percolated water, the nitrate concentration values in leachate were detected. In most defined groundwater monitoring sites, the current nitrogen surplus and corresponding nitrate concentration in leachate create preconditions for the gradual reduction of groundwater nitrate pollution. However, in some groundwater monitoring places, especially in the Nitra district, the nitrate concentration in leachate exceeds 50 mg L−1, which is completely unacceptable from the point of groundwater pollution. In detected hot-spots, it is necessary to reduce the nitrogen surplus up to 15 kg ha−1 on average per year. In this sense, the nitrate concentration in leachate is an important indicator for the revision of existing measures in agriculture.
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Owings, Allen D., Edward W. Bush, and Mitchell W. Goyne. "Influence of Bark, Dolomite, and Fertilizer Sources on Leachate pH of Nursery Medium." HortScience 32, no. 4 (July 1997): 592E—592. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.32.4.592e.
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Leachates were collected at 3-month intervals over 12 months to determine the influence of bark, controlled-release fertilizer, and dolomitic lime sources and dolomitic lime application rates on pH of nursery media. The randomized complete-block design was arranged as a factorial and included three bark sources (pinebark, hardwood, and pinebark + hardwood), two fertilizer sources (Nutricote 17-7-8 and SierraBlen 18-7-10), and two dolomitic lime sources (microencapsulated granular and pulverized). Dolomitic lime application rates were 0, 5, 10, and 15 pounds per cubic yard. Leachate pH was influenced over the one-year evaluation period by fertilizer source, bark source, and application rate of dolomitic lime. Dolomitic lime source was not a significant factor in adjustment of leachate pH. Pinebark medium had lower leachate pHs than hardwood medium and the medium containing hardwood and pinebark. Dolomitic lime influenced leachate pH of pinebark medium more than the other bark sources. SierraBlen was more acid-forming than Nutricote.
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van Praagh, Martijn, and Bettina Liebmann. "MICROPLASTICS IN LANDFILL LEACHATES IN THREE NORDIC COUNTRIES." Detritus, no. 17 (December 28, 2021): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.31025/2611-4135/2021.15149.
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We investigated the occurrence of microplastics (size range 5,000-50 µm) in leachates at 11 landfills of different age and operational status in Finland, Iceland and Norway. Collective sampling was carried out by pumping leachate with a stainless-steel submergible pump through a custom-made, stainless-steel filter unit containing filter plates with decreasing pore sizes (5,000, 417 and 47 µm, respectively). Samples were pre-treated and split into particles size classes above 500 μm and above 50 μm, and screened for occurrence of microplastics made of PE, PP, PVC, PS, PET, PA, PU, PC, PMMA, POM, SBR (rubber) or PMB (polymer modified bitumen). Samples were analysed by FT-IR spectroscopy, both to identify and to count microplastic particles (SBR and PMB were merely identified). Most samples tested positive for multiple microplastics. Three leachates, including drinking water (blank), tested positive for SBR particles and/or PMB only. Treated leachate samples exhibited lower total microplastic’s counts than untreated, up to several orders of magnitude. National waste management practices over time, landfill age or operational status do not seem to explain differences in microplastic abundance or counts between leachates. Particle count and calculated loads of microplastic emissions through leachates differed several orders of magnitude between landfills. Results indicate that landfill leachates might be a relatively small source of microplastics (>50 µm) to surface waters compared to untreated and treated sewage or road runoff. Continued data acquisition, improved sample preparation and understanding of variability of microplastics in landfill leachate are necessary, including particles smaller than 50 µm.
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Jantzen, Carol M., and Charles L. Crawford. "Hierarchical Modeling of HLW Glass-Gel-Solution Systems for Stage 3 Glass Degradation." MRS Proceedings 1744 (2015): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.469.
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ABSTRACTThe necessity to a priori predict the durability of high level nuclear waste (HLW) glasses on extended time scales has led to a variety of modeling approaches based primarily on solution (leachate) concentrations. The glass composition and structure control the leachate and the gel compositions which in turn control what reaction products form: the leached layer is a hydrogel and reacts with the solution (leachate) to form secondary phases some of which cause accelerated glass dissolution which is undesirable. Glasses with molar excess alkali that is not bound to glass forming (Al,Fe,B)O4 structural groups in the glass resume accelerated leaching. The hydrogels of the glasses that resume accelerated leaching at long times contain excess alkali and the leachates contain excess strong base, [SB]ex. The [SB]ex further accelerates aluminosilicate gel aging into analcime with time. Glasses with no excess molar structural alkali do not resume accelerated leaching: the glass generates weak acids, [WA], in the leachate favoring hydrogel aging into clays. These data indicate that the gel layer transforms to secondary phases in situ in response to interactions with the chemistry of a continuously evolving leachate.