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Academic literature on the topic 'LDV'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 31 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "LDV"

1

van den Broek, M. F., R. Spörri, C. Even, P. G. Plagemann, E. Hänseler, H. Hengartner, and R. M. Zinkernagel. "Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV): lifelong coexistence of virus and LDV-specific immunity." Journal of Immunology 159, no. 4 (August 15, 1997): 1585–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.159.4.1585.

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Abstract Viruses have developed various strategies to coexist with vertebrate hosts. Lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) is a highly cytopathic virus exhibiting an extraordinary rate of replication; LDV nevertheless establishes a persistent infection without harming the host. The cytotoxic and helper T cell responses to LDV were monitored in mice with different genetic backgrounds. LDV-specific cytotoxic and helper T cells were found in all strains tested. These responses persisted for at least up to 250 days despite high levels of LDV in the blood. Thus, the cytopathic LDV induces and maintains an inefficient immune response that is not exhausted. LDV infection in mice reveals a special type of host-virus equilibrium where LDV quickly establishes persistence despite continuously induced LDV-specific helper and cytotoxic T cell responses, which apparently are too slow to control the highly cytopathic and extremely fast replicating virus.

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Stokes, William, Carol Fenton, Fiona Clement, Matthew James, Paul Ronksley, and Karen L. Tang. "The Efficacy and Safety of 12 Weeks of Sofosbuvir and Ledipasvir versus Sofosbuvir, Ledipasvir, and Ribavirin in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C, Genotype 1, Who Have Cirrhosis and Have Failed Prior Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6468309.

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Background.The recommended therapy for patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), genotype 1, who have cirrhosis and have failed prior therapy is 12 weeks of sofosbuvir (SOF), ledipasvir (LDV), and ribavirin (RBV). This recommendation is based on expert opinion, and the efficacy of 12 weeks of SOF/LDV compared to SOF/LDV/RBV in this patient population has not yet been established.Methods. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Two investigators independently searched electronic databases and relevant conference proceedings for randomized controlled trials comparing rates of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12) when using 12 weeks of SOF/LDV versus 12 weeks of SOF/LDV/RBV in patients with CHC, genotype 1, who have cirrhosis and failed previous therapy.Results.Our search strategy yielded 596 studies of which four met criteria for inclusion. The pooled RR of not achieving SVR12 with SOF/LDV versus SOF/LDV/RBV was 1.21 (95% CI: 0.42–3.48). Adverse events were lower in the SOF/LDV compared to the SOF/LDV/RBV arms (pooled RR: 0.11, 95% CI: 0.04–0.29).Conclusions.Our findings suggest that 12 weeks of SOF/LDV cannot be considered noninferior to 12 weeks of SOF/LDV/RBV to achieve SVR12 in patients with CHC who have cirrhosis and failed prior therapy.

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Plagemann, Peter G. W., Quentin A. Jones, and William A. Cafruny. "N-Glycans on the short ectodomain of the primary envelope glycoprotein play a major role in the polyclonal activation of B cells by lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus." Journal of General Virology 81, no. 9 (September 1, 2000): 2167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-9-2167.

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The common biologically cloned isolates of lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV-P and LDV-vx) invariably cause a polyclonal activation of B cells in immunocompetent mice. It is recognized by an at least 10-fold increase in plasma IgG2a levels and the de novo formation of immune complexes that most likely consist of autoantibodies and their antigens. The present study indicates that three closely spaced N-glycans on the short ectodomain of the primary envelope glycoprotein, VP-3P, of LDV-P/vx, play a major role in inducing the polyclonal proliferation of B cells. IFN-γ then seems to mediate the differentiation of the activated B cells to IgG2a-producing plasma cells. These conclusions are based on the finding that the IgG2a hypergammaglobulinaemia and immune complex formation were much lower in mice that were infected with LDV variants (LDV-C and LDV-v) whose VP-3P ectodomains lack two of the three N-glycans than in LDV-P/vx infected mice. In contrast, the VP-3P ectodomains of three neutralization escape variants of LDV-C/v whose VP-3P ectodomains possess three N-glycosylation sites caused a polyclonal activation of B cells comparable to that of LDV-P/vx.

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Kiel, J. W., G. L. Riedel, G. R. DiResta, and A. P. Shepherd. "Gastric mucosal blood flow measured by laser-Doppler velocimetry." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 249, no. 4 (October 1, 1985): G539—G545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1985.249.4.g539.

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To determine the feasibility of measuring gastric mucosal blood flow by laser-Doppler velocimetry (LDV), we utilized two LDV flowmeters to monitor blood flow in mucosa and serosa of chambered canine stomach. In isolated, nonautoregulating gastric segments vasodilated with isoproterenol, LDV mucosal and muscularis blood flows were both linearly related to total electromagnetic blood flow during step increases in perfusion pressure. To assess the depth of the LDV measurement, we recorded reactive hyperemia following arterial occlusion. Reactive hyperemia was frequently registered in the mucosa but rarely in muscularis. Placing a layer of nonperfused mucosa-submucosa between the probe and the perfused mucosa abolished the resting LDV mucosal flow signal and attenuated the recording of peak hyperemia by 85%. Furthermore, intra-arterial infusions of both adenosine and isoproterenol frequently increased LDV mucosal flow and decreased LDV muscularis flow, although total flow was consistently increased. These findings indicate that our LDV instruments yield linear, superficial measurements of gastric blood flow in either mucosa or muscularis. Although calibration in absolute units remains to be achieved, our results demonstrate that LDV is a practical means of studying the gastric mucosal microcirculation.

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Arechvo, Irina, Nikoloz Lasurashvili, Matthias Bornitz, Zurab Kevanishvili, and Thomas Zahnert. "Laser Doppler vibrometry of the middle ear in humans: derivation dependence, variability, and bilateral differences." Medicina 45, no. 11 (November 11, 2009): 878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina45110113.

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Objective. Derivation dependence, inter- and intrasubject/intertest variability, bilateral differences of the eardrum vibration characteristics have been investigated using laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV). Material and methods. A total of 31 normally hearing adults were examined. In each subject, both ears were consecutively stimulated by the chirp acoustic stimulus that covered 500–3700-Hz frequencies. The laser beam was directed to and the reflection was consecutively picked up from the tympanic membrane surface. Results. LDV curves derived from different eardrum loci possessed dissimilar characteristics. The derivation area dependence was particularly apparent for the stimulus frequency constituents above 1500 Hz. The intersubject variability of LDV parameters exceeded the intrasubject/ intertest one. The intersubject divergences looked selectively distinct for the frequencies over 2000 Hz. Under repeated recordings, LDV parameters remained stable. The intertest differences, if appeared, concerned predominantly the magnitudes of separate frequency bands. LDV waveforms registered by experienced and beginner investigators were alike. Bilaterally derived LDV curves regularly differed from each other. In individual cases, the bilateral divergences approximated the intersubject deviation. Conclusions. The derivation area on the eardrum should be taken into account when estimating the actual LDV recording. Over repeated recordings in separate individuals, LDV waveforms are stable while the experience of investigator has slight if any influence on the principal LDV characteristics. Due to bilateral differences in the middle ear transfer function, in LDV testing of the ear suspected to the pathology, LDV recording from the opposite healthy ear could hardly be taken as an appropriate reference sample.

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Cheng, Guofeng, Yang Tian, Brian Doehle, Betty Peng, Amoreena Corsa, Yu-Jen Lee, Ruoyu Gong, et al. "In VitroAntiviral Activity and Resistance Profile Characterization of the Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitor Ledipasvir." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 60, no. 3 (January 11, 2016): 1847–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.02524-15.

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Ledipasvir (LDV; GS-5885), a component of Harvoni (a fixed-dose combination of LDV with sofosbuvir [SOF]), is approved to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Here, we report key preclinical antiviral properties of LDV, includingin vitropotency,in vitroresistance profile, and activity in combination with other anti-HCV agents. LDV has picomolar antiviral activity against genotype 1a and genotype 1b replicons with 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of 0.031 nM and 0.004 nM, respectively. LDV is also active against HCV genotypes 4a, 4d, 5a, and 6a with EC50values of 0.11 to 1.1 nM. LDV has relatively lessin vitroantiviral activity against genotypes 2a, 2b, 3a, and 6e, with EC50values of 16 to 530 nM.In vitroresistance selection with LDV identified the single Y93H and Q30E resistance-associated variants (RAVs) in the NS5A gene; these RAVs were also observed in patients after a 3-day monotherapy treatment.In vitroantiviral combination studies indicate that LDV has additive to moderately synergistic antiviral activity when combined with other classes of HCV direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents, including NS3/4A protease inhibitors and the nucleotide NS5B polymerase inhibitor SOF. Furthermore, LDV is active against known NS3 protease and NS5B polymerase inhibitor RAVs with EC50values equivalent to those for the wild type.

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Li, Yanlu, Emiel Dieussaert, and Roel Baets. "Miniaturization of Laser Doppler Vibrometers—A Review." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 23, 2022): 4735. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134735.

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Laser Doppler vibrometry (LDV) is a non-contact vibration measurement technique based on the Doppler effect of the reflected laser beam. Thanks to its feature of high resolution and flexibility, LDV has been used in many different fields today. The miniaturization of the LDV systems is one important development direction for the current LDV systems that can enable many new applications. In this paper, we will review the state-of-the-art method on LDV miniaturization. Systems based on three miniaturization techniques will be discussed: photonic integrated circuit (PIC), self-mixing, and micro-electrochemical systems (MEMS). We will explain the basics of these techniques and summarize the reported miniaturized LDV systems. The advantages and disadvantages of these techniques will also be compared and discussed.

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Robertson, Shelly J., Christoph G. Ammann, Ronald J. Messer, Aaron B. Carmody, Lara Myers, Ulf Dittmer, Savita Nair, et al. "Suppression of Acute Anti-Friend Virus CD8+ T-Cell Responses by Coinfection with Lactate Dehydrogenase-Elevating Virus." Journal of Virology 82, no. 1 (October 24, 2007): 408–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01413-07.

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ABSTRACT Friend virus (FV) and lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) are endemic mouse viruses that can cause long-term chronic infections in mice. We found that numerous mouse-passaged FV isolates also contained LDV and that coinfection with LDV delayed FV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses during acute infection. While LDV did not alter the type of acute pathology induced by FV, which was severe splenomegaly caused by erythroproliferation, the immunosuppression mediated by LDV increased both the severity and the duration of FV infection. Compared to mice infected with FV alone, those coinfected with both FV and LDV had delayed CD8+ T-cell responses, as measured by FV-specific tetramers. This delayed response accounted for the prolonged and exacerbated acute phase of FV infection. Suppression of FV-specific CD8+ T-cell responses occurred not only in mice infected concomitantly with LDV but also in mice chronically infected with LDV 8 weeks prior to infection with FV. The LDV-induced suppression was not mediated by T regulatory cells, and no inhibition of the CD4+ T-cell or antibody responses was observed. Considering that most human adults are carriers of chronically infectious viruses at the time of new virus insults and that coinfections with viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus are currently epidemic, it is of great interest to determine how infection with one virus may impact host responses to a second infection. Coinfection of mice with LDV and FV provides a well-defined, natural host model for such studies.

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Luchins, Kerith R., Darya Mailhiot, Betty R. Theriault, and George P. Langan. "Detection of Lactate Dehydrogenase Elevating Virus in a Mouse Vivarium Using an Exhaust Air Dust Health Monitoring Program." Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science 59, no. 3 (May 1, 2020): 328–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-jaalas-19-000107.

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Lactate dehydrogenase elevating virus (LDV) continues to be one of the most common contaminants of cells and cell byproducts. As such, many institutions require that tumor cell lines, blood products, and products derived or passaged in rodent tissues are free of LDV as well as other pathogens that are on institutional exclusion lists prior to their use in rodents. LDV is difficult to detect by using a live-animal sentinel health monitoring program because the virus does not reliably pass to sentinel animals. After switching to an exhaust air dust health monitoring system, our animal resources center was able to detect a presumably long-standing LDV infection in a mouse colony. This health monitoring system uses IVC rack exhaust air dust collection media in conjunction with PCR analysis. Ultimately, the source of the contamination was identified as multiple LDV-positive patient-derived xenografts and multiple LDV-positive breeding animals. This case study is the first to demonstrate the use of environmental PCR testing as a method for detecting LDV infection in a mouse vivarium.

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Casadevall, M., J. Panes, J. M. Pique, J. Bosch, J. Teres, and J. Rodes. "Limitations of laser-Doppler velocimetry and reflectance spectrophotometry in estimating gastric mucosal blood flow." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 263, no. 5 (November 1, 1992): G810—G815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1992.263.5.g810.

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This study investigated the accuracy of laser-Doppler flowmetry (LDV) and reflectance spectrophotometry (RS) measurements as an index of blood flow in the gastric mucosa of the rat, in experimental conditions such as pharmacologically induced vasoconstriction, hypoxia, hyperoxia, and acute normovolemic anemia. Hydrogen gas clearance was used as a reference method. After vasopressin infusion, LDV signal and indexes of hemoglobin (IHb) and oxygen (ISO2) content in the gastric mucosa estimated by RS significantly decreased in parallel with the reduction of gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF). Neither hypoxia (5% O2 administration) nor hyperoxia (100% O2) affected GMBF or LDV signal. However, both IHb and ISO2 significantly decreased or increased after hypoxia or hyperoxia, respectively. Acute normovolemic anemia induced a significant increase in GMBF, while LDV signal and ISO2 remained unchanged. IHb significantly decreased in linear relationship with the decrements in the hematocrit. It is concluded that 1) in pharmacologically induced GMBF changes, LDV and RS correlate with GMBF; 2) when changes in hemoglobin saturation are induced, LDV but not RS reflects GMBF; and 3) in acute normovolemic anemia, neither LDV nor RS reflects changes in GMBF.

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More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "LDV"

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Furey, Deborah A. "LDV Measurements in a Navy CPS fan /." Thesis, This resource online, 1991. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08142009-040414/.

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Felis-Carrasco, Francisco. "Atomisation et dispersion d'un jet liquide : approches numérique et expérimentale." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ECDM0001/document.

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L'atomisation d'un jet circulaire d'eau typique des applications agricoles est présentée dans cette étude. Maîtriser la dispersion de l'eau à des fins d'irrigation ou de traitements phytosanitaires implique de réduire la consommation d’eau et la pollution de l'environnement. Un cas d'étude simplifié est construit : une buse ronde dn=1.2 mm et d'une longueur Ln=50dn y est considérée. La vitesse d'injection est fixée à UJ=35 m/s et alignée avec la gravité, plaçant le jet liquide dans un régime d'atomisation turbulent. L'écoulement est statistiquement axisymétrique. L'approche est à la fois expérimentale et numérique.Un modèle multiphasique Eulérien de mélange décrit l'écoulement constitué de deux phases. Plusieurs modèles de turbulence U-RANS sont utilisés: k-ε et RSM. Une attention particulière est alors portée à la modélisation des effets de masse volumique variable issus de la formulation du fluide de mélange. Un solveur numérique spécifique est développé à l'aide du code CFD OpenFOAM. Une série de cas d'étude est construite pour tester l'influence de la modélisation de la turbulence et des fermetures de premier/second-ordre des flux massiques turbulents.Les techniques optiques (LDV et DTV) sont déployées pour recueillir des informations statistiques des phases liquide et gazeuse du spray. La campagne expérimentale est réalisée de x/dn=0 jusqu'à x/dn=800. En ce qui concerne la LDV, des gouttelettes d'huile d'olive (~1 µm) permettent d'analyser la phase gazeuse. Une distinction entre les gouttes de liquide et ces traceurs est obtenue par une configuration spécifique de la source laser et le paramétrage de la détection des bouffées Doppler (Filtre-BP et le SNR). Dans la zone dispersée, les mesures par DTV permettent d'estimer les vitesses et les tailles des gouttes. Une attention particulière est portée à l'estimation de la profondeur de champ (DOF) afin d'obtenir une corrélation taille-vitesse des gouttes moins biaisée.Les résultats numériques et expérimentaux concordent pour le champ de vitesse moyenne. Une forte dépendance au modèle de turbulence est trouvée. Cependant, le modèle RSM ne simule pas le comportement du tenseur de Reynolds. En effet, ni l'anisotropie trouvée expérimentalement (R22/R11≈0.05), ni la vitesse de glissement liquide-gaz ne peuvent être reproduites; même avec une fermeture au 2nd-ordre des flux massiques turbulents. Le fort rapport de masse volumique (eau/air), la directionnalité de l'écoulement et la production d'énergie cinétique turbulente peuvent être à l'origine d'une faible dispersion et d'un faible mélange entre les deux fluides. Ce mécanisme n'est pas encore clarifié du point de vue de la modélisation RSM
A typical water round-nozzle jet for agricultural applications is presented in this study. The dispersion of a liquid for irrigation or pesticides spraying is a key subject to both reduce water consumption and air pollution. A simplified study case is constructed to tackle both scenarios, where a round dn=1.2 mm nozzle of a length Ln=50dn is considered. The injection velocity is chosen to be UJ=35 m/s, aligned with gravity, placing the liquid jet in a turbulent atomization regime. The flow is considered statistically axisymmetric. Experimental and numerical approaches are considered.An Eulerian mixture multiphase model describes the original two-phase flow. Several U-RANS turbulence models are used: k-ε and RSM; where special attention is taken to the modelling of variable density effects from the mixture formulation. A custom numerical solver is implemented using the OpenFOAM CFD code. A series of study cases are constructed to test the influence of the turbulence modeling and first/second-order closures of the turbulent mass fluxes. LDV and DTV optical techniques are used to gather statistical information from both the liquid and the gas phases of the spray. The experimental campaign is carried out from x/dn=0 to x/dn=800. Concerning the LDV, small (~1 µm) olive-oil tracers are used to capture the gas phase, where a distinction between the liquid droplets and tracers is achieved by a specific set-up of the laser power source and the burst Doppler setting (BP-Filter and SNR). On the dispersed zone, DTV measurements are carried out to measure velocities and sizes of droplets. Special attention to the depth-of-field (DOF) estimation is taken in order to obtain a less biased droplet’s size-velocity correlation.Numerical and experimental results show good agreement on the mean velocity field. A strong dependence on the turbulence model is found. However, the RSM does not capture the same behaviour on the calculated Reynolds stresses. Indeed, neither the experimental anisotropy (R22/R11≈0.05), nor the liquid-gas slip-velocity can be reproduced, even with a second-order closure for the turbulent mass fluxes. The strong density ratio (water/air), flow’s directionality and production of turbulent kinetic energy may be the cause of a weak dispersion and mixing between the two fluids. This mechanism is not yet clarified from a RSM modeling point-of-view

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Parisot-Dupuis, Hélène. "Application de l'holographie acoustique en soufflerie par mesures LDV." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0035/document.

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L’ Holographie acoustique de champ proche (NAH) est une méthode d’imagerie acoustique robuste, mais son application en écoulement peut être limitée par l’utilisation de mesures intrusives de pression ou de vitesse acoustique. Dans cette étude, une procédure holographique applicable en écoulement utilisant des mesures de vitesse non-intrusives est proposée. Cette méthode est basée sur le théorème intégral de Kirchhoff-Helmholtz convecté. La fonction de Green convectée est alors utilisée pour déterminer des propagateurs spatiaux convectés définis dans l’espace réel et incluant l’effet d’un écoulement subsonique uniforme. Les transformées de Fourier discrètes de ces propagateurs permettent alors d’évaluer les champs acoustiques à partir de la mesure du champ de pression ou de vitesse acoustique normale. Le but étant de développer une méthode de caractérisation de sources aéroacoustiques à partir de mesures de vitesse non-intrusives, cette étude se concentre essentiellement sur les propagateurs réels convectés basés sur la mesure de vitesse acoustique. Afin de valider cette procédure,des simulations ont été menées dans le cas de combinaisons de sources monopolaires et dipolaires convectées corrélées ou non. La procédure holographique développée donne de bons résultats par comparaison aux champs acoustiques théoriques. Une comparaison des résultats obtenus par les propagateurs convectés réels, développés dans cette thèse, avec ceux obtenus par leurs formes spectrales, développés par Kwon et al. fin 2010 pour des mesures de pression acoustique, montre l’intérêt d’utiliser la forme réelle pour la reconstruction de la pression acoustique à partir de la mesure de vitesse acoustique normale. L’efficacité de la procédure développée est confirmée par une campagne de mesure en soufflerie avec un haut-parleur affleurant rayonnant au sein d’un écoulement à Mach 0.22, et des mesures non-intrusives effectuées par Vélocimétrie Laser Doppler (LDV). Les champs de vitesse acoustique utilisés pour la procédure holographique sont dans ce cas extraits des mesures LDV par corrélation avec un microphone de référence. La faisabilité de prendre en compte des variations de l’écoulement dans la direction de reconstruction holographique est également vérifiée
Nearfield Acoustic Holography (NAH) is a powerful acoustic imaging method but its application in flow can be limited by intrusive measurements of acoustic pressure or velocity. In this work, a moving fluid medium NAH procedure using non-intrusive velocity measurements is proposed. This method is based on the convective Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral formula. The convective Green’s function is then used to derive convective realspace propagators including uniform subsonic airflow effects. Discrete Fourier transforms of these propagators allow then the assessment of acoustic fields from acoustic pressure or normal acoustic velocity measurements. As the aim is to derive an aeroacoustic sources characterisation method from non-inrusive velocity measurements, this study is especially focused on real convective velocity-based propagators. In order to validate this procedure, simulations in the case of combinations of monopolar and dipolar sources correlated or not, radiating invarious uniform subsonic flows, have been performed. NAH provides very favorable results when compared to the theoretical fields. A comparison of results obtained by real convective propagators, developed in this work, and those obtained by the spectral ones, developed by Kwon et al. at the end of 2010 for acoustic pressure measurements, shows the interest of using the real-form for NAH acoustic pressure reconstruction from normal acoustic velocity measurements. The efficiency of the developed procedure is confirmed by a wind tunnel campaign with a flush-mounted loudspeaker radiating in a flow at Mach 0.22 and non-intrusive Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements. Acoustic velocity fields used for the NAH procedure are in this case extracted from LDV measurements by correlation with a reference microphone. The feasibility of taking into account mean flow variations in the direction of NAH reconstruction is also checked

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Pandey, Preetanshu. "Application evaluation of a prototype backscatter imaging LDV system (BILS)." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2660.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 100 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-86).

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Choi, Hae-Jin. "Kinematics measurements of regular, irregular, and rogue waves by PIV/LDV." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4797.

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A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to produce benchmark wave kinematics data for five different regular waves and the maxima of four different irregular wave trains. Two of the irregular waves generated are in the category of rogue waves. A series of experiments were conducted in a 2-D wave tank at Texas A&M University to measure wave velocities and accelerations using LDV and PIV systems. The wave crests of regular and rogue waves are the focus of this study. With the measured wave velocity field, the wave accelerations were computed using a centered finite difference scheme. Both local and convective components of the total accelerations are obtained from experimental data. Also, the nonlinear wave forces on a truncated slender cylinder are computed by applying the obtained wave kinematics to the Morison equation. The force results based on measured wave kinematics are compared with those based on the kinematics of linear extrapolation, Wheeler stretching, and modified stretching. The Wheeler stretching method generally underestimates the actual wave kinematics. The linear extrapolation method is very sensitive to the cutoff frequency of the wave spectrum. The modified stretching method tends to predict the maximum value of wave kinematics above the still water level (SWL) well except for the convective acceleration. The magnitude of convective acceleration in the regular waves was negligibly small, whereas the magnitudes of horizontal and vertical convective accelerations in the rogue wave were increased rapidly above the SWL.

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Землянський, Володимир Михайлович. "the two-wave ldv with cophased reception of the doppler signals." Thesis, Національний авіаційний університет, 2014. http://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/11708.

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Daughtrey, William D. "Development of an underwater LDV for use in the high radiation case." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17256.

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García, Vizcaino David. "Sistema láser de medida de velocidad por efecto doppler de bajo coste para aplicaciones industriales e hidrodinámicas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6892.

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La utilización práctica del efecto Doppler en la emisión láser fue propuesta desde los inicios del desarrollo de los láseres en los años sesenta. Sólo en los años ochenta la investigación realizada pudo salir del laboratorio y dar lugar a la fabricación de aparatos de medida de velocidad comerciales. A partir de los noventa estos aparatos se popularizaron rápidamente. Actualmente se utilizan medidores de velocidad láser por efecto Doppler en múltiples aplicaciones, entre las que sobresale la medida de velocidad de fluidos, para estudios aéreo e hidrodinámicos. Sus características únicas, como la precisión obtenida en la medida, su alta resolución espacial y el carácter no intrusivo, sólo han comenzado recientemente a tener rivales de consideración, como pueden ser la velocimetría de imagen de partículas (PIV). También la medida de velocidades de móviles sólidos comienza a resultar, con el abaratamiento general de los componentes opto-electrónicos, un objetivo para muchas empresas. Entre las aplicaciones de este tipo se contemplan el control de velocidad de los vehículos en carretera y el control de procesos industriales del ramo textil, papelero y de
empresas fabricantes de cables, entre otros.

Empresas europeas y americanas, como Dantec Electronik y TSI, por citar las más representativas, comercializan aparatos LDA de propósito general de altas prestaciones. Hasta la fecha estos sistemas sólo podían ser adquiridos por importantes centros de investigación o grandes empresas, debido a su elevado coste. El futuro comercial de la velocimetría láser Doppler exige la fabricación de aparatos más económicos y adaptados a las necesidades del cliente. Muchos de los sistemas actuales son voluminosos,
difíciles de manejar y con potencias de trabajo elevadas. Se está llevando a cabo un importante trabajo para conseguir reducir el tamaño y coste de los equipos sin perder sus principales prestaciones. Asimismo la alta velocidad y capacidad de cálculo de los ordenadores personales actuales debe hacer innecesaria la inclusión de procesadores específicos para estos equipos.

Presentamos el diseño y construcción de un sistema integral de medida de dos componentes de la velocidad, sistema 2D-LDA, para aplicaciones industriales e hidrodinámicas de baja potencia.

Siguiendo la filosofía delineada arriba, el diseño de nuestro sistema LDA fue realizado utilizando únicamente una fuente laser y un módulo detector. Los sistemas LDA de medida de dos componentes de velocidad comercialmente disponibles, por el contrario, emplean dos longitudes de onda óptica y dos fotodetectores independientes. Las emisiones azul y verde típicas de los láseres de ion-Ar son las longitudes de onda a menudo elegidas en este tipo de medidas.
Por otra parte, se ha empleado los dos canales de entrada de una tarjeta de adquisición de uso general para realizar el disparo multinivel. Esta configuración permite trabajar en cada momento con la parte de señal burst teóricamente más adecuada, con mayor valor de relación señal a ruido.

Este trabajo ha sido financiado por la CICYT Proyecto PETRI 95-0249-OP:

REALIZACIÓN DE SISTEMAS LÁSER PORTÁTILES DE MEDIDA DE VELOCIDAD POR EFECTO DOPPLER (LDA-LDV) DE BAJO COSTE PARA APLICACIONES INDUSTRIALES E HIDRODINÁMICAS.
The practical use of the Doppler effect at optical wavelengths was proposed at the early beginning of the development of the laser, in the sixties. However, it was only in the eighties when the results of the experimental work could finally get out of the laboratories, and the first Laser Velocimeters were commercially available. In the nineties this kind of systems became rapidly popular. Nowadays the Laser Velocimeters based on the Doppler frequency shift find a lot of important applications, especially in some industrial processes and in hydrodynamic and aerodynamic research.

The unique characteristics of the Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) only recently have encountered a rival technique in the Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), for applications on fluids. The main features of LDV systems are the accuracy and the speed of the measurements, the high spatial resolution and, of course, the non-intrusive character of the technique. Moreover this kind of systems present advantages not only in fluid applications: actually it can compete with the microwave radar in the estimation of the velocity of solid targets. This becomes possible due to the
progressive reduction of prices of optoelectronic devices and the improvement of its performances. The monitoring of the traffic velocity and the control of machinery in the manufacture of paper, wires and cables or thread can be mentioned among these applications.

European an American companies, as Dantek Electronic or TSI, to mention the two most representative, commercialize high performance general-purpose LDV systems. Up to the date these instruments are sizeable and expensive, and its use requires some special training. There is not doubt that the future market of the LDV systems goes through a substantial decrease of prices and, indeed, through the possibility of custom-built designs. The potential number of users would increase then in an important manner. Many efforts are now being devoted by researchers in that direction. Moreover, the important improvement of capabilities of the desktop computers makes unnecessary the special electronic processors that, up to now, have been provided by the manufacturers of LDV systems as a part of them.

In this Thesis the design and realization of a complete Laser Doppler Anemometer is presented. The system can measure two components of a fluid velocity (2D-LDA) and originally it was conceived to be used in industrial and hydrodynamics applications.

Following the philosophy outlined above, the design of our LDA system was performed with only one laser source and one detector module. The common commercially available LDAs, on the contrary, designed to measure two components of velocity, use two different optical wavelengths and two independent photodiodes.

On the other hand, a general-purpose acquisition card with two input channels has been used to implement a multilevel trigger. The configuration performed here permits to work in each moment with the part of the burst having the best signal to noise ratio.

This work has been supported by the Spanish Government, CICYT project PETRI 95-0249-OP.

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Bergan, Carl Werdelin. "Transient LDV-measurements in the draft tube of a high head Francis turbine." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for energi- og prosessteknikk, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-26064.

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Francis-99 is a series of upcoming workshops aimed at determining the state of the art of high head Francis turbine simulations. The scope of this essay is to provide empirical data to serve as validation for the CFD simulations.Axial and tangential velocity profiles were measured for a model of the Tokke runner while operating in part load, best efficiency, and full load, at two different locations in the draft tube cone: 64mm and 382mm below the draft tube inlet. The results were phase resolved in order to calculate normal Reynolds stresses at the different operating conditions, and the results have been compared with computer simulations. The resulting velocity profiles have been evaluated with respect to the governing equations, and the correlation between velocity profiles, pressure gradients and normal stresses has been discussed. The effect of head on the velocity profiles has been evaluated, and found to have only a small impact on the reduced velocity profiles, both axially and tangentially. The repeatability of the test rig was also tested, and found to be within acceptable limits.The reliability of the measured velocity profiles is considered high enough to be admissible as validation data for the Francis-99 workshop.The simulated results show good agreement with the measured velocity profiles for axial flow, but show great discrepancies for the tangential velocity profiles. How- ever, some similarities can be seen between the simulated and measured results, and further work is required in this area.

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Wu, Howard Honezern. "LDV measurements and numerical modeling of the turbulent flow in a stirred mixer." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184528.

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It is recognized that detailed knowledge of turbulence parameters, as well as velocities, can aid in understanding and modeling mixing rate-dominated phenomena in stirred vessels. Measurements using a laser-Doppler velocimeter and modeling using a k-ε turbulence model and FLUENT, a general-purpose fluid flow modeling program, have been conducted of the flow in a baffled, turbine-agitated vessel. The complex flow patterns and high turbulence intensities explain why flows in stirred vessels are difficult to attack experimentally or numerically. In the measurements, the necessary corrections for the periodic, nondissipative velocity fluctuations in the near-impeller region, which were caused by the periodic passage of the impeller blades, were made by an autocorrelation method. With the contributions of the periodic fluctuations removed, meaningful turbulence data including turbulence intensities, autocorrelation functions, turbulence energy spectra, turbulence scales, and turbulence energy dissipation rates were obtained. Integral scales and energy dissipation rates were a particular objective in this work because of their usefulness in modeling local mixing rates in turbulent flows. An energy balance around a region containing the impeller and the impeller stream showed that 60% of the energy transmitted into the vessel via the impeller was dissipated in the region, and 40% was dissipated in the rest of the vessel. An equation for calculating local energy dissipation rates ε from total turbulence energy and resultant integral scales, ε = A q³/² /L(res), appeared adequate with constant A = 0.85 (where q ≡ uᵢuᵢ/2, L(res) ≡√LᵢLᵢ, and uᵢ and Lᵢ are, respectively, the i-th component of fluctuation velocity and the turbulence integral scale measured in direction i). Both the k-ε model (two-dimensional) and FLUENT (which employed three-dimensional k-ε and Reynolds stress models) obtained mean velocity profiles fairly close to the experimental data, but both predicted k and ε significantly lower than the measured values. The reason for the underestimation of k and ε was not entirely clear, but may have been caused by use of only the random parts of velocities for computing k and ε at the impeller boundary. The objective of modeling complex turbulent flows in stirred vessels has been accomplished, a goal which until recently would have been considered beyond the possibility of computation.

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Books on the topic "LDV"

1

Terry, Len. Whoopsies of life: Comic capers from LDV to retirement. Worthing: L. Terry, 2002.

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Riethmuller, M. L. LDV and pressure measurements of gas particle flows in bends. Rhode Saint Genèse, Belgium: Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 1987.

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Riethmuller, M. L. LDV and pressure measurements of gas particle flows in bends. Rhode Saint Genese, Belgium: von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 1987.

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Di Maio, Dario, and Javad Baqersad, eds. Rotating Machinery, Optical Methods & Scanning LDV Methods, Volume 6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76335-0.

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Di Maio, Dario, and Javad Baqersad, eds. Rotating Machinery, Optical Methods & Scanning LDV Methods, Volume 6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-04098-6.

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Di Maio, Dario, and Javad Baqersad, eds. Rotating Machinery, Optical Methods & Scanning LDV Methods, Volume 6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47721-9.

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Niezrecki, Christopher, Javad Baqersad, and Dario Di Maio, eds. Rotating Machinery, Optical Methods & Scanning LDV Methods, Volume 6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12935-4.

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Hajivassiliou, V. A. The method of simulated scores for the estimation of LDV models. London: Suntory and Toyota International Centres for Economics and Related Disciplines, London School of Economics and Political Science, 1997.

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Tangirala, V. LDV/Rayleigh scattering measurements to study the blowoff of swirling flames. New York: AIAA, 1986.

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Leprince, F. Skin friction determination by LDV measurements in a viscous sublayer: Analysis of systematic errors. Rhode Saint Genese, Belgium: Von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "LDV"

1

Schuth, Michael, and Wassili Buerakov. "Laser-Doppler-Anemometrie (LDA/LDV)." In Handbuch Optische Messtechnik, 265–69. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446436619.033.

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Nilsson, Gert E. "Perimed’s LDV Flowmeter." In Laser-Doppler Blood Flowmetry, 57–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2083-9_4.

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Valière, Jean-Christophe. "LDV for Acoustics." In Acoustic Particle Velocity Measurements Using Lasers, 61–110. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118649336.ch3.

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Holloway, G. Allen. "Medpacific’s LDV Blood Flowmeter." In Laser-Doppler Blood Flowmetry, 47–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2083-9_3.

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Borgos, John A. "TSI’s LDV Blood Flowmeter." In Laser-Doppler Blood Flowmetry, 73–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-2083-9_5.

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Ikeda, Yuji, Noboru Kurihara, Tsuyoshi Nakajima, and Ryuichi Matsumoto. "Multipoint Simultaneous LDV Optics." In Applications of Laser Anemometry to Fluid Mechanics, 361–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83844-6_20.

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Beauvais, R. "Laser-Doppler Velocimetry (LDV)." In Optical Measurements, 179–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02967-1_10.

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Haertig, Jacques, and Alain Boutier. "Post-Processing of LDV Data." In Laser Velocimetry in Fluid Mechanics, 305–87. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118569610.ch8.

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Czarske, Jürgen, and Lars Büttner. "Micro Laser Doppler Velocimetry (μ-LDV)." In Encyclopedia of Microfluidics and Nanofluidics, 1825–29. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5491-5_977.

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Mignanelli, Laura, and Christian Rembe. "Non-contact Health Monitoring with LDV." In Bioanalysis, 1–8. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46691-6_1.

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Conference papers on the topic "LDV"

1

Wang, Qi, Chunfeng Gao, Guo Wei, and Xingwu Long. "Online calibration technique for LDV in SINS/LDV integrated navigation systems." In SPIE Defense + Security, edited by Edward M. Carapezza. SPIE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2266141.

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Pham, Quan, Tanu Malik, Boris Glavic, and Ian Foster. "LDV: Light-weight database virtualization." In 2015 IEEE 31st International Conference on Data Engineering (ICDE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icde.2015.7113366.

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Hobson, C. Allan, and Michael J. Lalor. "A Cost-Effective LDV System." In Laser Technologies in Industry. SPIE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.968867.

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Chouinard, E., F. Hamady, and H. Schock. "Airflow Visualization and LDV Measurements in a Motored Rotary Engine Assembly Part 2: LDV Measurements." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/900031.

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Dutton, J. C., A. L. Addy, and M. Sammy. "LDV measurements in supersonic separated flows." In ICALEO® ‘87: Proceedings of the International Conference on Optical Methods in Flow & Particle Diagnostics. Laser Institute of America, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5057941.

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Chandrasekhara, Muguru S., and R. D. VanDyken. "LDV measurements in dynamically separated flows." In Laser Anemometry: Advances and Applications--Fifth International Conference, edited by J. M. Bessem, R. Booij, H. W. H. E. Godefroy, P. J. de Groot, K. K. Prasad, F. F. M. de Mul, and E. J. Nijhof. SPIE, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.150518.

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Giménez, Jesús, and Lluís Màrquez. "The LDV-COMBO system for SMT." In the Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1654650.1654678.

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Weihong Li, Ming Liu, Zhigang Zhu, and T. S. Huang. "LDV Remote Voice Acquisition and Enhancement." In 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpr.2006.746.

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Jonckheere, Edmond A., and Stephan K. Bohacek. "LDV control over compact riemannian manifolds." In 2010 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2010.5717229.

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Bogy, D. B., and M. Suk. "Application Of LDV And LDA To Tribological Studies In Magnetic Recording Disk Drives." In OE LASE'87 and EO Imaging Symp (January 1987, Los Angeles), edited by Ryszard J. Pryputniewicz. SPIE, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.939775.

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Reports on the topic "LDV"

1

R.F. Kunz, S.W. D'Amico, P.F. Vassallo, and M.A. Zaccaria. LDV Measurement of Confined Parallel Jet Mixing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/821677.

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Sherrouse, Peter M. Subsonic Choked Flow LDV Calibrator/Velocity Standard Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539257.

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Chesnakas, Christopher J., and Stuart D. Jessup. Cavitation and 3-D LDV Tip-Flowfield Measurements of Propeller 5168. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada347482.

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TUTU, N. K., C. R. KRISHNA, J. W. ANDREWS, and T. A. BUTCHER. CHARACTERIZATION OF AIRFLOWS NEAR THE EXIT OF HVAC REGISTERS USING LASER DOPPLER VELOCIMETRY (LDV). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/809913.

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Gangopadhyay, Arup, D. G. McWatt, R. J. Zdrodowski, Zak Liu, Larry Elie, S. J. Simko, Ali Erdemir, Giovanni Ramirez, J. Cuthbert, and E. D. Hock. Development of Modified Pag (Polyalkylene Glycol) High VI High Fuel Efficient Lubricant for LDV Applications. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1234442.

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Bucaro, J. A., J. Vignola, B. H. Houston, and A. J. Romano. Preliminary Observations Regarding LDV Scans of Panels Excited by Broadband Actuators at the US Capitol. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada418869.

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Cusanelli, Dominic S., and Scott A. Carpenter. Axial Waterjet (AxWJ) Model 5662: Hull Resistance and Model-Scale Powering with LDV Nozzle Design. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada473572.

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Lyons, Daniel J., and Christopher J. Chesnakas. Bare Hull Resistance Experiments and LDV Wake Surveys for a Trimaran Concept of a Heavy Air Lift Seabasing Ship (HALSS) Represented by Model 5651. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada473766.

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Andersson, L., P. Doolan, N. Feldman, A. Fredette, and B. Thomas. LDP Specification. RFC Editor, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3036.

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Thomas, B., and E. Gray. LDP Applicability. RFC Editor, January 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc3037.

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