Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Le système Sepax 2'
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Kouhil, Menasria Naziha. "Islet Cell Purification Systems : Integration of Novel Repurposed GMP Closed-System Technologies from Evaluation to Patent Implementation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ULILS083.
Full textThe optimization of islet cell purification is crucial for advancing cell-based therapies for type 1 diabetes, requiring innovative, GMP-compliant technologies to improve process efficiency, automation, and scalability. This thesis evaluates two key technologies used in islet purification. The first study evaluates the impact of a novel cooling system on the islet cell purification process. This system ensures precise temperature control during density gradient purification by providing pressurized cooling, effectively stabilizing the temperature while maintains the sterility of the GMP cleanroom environment. As a cost-effective and minimally invasive solution, this cooling system holds promises to cool another cell therapy equipment the majority of which offer no cooling option.The core focus of My thesis is the repurposing of the Sepax 2C Pro- Sefia system, a closed-system technology originally developed for hematopoietic stem cell processing, for human islet cell purification. With the Cobe 2991 system being phased out in Europe by 2025 and globally by 2031, the Sepax 2 - Sefia platform offers a fully automated, GMP-compliant alternative. It automates key steps in the islet purification process, reduces manual handling, and improves process reproducibility, making it a ground-breaking solution for both clinical and research applications in islet transplantation. Building on the findings a patent: “Systems and Methods for Tissue Processing,” was filed to protect the novel approach developed for the repurposed Sepax 2 - Sefia system ensuring the intellectual property is secured and facilitating the future application of this system in clinical settings. Through the integration of these technological advancements, including a patented method for tissue processing, this thesis provides a comprehensive framework to replace the Cobe 2991 system, ensuring the continuity of clinical islet isolation and contributing to more effective therapies for patients with type1 diabetes (allografts) but also patients with pancreatic pathologies (autografts)
Radiguet, Serge. "Gestion explicite du retour-arrière dans un système d'apprentissage par l'action : le système CHOSE.2." Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPG0177.
Full textAmbrosi, Jean-Paul. "Modélisation thermodynamique de l'altération latéritique dans le système Fe(2)O(3) - Al(2)O(3) - SiO(2) - H(2)O." Poitiers, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990POIT2327.
Full textAnas, Guédira. "Système de refroidissement hybride d'un convertisseur CA/CA de 2 kW." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 1992. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/5312/1/000597734.pdf.
Full textBolin, Bryce. "Identification de familles d’astéroïdes âgées de plus de 2 milliards d’années." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR4035/document.
Full textAsteroid families are the remnant fragments of asteroids broken apart by collisions. There are only a few known Main Belt (MB) asteroid families with ages greater than 2 Gyr (Brož et al., 2013; Spoto et al., 2015). Estimates based on the family producing collision rate suggest that the lack of > 2 Gyr-old families may be due to a selection bias in classic techniques used to identify families. Family fragments disperse in their orbital elements, semimajor axis, a, eccentricity, e, and inclination, i, due to secular resonances, mean motion resonances, close encounters, secondary collisions and the nongravitational Yarkovsky force. This causes the family fragments to be more difficult to identify with the hierarchical clustering method (HCM), which attempts to find cluster in orbital element space, when applied to family fragments’ elements as the fragments age. We have developed a new technique that is insensitive to the spreading of fragments in e and i by searching for V-shaped correlations of family members in a and asteroid diameter, D. A group of asteroids is identified as a collisional family if its boundary in the a vs. 1/D plane has a characteristic V-shape which is due to the size dependent Yarkovsky effect. The V-shape technique is demonstrated on the known families and families difficult to identify by HCM, and used to discover a 4 Gyr-old family linking most dark asteroids in the inner MB not included in any known family (Delbo' et al., 2017). The 4 Gyr-old family reveals asteroids with D > 35 km that do not belong to any asteroid family implying that they originally accreted from the protoplanetary disk and support recent theories on the formation of asteroids (Morbidelli et al., 2009). The V-shape detection tool is also a powerful analysis method for finding the boundary of an asteroid family and fitting for its shape. Thermal properties of the surfaces of asteroids such as the thermal inertia, Γ, determine the magnitude of the drift rate cause by the Yarkovsky force. Following the proposed anti-correlation between Γ and and D (Delbo' & Tanga, 2009; Delbo' et al., 2015), the Yarkovsky effect may have a more complex D dependence than previously thought, causing the family V-shape boundary to be curved in a vs. 1/D space. The V-shape tool is capable of detecting this curvature on synthetic families and was deployed on >20 families located throughout the MB to find this effect. The curvature of family V-shapes implies on average that the Yarkovsky drift rate scales with D^-(0.8-0.9). We find that there is no correlation between family age and V-shape curvature for families older than 100 Myrs. Additionally, the V-shape curvature decreases for asteroid families with larger a suggesting that the relationship between Γ and D is less anti-correlated in the Outer MB. By examining families <20 Myrs-old with the V-shape technique, we can separate family V-shapes caused by the initial ejection of fragments from those that are caused by the Yarkovsky effect. We constrain the initial velocity of young families by measuring the curvature of their fragments’ V-shape in a vs. 1/D space. We measure the V-shape curvature of 11 asteroid families that are too young for most of their known fragments to have undergone significant evolution in semi-major axis due to the Yarkovsky effect. We find that the majority of asteroid families in our sample have initial ejection velocity fields that scale with 1/D supporting the laboratory impact experiments and computer simulations of disrupting asteroid family parent bodies (Fujiwara et al., 1989; Michel et al., 2001; Durda et al., 2004; Nesvorný et al., 2006). In addition, the difference in curvature between <20 Myr-old families from the curvature of older family V-shapes evolved is independent evidence separating initial ejection velocity V-shapes from Yarkovsky V-shapes
Parigot, Didier. "Transformations, évaluation incrémentale et optimisations des grammaires attribuées : le système FNC-2." Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112131.
Full textMagnaudeix, Amandine. "Autophagie dans le système nerveux central et neuroprotections." Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f8750ab0-942b-4d05-b301-eb326ff206c1/blobholder:0/2011LIMO310A.pdf.
Full textMacroautophagy is one of the major catabolic routes in the eukaryotic cell. This process plays an important role in the protein homeostasis maintenance. Presence of protein aggregates in the brain are a common characteristic of most of neurodegenerative diseases. In the case of Alzheimer’s disease, these aggregates consist in extracellular deposits of amyloid-! peptide and intraneuronal aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau. Whether these anbnormalities are directly involved in pathogenesis or are a consequence is not yet established. During aging, which is a major risk factor for appearance of neurodegenerative diseases, catabolic pathway activity is down-regulated. Abolition of autophagy in the mouse CNS is sufficient to cause the neurodegeneration and intraneuronal protein inclusion formation. Autophagy induction in vitro and in vivo protects against pathological protein overexpression. Consequently, autophagy can be considered as a neuroprotective mechanism. During this work, we showed that basal autophagic activity was low in neurons when compared to astrocytes, leading us to emit the hypothesis that this low autophagic activity could be a neuronal intrinsic property contributing to protein aggregate accumulation during development of neurodegenerative pathologies. Autophagy induction being neuroprotective, we characterised the pro-autophagic properties of an anti-fungal molecule, Amphotericin B (AmB) in cell lines and rat neuronal primary cultures where its effect is moderate. However, AmB neuroprotective capacities need to be determined. Beside, we showed that pharmacological or molecular inactivation of PP2A in primary cortical neuronal cultures, inhibited autophagy in early stages of the process associated with the formation of intraneuronal p62- and ubiquitin-positive inclusions. Moreover, PP2A inhibition leaded to abnormalities of LC3-I distribution, key protein of the autophagic core machinery, between soluble- and insoluble-Triton X-100 fractions. Significance of this maldistribution as well as the molecular mechanisms of PP2A involvement in regulation of autophagy remain to be determined. These data are important since they provide links between three pathological features observed in Alzheimer’s disease : down-regulation of PP2A, autophagy abnormalities and protein aggregation
Heuzé, Jean. "Collisions ionisantes du système He (2¹S, 2³S) + He(1¹S) en présence d’un champ électromagnétique intense." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112078.
Full textCoursol, Pascal. "Étude expérimentale et modélisation thermodynamique du sous-système CuO¦1/¦2-CaO-NaO¦1/¦2 en équilibre avec du cuivre." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ65559.pdf.
Full textBouchet-Schricke, Rosine. "Etude thermodynamique des équilibres solide-liquide dans le système quaternaire H2O - Y(NO3)3 - Ba(NO3)2 - Cu(NO3)2." Lyon 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LYO10051.
Full textWahbi, Mernissi Khalid. "Étude exploratoire du système AG-HG-S : Synthèse de l'imitérite AG::(2)HGS::(2) stabilité thermique, caractérisation électrique et optique." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10090.
Full textClère, Nicolas. "Système rénine angiotensine et développement tumoral." Angers, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008ANGE0067.
Full textKnown for its regulation of blood pressure and cardiovascular homeostasis, the renin angiotensin system (RAS) is also involved in cell phenotypic modifications responsible for tumor initiation or development. Angiotensin II (Angll) is an intermediary of RAS and is responsible for mitogenic and angiogenic activities explaining cellular changes. Its actions were carried through G-protein-coupled receptors as ATIR and AT2R. Angll and its receptors were found in various tumors and may act on different stages of tumor proliferation. The objective of this work was to identify the RSA intermediaries and to clarify their role in tumor development. In a first study, having verified AT2R was expressed in a large quantity in a mouse cell carcinoma model. We were interested in its role in tumor growth. Also, our works has shown that the AT2R deficiency or pharmacological blockade With PDI 23,319 delayed tumor development by inhibiting cell proliferation and tumor angiogenesis. In a second study, to assess the impact of changes in blood pressure in tumor progression, high blood pressure was induced by endothelin-l (ET-1) in mice which were injected tumor cells. Mice were daily treated With antihypertensive treatments such as angiotensin receptor 1 blocker (ARB) or ACE inhibitors. Thus, treatment With candesartan can reduce tumor growth induced by an increase of blood pressure, mainly by reducing tumor angiogenesis. Our study has shown the interest of ATIR and AT2R in tumor growth and has confirmed
Boulle, Nathalie. "Analyse du système des insulin-like growth factors (IGF) et du fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) dans la tumorigenèse corticosurrenalienne." Paris 11, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA11T006.
Full textLn adrenocortical tumors, malignant phenotype is associated with abnormalities at the 11p15 locus and overexpression of the IGF-11 gene. Here, we show that IGF-11 mRNA is efficiently translated and that malignant adrenocortical tumors contain large amounts of IGF-11 protein, mainly in its prohormone form. The same tumors exhibit a high content in IGFBP-2 protein, an IGFBP being frequently expressed in tumor cells. The H295R cell line, which is derived from a human adrenal carcinoma, express high levels of both IGF-11 and IGFBP-2 and represents a suitable in vitro model to study adrenocortical tumorigenesis. Using this cell line, we could demonstrate that IGF-11 is involved in the proliferation of adrenocortical tumor cells, after binding to the type 1 IGF receptor. The interest of plasma IGFBP-2 as a marker for adrenocortical carcinoma was evaluated. Our results show that high levels of IGFBP-2 are specifically detected in the plasma of patients with malignant adrenocortical tumors. However, the increase in IGFBP-2 levels occur at a late stage of tumor progression (metastatic stage). This indicates a poor sensitivity for plasma IGFBP-2, which may limit its interest as a tumor marker. We also studied the effects of FGF-2 on adrenocortical tumor cells. Our results indicate that FGF-2 is mitogenic for H295R cells, although it inhibits the expression of both IGF-11 and IGFBP-2 by these cells. The inhibition of IGFBP-2 expression occur at the transcriptional levels. Ln contrast, FGF-2 inhibits the secretion and the last steps of maturation of the IGF-11 precursor. Altogether, these results suggest that in malignant adrenocortical tumors, various factors may modulate the expression (FGF-2) or the effects (IGFBP-2) of IGF-11 on adrenocortical tumor cells
Boulogne, Claire. "Adaptabilité du système endomembranaire chez les plantes supérieures." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112181.
Full textPlant cells, like all eukaryotes, possess a complex endomembrane system defines cell compartments and assures secretion. Ln addition to certain organization common to eukaryotes, plant secretory systems exhibit organizational and structural specificities. This work aimed to investigate the part of genetically distinct and adaptive-response secretory states. Two experimental models were studied: the digestive glands of the carnivorous plant Dionaea muscipula and proliferating BY-2 cells. The secretory glands of Dionaea are a typical plant example of massive protein secretion under a tight stimulation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) allowed us to observe an activation of Golgi apparatus (GA) after stimulation by prey, which profoundly remodelled the cell surface and cell wall. The role of these changes in the induction of a water flux is discussed. Study of BY-2 cells had two main axes. The first was to analyze GA evolution along the cell cycle and any duplication phase, combining cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. Our results suggest an increase of GA mass during interphase. This increase seems to reflect a response to secretion needs of the growing cell rather than a regulated step of the progressing cell cycle. The second axis was to study brefeldin A (BFA) effects on cell cycle progression. BFA blocked the cell cycle at the end of mitosis, following aberrant positioning of the nucleus in daughter cells after division following disorganization of the reticulum (ER), critical to nuclear envelope reformation after mitosis. Overall, this work has shown the extreme variability of the endomembrane system in plant cells and the adaptability of both the GA and ER
Tellez, Stéphane. "Modulation noradrénergique in vivo du système nerveux central cholinergique : rôle du récepteur alpha-2 adrénergique." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30276.
Full textRichet, Nicolas. "Elaboration et caractérisation d'une protection anti-oxydation pour matériaux carbonnes : le système HfB(2)-SiC." Limoges, 2003. http://www.unilim.fr/theses-doctorat/2003LIMO0023/html/index-frames.html.
Full textThe aim of this work is the elaboration and the caracterisation of HfB2SiC oxidation protection coating for carbon based materials. Silicon carbide is formed by reactive infiltration of silicon through a porous carbon/HfB2 grains layer. The coating microstructure is composed of HfB2 grains surrounded by SiC nanoparticles and a phase containing Hf-B-Si-C at the interface between HfB2 and Sic. The oxidation behaviour was studied between 1 and 200 mbar by linear increase of temperature and under isothermal conditions. A sealing refractory glass, more stable than pure silica, is formed. The oxidation kinetic follows very quickly a slow parabolic law up to 1 700°C
Sedaghati, Afshan. "Modélisation d’un système exploratoire d’aide à l’insulinothérapie chez le sujet âgé diabétique de type 2." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS018.
Full textStarting insulin therapy with daily multi-injections in the elderly type 2 diabetic patients is a difficult challenge. The possible loss of autonomy induced by the treatment and the variability of the insulin needs must be taken into account. In the therapeutic protocols, starting insulin therapy is based on the prescription of low dosage adjusted according to blood glucose results. A time of adjustment is therefore necessary to prescribe the optimal dose.For these reasons, this thesis proposes an original methodology for modeling insulin therapy in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes from certain biological and clinical endogenous variables with two objectives:1. assist physicians at the stage of determination of insulin prescription, 2. individualize insulin treatment depending on the physiological profile of the patient. The methodology based on fuzzy logic, allowed the analysis of a sample of 71 diabetic patients aged over 65 years. Three profiles types of insulin requirements and the discriminating variables underlying this typology have been identified. Methodology based on case based reasoning allows individualizing the treatment to prescribe insulin dosage from the closest (nearest) cases selected in the sample.Our works provide two main contributions:- on insulin therapy in elderly type 2 diabetic patients, - on the original methodology of the digital process of medical data at therapeutic follow-ups
Belgacem, Bouzida Aïssa. "Méthodes calorimétriques appliquées aux systèmes métalliques : 1) Thermodynamique du système (MO, GA) et première approche du système (NB, GA) : 2) Mesure automatique des capacités thermiques." Nancy 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10464.
Full textLeblanc, David. "Les monocytes CCR7+ comme outil de transport des nanoantirétroviraux vers le système nerveux central." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/6774.
Full textReale, Océane. "Modèles originaux du système intestinal humain pour l'étude du danger des phycotoxines." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020REN1B007.
Full textPhycotoxins, secondary metabolites produced by some phytoplanktonic species, can be accumulated in filter-feeding shellfish and provoke human intoxications after their consumption. For some lipophilic toxins, epidemiological data have underlined various symptoms, such as intestinal disorders. Nevertheless for others, no impact has been documented in humans although they are obviously toxic to rodents. Moreover, in vitro studies on phycotoxins intestinal toxicity have used only monoculture cells models without taking into account the functional unit of the gut, especially the enteric nervous system. Thereby, this work aimed to investigate the toxic effects of 6 phycotoxins (okadaic acid (OA), pectenotoxin-2 (PTX2), yessotoxin (YTX), azaspiracid-1 (AZA1), spirolide-C (SPX) and palytoxin on a more diverse intestinal cell population using complex cell models with enterocytes like cells (Caco-2), goblet like cells (HT29-MTX) and glial cells (EGC). Except SPX, all toxins induced toxicity on EGC through the decrease of viability and the increase of glial markers : GFAP, iNOS and S100β, overexpressed in EGC due to stress. In Caco-2/HT29-MTX co-cultures, YTX and AZA1 showed a slight toxicity with a decrease of viability and permeability. In addition, with OA and PTX2, we observed an increase of inflammation and a slight increase of mucus production. The toxicity of OA and PTX2 mainly targeted HT29-MTX cells rather than Caco-2 cells. In tri-cultures conditions, EGC favored the toxicity of PTX2 while with AO EGC protected the epithelial cells. It seems that the increase of the EGC gliomediators GDNF and BDNF which are involved in gut homeostasis and functions, in, are implicated in the intestinal barrier protection. Our results provide additional data for hazard assessment of phycotoxins. They outline the involvement of other cells than only enterocytes in the toxic response of these toxins
Becamel, Carine. "Les récepteurs de la sérotonine du groupe 2 : vers le concept de "réceptosome"." Montpellier 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON20041.
Full textChartois, Yannick. "Etude paramétrique avancée de canaux SISO et MIMO en environnements complexes : Application au système HiperLAN/2." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications de Bretagne - ENSTB, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011571.
Full textToutefois, quel que soit le système de communication sans fil envisagé, il est soumis à une contrainte forte associée au caractère multitrajets du canal de propagation. Celles-ci se traduisent par des évanouissements parfois profonds et rapides du niveau de réception et par la sélectivité en fréquence du canal. Ainsi, le phénomène de trajets multiples associé au canal radioélectrique engendre des perturbations lors de la transmission de signaux à un instant, une position et une fréquence donnée.
L'objectif de cette thèse s'inscrit dans ce contexte puisqu'il porte sur la caractérisation spatio-temporelle du canal de propagation tenant compte d'une ou plusieurs antennes à l'émission comme à la réception.
Ainsi, dans ce document sont définis les outils théoriques permettant le calcul des fonctions caractéristiques. Ce formalisme est alors intégré dans un logiciel de caractérisation spatio-temporelle, pouvant considérer en entrée des données issues de campagnes de mesures ou provenant de modèles de propagation. Enfin, il propose une ouverture vers l'utilisation des informations de caractérisation du canal dans un système HiperLAN/2.
Chartois, Yannick. "Étude paramétrique avancée de canaux SISO et MIMO en environnements complexes : application au système HiperLAN/2." Télécom Bretagne, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TELB0003.
Full textTarjus, Antoine. "Implication de la Lipocaline 2 dans les effets physiopathologiques du récepteur minéralocorticoïde dans le système cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066457/document.
Full textCardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Among the mechanisms involved in these pathologies, there is the activation of the mineralocorticoid signaling pathway. Our laboratory has previously identified Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) as a direct target of the aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) complex in the cardiovascular system. Lcn2, also called Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL), is a circulating protein, a member of the lipocalin family. It is described as being involved in inflammation or as regulating the activity and stability of matrix metallopeptidase 9. The aim of this work is to investigate the possible involvement of Lcn2 in pro-fibrotic and pro-inflammatory pathological effects of aldosterone/MR complex in the cardiovascular system. For this purpose, mice with constitutive and overall Lcn2 inactivation (Lcn2 KO) and their littermates were subjected to a treatment mimicking overactivation of the mineralocorticoid pathway (nephrectomy-aldosterone-salt treatment) during 4 weeks. This work has highlighted the role of Lcn2 in the development of perivascular fibrosis and inflammation induced by the complex aldo/MR and in the blood pressure increase. However, Lcn2 is not involved in interstitial fibrosis or vascular dysfunction. The action of Lipocalin 2 in these pathological phenomena mechanisms remains to be elucidated. In conclusion, the results show the direct involvement of Lcn2 in the pro-fibrotic effects of aldo/MR complex in the cardiovascular system, suggesting a potential therapeutic target in cardiovascular fibrosis
Alilèche, Abdelkrim. "Étude de l'expression et de la fonction du système IL2/IL2R par les cellules fibroblastiques et les cellules de mélanome." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA114801.
Full textArnaud, Mickael. "Développement d’un système automatisé de détection et de priorisation des signaux de sécurité adapté aux bases de données médico-administratives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0715/document.
Full textThe improvement of the surveillance of the drug safety by using healthcare databases is waited with hope for a decade. The objective of this thesis was to develop an automated system combining detection and prioritization of safety signals from healthcare databases, for the surveillance of drugs used in chronic diseases. Noninsulin glucose-lowering drugs (NIGLDs) were selected as a case study for the development and the assessment of the system. Firstly, we studied the patterns of use of the NIGLDs in France, and we found a large misuse with the dipeptidylpeptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and a higher risk of non-observance with their use. Secondly, we conducted two literature review, which allows us to select the sequence symmetry analysis for the detection and to develop our algorithm for the prioritization that we based on strength, novelty, impact of the safety signal, and patterns of drug use. Thirdly, we assessed the performance of the system, in a pilot study on NIGLDs that showed satisfying results and identified a new safety signal with the use of DPP-4 inhibitors and venous thromboembolic events, as well as its acceptability among stakeholders that judged it positively. These results invite us to pursue our researches to improve and to validate the developed system
Brassard, Patrice. "Impact du diabète de type 2 sur la physiologie intégrée du système cardiorespiratoire à l'exercice chez l'humain." Thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2007/24594/24594.pdf.
Full textZwingelstein, Marie. "Etude de l'optimisation d'un système DMT-ADSL : application à la transmission video MPEG-2 en mode hiérarchique." Valenciennes, 1999. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/4b8844ca-e7ac-4cb4-81df-9d40eda5bd20.
Full textThe work presented in this thesis is related to the digital transmission system ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line) which uses existing subscriber lines in copper twisted pairs to transmit data at several megabits per second. One key element of ADSL to use DMT (Discrete MultiTone) modulation to adapt the transmitted signal to the channel thanks to the choice of frequency bit and power loading. In a first part, a brief review of bit and power loading influence on the BER (Bit Error Rate) leads us to propose two original loading methods of different compromise performance / complexity. For both methods, the bit loading is simply calculated to match with the optimum of channel capacity. Regarding power, the first method (optimal) allocates it to minimize the BER, and the second one (more simple) so that the conventional and slightly sub-optimal equal SER (Symbol Error Rate) assumption is satisfied. Simulation results on characteristic ADSL loops have shown that both proposed methods perform better than the conventional ones, in particular the Hughes-Hartogs’ and the Peter Chow’s. The second part of the work is dedicated to MPEG-2 video transmission on ADSL. The originality is to use a bi-resolution modulation and transmission scheme which provides a high degree of protection to the most important data to the prejudice of less important data, so that the QoS (Quality of Service) is improved. In this context, we have presented three different architectures for a bi-resolution ADSL system. They act either at the DMT modulation level, or at the FEC (Forward Error Correction) level by differentially Reed-Solomon encoding important and less important data. The results have shown the validity of these kinds of architectures. For a typical ratio of most important data equal to 30%, the BER of most important data can be divided by 100 in comparison with the mono-resolution BER, whereas the BER for less important data is only multiplied by 2
Attia, Mickaël. "Rôle du gène Nucleosome assembly protein 1 like 2 (Nap 112) dans le développement du système nerveux." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066326.
Full textBoutalib, Abderrahim. "Etude théorique de la surface de potentiel du système HO::(2) + H. : Influence de la corrélation électronique." Pau, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PAUU3009.
Full textMazard, Pasquier Virginie. "Le système IL-2/Récepteur de l'IL-2 : les dysfonctionnements de la voie de signalisation Jak/Stat dans le cadre de l'infection par le VIH." Paris 7, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA077128.
Full textIlias, Anissa. "Implication du système nerveux autonome dans la régulation de la régénération des cellules pancréatiques." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA077059.
Full textThe decrease of functional 13 cell mass is the key event in the development of diabetes. Curent new treatments, based on cell therapy, are being developed to restore the missing 13 cells. 13 cell mass is a dynamic entity, regulated by numerous growth factors and hormones. These factors play a crucial role in the adaptation of functional g mass to meet the insulin demands. However, the contribution of the nervous system in the regulation of the pancreatic endocrine mass is poorly understood. This work aimed to decipher the role of autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters on compensatory pancreatic cell growth, using a 90% pancreatectomy model of regeneration. We show that intra-pancreatic inhibition of M3 muscarinic receptor for acetylcholine and GRP receptor significantly reduces 13 cell regeneration, through the diminution of both proliferation of existing R cells and 13 cell neogenesis. The inhibition of each of these receptors also strongly affects acinar cell proliferation and induces their apoptosis. Two other parasympathetic neuropeptides, namely VIP and PACAP, appear to be minor contributors in the regulation of endocrine pancreas regeneration. The main sympathetic neurotransmitter, noradrenalin, seems to be through its a2 adrenergic receptor a negative regulator of 13 cell regeneration in the adult pancreas. Our results point out for the first time some of the autonomic nervous system neurotransmitters as key players in the regulation of pancreatic cell regeneration, and provide new molecular targets for cell therapy of endocrine and exocrine pancreas diseases associated with a cellular deficiency
Pellequer, Yann. "Formulation de liposomes d'interleukine-2 conventionnels ou à temps de circulation prolongé et spécifiques des cellules du système immunitaire." Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA114823.
Full textThe key role played by the cytokine Interleukin-2 (IL-2) in the immune response gives it great potential for the treatment of cancers and HW infection. However, the short haif-life ofIL-2 after intravenous administration means that large doses have to be given leading to serious side-effects. We have formulated liposomes containing IL-2 as one strategy for reducing these side-effects. We first developed a method based on the intrinsic fluorescence of IL-2 to measure its association with liposomes. The effect of the preparation conditions of liposomes on the biological activity of IL-2 and the nature of the lipid-protein interactions were studied. The ultimate aim of this work was to formulate long-circulating liposomes which were specifically targeted to cells of the immune system. This carrier system could increase the circulating haif-life of the protein and release it in the vicinity of the target cells, thus increasing its efficacy
Gourdy, Pierre. "Influence de l'oestradiol sur le système immuno-inflammatoire : implication en physiopathologie vasculaire." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30225.
Full textIn order to elucidate the mechanisms of the vascular effects of estrogens, we studied the influence of estradiol on different components of the immune system involved in the atherosclerotic process. Our data, obtained in murine models of atherosclerosis or inflammation, led us to conclude that: 1) Lymphocytes play a crucial role in the atheroprotective effect of estrogens. 2) Estradiol promotes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by CD4 T cells, NKT lymphocytes, and macrophages. 3) Among pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, TGF-b activity is determinant for the protective effect of estrogens. In conclusion, we propose that the pro-inflammatory effect of estrogens could lead to plaque rupture. On the other hand, the protective effect of estradiol on the first steps of atherosclerosis could be explained by a predominant effect on the endothelium
Salameh, Nadeen. "Conception d’un système d’alerte embarqué basé sur les communications entre véhicules." Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011ISAM0016/document.
Full textDuring the last recent years, ADAS systems such as collision warning, tracking, night vision and navigation systems have been developed. The development of these systems has witness eda growing importance, as they are expected to help improving both road safety and traffic efficiency. More over, they have an ability to enhance the communication between the road infrastructure and the vehicle or between vehicles for safer and efficient transportation services such as : embedded advance collision, collision avoidance and automatic control. In addition,given the rapidly increasing interest in wireless communications, cooperative ADAS define anew framework of autonomous inter vehicular communication which operates on the assumption that such vehicles consist of a multitude of coordinated advanced sensory technologies.Sensors acquire real-time data about road conditions to help the driver respond effectively by sending appropriate messages between vehicles. In addition, these data help to assess the performance of ADAS in the context of improving driver behavior. It is necessary to set some main metrics such as inter-vehicle distance, driver reaction time and time to collision. The messages are transmitted to drivers using vehicular Ad-hoc networks (VANETs) which are a specific type of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks hold the promise to contribute to safe and more efficient roadways.In this thesis we proposed a new methodology of development to prototype ADAS. This methodology dedicated to cooperative ADAS drove us to implement a new simulated frameworkof prototyping system. This framework combines the data from three models : Geo-localizationGPS, vision and V2V communication towards an application of anti-collision warning system. A major problem in communicating ADAS systems is the quality and robustness of the communication.It depends on a large number of parameters that must be modeled to assess there liability of these systems. We developed a new prototyping system based on the principle ofaugmenting the reality in which we can replay actual data and change settings of communication environment. The GPS data and routing protocols were crucial elements for V2V model simulation into ns-2 simulator. We have performed real tests on the experimental prototyping platform LaRA. Multiple results are presented to show up the constancy of the method and the performance efficiency of real-time multi sensors in an integrated framework for collision avoidance applications. Results of this research have shown that IVCs simulations system provides enhanced data for the verification of features of new ADAS. The results of routing protocols simulation with real-time location data are integrated in the new developed prototype. The implementation of the system warning was used to estimate the number of pre-collisions detected in both real and simulated situations. The difference between these two situations was studied and analyzed for several scenarios corresponding to different road situations
Ebou, Moina. "Régulation du système sérotonine dans la cellule bêta pancréatique par les glucocorticoïdes : implication dans la physiopathologie du diabète." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066637.
Full textType 2 diabetes is now a real global public health problem. It results from a defect of mass and / or function of pancreatic beta cells. The identification and understanding of the mechanisms underlying these defects would help develop strategies to restore the functional beta cell mass. Glucocorticoid hormones (GC), hormones of stress and metabolic adaptation, can inhibit insulin secretion but their mode of action is not yet fully understood. Recently, the neurotransmitter serotonin present in the beta cells has been described as involved in the increase in beta-cell mass during gestation and a modulation of the insulin secretion in mice. In this context, we wanted to determine whether GC could modulate the serotonin system of beta cells. We focused on the enzymes required for serotonin synthesis Tph1 and 2. We could show that the expression of Tph1 and Tph2 1 and Tph2 enzyme was inhibited by GC causing a decrease in serotonin synthesis. We then confirmed the expression of Tph1 and 2 was stimulated by prolactin but also showed for the first time that these enzymes were stimulated by exenatide-4, a GLP-1. In these two stimulating situations, we found that GC exerts a counter-regulatory effect. Finally, we studied the role of serotonin on beta cell function. We were able to show that serotonin can inhibit the secretion of insulin by altering the calcium flux in the pancreatic beta cell. In conclusion, our results show that, within the beta cell, the serotonin system is one of GC target, suggesting that serotonin reduction can be a relay of the effects of GC on beta cells
Perreau, Matthieu Claude. "Interactions entre les vecteurs viraux dérivés de l’adénovirus canin de type-2 et le système immunitaire de l’homme." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20026.
Full textCormier, Éric. "Etude théorique de l'interaction entre un système à 1 ou 2 électrons actifs et un champ laser intense." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR10628.
Full textVincent, Emmanuel. "Étude des propriétés de dégradation du système SI/SIO#2 : application a la fiabilité des filières CMOS submicroniques." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0126.
Full textNollet, Mathieu. "Etude de l'implication fonctionnelle du système orexinergique dans les mécanismes physiopathogéniques de la dépression majeure." Thesis, Tours, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOUR4046/document.
Full textNeuropeptides, especially orexins, could be involved in the neurobiological mechanisms underlying maj or depression. We used a mouse mode! of depression, the unpredictable chronic mild stress, to specifically study the role ofthe orexinergic system in depression. Stressed mice showed an increase of orexinergic neuronal activation in the dorsomedial and perifornical hypothalamus, as well as change in orexin receptor-2 expression, reversed by chronic treatment with an antidepressant. In addition, pharmacological blockade ofthe orexinergic system in stressed mice induced antidepressant-like effects, underpinned by the restoration ofthe HPA axis negative feedback, independently of an increase of hippocampal neurogenesis. These results show that the orexinergic system could be involved in the pathophysiology of depressive disorders
Dumortier, Vincent. "La réaction de transgalactosylation chez Bifidobacterium bifidum souche AA 2/2 : 1) Optimisation de la production et détermination de la structure primaire des produits de transgalactosylation : 2) purification et étude du système enzymatique." Lille 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL10138.
Full textFourcade, Laurent. "Mécanismes physiopathologiques responsables des troubles de la motilité intestinale étudiés sur 2 modèles expérimentaux d'atrésie intestinales chez le rat." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/57604199-c23f-4178-88e8-e0dfdbcc9296/blobholder:0/2008LIMO310E.pdf.
Full textSmall bowel atresia remains a challenging problem among neonatal digestive disorders. In all cases, the treatment is based on surgical intervention consisting of resection of the obstructed part of the bowel followed by a primary anastomosis. A successful surgical correction and an adequate length of small intestine are not always sufficient to obtain a full recovery of the bowel. In fact, in about 20% of treated newborns, small bowel function remains not optimal, making it impossible to give these children a normal oral feed. Disturbances in enteric nervous system (ENS) and in epithelium development have been suspected in the pathogenesis of these disorders. A part of the authors consider that these abnormalities are mainly observed in the upper part of the obstruction. For the others, such disturbances are mainly observed in the lower part. Thus, we developed 2 animal models of intestinal obstruction in the rat using immunohistochemical reagents involved in epithelium and enteric nervous system differentiation. We demonstrated in the lower part of a surgical induced obstruction, a delay in the maturation of the ENS. Using a teratogenic model (adriamycin), we also reproduced multiple gastrointestinal atresia, a rare kind of human intestinal atresia with a poor prognosis. We also demonstrated the major role of amniotic fluid digestion and mesenteric blood supply in the ENS maturation
Sahraoui, Yasmina. "Étude structurale et fonctionnelle du récepteur de l'interleukine 2 (IL-2R) et implication du système IL2/IL-2R dans la prolifération cellulaire des leucémies aïgues lymphoblastiques T humaines." Paris 11, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA11T004.
Full textWu, Quentin. "Capitalisation et réutilisation de savoir-faire dans une approche d’ingénierie système basée sur les modèles : application au système de distribution électrique d’aéronefs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0112.
Full textModel Based System Engineering (MBSE) is a System Engineering approach in which modeling is the backbone of all engineering activities. It is widely accepted by the industry as a way to satisfy the need to take into account the ever-increasing complexity of systems, for which document-based Systems Engineering practices are reaching their limits. However, numerous feedbacks on the transition to MBSE highlight the steep learning curve required for its implementation, as well as the difficulty for engineers to master it. In this context, the contribution of this manuscript aims at facilitating the adoption of MBSE through the valorization of engineering assets. It seeks to systematize the capitalization and reuse of know-how by using the concept of "pattern", whose role and scope are defined within the framework of MBSE. In order to increase the maturity of capitalization and reuse processes within a company, a maturity scale is also introduce to assess an engineering situation in order to target the efforts to be made. The contribution also deals with the formalization of levels of abstraction of capitalized patterns and of transition mechanisms between these levels of abstraction. On this basis, it formalizes the “Mining-Maturation-Implementation of Patterns” (MMIP) process, whose objective is to be a guide for engineers in the capitalization and reuse of engineering assets. The contribution has been tested on a case study, within the framework of a new industrial project at Safran Electrical & Power. The objective was to demonstrate the existence of patterns, to formalize them and to reuse them in an MBSE context
Kalamarides, Michel. "Modélisation de la tumorigenèse méningée chez la souris récapitulant les altérations génétiques des méningiomes humains." Paris 7, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA077146.
Full textLanglois, Mélanie. "Étude de bifurcation de Hopf-Hopf avec résonance 1:2 pour un système de deux neurones couplés avec délais." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ57127.pdf.
Full textLintz, Michel. "Spectroscopie à deux lasers sur un système interdit à trois niveaux : 6s ½ - 7s ½ - 6p 3/2 dans le césium." Paris 11, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA112212.
Full textParity violation measurements in the 6S-7S transition of cesium agree, within the 10% accuracy, with the Standard Model of electromagnetic, weak, and strong interaction. However, fundamental features, such as electroweak corrections or the Z°-nucleon axial coupling, which are of the order of a few percent, have never been observed. A novel project, currently developed, aims at improving the detection efficiency (previously 1/2000): a probe laser, tuned to the 7S-6P3/2 transition, will force the 7S atoms to emit in only one direction and only one transition. This dissertation describes the preliminary experiments (and their theoretical interpretation) which allow a good understanding of the behavior of cesium atoms in the presence of two c. W. Lasers: one driving the highly forbidden 6S-7S transition, the other probing the allowed 7S-6P3/2 transition. The Cs-Cs collisionnal processes are taken into account. These experiments have shown that the probe beam does stimulate emission of the 7S atoms and is then amplified. We have also shown that an electronic polarization of the 7S atoms can be detected by two different methods using the probe beam observation of the 7S-6P½ fluorescence (without polarization analysis), or detection of the optical rotation of the probe beam. A the Cs density required for the planned parity-violation measurement, the Doppler-free spectra show complete resolution of the hyperfine structure of the 7S-6P3/2 transition. The detection of an electroweak alignment the 7S level, on which the project is based, thus appears to be possible
El, Rhess Es-Saïd. "Synthèse, mode de croissance et caractérisations physico-chimiques de microparticules monodispersés de silice dans le système SI(OC : :(2)h::(5))::(4)-nh::(3)-h::(2)o-roh." Besançon, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BESA2023.
Full textCarper, Deborah. "Rôle du système ANP/GC-A dans le maintien de l'homéostasie énergétique et le développement du diabète de type 2." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30126.
Full textThe atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is a hormone secreted by the heart, which controls fluid homeostasis and cardiac physiology through its receptor guanylyl cyclase A (GC-A). Over the last 20 years, its role outside of the cardiac and renal spheres has been studied. ANP has a lipolytic effect on adipose tissue and increases oxidative capacity in skeletal muscle. Moreover, type 2 diabetic and obese patients display a reduced plasma ANP concentration and a lower GC-A to NPRC (natriuretic peptide receptor C; a clearance receptor) ratio in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. In the first part of this thesis, we demonstrated that ANP orchestrates a coordinated physiological response to fuel non shivering thermogenesis. In the second part of this thesis, we first delineated that the optimal fasting time to perform an insulin tolerance test in mice is 2h. Indeed, longer fasting times induce an important weight loss and a metabolic stress. Then, we demonstrated that ANP/GC-A deficiency induces insulin intolerance in high fat diet-fed mice, decreases endurance capacity and reduces the beneficial adaptations to an endurance training program in mice. Thus, ANP/GC-A deficiency plays a causal role in insulin resistance and is required to maintain skeletal muscle function. In summary, this thesis demonstrated that the heart, via its endocrine function, plays an important role in the control of energy metabolism and that the ANP/GC-A system could be an interesting target in the prevention or treatment of type 2 diabetes
Baudu, Sylvain. "Etude expérimentale et modélisation des équilibres entre phases dans le système quaternaire réciproque H2O-UO2(NO3)2, H2O2-2HNO3, UO4." Lyon 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LYO10350.
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