Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Le Chat du Rabbin'
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Korsia, Haïm. "Jacob Kaplan ou le rabbin de la République." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5020.
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À travers la vie et l'oeuvre du Grand Rabbin Jacob Kaplan, cette thèse a pour objectif de retracer près d'un siècle de l'histoire du judaïsme français. Aumônier pendant la Grande Guerre, il a été ensuite en poste à Mulhouse en 1922 et à Paris à partir de 1928. En janvier 1944, il occupe les fonctions de Grand Rabbin de France par intérim et à titre définitif en 1955. Il les conserve jusqu'en 1980. En 1947, il est professeur à l'IEP de Paris. Il a publié plus d'une vingtaine d'ouvrages et de nombreux articles. En 1967 il est élu membre de l'Académie des sciences morales et politiques. Il est membre fondateur de l'Amitié judéo-chrétienne. Cette thèse a mis en évidence les conditions de vie des aumôniers militaires pendant la Grande Guerre et à travers eux la vie des combattants juifs. Nous avons également étudié les conditions de vie des Juifs à Paris dans les années 1930 et leurs réactions face aux activités antisémites dans la capitale. Cette thèse a permis d'apporter un éclairage nouveau sur l'occupation et le fonctionnement des institutions juives et la reconstruction du judaïsme français après la Shoah. Elle a permis également d'étudier l'évolution des Juifs dans la société française pendant la seconde moitié du XXe siècleWith through the life and the work of the Chief rabbi Jacob Kaplan, this thesis aimed to recall nearly one century of the history of the French Judaism. Chaplin during the large war, he was then in station in Mulhouse in 1922 and Paris since 1928. In january 1944, he occupies the functions of Chief rabbi of France by interim and on a purely final basis in 1955. He preserves them until 1980. In 1947, he is named professor with the IEP of Paris. He published more than one score of works and many articles. In 1967 he is elected member of the Academy of science morals and policies. He is founder member of the Friendship Judeo-Christian. This thesis highlighted the living conditions of the military chaplains during the large war and through them the life of the Jewish combatants. We also studied the conditions of existence of the Jews in Paris in the year 1930 and their reactions to anti-semites in the capital. This thesis made it possible to bring a new lighting on the occupation and the work of the Jewish institutions and the rebuilding of the French Judaism after Shoah. She also made it possible to study the evolution of the Jews in the French company in second half of the XXe century
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DeVos, Daniel A. "XML Tactical Chat (XTC) the way ahead for Navy chat." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion-image.exe/07Sep%5FDeVos.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Information Technology Management)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Brutzman, Don. "September 2007." Description based on title screen as viewed on October 22, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 159-164). Also available in print.
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Maali, Abdelhamid. "Oscillations de Rabi quantiques : test direct de la quantification du champ." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 1996. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011908.
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Un atome de Rydberg circulaire et un champ électromagnétique stocké dans une cavité supraconductrice de très grand facteur de qualité constituent un système simple, bien isolé de son environnement et permettant d'étudier l'interaction rayonnement-matiére. Dans ce mémoire nous présentons une expérience réalisé dans une situation où l'atome et le champ sont en résonance. Le signal de Rabi correspondant à l'évolution de la population atomique présente des composantes de Fourier dont les fréquences sont proportionnelles aux racines carrées des entiers successifs ; ceci met directement en évidence la quantification du champ dans la cavité. Nous montrons également que l'analyse des signaux permet de remonter aux propriétés statistiques du champ. Enfin, en analysant l'interaction non résonante de l'atome avec la cavité, nous montrons que dans un futur proche, il sera possible de préparer des superpositions quantiques d'états du champ présentant des différences mésoscopiques. Ces états sont de type "chat de Schrödinger". L'étude de la décohérence de ces états en fonction du nombre de photons que contient le champ permet d'explorer la frontière qui existe entre le monde quantique et le monde classique.
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Benbassa, Esther. "Haim nahum efendi, dernier grand rabbin de l'empire ottoman (1908-1920) : son role politique et diplomatique." Paris 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA030121.
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La presente etude porte sur une periode-cle de l'histoire ottomane et turque, et tente de retracer l'histoire, generalement ignoree, de la minorite juive, de la fin xixe siecle a la proclamation de la republique turque (1923). Cette histoire est d'abord celle d'une mutation. Engage, par les ecoles de l'alliance israelite universelle, sur la voie de la modernisation, le judaisme ottoman, ou du moins certaines de ses composantes, put esperer, au lendemain de la revolution jeune-turque (1908), la realisation d'aspirations deja anciennes, dans le sens d'une integration a la societe environnante. Pour l'empire dans son ensemble, cette periode fut aussi une periode de transition, caracterisee par l'emergence de divers courants nationalistes. Elle annonca la fin d'un empire et prepara l'apparition d'un etat-nation. C'est precisement dans ce cadre et dans cette perspective qu'a ete restitue le developpement concomitant du nationalisme juif. Pour l'empire et pour sa minorite juive, la periode etudiee fut riche en bouleversements de tous ordres: les guerres balkaniques, la premiere guerre mondiale, les modifications consecutives des frontieres du pays et le depecement de l'empire. Plus specifiquement, pour le sionisme, ce fut d'abord la reprise des tractations avec les autorites ottomanes, a la suite des espoirs suscites par la revolution jeune-turque, puis, en 1917, la declaration balfour. C'est precisement pendant cette periode-cle qu'un personnage exceptionnel comme haim nahum se trouva a la tete du millet juif. La diversite et la nature des activites de ce dirigeant le firent sortir du simple cadre de fonctions proprement religieuses. Il ne fut pas seulement un chef communautaire, mais aussi un commis non officiel de l'etat, et, sur les affaires turques, un conseiller ecoute, et parfois meme redoute par les puissances. Il s'agissait donc de situer l'homme, son itineraire et son action dans le contexte social, culturel et politique du millet juif et de l'empire, tout en prenant en compte l'environnement international, lorsque cela s'imposaitThis study concerns a key period of ottoman and turkish history and tries to retrace the unknown history of the jewish minority from the end of the 19th century to the proclamation of the turkish republic in 1923. This history is firstly one of mutation. Set on the road to modernization by the schools of the alliance israelite universelle, ottoman judaism, or at least some of its constituants, could hope for the fruition of their old aspirations, as far as concerns integrations into the society of their environment, following the young turks revolution (1908). For the empire as a whole, this was also a period of transition, characterized by the emergence of different nationalist currents. It heralded the end of an empire and presaged the appearence of a nation state. It is precisely within this framework and this perspective that the concomitant development of jewish nationalism has been recreated. For the empire and its jewish minority, the period in question was rich in upheavals of every kind : the balkan wars, the first world war, consecutive modification of the country's frontiers, and the carving up of the empire. More precisely, for zionism, there were firstly renewed negociations with the ottoman authorities, following the hope raised by the young turks revolution, and, later, in 1917, the balfour declaration. It was precisely during this key period that an exceptional man, haim nahum, found himself pushed to the forefront of the jewish millet. The diverse activities of this leader took him out of the simple framework of purely religious functions. He was not only a community leader, but also an unofficial civil servant of the state, and as far as concerns turkish affairs, he was a councillor to whom the great powers listened, and whom they occasionally feared. The aim is therefore to situate the man, his itinerary and his action in the social, cultural and political context of the jewish millet and of the empire whilst taking into consideration the international environment whenever necessary
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Benbassa, Esther. "Haim Nahum Efendi, dernier grand rabbin de l'Empire ottoman, 1908-1920 son rôle politique et diplomatique /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37602811q.
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BLOM, ALEXANDER, and SOFIE THORSEN. "A sentiment-based chat bot." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-136134.
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Natural language processing is a field in computer science which involves making computers derive meaning from human language and input as a way of interacting with the real world. Broadly speaking, sentiment analysis is the act of determining the attitude of an author or speaker, with respect to a certain topic or the overall context and is an application of the natural language processing field. This essay discusses the implementation of a Twitter chat bot that uses natural language processing and sentiment analysis to construct a believable reply. This is done in the Python programming language, using a statistical method called Naive Bayes classifying supplied by the NLTK Python package. The essay concludes that applying natural language processing and sentiment analysis in this isolated fashion was simple, but achieving more complex tasks greatly increases the difficulty.Natural language processing är ett fält inom datavetenskap som innefattar att få datorer att förstå mänskligt språk och indata för att på så sätt kunna interagera med den riktiga världen. Sentiment analysis är, generellt sagt, akten av att försöka bestämma känslan hos en författare eller talare med avseende på ett specifikt ämne eller sammanhang och är en applicering av fältet natural language processing. Den här rapporten diskuterar implementeringen av en Twitter-chatbot som använder just natural language processing och sentiment analysis för att kunna svara på tweets genom att använda känslan i tweetet. Detta görs i programmeringsspråket Python med en statistisk metod kallad Naive Bayes classifying med hjälp av Python-paketet NLTK. Rapporten gör slutsatsen att appliceringen av natural language processing och sentiment analysis är enkelt när det görs inom detta isolerade område, men att utföra mer komplexa uppgifter ökar svårighetsgraden markant.
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Lavallée, Mario. "Psychothérapie assistée par le chat /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30006022R.pdf.
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Tam, Jenny K. "Detecting age in online chat." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FTam.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Martell, Craig H. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 6, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Authorship Profiling, Age Detection, Online Chat, Naïve Bayes Classifier, Support Vector Machine. Includes bibliographical references (p.125-127). Also available in print.
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Durham, Jonathan S. "Topic detection in online chat." Thesis, Monterey, California : Naval Postgraduate School, 2009. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/2009/Sep/09Sep%5FDurham.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, September 2009.Thesis Advisor(s): Martell, Craig H. "September 2009." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 4, 2009. Author(s) subject terms: Latent Dirichlet Allocation, Support Vector Machine, Natural Language Processing, Chat, Topic Detection. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-84). Also available in print.
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Beisswenger, Michael. "Sprachhandlungskoordination in der Chat-Kommunikation /." Berlin : de Gruyter, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41470592m.
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Convertino, Stefano. "Business chat: sviluppo e implementazione." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8259/.
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In questa tesi si vuole parlare dello sviluppo e dell'implementazione di un'applicazione per smartphone.
L'applicazione in questione si chiama BusinessChat, è stata sviluppata per Android e utilizza sia lato server, sia lato Client.
BusinessChat è un applicazione che mette in contatto consumatori e gestori di attività.
Lo scopo dell'app è quindi quello di permettere al consumatore, di comunicare con il business in maniera più immediata, semplice e diretta.
Per quanto riguarda il business può utilizzare quest'app sia per fornire un servizio al proprio cliente che per utilizzarla per pubblicizzare la propria attività, ad esempio con messaggi in broadcast a tutti i propri contatti (questa funzione non è ancora presente nella nostra applicazione, ma verrà aggiunta in un breve futuro).
L'utente può ricercare, attraverso l'uso di una mappa, una particolare attività, ed eventualmente mettersi in contatto con lei, ad esempio, se ciò che cerchiamo è un ristorante, potremmo voler sapere se questa sera sono ancora disponibili dei posti liberi nel proprio locale, oppure se ad esempio volessimo ordinare delle pizze da asporto dalla nostra pizzeria di fiducia o sapere se sono attrezzati per gestire clienti allergici al glutine, o più semplicemente per conoscere l'orario di chiusura, tutto questo sarebbe possibile farlo attraverso pochissimi passi grazie a BusinessChat.
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Lavallée, Mario. "Psychothérapie assistée par le chat." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1887/1/030006022.pdf.
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Tingstad, Vebjørg. "Children's chat on the net : A study of social encounters in two Norwegian chat rooms." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1.
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This thesis explorer how children and adolescence use the Internet as a medium for communication. The study looks at social interactions in chat rooms, where people can communicate with each other online. The empirical focus is on that happens in the encounters on the Net and how children, mainly between the age of 11 and 14, experience this kind of communication.
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Dolya. "APPLICATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF CHAT-BOTS." Thesis, Київ 2018, 2018. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/33685.
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Navaratnarajah, Angelo. "Distributed chat system for group communication /." Leeds, 2001. http://www.leeds.ac.uk/library/counter2/compstmsc/20002001/navaratnarajah.doc.
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Karrels, Daniel Robert. "Internet relay chat services framework GNUWorld /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0002000.
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Curtet, Jean-Daniel. "Utilisation du memoprint chez le chat /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2001. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.
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Del, Verme Giorgia. "Business Chat: analisi e Mock-up." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/8216/.
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Il documento presenta le analisi svolte per la creazione delle schermate dell'applicazione Business Chat mostrando tutto il percorso decisionale intrapreso per l'implementazione di ogni funzionalità.
Business Chat è un'applicazione di messaggistica istantanea che permette una comunicazione diretta tra un negozio e i propri clienti.
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Parker, Marine. "Ethologie et rythmes biologiques du chat." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ126/document.
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Les rythmes biologiques aident les organismes vivants à programmer la plupart des processus comportementaux dans la fenêtre temporelle la plus appropriée. Les données de la littérature sur la rythmicité du chat domestique sont rares et conflictuelles. Pour approfondir nos connaissances sur le sujet, nous avons utilisé de récentes technologies de télémétrie pour enregistrer et caractériser les rythmes journaliers d'activité locomotrice et de prises alimentaire chez des chats en fonction des saisons et des conditions d’hébergement. Les rythmes des chats étaient modifiés par la photopériode et la présence humaine. Suivant une périodicité de 24 heures, ils ont affiché une bimodalité dans leurs rythmes quotidiens, avec des creux d'activité locomotrice et de consommation au milieu de la journée et de la nuit. Les deux périodes principales d'activité/alimentaires correspondaient à l'aube et au crépuscule à chaque saison, indépendamment de leur horaire, confirmant la nature intrinsèque crépusculaire de l'espèce. Le rythme alimentaire des chats était plus variable au cours du cycle que celui de leur activité locomotrice, rappelant ainsi le caractère opportuniste de ce prédateur. Les chats ont présenté une plasticité comportementale caractérisée par des rythmes plus faibles et un comportement d'exploration plus nocturne en milieu extérieur qu’en milieu intérieur, au sein duquel ils étaient plus enclins à la routine. Nos résultats ouvrent la voie au développement de solutions nutritionnelles et des recommandations d’hébergement adaptées aux rythmes du chat en respectant les besoins physiologiques de l’animalBiological rhythms are of importance for living organisms as they help to schedule most behavioural processes within the most suitable temporal window. Literature on daily rhythmicity is scarce and conflicting regarding domestic cats. To sharpen our knowledge on the subject, we used advanced telemetry technologies to record and characterise the daily rhythms of locomotor activity and feeding in cats according to the seasons and housing conditions. The cats were sensitive to photoperiod and to human presence. Along 24-hour periodicity, they displayed bimodality in their daily patterns, with mid-day and mid-night troughs of locomotor activity and food consumption. The two main activity/eating periods corresponded to dawn and dusk at each season, regardless of the twilight timings, confirming the crepuscular intrinsic nature of the species. The feeding rhythm of the cats was more variable daily than their locomotor activity one, recalling the opportunistic character of this predator. Cats displayed plasticity in their behaviour, such as weaker daily rhythms and more nocturnal exploratory behaviour outdoors, compared to indoors where they were more prone to routine. Our results open new avenues for developing nutritional and housing guidelines fitted to the rhythms of the cats according to their way of life
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Foschini, Federico. "Analisi della polarità su chat di livestreaming." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10561/.
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La Sentiment analysis, nata nell'ambito dell’informatica, è una delle aree di ricerca più attive nel campo dell’analisi del linguaggio naturale e si è diffusa ampiamente anche in altri rami scientifici come ad esempio le scienze sociali, l’economia e il marketing.
L’enorme diffusione della sentiment analysis coincide con la crescita dei cosiddetti social media: siti di commercio e recensioni di prodotti, forum di discussione, blog, micro-blog e di vari social network.
L'obiettivo del presente lavoro di tesi è stato quello di progettare un sistema di sentiment analysis in grado di rilevare e classificare le opinioni e i sentimenti espressi tramite chat dagli utenti della piattaforma di video streaming Twitch.tv.
Per impostare ed organizzare il lavoro, giungendo quindi alla definizione del sistema che ci si è proposti di realizzare, sono stati utilizzati vari modelli di analisi in particolare le recurrent neural networks (RNNLM) e sistemi di word embedding (word2vec),nello specifico i Paragraph Vectors, applicandoli, dapprima, su dati etichettati in maniera automatica attraverso l'uso di emoticon e, successivamente, su dati etichettati a mano.
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Mattsson, Tommy. "A Peer-To-Peer based chat system." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-173704.
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Chat systems has been around since even before the modern Internet came into existence. Today there are a variety of chat systems of varying complexity. Most of these chat systems require that a user creates an account to be used with the provided service. There has been a lot of research when it comes to networks, network communication and the use of Peer-To-Peer software has become increasingly popular. This report describes one possible way to implement a chat system using a Peer-To-Peer model instead of a client/server model without the need to sign up for the specified service to be able to use it.
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Rosén, Oskar. "Encrypted Chat Client : Encrypted communication over XMPP." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för informations- och kommunikationsteknik (ICT), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177499.
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Every day there are internet users all over the world who sends a total sum of millions of emails and instant messages and a majority of these are sent and transmitted without any form of encryption. When we send an unencrypted message it can be monitored, analyzed and even stored by organiza-tions and individuals. Therefore using encrypted communication is vital for not having our privacy violated. One of the problems that needs to be solved is to allow two persons to communicate in (near) real time through text over internet in a secure and easy way for the user, while at the same time allowing the user to have a good experience and maintaining confidentiality. The chat client should be able to communicate with other platforms than only itself and must therefore use and fol-low an existing protocol for instant messaging. To receive a true end-to-end encryption, all data needs to be encrypted and decrypted locally on the user's computer before it is sent out on the inter-net. SSL / TLS can be used as a protective layer, but it must be complemented by an extra and sepa-rate layer of encryption since SSL / TLS is not an authentic end-to-end encryption. This is because of the SSL data is decrypted when they land on the server, while true end-to-end data is only de-crypted locally on the receivers computer. This thesis have resulted in a working chat client built on the XMPP protocol with support for using OTR encryption that offers true end-to-end encryption.Varje dag finns det internetanvändare världen över som sammanlagt skickar miljontals email och direktmeddelanden vilka majoriteten skickas och överförs utan någon form utav kryptering. När vi skickar ett okrypterat meddelande kan det bli övervakat, analyserat och till och med lagrat utav or-ganisationer och individer. Därför är användande utav krypterad kommunikation avgörande för att inte vår integritet ska kränkas. Ett utav problemen som behöver lösas är att tillåta två personer att kommunicera i (nära) realtid genom text över internet på ett säkert och enkelt sätt för användaren. Detta samtidigt som användaren har en bra användarupplevelse och bibehåller konfidentialitet. Chattklienten ska kunna kommunicera med andra plattformar än sig själv och måste därmed an-vända sig utav och följa ett existerande protokoll för direktmeddelanden. För att få en riktig end-to-end kryptering måste all data krypteras och dekrypteras lokalt på användarens dator innan det skickas över internet. SSL / TLS kan användas som ett skyddande lager, men måste kompletteras av ett extra och separat lager av kryptering då SSL / TLS inte är äkta "end-to-end" kryptering. Detta är på grund utav att SSL data är dekrypterad när det kommer till servern, medan äkta "end-to-end" kryptering endast är dekrypterat lokalt på mottagarens dator. Denna avhandling resulterade i en fungerande chattklient byggt på XMPP protokollet med stöd för OTR kryptering som erbjuder äkta "end-to-end" kryptering.
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Karlsson, Martin, and David Pedersen. "Live-Chat Module for Web-based Systems." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-26462.
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To ensure that a customer is satisfied when they purchase a product, they need to be able toreceive assistance if the product does not work correctly or is in any other way unsatisfactory. Thisis why support is needed. There are many different types of support, but with an ever growingnumber of people having less time to spare in their every day life, a quick short answer issometimes preferred. This is why the market for Live-Chat support solutions has grown. The purpose of this thesis project is to develop a functional stand-alone Live-Chatdemonstration prototype according to Askås' demands and wishes. The demonstration prototypewas developed using the programming language Perl, with additional functionality developed injQuery, HTML and CSS. The project will be evaluated by its functionality and too which degree itcompares to similar solutions. The project was successful in the development of a functional demonstration prototypehowever further development is needed if it is to be used as a complement to Askås' web-shopsolution.
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Lin, Jane. "Automatic author profiling of online chat logs." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2007. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/07Mar%5FLin.pdf.
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Thesis (M.S. in Computer Science)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2007.Thesis Advisor(s): Craig H. Martell. "March 2007." Includes bibliographical references (p. 261-264). Also available in print.
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Zhang, Longyu. "Development of a Haptic Video Chat System." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/23337.
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Since conventional audio-video teleconferencing systems have reached their limits, the needs of integrating new sensations to improve users' telecommunication experience are growing. Haptics, the sense of touch, which includes handshake, comforting hug, encouraging pat, and other physical contacts, is of great importance for interpersonal communication, since it allows people to express and receive intimate affection, intention or emotion efficiently. Motivated by a few haptic telecommunication softwares, this thesis presents an innovative webcam-based touchscreen to replace the haptic device, which is used in HugMe system as human hand, to further increase people's degree of immersion with the audio-video-haptic teleconferencing system at a more reasonable price. With our webcam-based touchscreen, the user could directly use his/her bare hand to touch the image of the person who he/she is chatting with, instead of controlling a haptic device as the medium to realize indirect touch. This thesis also gives details of the touchscreen method and our proposed mathematical models for touch position calculation. Experimental results show that our system is accurate and robust, while maintaining high compatibility with conventional audio-video teleconferencing systems for combination. With our haptic jacket, the passive user can feel the touch of the active user at the right position. Also, additional applications with the touchscreen, such as writing and drawing, are developed and tested. Finally, we draw the conclusions and talk about future work.
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Ramanan, Prasad 1980. "Robust chat for airborne command and control." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/18028.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, September 2003."August 22, 2003."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 87-88).
We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a prototype robust textual chat application to be utilized in dynamic distributed environments such as the Multi-Sensor Command and Control Constellation (MC2C). The MC2C environment consists of a set of airborne and ground sites, each of which contains a cluster of clients. Intra-site communication is reliable and exhibits high performance, whereas the performance and reliability of inter-site communication is variable and unpredictable. The two primary goals of the chat application are to deliver messages to clients with low latency and a globally consistent ordering. Since these goals conflict, our protocols strike a balance by satisfying a new property that we call the Intermittent Global Order (IGO) property. A protocol satisfying the IGO property guarantees global order while network connectivity permits, and sacrifices global order for bounded message delivery latencies while maintaining an intuitive and well-defined ordering on the message delivery when critical network connections are lost. We implemented our protocols on a hierarchical system architecture that places a server at every MC2C site. We developed a test-bed that simulates four MC2C sites in order to test the prototype. Testing revealed that the various IGO protocols implemented in the prototype all achieve the goals of robust and efficient collaborative communication even in the face of frequent link outages, but differ in how each balances global order and latency.
by Prasad Ramanan.
M.Eng.
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Roselli, Néstor. "Collaborative construction using chat in different tasks." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/101459.
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The objective of this research was to characterize the chat collaborative interaction of two partners in six kinds of cognitive tasks. The central hypothesis was that the task nature determines a particular kind of collaborative interaction. The six tasks tested were: to solve a logical problem, to compose a story, to read a data table, to rank opinions, to bring a scientific explanation of a domestic situation, to interpret the signification of a literature text. The 11 dyads of the sample were formed by university students. Results show significant differences between the tasks concerning the sociocognitive interaction, specially the logical-intelligent tasks related the open-interpretative tasks. Finally, there is a great difference between tasks in the personal evaluation of the difficulty and interest of each one.El objetivo fue caracterizar la interacción colaborativa de díadas, a través del chat, en seis tareas cognitivas: resolver un problema lógico, elaborar una historia, leer una tabla de datos, ordenar jerárquicamente opiniones, brindar una explicación científica de un hecho fáctico e interpretar un texto literario. La hipótesis central era que el tipo de tarea implica distintos tipos de intercambio colaborativo. Se examinaron 11 díadas de estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados muestran diferencias muy significativas entre las seis tareas en lo que hace al patrón sociocognitivo, sobre todo entre las tareas lógico-inteligentes y las tareas abiertas o interpretativas. Finalmente, hay diferencias muy notorias en la evaluación metacognitiva que hacen los participantes del grado de dificultad e interés de cada tarea.
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Galarreta, Betty. "NIST database, Spectroscopy Now and CHAT program." Revista de Química, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/100410.
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Aquí encontrarás los enlaces a tres páginas web relacionadas con la química: una base de datos imprescindible como la del NIST, un portal de búsqueda de espectros y la página del programa CHAT, donde se mezcla Ciencia, Historia, Arte y Tecnología.Aprovéchalas al máximo.
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Francoeur, Stephen. "An Analytical Survey of Chat Reference Services." Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/135930.
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There has been in recent years a surge of interest about new software products that make it possible for libraries to offer assistance to online users via chat. Such software offers far more interactivity than instant messaging programs and allow for a richer experience for both librarian and user. Surveys chat reference services around the globe and analyzes trends in the provision of this new mode of assistance. Also presents discussion of why chat reference service is gathering attention as well as its limitations and drawbacks.
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Germain, Estelle Poulle Marie-Lazarine. "Approche éco-éthologique de l'hybridation entre le Chat forestier d'Europe (Felis silvestris silvestris Schreber 1777) et le Chat domestique (Felis catus L.)." Reims : S.C.D. de l'Université, 2007. http://scdurca.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000738.pdf.
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Robison, Christopher Douglas. "Secure Browser-Based Instant Messaging." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3372.
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Instant messaging is a popular form of communication over the Internet. Statistics show that instant messaging has overtaken email in popularity. Traditionally, instant messaging has consisted of a desktop client communicating with other clients via an instant messaging service provider. However, instant messaging solutions are starting to become available in the web browser–services like Google Talk, Live Messenger and Facebook. Despite the work done by researchers to secure instant messaging networks, little work has been done to secure instant messaging in the browser. We present secure browser-based instant messaging overlays as a means to enable convenient, secure communication in existing browser-based instant messaging interfaces. Additionally, we present a prototype implementation of the secure messaging overlays and the results of two user studies--the first study focusing on user interest in secure chat and the second being a usability study of the prototype.
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Wanyonyi, David Wafula. "Mobile presentations with interactive chat for m-Learning." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5136_1319004472.
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Using presentations in an m-Learning environment enables delivery of rich content to a mobile phone learner. This study investigated how to prepare and stream presentations from a desktop computer to a mobile phone in near-realtime. It also addressed communication between users using interactive text chat in the same environment. Our analysis of text/podcast-based m-Learning applications revealed limited interactivity and lack of diversity in content streamed. To address this, we developed a mobile-based application that uses a task-timer model to synchronize with a server every n units of time to enable near-realtime streaming of presentation slides between mobile and desktop users. The application included text-based instant messenger. Laboratory experiments investigated the use OpenOffice and PowerPoint presentations and techniques used to convert these presentations into mobile phone compatible formats. Experiments were carried out with smart mobile phones running on a third generation cellular network. We employed transaction-logging techniques in addition to automated image analysis techniques to observe and record data. Analysis of the results revealed using presentations enabled more rich content than text-based models such as short message service-based frameworks and podcasts. Although m-Learning is not yet widely adopted, applications such as the one developed in the study offer high hopes for m-Learning because of the use of rich content and interactivity between users.
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Wang, Jue 1986. "ChitChat : making video chat robust to packet loss." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62417.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-83).
Video chat is increasingly popular among Internet users (e.g. Skype, Windows Live Messenger, Google Talk). Often, however, chatting sessions suffer from packet loss, which causes video outage and poor quality. Existing solutions however are unsatisfying. Retransmissions increase the delay and hence can interact negatively with the strict timing requirements of interactive video. FEC codes introduce extra overhead and hence reduce the bandwidth available for video data even in the absence of packet loss. In this thesis, we present ChitChat, a new approach for reliable video chat that neither delays frames nor introduces bandwidth overhead. The key idea is to ensure that the information in each packet describes the whole frame. As a result, even when some packets are lost, the receiver can still use the received packets to decode a smooth version of the original frame. This reduces frame loss and the resulting video freezes and improves the perceived video quality. We have implemented ChitChat and evaluated it over multiple Internet paths. In comparison to Windows Live Messenger 2009, our method reduces the occurrences of video outage events by more than an order of magnitude.
by Jue Wang.
S.M.
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AraÃjo, JÃlio CÃsar Rosa de. "Chat na web: um estudo de gÃnero hipertextual." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2003. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3476.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorEsta pesquisa investiga as hipÃteses de que o chat à um gÃnero do discurso formado pela transmutaÃÃo do diÃlogo cotidiano para a Web e de que um grupo especÃfico de internautas, que se autodenomina Tananans, constitui-se em uma comunidade discursiva. As bases teÃricas utilizadas para a verificaÃÃo dessas hipÃteses foram a teoria enunciativa de Bakhtin (1981; 1997) e a noÃÃo de comunidade discursiva de Swales (1990; 1992). O corpus à resultado de uma pesquisa de cunho etnogrÃfico, realizada em uma sala especÃfica de chat. Focalizou-se, primeiramente, a superposiÃÃo de elementos semiÃticos, que confere ao chat marcas da esfera na qual o evento se insere, para, posteriormente, realizar a aplicaÃÃo dos critÃrios de comunidade discursiva de Swales ao grupo Tananans. O estudo mostra que o chat à o principal gÃnero que dà suporte verbal à comunicaÃÃo entre os internautas estudados. Tal gÃnero à marcado por um jogo intenso de semioses que simulam gestos, sons e expressÃes prÃprias da interaÃÃo oral, permitindo a conclusÃo de que a intersemiose som-imagem-escrita, por suprir as lacunas paralingÃÃsticas, mostra-se como marca da transposiÃÃo do diÃlogo cotidiano para a Web. Verificou-se, ainda, que embora a prÃtica comunicativa dos Tananans tenha iniciado das interaÃÃes via chat, esta se expande para outros mecanismos e gÃneros apropriados pelo grupo, permitindo a validaÃÃo da hipÃtese de que este grupo à uma comunidade discursiva no sentido que lhe dà Swales.
This research investigates the hypotheses that the chat is a class of the discourse formed by the transformation of the daily dialogue for the Web and that an specific group of internauts is a discoursing community. The theoretical bases used for checking these hypotheses are the enunciative theory of Bakhtin (1981; 1997) and the concept of discoursing community of Swales (1990; 1992). The corpus is the result of a research of ethnographic character, conducted in a specific chat room. Firstly, we focussed on the application of the criteria of Swalesâ discoursing community to the Tananans group. This is a group of virtual friends who interact with each other by chatting. Next, we observed the overlap of semiotical elements, which gives to the chat characteristics of the domain in which the event occurs, namely the Web. The analysis shows that, although the communicative practice of the Tananans has begun from the interactions through chatting, this practice expands towards other mechanisms and classes developed by the group, allowing the validation of the hypothesis that this group is a discoursing community in the sense attributed by Swales. Furthermore, we verified that chat is the main class which gives verbal support to the communication among the internauts. Such a class is characterized by an intense game of semioses that simulate gestures, sounds and expressions which are proper to the oral interaction. The analysis makes us conclude that the intersemiosis sound-image- writing reveals itself as a feature of the transformation of the daily dialogue for the Web, since it stops the paralinguistical gaps.
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Campos, Giannina Laucas de. "Texto, discurso e alteridade: heterogeneidade discursiva no chat." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2007. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4298.
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A linguagem veiculada pela mídia eletrônica, produzida por jovens em salas de bate-papo, vem causando reações adversas em vários setores da sociedade brasileira, tais como os da lingüística, filosofia, educação, psicologia, psiquiatria e do direito. Jornais e revistas, freqüentemente, divulgam a perplexidade de muitos diante dessa linguagem. Em virtude disso, abriu-se um campo fecundo de investigação científica na área de estudos da língua portuguesa. O objetivo desta dissertação é investigar não só os elementos gramaticais dos enunciados/discursos concernentes ao corpus, mas, além disso, extrapolar as fronteiras da morfossintaxe, que opera no plano da descrição da frase, em direção à análise de discurso, que opera no plano da interpretação, do modo como são construídos os discursos, da materialidade discursiva e das condições de produção deste. O corpus é constituído de textos do gênero chat, produzidos por jovens, entre treze e dezesseis anos, matriculados em uma escola particular do Rio de Janeiro. Para abordar um uso conversacional da língua portuguesa no chat, do ponto vista discursivo, optou-se pelo quadro teórico de Jacqueline Authier-Revuz, com o fito de interpretar questões, tais como: formas de heterogeneidade mostrada e marcada; interdiscurso; negação do enunciador estratégico; distinção entre o sujeito cartesiano (homogêneo e transparente) e o sujeito não-cartesiano (heterogêneo e opaco); discurso direto (em que a alteridade transparece no enunciado/discurso do locutor, que dá lugar ao discurso de um outro em seu próprio discurso); e conotação autonímica. A metodologia adotada parte do campo das ciências humanas como uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo. Em suma, é possível encontrar, nesta dissertação, a reflexão diluída dos conteúdos teóricos que contemplam a Gramática da Língua Portuguesa e a Análise de DiscursoThe language propagated through the electronic media, produced by youths inside chat rooms, have caused different types of reaction in many different sectors of the brazilian society, such as linguistics, philosophy, education, psychology, psychiatry and law. Newspapers and magazines often divulge the perplexity of several ahead this language. In virtue of this, a field full of scientific investigation in the area of studies of the portuguese language was opened. The aim of this paper is to investigate not only the grammatical elements of ennunciations containing in the corpus, but, moreover, surpass the borders of morfossintaxe, that operates in the plan of the description of the phrase, in direction to the speech analysis, that operates in the plan of the interpretation, in a way as the speeches are constructed, of the discursive materiality and the conditions of production of this. The corpus is constituted of texts of the sort "chat", produced by youths, between thirteen and sixteen years old, registered at a particular school in Rio de Janeiro. To approach the conversational use of the portuguese language during a "chat", through the speech point of view, it was opted the theoretical picture of Jacqueline Authier-Revuz, with the intention to interpret questions, such as: forms of shown marked heterogeneity; interdiscourse; negation of the strategic ennunciator; distinction between the cartesian citizen (homogeneous and transparent) and the non cartesian citizen (heterogeneous and cloudy); direct discourse (where the auterity is transparent in the statement/speech of the speaker, that gives place to another one in its own speech); and autonimic connotation. The adopted methodology starts at the human sciences field as a research of qualitative matrix. In short, it is possible to find, in this paper, the diluted reflection of the theoretical contents that contemplate the grammar of the portuguese language and analysis of speech.
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Delagrange, Philippe. "Locus coeruleus et comportements d'attention chez le chat." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066471.
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Des donnees anterieures, chez le chat, ayant indique l'importance de la mediation noradrenergique dans la modulation de l'attente, nous avons recherche la structure noradrenergique controlant ce comportement ainsi que le rythme electrocortical mu, localise dans l'aire si, qui lui est associe. Le marquage par transport retrograde de hrp a mis en evidence la projection du locus coeruleus (lc) sur le foyer thalamique commandant les rythmes mu. Une etude immunocytochimique nous a permis d'etudier des terminaisons noradrenergiques pericellulaires au niveau de ce foyer. Afin de determiner le type de modulation exercee par le lc sur le comportement et l'ecog d'attente, nous avons pratique des desafferentations noradrenergiques par un neurotoxique (dsp4) detruisant specifiquement les terminaisons noradrenergiques issues du lc ainsi que des lesions du lc. Nous concluons que les neurones noradrenergiques du lc exercent une influence inhibitrice sur le comportement d'attente et une exacerbation du comportement d'attention focalisee et des rythmes beta l'accompagnant. Enfin nous avons voulu connaitre le devenir des messages somesthesiques sous l'effet soit du developpement du rythme mu, soit lorsque le systeme noradrenergique est mis en jeu, c'est-a-dire lors d'un accroissement du niveau de vigilance. Nous montrons que pour un stimulus somesthesique donne, le message transthalamique est desorganise seulement pendant les episodes de mu. D'autre part, il nous est apparu que le rapport signal/bruit est plus faible en vigilance intense et augmente lorsque le niveau baisse. Le message serait attenue lorsque l'animal entre dans un etat d'immobilite vigilante
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Francoeur, Stephen. ""The IM Cometh: The Future of Chat Reference"." ACRL, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/135929.
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Araújo, Júlio César Rosa de. "Chat na web: um estudo de gênero hipertextual." www.teses.ufc.br, 2003. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8753.
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ARAÚJO, Júlio César Rosa de. Chat na web: um estudo de gênero hipertextual. 2003. 179f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2003.Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-19T13:22:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2003_dis_jcraraujo.pdf: 1446843 bytes, checksum: 1bd8310fb83f0c53246a7d5deadeaadc (MD5)
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This research investigates the hypotheses that the chat is a class of the discourse formed by the transformation of the daily dialogue for the Web and that an specific group of internauts is a discoursing community. The theoretical bases used for checking these hypotheses are the enunciative theory of Bakhtin (1981; 1997) and the concept of discoursing community of Swales (1990; 1992). The corpus is the result of a research of ethnographic character, conducted in a specific chat room. Firstly, we focussed on the application of the criteria of Swales’ discoursing community to the Tananans group. This is a group of virtual friends who interact with each other by chatting. Next, we observed the overlap of semiotical elements, which gives to the chat characteristics of the domain in which the event occurs, namely the Web. The analysis shows that, although the communicative practice of the Tananans has begun from the interactions through chatting, this practice expands towards other mechanisms and classes developed by the group, allowing the validation of the hypothesis that this group is a discoursing community in the sense attributed by Swales. Furthermore, we verified that chat is the main class which gives verbal support to the communication among the internauts. Such a class is characterized by an intense game of semioses that simulate gestures, sounds and expressions which are proper to the oral interaction. The analysis makes us conclude that the intersemiosis sound-image- writing reveals itself as a feature of the transformation of the daily dialogue for the Web, since it stops the paralinguistical gaps.
Esta pesquisa investiga as hipóteses de que o chat é um gênero do discurso formado pela transmutação do diálogo cotidiano para a Web e de que um grupo específico de internautas, que se autodenomina Tananans, constitui-se em uma comunidade discursiva. As bases teóricas utilizadas para a verificação dessas hipóteses foram a teoria enunciativa de Bakhtin (1981; 1997) e a noção de comunidade discursiva de Swales (1990; 1992). O corpus é resultado de uma pesquisa de cunho etnográfico, realizada em uma sala específica de chat. Focalizou-se, primeiramente, a superposição de elementos semióticos, que confere ao chat marcas da esfera na qual o evento se insere, para, posteriormente, realizar a aplicação dos critérios de comunidade discursiva de Swales ao grupo Tananans. O estudo mostra que o chat é o principal gênero que dá suporte verbal à comunicação entre os internautas estudados. Tal gênero é marcado por um jogo intenso de semioses que simulam gestos, sons e expressões próprias da interação oral, permitindo a conclusão de que a intersemiose som-imagem-escrita, por suprir as lacunas paralingüísticas, mostra-se como marca da transposição do diálogo cotidiano para a Web. Verificou-se, ainda, que embora a prática comunicativa dos Tananans tenha iniciado das interações via chat, esta se expande para outros mecanismos e gêneros apropriados pelo grupo, permitindo a validação da hipótese de que este grupo é uma comunidade discursiva no sentido que lhe dá Swales.
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CUNHA, Eva Carolina Da. "Estratégias de polidez na interação em aulas chat." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2009. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/7356.
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Previous issue date: 2009Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Os estudos sobre a polidez lingüística, apesar de amplos em diversas situações de interação verbal, parecem escassos quando na área da interação virtual. Este trabalho visa compreender como se dão as relações interacionais nesse meio, como as pessoas usam suas falas com a finalidade de evitar situações de ofensas e de buscar uma interação fluida e harmônica, já que as relações sociais estabelecidas em ambientes virtuais parecem tão confusas e propensas à má compreensão ou a desentendimentos. A pesquisa busca descrever como professores e alunos desenvolvem a conversação e focalizar as suas produções de estratégias de polidez e preservação da face como uma das formas de introduzir, manter e finalizar a interação. Para isso, foram selecionadas 15 aulas Chat, realizadas em 2001, 2003 e 2005. Embasaram a teoria e análises presentes, os modelos teóricos da polidez de Brown e Levinson (1987) e de Leech (1983, 2005), mas buscouse um viés sociointeracionista não contemplado nos referidos trabalhos. Os resultados apontaram para uma organização social desenvolvida, em parte, pela apropriação do gênero e, em parte, pelas relações de hierarquia e de afetividade, gerados pelo evento comunicativo e pelo meio virtual. Os resultados, expostos de forma cronológica (2001, 2003 e 2005), evidenciaram a emergência e consolidação do gênero comunicativo aula Chat, marcado, dentre outras coisas, por um comportamento polido, mais preventivo do que compensatório
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Mercier, David-Olivier. "Logic of Shared Significations on Internet Relay Chat." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39683.
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Through the observation of conversations on Internet Relay Chat and the quantitative analysis of “chat-logs”, I investigate the characteristics of this form of communication unique to the digital realm. My research rests on a theoretical framework integrating the semiotic and pragmatism of Charles S. Peirce (as primary groundwork) with the philosophy of Ludwig Wittgenstein and the sociology of Erving Goffman, to grasp shared significations in cyberspace simultaneously as logical process and as social practice. This exploratory case study yields evidence supporting the potential fruitfulness of Peircean philosophy as the foundation for a new paradigm in empirical communication research, and successfully puts to the test a particular type of method (computational and diagrammatic) suggested to accomplish such research.
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Kilgore, Whitney Kay. "Design of Informal Online Learning Communities in Education." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc862820/.
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The U.S. Department of Education, Office of Ed Tech Future Ready program has encouraged the use of open informal learning communities as professional learning opportunities for educators. This study categorizes 46 state Twitter chats by their moderation techniques and design. A purposive sample of Twitter chat designers participated in this phenomenological exploration that demonstrates how the designs of these informal learning spaces are aligned with the designers' pedagogical philosophies. Recommendations for supporting, growing, and sustaining similar learning communities are included.
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Malandain, Élise. "L'Elevage félin en France : étude bibliographique et personnelle." Lyon 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999LYO1V085.
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Germain, Estelle. "Approche éco-éthologique de l’hybridation entre le Chat forestier d’Europe (Felis silvestris silvestris Schreber 1777) et le Chat domestique (Felis catus L. )." Reims, 2007. http://theses.univ-reims.fr/exl-doc/GED00000738.pdf.
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L’hybridation avec le Chat domestique constitue une menace pour le Chat forestier d’Europe. Cependant, le contexte de cette hybridation et le rôle joué par les hybrides eux-mêmes sont peu connus. Nous avons étudié simultanément l’éco-éthologie des chats forestiers, des chats domestiques et de leurs hybrides à partir de l’analyse des lieux de collecte de 73 chats de morphotype forestier, et, en radio-pistant 22 individus équipés d’émetteurs dans les Ardennes. Le génotype de tous les chats collectés et radio-pistés a été déterminé. En France, la distribution des chats forestiers et des hybrides sont similaires. En revanche, si la présence de chats forestiers semble associée à celle du couvert forestier, celle des hybrides n'apparaît pas liée à un type d’habitat en particulier. De plus, l'analyse de 65 contenus stomacaux indique que les hybrides, comme les chats forestiers, consomment majoritairement des rongeurs, mais également des denrées d’origine anthropique, comme le font les chats domestiques. Par ailleurs, les hybrides ressemblent beaucoup aux chats forestiers pour ce qui est du mode d'utilisation de l'espace et de la sélection de l'habitat, tandis que les chats domestiques ont des domaines vitaux plus petits, centrés sur les fermes. Les rythmes d'activités des trois types de chats ne diffèrent pas, mais leurs patrons d'utilisation de l'espace sont très peu concordants. L’hybridation pourrait donc survenir essentiellement lors d’excursions ponctuelles. Comme les hybrides semblent, sur les plans écologique et éthologique, très proches des chats forestiers mais plus flexibles qu’eux, leur rôle potentiel dans la conservation du Chat forestier est discutéHybridisation with the domestic cat is one of the main threats to the European wildcat. However, the context in which hybridisation occurs and the role played by the hybrids themselves are not much known. We studied simultaneously the eco-ethology of European wildcats, domestic cats and their hybrids from the analysis of the places of collection of 73 cats with wildcat phenotype, and by radio-tracking 22 individuals equipped with radio-collars in the Ardennes region. The genotype of all the cats collected and radio-tracked was determined. In France, the distribution of wildcats and hybrids were similar. On the other hand, if the wildcats’ presence seemed to be linked to forest cover, the one of hybrids was not linked to a specific type of habitat. Moreover, the analysis of 65 stomach contents indicated that hybrids eat, mainly rodents, as wildcats, but also human-linked food, as domestic cats. Besides, hybrids resembled wildcats concerning spatial use and habitat selection whereas domestic cats havd smaller home ranges centred on farms. The activity rhythms of the three types of cats did not differ but concordance in space use was low. Thus, hybridization should occur essentially during punctual excursions. As hybrids seem, from an ecological and a behavioural point of view, to be close to wildcats but to be more flexible than them, their potential role in the conservation of the European wildcat is discussed
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Haskins, Bertram Peter. "A mathematics rendering model to support chat-based tutoring." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020567.
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Dr Math is a math tutoring service implemented on the chat application Mxit. The service allows school learners to use their mobile phones to discuss mathematicsrelated topics with human tutors. Using the broad user-base provided by Mxit, the Dr Math service has grown to consist of tens of thousands of registered school learners. The tutors on the service are all volunteers and the learners far outnumber the available tutors at any given time. School learners on the service use a shorthand language-form called microtext, to phrase their queries. Microtext is an informal form of language which consists of a variety of misspellings and symbolic representations, which emerge spontaneously as a result of the idiosyncrasies of a learner. The specific form of microtext found on the Dr Math service contains mathematical questions and example equations, pertaining to the tutoring process. Deciphering the queries, to discover their embedded mathematical content, slows down the tutoring process. This wastes time that could have been spent addressing more learner queries. The microtext language thus creates an unnecessary burden on the tutors. This study describes the development of an automated process for the translation of Dr Math microtext queries into mathematical equations. Using the design science research paradigm as a guide, three artefacts are developed. These artefacts take the form of a construct, a model and an instantiation. The construct represents the creation of new knowledge as it provides greater insight into the contents and structure of the language found on a mobile mathematics tutoring service. The construct serves as the basis for the creation of a model for the translation of microtext queries into mathematical equations, formatted for display in an electronic medium. No such technique currently exists and therefore, the model contributes new knowledge. To validate the model, an instantiation was created to serve as a proof-of-concept. The instantiation applies various concepts and techniques, such as those related to natural language processing, to the learner queries on the Dr Math service. These techniques are employed in order to translate an input microtext statement into a mathematical equation, structured by using mark-up language. The creation of the instantiation thus constitutes a knowledge contribution, as most of these techniques have never been applied to the problem of translating microtext into mathematical equations. For the automated process to have utility, it should perform on a level comparable to that of a human performing a similar translation task. To determine how closely related the results from the automated process are to those of a human, three human participants were asked to perform coding and translation tasks. The results of the human participants were compared to the results of the automated process, across a variety of metrics, including agreement, correlation, precision, recall and others. The results from the human participants served as the baseline values for comparison. The baseline results from the human participants were compared with those of the automated process. Krippendorff’s α was used to determine the level of agreement and Pearson’s correlation coefficient to determine the level of correlation between the results. The agreement between the human participants and the automated process was calculated at a level deemed satisfactory for exploratory research and the level of correlation was calculated as moderate. These values correspond with the calculations made as the human baseline. Furthermore, the automated process was able to meet or improve on all of the human baseline metrics. These results serve to validate that the automated process is able to perform the translation at a level comparable to that of a human. The automated process is available for integration into any requesting application, by means of a publicly accessible web service.
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Butgereit, Laura Lee. "C3TO : a scalable architecture for mobile chat based tutoring." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1511.
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C³TO (Chatter Call Centre/Tutoring Online) is a scalable architecture to support mobile online tutoring using chat protocols over cell phones. It is the scalability of this architecture which is the primary focus of this dissertation. Much has been written lamenting the state of mathematics education in South Africa. It is not a pretty story. In order to help solve this mathematical crisis, the “Dr Math” research project was started in January, 2007. “Dr Math” strove to assist school pupils with their mathematics homework by providing access to tutors from a nearby university to help them. The school pupils used MXit on their cell phones and the tutors used normal computer workstations. The original “Dr Math” research project expected no more than twenty to thirty school pupils to participate. Unexpectedly thousands of school pupils started asking “Dr Math” to assist them with their mathematics homework. The original software could not scale. The original software could not cater for the thousands of pupils needing help. The scalability problems which existed in the original “Dr Math” project included: hardware scalability issues, software scalability problems, lack of physical office space for tutors, and tutor time being wasted by trivial questions. C³TO tackled these scalability concerns using an innovative three level approach by implementing a technological feature level, a tactical feature level, and a strategic feature level in the C³TO architecture. The technological level included specific components, utilities, and platforms which promoted scalability. The technological level provided the basic building blocks with which to construct a scalable architecture. The tactical level arranged the basic building blocks of the technological level into a scalable architecture. The tactical level provided short term solutions to scalability concerns by providing easy configurability and decision making. The strategic level attempted to answer the pupils questions before they actually arrived at the tutor thereby reducing the load on the human tutors. C³TO was extensively tested and evaluated. C³TO supported thousands of school pupils with their mathematics homework over a period of ten months. C³TO was used to support a small conference. C³TO was used to encourage people to volunteer their time in participation of Mandela Day. C³TO was used to support “Winter School” during the winter school holiday. In all these cases, C³TO proved itself to be scalable.
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Lind, Adam. "Chat Language : In the continuum of speech and writing." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-21444.
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The aim of this essay is to determine where on a continuum between speech and writingwritten computer-mediated communication (chat language) would be placed. The essay makes use of a methodology based on Biber (1988). This was done using a quantitative research methodology based on counting and comparing specific linguistic features in different texts. The data for chat language came from the NPS Chat Corpus. Other data used were transcripts of spoken discourse as well as a popular scientific text as material for comparison. This essay is mainly focused on four features: the use of pronouns, passives, ellipsis and the type/token ration of each individual text. Despite the limited size of the material sampled, the results showed that chat language had more in common overall with speech than with writing.
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Sugiyama, Bruno Akio. "C2C: um chat bilíngue com apoio de senso comum." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2011. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/480.
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Previous issue date: 2011-10-21Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
In this research, we describe how common sense knowledge with machine translation can help the communication among people with different cultural background. In order to evaluate this possibility, we developed a bilingual chat called Culture-to-Chat or C2C that provides a communication channel and has resources that help its user to create messages in a second language. In the computer-mediated communication field, it is possible to notice that people are crossing geographic borders and having opportunities to share experiences among different cultures. Sharing information in a non native language can be difficult to some users. Some computational tools that support communication uses machine translation to aid users that need to work with different language. C2C also uses this approach and adopts a semantic network of cultural knowledge, collaboratively built on the Web through the Open Mind Common Sense in Brazil project (OMCS-Br) to work with cultural expression, in other words, terms whose meaning depends on user‟s culture. Following a user-centered design approach that focuses on prototyping, we present the development of C2C passing by low, middle and high fidelity prototypes. In order to observe how this computational tool is used and collect the opinion of target users, we perform a pilot study involving Brazilian and Canadian users. This study showed some enhancements for the tool and pointed evidences that this chat contributes to the communication between people with different cultural backgrounds.
Neste trabalho é descrito como o conhecimento de senso comum em conjunto com a tradução automática pode apoiar a comunicação entre pessoas de diferentes culturas. Para verificar a viabilidade do senso comum foi desenvolvido um chat bilíngue chamado Culture-to-Chat ou C2C, que, além de prover um canal de comunicação, possui mecanismos que auxiliam o usuário na criação de mensagens em língua estrangeira. No campo da comunicação mediada por computador, percebe-se que as pessoas estão cruzando as fronteiras geográficas e tendo oportunidades de troca de experiências entre diferentes culturas. Para alguns usuários, essa troca de informações é feita em uma língua não nativa, o que pode ser uma tarefa difícil para eles. Algumas ferramentas computacionais que apoiam a comunicação propõem o uso de tradução automática para trabalhar com usuários falantes de diferentes línguas. O C2C, além de adotar tal estratégia, adota a rede semântica de conhecimento cultural construida colaborativamente via Web do projeto Open Mind Common Sense no Brasil (OMCS-Br) para trabalhar com expressões culturais, ou seja, termos cujo significado depende da cultura do usuário. Utilizando uma abordagem centrada no usuário focando-se em prototipação, o desenvolvimento do C2C e suas funcionalidades são apresentados por meio de protótipos de diferentes níveis de fidelidade (baixa, média e alta). Com o intuito de observar o uso dessa ferramenta computacional e coletar opiniões de usuários, foi realizado um estudo piloto envolvendo usuários brasileiros e canadenses. Tal estudo mostrou possíveis melhorias pra a ferramenta e apontou indícios de que este chat contribui na comunicação entre pessoas de diferentes culturas.
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Leblond, Hugues. "Contrôle supraspinal du réseau locomoteur extensogène chez le chat." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape2/PQDD_0020/NQ55468.pdf.
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Sandy, Shastri Stefan J. 1978. "Chat decision assistant : an online distance collaborative decision tool." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/87429.
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Thesis (M.Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2002.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 59-60).
by Shastri Stefan J. Sandy.
M.Eng.
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Bordin, Dagoberto José. "Inscrições de si: da porta de banheiro ao chat." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNISUL, 2005. http://www.riuni.unisul.br/handle/12345/4538.
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Writing pervades human history, from rupestrian inscriptions to internet. Although supports change – walls, papyrus, parchments, tiles, papers, computer monitors – there remains a register, which transports human being beyond its own existence and which, precisely, renders it existing. In this thesis, I argue that restroom graffiti, apocryphal and ephemeral by their nature, are a link of the chain that identifies human being as the one who is capable of writing. It is an entity that can be figured out through its marks. Without aiming to interpret inscriptions, I restrict myself to observing that a great amount of impressions prefer to be revealed on the subversive support of the cell defined by the restroom door. And that the freedom of being anonymous that characterizes that door is kept when its contents are transposed to internet chatsSubmitted by Rogele Pinheiro (rogele.pinheiro@unisul.br) on 2018-01-17T16:36:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 79337_Dagoberto.pdf: 1658018 bytes, checksum: 52d6a5632b5504995da34b4ef506d1d8 (MD5)
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A escrita permeia a história da humanidade desde as inscrições rupestres até a internet. Embora mudem os suportes – paredes, papiros, pergaminhos, cerâmica, papel, o monitor de um computador –, permanece um registro que transporta o ser humano para além de sua própria existência e que, justamente, faz com que passe a existir. Defendo a idéia, nesta dissertação, de que os grafitos de porta de banheiro, apócrifos e efêmeros por natureza, são elo na corrente que identifica o ser humano como ser que é capaz de escrever. Ele é uma entidade que pode ser descoberta por suas marcas. Sem buscar interpretar as inscrições, atenho-me a observar que uma extensa quantidade de impressões prefere ser revelada no suporte subversivo da célula que a porta de banheiro encerra. E que a liberdade desta mesma porta de aparecer anônima se mantém quando seus conteúdos são transportados para a internet, para as salas de bate-papo.