Journal articles on the topic 'LDPE'
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1
Zhao, Hong, Si Yuan Peng, and Jia Ming Yang. "Improving the Dispersity and DC Breakdown of MgO/LDPE Nanocomposite by Adding EVA." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 339–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.339.
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To improve the agglomerate phenomena of polarity nanosized MgO-filler in non-polar low density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix, in the composite (MgO/LDPE) master batch preparation process, adding a certain amount of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), in order to improve the compatibility of nanoparticles and matrix materials. The dispersion states of MgO in the MgO/LDPE and EVA/MgO/LDPE composite material was evaluated by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), results shown that compared with MgO/LDPE nanocomposite, the dispersion of EVA modified MgO/LDPE is better and the agglomerate phenomena is not seen. DC breakdown tests shown that EVA modified MgO/LDPE compared with other several kinds of materials (LDPE; EVA/LDPE; MgO/LDPE and EVA/MgO/LDPE); the DC breakdown strength has improved significantly.
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Kalia, Arun, and M. S. Dhanya. "Evaluation of Biodegradation Efficiency of Xylene Pretreated Polyethylene Wastes by Isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i03.045.
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The ability of the bacterial degradation of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) waste by Lysinibacillus fusiformis isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil was investigated in the present study. The potential of the bacterial isolate to utilize LDPE waste bags of two different thicknesses in a month as a sole carbon source in mineral salt media was assessed. Further, the effect of pretreatment by xylene on the bacterial degradation of LDPE waste bags (0.5 percent w/v) in 30 days was investigated. The isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis was able to degrade 9.51 percent of LDPE with 30 μm thickness but able to degrade only 1.45 percent of LDPE having 50 μm thickness. The bacterial biomass was 1.77 times higher on LDPE- 30 μm containing media in comparison to LDPE- 50 μm. The xylene pretreatment of LDPE wastes enhanced the biodegradation efficiency of isolated Lysinibacillus fusiformis to 12.09 and 1.97 percent respectively in 30 μm and 50 μm thick LDPE bags. The xylene pre-treatment improved the bacterial growth on media with LDPE of both thicknesses. The adherence of bacterium on the surface of LDPE was found more on 50 μm thick xylene treated LDPE compared to its untreated LDPE than 30 μm thick LDPE films. The xylene pre-treatment of polyethylene waste had an additive effect on the biodegradation of waste LDPE films with a significant effect on thickness.
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Novello, Vittorino, Laura De Palma, Luigi Tarricone, and Giuliano Vox. "Effects of different plastic sheet coverings on microclimate and berry ripening of table grape cv "Matilde"." OENO One 34, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.2000.34.2.1011.
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<p style="text-align: justify;">Two types of plastic cover (LDPE + EVA and LDPE + HDPE) were tested to assess their radiometric properties and the influence on the vegetative and reproductive performances of ‘Matilde’ table grape. Films showed the same transmittance to short infrared waves, but LDPE + EVA had a higher transmissivity to visible, PAR and short infrared wavelength ranges of solar radiation, especially as for the « direct » light component. In comparison to the open field, covering increased GDD accumulation and advanced budbreak by 12 days (LDPE + HDPE) or 20 days (LDPE + EVA). Commercial ripening (14 °Brix) was advanced by 8 and 22 days, respectively. Must acidity was higher in open field than under LDPE + EVA. Yield per vine increased under LDPE + EVA, although not at a significant level; bunch mass was higher under LDPE + EVA than in open field. Berry mass was maximum under LDPE + EVA and progressively decreased under LDPE + HDPE and in open field. Under covering, the pruning cane mass increased by 63% with LDPE + EVA and 43% with LDPE + HDPE.</p>
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Sabet, Maziyar, and Hassan Soleimani. "Broad studies of graphene and low-density polyethylene composites." Journal of Elastomers & Plastics 51, no. 6 (October 3, 2018): 527–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095244318802608.
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Graphene (Gr) distribution in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) considerably increased thermal stability, thermal conductivity, mechanical properties, and flexural properties of LDPE/Gr composites. Addition of Grs to LDPE postponed the time for making the polymer brittle. High specific surface area and superior properties of Gr improved thermal stability, conductivity, storage modulus, and mechanical properties of composites. The electrical conductivity of LDPE/Grs composites upgraded owing to the thermal stability of Grs in LDPE matrix. In terms of rheology, the addition of Grs augmented viscosity of the LDPE matrix. Addition of Grs to LDPE nucleates crystallization by reducing the activation energy along with rising crystallization onset temperature. Adding Gr facilitated decreasing aggregation, expanded crystallinity, improved the local lattice order of LDPE/Grs, and advanced Grs contact with LDPE. Thus, on a macroscopic scale, Gr constrains mobility of polymer chains, causing a growth in stiffness and strength of the composite. The distribution of Grs in LDPE at micron size scale was verified by atomic force microscopy and other microscopic testers. With further Grs inclusions to LDPE, the activation energy reduced, Grs proceeded as nucleating agents throughout the crystallization of composites, and increased the enhancement of relative crystallinity of LDPE/Gr compounds. The percolation phenomenon of LDPE/Gr composite occurred about 0.5 wt% of Gr loading. Due to further addition of Gr to LDPE, the impermeability of oxygen through the conduit raised somehow the LDPE/Gr sample with 0.5 wt% Gr content, generated a sharp improvement, and dropped fuel permeation with about 37% in comparison with pure LDPE.
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Tang, Ying, Yun Wang, and Xian Ping Xia. "Influence of the Particle Size of LDPE on the Performance of Cu/LDPE Composites." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 330–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.330.
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The Cu/LDPE composites were characterized through the tests of micro-structure, mechanical property, surface hydrophilicity and releasing rate of cupric ions, in order to study the influence of the particle size of LDPE on the performance of Cu/LDPE composites. The results indicate that, with decreasing of the particle size of LDPE, Cu/LDPE composites have greater value of elongation at break and releasing rate of cupric, but smaller value of tensile strength and elasticity modulus, and the influence on surface hydrophilicity and crystalline is little. It is considered that the influence of the particle size of LDPE on the performance of Cu/LDPE composites results from the difference of both the molecular weight of LDPE and the dispersion uniformity of copper in LDPE.
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Gong, Zhu, Long Jin, Xingye Yu, Baoteng Wang, Shuang Hu, Honghua Ruan, Yun-Ju Sung, Hyung-Gwan Lee, and Fengjie Jin. "Biodegradation of Low Density Polyethylene by the Fungus Cladosporium sp. Recovered from a Landfill Site." Journal of Fungi 9, no. 6 (May 24, 2023): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof9060605.
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Low density polyethylene (LDPE) has been widely used commercially for decades; however, as a non-degradable material, its continuous accumulation has contributed to serious environmental issues. A fungal strain, Cladosporium sp. CPEF-6 exhibiting a significant growth advantage on MSM-LDPE (minimal salt medium), was isolated and selected for biodegradation analysis. LDPE biodegradation was analyzed by weight loss percent, change in pH during fungal growth, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Inoculation with the strain Cladosporium sp. CPEF-6 resulted in a 0.30 ± 0.06% decrease in the weight of untreated LDPE (U-LDPE). After heat treatment (T-LDPE), the weight loss of LDPE increased significantly and reached 0.43 ± 0.01% after 30 days of culture. The pH of the medium was measured during LDPE degradation to assess the environmental changes caused by enzymes and organic acids secreted by the fungus. The fungal degradation of LDPE sheets was characterized by ESEM analysis of topographical alterations, such as cracks, pits, voids, and roughness. FTIR analysis of U-LDPE and T-LDPE revealed the appearance of novel functional groups associated with hydrocarbon biodegradation as well as changes in the polymer carbon chain, confirming the depolymerization of LDPE. This is the first report demonstrating the capacity of Cladosporium sp. to degrade LDPE, with the expectation that this finding can be used to ameliorate the negative impact of plastics on the environment.
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Zhao, Xue Yan, Xue Gang Luo, Xiao Yan Lin, and Xiao Qi. "Rheological and Thermal Properties of Blends of Recycled LDPE and Virgin LDPE." Advanced Materials Research 734-737 (August 2013): 2501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.2501.
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Blends of recycled LDPE and LDPE were prepared by the twin-screw extruder at different ratios. Recycled LDPE was used as matrix in this work, LDPE was used to improve the properties of RLDPE. Thermal and rheological properties of the blends were carefully evaluated and compared with pure LDPE. DSC measurements indicates that the RLDPE/LDPE blends are miscible in the crystalline phase and LDPE can increase the crystallization of the blends. Rheological analysis shows that virgin LDPE will promote the normal flow of RLDPE and improve the mobility of chain segments in flow. Consequently, the rheological and processing properties of the blends have improved compared to RLDPE. The blends show potential applications in high-value products.
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Liu, Jun, Youyuan Wang, Kun Xiao, and Zhanxi Zhang. "Research on the Thermal Aging Behaviors of LDPE/TiO2 Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5048382.
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The ability of antithermal aging of LDPE/TiO2 nanocomposites was investigated through SEM, FTIR, DSC, and dielectric properties in this paper. The results of SEM images showed that the thermal aging had a significant influence on the structure of Pure-LDPE and LDPE/TiO2 samples. The measurement of FTIR showed that the content of hydroxyl and carboxyl increased with thermal aging, but the time of emerging aging characteristic peaks for the LDPE/TiO2 samples was delayed. The DSC measurement indicated that filling TiO2 nanoparticles changed the crystallization behavior of LDPE, played a role of heterogeneous nucleation during the process of recrystallization, and improved the crystallinity of LDPE/TiO2. Similarly, the aged LDPE/TiO2 samples had lower permittivity and dissipation factor compared to the aged Pure-LDPE samples. All the results had indicated the LDPE/TiO2 samples had the significant ability of antithermal aging, especially the LDPE/TiO2-0.5 samples with good dispersion of nanoparticles. A new model was proposed to illustrate the antithermal aging behaviors of LDPE/TiO2 samples, which shows that the TiO2 nanoparticles play a role of “crosslinking points” between LDPE molecular chains, increasing the density of crystal structure and reducing oxygen diffusion into materials to break molecular structure.
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Zhu, Nianqing, Hailong Chen, Xinxing Gao, Rongjie Hou, Zhongbing Ni, and Mingqing Chen. "Fabrication of LDPE/PS interpolymer resin particles through a swelling suspension polymerization approach." e-Polymers 20, no. 1 (July 6, 2020): 361–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2020-0031.
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AbstractA facile method to prepare low-density polyethylene (LDPE)/polystyrene (PS) interpolymer resin particles by swelling suspension polymerization without addition of extra swelling agent was developed. The polymerization temperature, polymerization time, and initiator concentration were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis confirmed that the LDPE/PS interpolymer resin particles were successfully prepared and a small amount of PS-g-LDPE existed in the resin. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that PS was uniformly distributed in the LDPE matrix, indicating excellent compatibility between PS and LDPE. The mechanical properties of LDPE/PS interpolymer resin were intermediate between PS and LDPE polymers.
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Aktas, Cihan, Osman Polat, Mohamadreza Beitollahpoor, Melika Farzam, Noshir S. Pesika, and Nurettin Sahiner. "Force-Based Characterization of the Wetting Properties of LDPE Surfaces Treated with CF4 and H2 Plasmas." Polymers 15, no. 9 (April 29, 2023): 2132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15092132.
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Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) films are widely used in packaging, insulation and many other commodity applications due to their excellent mechanical and chemical properties. However, the water-wetting and water-repellant properties of these films are insufficient for certain applications. In this study, bare LDPE and textured LDPE (T-LDPE) films were subjected to low-pressure plasmas, such as carbon tetrafluoride (CF4) and hydrogen (H2), to see the effect of plasma treatment on the wetting properties of LDPE films. In addition, the surface of the LDPE film was textured to improve the hydrophobicity through the lotus effect. The LDPE and T-LDPE films had contact angle (θ) values of 98.6° ± 0.6 and 143.6° ± 1.0, respectively. After CF4 plasma treatments, the θ values of the surfaces increased for both surfaces, albeit within the standard deviation for the T-LDPE film. On the other hand, the contact angle values after H2 plasma treatment decreased for both surfaces. The surface energy measurements supported the changes in the contact angle values: exposure to H2 plasma decreased the contact angle, while exposure to CF4 plasma increased the contact angle. Kinetic friction force measurements of water drops on LDPE and T-LDPE films showed a decrease in friction after the CF4 plasma treatment, consistent with the contact angle and surface energy measurements. Notably, the kinetic friction force measurements proved to be more sensitive compared to the contact angle measurements in differentiating the wetting properties of the T-LDPE versus 3× CF4-plasma-treated LDPE films. Based on Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) images of the flat LDPE samples, the 3× CF4 plasma treatment did not significantly change the surface morphology or roughness. However, in the case of the T-LDPE samples, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images showed noticeable morphological changes, which were more significant at sharp edges of the surface structures.
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Jai, Junaidah, Siti Fatma Abd Karim, Nurul Asyikin Md Zaki, Rabiatul Adawiyah Abdol Aziz, Farhana Wahet, and Nadiah Shafiqah Shaharuddin. "Physico-mechanical and water absorption properties of LDPE/cassava starch film." Malaysian Journal of Chemical Engineering and Technology (MJCET) 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/mjcet.v4i2.13825.
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Plastic waste is a global crisis, and Malaysia is the 8th worst country worldwide for plastic waste. With this trend, growing market demands for green product have imposed pressure on industries to find an alternative to petroleum-based plastic. Degradable plastic is introduced to overcome this limitation. The present work investigates degradable plastic film of low-density polyethylene incorporated with cassava starch (LDPE-CS). The compounding of the LDPE-CS was prepared via pre-mixing, blending, resin crushing, and film hot pressing. Film thickness, tensile strength, elongation, water absorption, and field test were conducted on the LDPE-CS and commercial LDPE (control). Experimental data of LDPE-CS and commercial LDPE films were evaluated and compared. Thickness of LDPE-CS film was 0.18 mm which was 51% thicker than the control film. Tensile strength and elongation of the LDPE-CS were 7.04 MPa and 5.39%, while control film was 12.77 MPa and 921.5%, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation of the LDPE-SC were significantly lower than the control film, which may be due to the weak interface between LDPE and starch. The water absorption test revealed that the LDPE-CS film absorbed water by 4.8%, which indicates its degradability in the water. The field test shows that the LDPE-CS is biodegradable and comparable with the commercial plant polybag in terms of its capability in planting.
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Tee, Tiam Ting, Soo Tueen Bee, Tin Sin Lee, Chantara Thevy Ratnam, and Haraveen Kaur Jogindar Singh. "Hot Set Characterization of Electron Beam Irradiated-Copper (II) Oxide Added LDPE Composites under Acidic Aging." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.63.
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In this research study, the effect of aging duration time and electron beam irradiation dosages on the hot set results of copper (II) oxide added LDPE composites have been investigated. The addition of copper (II) oxide particles in LDPE matrix has significantly reduced the formation of crosslinking networks in LDPE matrix by blocking the mobility of free radicals generated by electron beam irradiation. At lower irradiation dosages (< 100 kGy), all the copper (II) oxide added LDPE composites were immediately failed the hot set test when subjected to static load of 20 N/cm2 under high temperature. Besides, the occurrence of copper (II) oxide particles in LDPE matrix also reduced the matrix continuities of copper (II) oxide added LDPE composites and caused the matrix resistance ability of LDPE matrix to be decreased. The increasing of irradiation dosages has significantly delayed the failing time of all LDPE composites when under static load at high temperature. This is because the increasing of electron beam irradiation could further induce the generation of free radicals to form higher degree of crosslinking networks in LDPE matrix. At higher irradiation dosage up to 250 kGy, the pristine LDPE was observed able to withstand the applied static load under high temperature more than 15 minutes. This is due to higher degree of crosslinking networks formed in LDPE matrix could effectively restrict the mobility of LDPE chains under static load and thus delay the failing of sampels. When the aging duration time increased from 4 days to 14 days, the resistance ability of all LDPE has been significantly weakened due to the occurrence of chain scissioning process in LDPE matrix by delaying the failing time of samples.
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Cheng, Yujia, Guang Yu, Xiaohong Zhang, and Boyang Yu. "The Research of Crystalline Morphology and Breakdown Characteristics of Polymer/Micro-Nano-Composites." Materials 13, no. 6 (March 21, 2020): 1432. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13061432.
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In this article, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used as a matrix polymer, the Micro-ZnO and Nano-ZnO particles were used as the inorganic filler. With the melt blending method, the Nano-ZnO/LDPE(Nano-ZnO particles doping into LDPE), Micro-ZnO/LDPE(Micro-ZnO particles doping into LDPE) and Micro-Nano-ZnO/LDPE (Nano-ZnO and Micro-ZnO particles doping into LDPE in the same time) composites were prepared. Then, the inorganic filler and the composites were dealt with structural characterizations and analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Polarization microscope (PLM), and Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Besides, these samples were dealt with (alternating current) AC breakdown performance test. The micro-experimental results showed that the Micro-ZnO and Nano-ZnO particles doping reduced the crystal size and increased the crystallization rate. With the change of cell structure, the crystallinity of composites increased. The crystallinity order of different samples was as follows: LDPE < Micro-ZnO/LDPE < Nano-ZnO/LDPE < Micro-Nano-ZnO/LDPE. From the breakdown of the experimental result, with the same mass fraction of the different inorganic doping of particles, the breakdown strength of these composites was different. The Nano-ZnO particle doping could improve the breakdown strength of composites effectively. Among them, the breakdown strength of Nano-ZnO/LDPE and Micro-Nano-ZnO/LDPE were 11% higher and 1.3% lower than that of pure LDPE, respectively. Meanwhile, the breakdown strength of Micro-composite was the lowest but its Weibull shape coefficient was the highest. Therefore, the Micro-ZnO doping was helpful for the Nano-ZnO dispersing in the matrix, which produced the Micro-Nano-synergy effects better.
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Ndlovu, S. S., A. J. van Reenen, and A. S. Luyt. "LDPE–wood composites utilizing degraded LDPE as compatibilizer." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 51 (August 2013): 80–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2013.04.005.
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Yap, E. P., S. C. Koay, M. Y. Chan, H. L. Choo, T. K. Ong, and K. Y. Tshai. "Recycling Polymer Blend made from Post-used Styrofoam and Polyethylene for Fuse Deposition Modelling." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2120, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2120/1/012021.
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Abstract Styrofoam is widely used as packaging material for many applications like home furniture and electrical appliance. Styrofoam is a non-biodegradable material which its disposal causes serious environment issues. This research demonstrates an alternate recycling method of Styrofoam waste by converting it into 3D printing filament for Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM). For this research, the recycled polystyrene (rPS) was extracted from Styrofoam waste and blended with low-density polyethylene (LDPE), then extruded into filament using a filament extruder. The formulated rPS/LDPE blend with different blend ratio exhibited a good printability when the printing temperature and extrusion rate fixed at 240°C and 120%. However, the tensile strength of printed specimens with rPS/LDPE blends were lower than printed specimen with neat rPS. The tensile strength and modulus of printed specimens with rPS/LDPE were decreased due to the increase of LDPE content. The decrease of tensile strength mainly caused by the incompatibility between the rPS and LDPE phases. However, the addition of more LDPE content in the blend enhanced the ductility of rPS/LDPE blends. Furthermore, the increase of LDPE content also increased the thermal stability of rPS/LDPE blends. Overall, the rPS/LDPE blend is a potential alternate material for producing FDM filament.
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Sarker, Ranojit Kumar, Payel Paul, Sharmistha Das, Sudipta Chatterjee, Poulomi Chakraborty, and Prosun Tribedi. "Exploration of Strategies for the Enhanced Biodegradation of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) by A Soil Bacterium Enterobacter Cloacae AKS7." Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology 15, no. 3 (July 2, 2021): 1266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22207/jpam.15.3.16.
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In the context of sustainable bioremediation of Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), in this study, several strategies were explored to enhance the LDPE degradation by the bacterium Enterobacter cloacae AKS7. Initially, Mineral oil and Tween 80 were used to test whether they could modulate microbial colonization and polymer degradation by AKS7. Results indicated Mineral oil could increase microbial colonization and LDPE degradation whereas Tween 80 compromised the same. Since LDPE holds hydrophobic characteristics, the organism showing higher cell-surface hydrophobicity could adhere efficiently to the polymer. Thus, the organism AKS7 was grown in media with different concentrations of glucose and ammonium sulphate to exhibit differences in cell-surface hydrophobicity. We noticed that with increasing cell-surface hydrophobicity, the microbial colonization and LDPE degradation got enhanced considerably. The observations indicated that cell-surface hydrophobicity promoted microbial colonization to LDPE that increased the degree of biodegradation. Besides, LDPE films were photo-oxidized before microbial exposure which showed that AKS7 could degrade ultra-violet (UV) treated LDPE more proficiently compared to the UV-untreated polymer. Moreover, AKS7 could colonize more effectively to the UV-treated LDPE in contrast to the untreated LDPE. Furthermore, it was observed that UV exposure increased the carbonyl bond index of the polymer which got utilized by the organism efficiently thereby increasing the polymer degradation. Hence, the observations indicated that effective microbial colonization to UV-treated LDPE films exhibited a promising metabolic activity that could show an enhanced degradation of LDPE. Therefore, AKS7 warrants to be considered as a promising organism for enhanced degradation of LDPE.
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Pham, Nga Thi-Hong. "Characterization of Low-Density Polyethylene and LDPE-Based/Ethylene-Vinyl Acetate with Medium Content of Vinyl Acetate." Polymers 13, no. 14 (July 18, 2021): 2352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142352.
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Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), which are non-polar and polar polymers, are immiscible and form a polyphase system. In this study, LDPE was mixed with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5% Ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA-28) with a medium content of vinyl acetate (28% VA), respectively by injection molding machine and LDPE. Tensile strength and flexural strength were tested according to ASTM D638-02 standard and ISO 178 standard. The results showed that adding EVA-28 increased the elongation at break of the LDPE/2.5% EVA, LDPE/5% EVA and LDPE/10% EVA blend samples. In addition, the tensile and flexural strength of the LDPE/EVA blend decreases gradually as the EVA-28 content in the blend increases. The hardness decreases with the increasing EVA-28 content. EVA-28 spherical particles appeared scattered on the surface of the LDPE matrix, in the highest EVA-28 percent sample (12.5% EVA-28), the number of particles appeared to be quite a lot, and was dispersed quite evenly on the surface. The LDPE/EVA-28 blend achieved a higher elongation at the break than LDPE, in which 10% EVA-28 gives the highest elongation at break.
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Yang, Jiaming, Congji Liu, Changji Zheng, Hong Zhao, Xuan Wang, and Mingze Gao. "Effects of Interfacial Charge on the DC Dielectric Properties of Nanocomposites." Journal of Nanomaterials 2016 (2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2935202.
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The interfacial charge phenomenon of MgO/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and SiO2/LDPE nanocomposites was measured by synchrotron radiation small-angle X-ray scattering. Based on the Porod theory, the Porod curve of SiO2/LDPE nanocomposite shows negative divergence but the LDPE and MgO/LDPE do not, which reveals that interfacial charge may exist in the SiO2/LDPE nanocomposite. The DC dielectric properties of the nanocomposites are closely related to the interfacial charge. Experimental results show that the SiO2/LDPE nanocomposite has lower DC conductivity, less space charge, and higher DC breakdown strength than the MgO/LDPE nanocomposite. It is thought that the interfacial charge has a positive effect on the DC dielectric performance of nanocomposites, and the mechanism could be attributed to the scattering effects of the interfacial charge on the carrier migration. There is no obvious interfacial charge in the MgO/LDPE nanocomposite, but it still has excellent DC dielectric properties compared with LDPE, which indicates that the interfacial charge is not the only factor affecting the dielectric properties; the dipole interface layer and the reduction of free volume can also inhibit the migration of carriers and decrease electrons free path, improving the dielectric performance.
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Tay, Joo Yee, Steven Lim, Shee Keat Mah, and Yoke Meng Tan. "Development of Microporous Breathable Polyethylene Film Using Different Types of Linear Low-Density Polyethylene with Calcium Carbonate as Filler." Solid State Phenomena 349 (September 6, 2023): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-vga64b.
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In order to improve the conformity of the glove wearers, the microporous breathable polyethylene gloves are developed using Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Ziegler-Natta Linear-Low Density Polyethylene (ZNLLDPE), Metallocene Linear-Low Density Polyethylene (MLLDPE) and calcium carbonate filler (CC). In this study, LDPE/ZNLLDPE/CC and LDPE/MLLDPE/CC microporous films were prepared to investigate the influence of ZNLLDPE and MLLDPE on the film breathability and elongation. The microporous films were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis, X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis and Particulate Filtration Efficiency (PFE) analysis, Water Vapor Transmission Rate (WVTR) testing and mechanical properties testing. Based on the result, LDPE-MLLDPE film yielded film breathability of 335.73 g/m2 ∙ day which is 95.3% higher than LDPE-ZNLLDPE film due to the higher LDPE-MLLDPE film crystallinity and prominent dewetting behaviour between CC and LDPE/MLLDPE matrix. Moreover, the high degree of tie molecules in MLLDPE enabled the film to stretch further upon film elongation. Therefore, LDPE-MLLDPE film showed up to 207.2% comparatively better film elongation than LDPE-ZNLLDPE film. The improved film breathability and film elongation render the mixture of LDPE/MLLDPE/CC as a better material for breathable polyethylene glove production.
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Yu, Guang, and Yujia Cheng. "Effects of Inorganic ZnO Particle Doping on Crystalline Polymer Morphology and Space Charge Behavior." Coatings 10, no. 10 (September 29, 2020): 932. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100932.
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This study further investigated the synergistic effect of micro- and nanofiller doping on matrix material space charges and breakdown characteristics. Accordingly, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was used as the matrix material, and spherical ZnO particles with sizes of 30 nm and 1 µm were used as additives. Micro-ZnO/LDPE, nano-ZnO/LDPE, and micro-nano-ZnO/LDPE composites were prepared through melt blending. The crystalline morphologies of the composites were observed via polarized light microscopy. The composite crystallinity and melting peak temperature were measured via differential scanning calorimetry, and the micro- and nanoparticle dispersions in the matrix were observed via scanning electron microscopy. The test results showed that the particles were uniformly dispersed in the polyethylene matrix. The filler acted as a heterogeneous nucleation agent in the matrix. The crystal size decreased, thereby increasing the crystal quantity. The doping of inorganic ZnO particles improved the composite crystallinity. The ZnO/LDPE composites were subjected to DC breakdown, space charge, and dielectric spectrum tests. When the crystal arrangement of the sample was loose and its size was large, the breakdown process developed along a shorter path, and the field strength of the composite breakdown decreased. The order of AC and DC breakdown field strengths of the samples was as follows: micro-ZnO/LDPE < pure LDPE < micro-nano-ZnO/LDPE < nano-ZnO/LDPE. The DC and AC breakdown field strengths of the micro- and nano-ZnO/LDPE were 4.7% and 3.2% higher than those of the pure LDPE, respectively. Moreover, the DC and AC breakdown field strengths of the nano-ZnO/LDPE were 11.02% and 15.8% higher than those of the pure LDPE, respectively. The doping of inorganic ZnO particles restrained the space charge accumulation, and the residual charges decreased after short-circuit treatment. The dielectric constant of all nanocomposites was lower than that of LDPE, and the dielectric loss of all composites was higher than that of LDPE.
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Trong, Vu Minh, and Bui Dinh Hoan. "Infrared Spectrum and Thermal Properties of LDPE, EVA and Fly Ash Composites." Key Engineering Materials 869 (October 2020): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.869.69.
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The polymer composites based on low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and fly ash (FA) without and with vinyltrimetoxysilan (VTMS) modification were prepared by melt mixing in a Haake Rheomixer. The FT-IR spectra indicated the bonds between LDPE/EVA and FA modified by vinyltrimetoxysilan were dipole - dipole interaction and hydrogen bonding. Thermal oxidation stability of the LDPE/EVA/VFA composites are higher than those of the LDPE/EVA/FA composites. Thermal oxidation stability of the LDPE/EVA/VFA composites and the LDPE/EVA/FA composites were higher than the LDPE/EVA blends. Putting fly ash into polymers, thermal oxidation stability of composites increased and significantly increased when using modified fly ash (MFA).
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Song, Wei, Yu Sun, Tian-Jiao Yu, Yu-Zhang Fan, Zhi Sun, and Bai Han. "Investigation of Electrical Properties of BiFeO3/LDPE Nanocomposite Dielectrics with Magnetization Treatments." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 6, 2021): 2622. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162622.
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The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of nano-bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3) on the electrical properties of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) under magnetic-field treatment at different temperatures. BiFeO3/LDPE nanocomposites with 2% mass fraction were prepared by the melt-blending method, and their electrical properties were studied. The results showed that compared with LDPE alone, nanocomposites increased the crystal concentration of LDPE and the spherulites of LDPE. Filamentous flake aggregates could be observed. The spherulite change was more obvious under high-temperature magnetization. An agglomerate phenomenon appeared in the composite, and the particle distribution was clear. Under high-temperature magnetization, BiFeO3 particles were increased and showed a certain order, but the change for room-temperature magnetization was not obvious. The addition of BiFeO3 increased the crystallinity of LDPE. Although the crystallinity decreased after magnetization, it was higher than that of LDPE. An AC test showed that the breakdown strength of the composite was higher than that of LDPE. The breakdown strength increased after magnetization. The increase of breakdown strength at high temperature was less, but the breakdown field strength of the composite was higher than that of LDPE. Compared with LDPE, the conductive current of the composite was lower. So, adding BiFeO3 could improve the dielectric properties of LDPE. The current of the composite decayed faster with time. The current decayed slowly after magnetization.
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Tee, Tiam Ting, Soo Tueen Bee, Tin Sin Lee, Chantara Thevy Ratnam, Haraveen Kaur Jogindar Singh, and Chong Yu Low. "Effect of Aging in Acidic Condition on Mechanical Properties of Copper (II) Oxide Added LDPE Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 8–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.8.
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In this work, the effect of aging duration time and copper (II) oxide loading level on the physico-mechanical properties of copper (II) oxide added LDPE composites have been investigated. The addition of copper (II) oxide particles in LDPE matrix has significantly decreased the tensile strength of LDPE composites. The occurrence of copper (II) oxide particles in LDPE matrix could reduce the matrix continuities of copper (II) oxide added LDPE composites by the agglomeration of copper (II) oxide particles. This could further cause the applied straining stress unable to be effectively transferred throughout the whole polymer matrix. The increasing of aging time duration up to 8 days has slightly reduced the tensile strength of all copper (II) oxide added LDPE composites. The increasing of copper (II) oxide loading level has significantly decreased the elongation at break of LDPE composites. This is due to poor interfacial adhesion between copper (II) oxide particles and LDPE matrix could further restrict the mobility of LDPE chains under straining stress and thus decrease the elongation at break.
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AbdulKadir, H. K., and Abdulkader M. Alakrach. "Effects of Hydrolytic and Oxidizing Agents on the Properties of Low Density Polyethylene/Halloysite Nanocomposites for Biomedical Applications." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY TECHNOLOGY 12, no. 03 (June 30, 2022): 990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.3.12.
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Low density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposites reinforced with natural halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were synthesized and evaluated as a prospective material for biomedical applications via in vitro biostability studies in this work. A twin-screw extruder machine was used to fabricate the examined LDPE and LDPE/HNTs nanocomposites (NCs), followed by in vitro treatment of the prepared NCs via immersion in oxidizing and hydrolytic chemicals for four weeks at 37°C. The materials’ in vitro mechanical characteristics were evaluated under these harsh conditions. The analysis showed that the LDPE with 3 wt% HNTs exhibited the best nanofiller dispersion characteristics. This NC also presented smoother surface degradation characteristics compared to the plain LDPE and other LDPE NCs. Furthermore, as compared to plain LDPE, the LDPE NCs showed enhanced mechanical capabilities, and these qualities were less impacted by the in vitro conditions. The introduction of 3 wt% HNTs into the LDPE gave the best in vitro mechanical characteristics. Furthermore, the existence of a better-scattered nanotube structure was thought to offer a more sinuous pathway for the propagation of H2O and the oxidants, thereby reducing their penetration across the matrix chains. Hence, the kinetics of disintegration inside the LDPE molecular chains were slower, resulting in improved biostability.
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Canales, Daniel, Lissette Montoille, Lina M. Rivas, J. Andrés Ortiz, Mauricio Yañez-S, Franco M. Rabagliati, Maria Teresa Ulloa, Eduardo Alvarez, and Paula A. Zapata. "Fungicides Films of Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)/Inclusion Complexes (Carvacrol and Cinnamaldehyde) Against Botrytis Cinerea." Coatings 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2019): 795. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9120795.
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Low density polyethylene (LDPE) films were prepared with the incorporation of natural agents (carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde) by the melting process. The co-precipitation method was used successfully to complex the carvacrol or trans-cinnamaldehyde with β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The active compounds encapsulated in β-CD achieved ca. 90% encapsulation efficiency (E.E.). The inclusion complex studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) found particles of different sizes, ca. 4 μm. The active compounds were added directly (1 and 5 wt %) into the polymer matrix, yielding LDPE + carvacrol and LDPE + cinnamaldehyde films. The active compounds encapsulated in β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were added to LDPE, yielding LDPE + β-CD-carvacrol and LDPE + β-CD-cinnamaldehyde films. The incorporation of carvacrol and trans-cinnamaldehyde, and their corresponding inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin, did not affect the thermal properties of LDPE. The microcapsules distributed in all polymer matrices had sizes of 5–20 μm as shown by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In terms of mechanical properties, the polymers showed a slight decrease of Young’s modulus (12%) and yield stress compared (14%) to neat LDPE. This could be due to the essential oil acting as a plasticizer in the polymer matrix. The LDPE + carvacrol and LDPE + cinnamaldehyde films had the capacity to inhibit fungi by 99% compared to neat LDPE. The effectiveness against fungi of LDPE+β-CD + active agent was slower than by the direct incorporation of the essential oil in the LDPE in the same amount of active agent. The biocidal properties were related to the gradual release of active compound from the polymer. The results confirm the applicability of carvacrol, trans-cinnamaldehyde, and their corresponding inclusion complexes in active packaging, as well as their use in the food delivery industry.
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CN Mefo, BA Ezeonuegbu, JB Ameh, SA Ado, and US Ishiaku. "Biodegradation of cassava starch modified low density polyethylene by Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from waste dumpsite." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 2 (May 30, 2022): 149–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.19.2.0170.
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Low density polyethylene (LDPE) is used for packaging and other industrial application is a significant source of environmental pollution. The present study was aimed at testing the ability of bacterial strains identified as Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to degrade LDPE. These strains were isolated from soil samples collected from dump site. All bacterial isolates were screened for their ability to degrade synthetic LDPE. Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced weight loss percentages of 0.18% and 0.17% respectively and were used for further studies. The biodegradation was further enhanced by blending pellets of the LDPE (90, 80 and 70 %) with cassava starch (10, 20 and 30%). The screened bacteria isolates were incubated along with the cassava starch modified LDPE for a period of 60 days. Degradation was observed in terms of weight loss and tensile strength of the modified LDPE. Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa achieved a maximum weight loss reduction of 42.01 % and 51.03 % respectively in LDPE modified with 30 % cassava starch. However, the highest weight loss reduction of 54.03 % in 30 % Cassava starch modified LDPE by the bacterial consortium. Tensile strength of 42.01% was achieved in LDPE containing 30% starch. Therefore these results show that the bacteria used in this study can colonize, utilize and modify LDPE as a sole carbon source, signifying the potential of Bacillus and Pseudomonas spp. to degrade LDPE film. This work would also pave way for future studies on biodegradation to resolve the universal pollution issues.
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Tee, Tiam Ting, Soo Tueen Bee, Azman Hassan, Chantara Thevy Ratnam, Tin Sin Lee, and Chong Yu Low. "Full Factorial Design Analysis on Mechanical Properties of Electron Beam Irradiated-Flame Retarded LDPE/EVA Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 786 (August 2015): 58–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.786.58.
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This study aims to investigate the effect of three factors, namely alumina trihydrate (ATH), montmorillonite (MMT) and irradiation dosage on the mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of flame-retarded LDPE-EVA composites. In this study, full factorial design analysis was used to examine the effects of factors and their combination interactions on mechanical properties. ATH is the most significant factor in affecting the tensile strength of LDPE-EVA blends due to the poor compatibility effect between ATH particles and LDPE-EVA matrix. However, MMT is the least significant factor on tensile strength of LDPE-EVA composites. ATH was the most significant in affecting the elongation at break of LDPE-EVA blends. This is because the increasing of ATH amount in LDPE-EVA matrix could restrict the mobolity of polymer chains in LDPE-EVA matrix. However, the factor of irradiation dosage was found to be insignificant in affecting the elongation at break of LDPE-EVA blends.
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Wang, Ni Na, Ding Han Xiang, Pin Shu Mo, and Yi Lu. "Flame Retardant Low Density Polyethylene with Aluminium Hydroxide/ Commercial Fire Retardants FR01 Synergistic System." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 485–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.485.
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Low density polyethylene (LDPE) was modified by the addition of commercial fire retardants FR01 and aluminium hydroxide (ATH). ATH/FR01/LDPE composites were prepared by melt blending and extrusion in a twin-screw extruder. ATH was first modified by a silane coupling agent KH550 then added to LDPE. The flame retardancy, electrical property and thermal behavior of the LDPE composites were investigated by limiting oxygen index (LOI), volume resistivity and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The results indicated that the surface modification of ATH (M-ATH) could greatly improve the dispersibility and compatibility with LDPE matrix. The mechanical property tests showed good mechanical properties of composite, compared with unmodified one, tensile strength and elongation of M-ATH/LDPE were all improved, and the addition of FR01 improved the flame retardancy of ATH/LDPE remarkably. TGA results demonstrate that char yield of M-ATH/FR01/LDPE (30/15/70) reaches 27 wt% at 600 °C in Ar atmosphere.
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Li, Changming, Sixu Duan, Chengcheng Zhang, Jian Zhang, and Baozhong Han. "Research on DC dielectric properties of polyaniline nanofibers/LDPE composites." High Performance Polymers 30, no. 1 (December 22, 2016): 76–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954008316680278.
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In this article, polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers were prepared and added to low-density polyethylene (LDPE) to produce PANI nanofibers/LDPE composites. LDPE and the composites were tested for direct current (DC) conductivity, breakdown strength, and space charge characteristics. The results suggested that DC breakdown strength of PANI nanofibers/LDPE composites significantly declined once PANI was added, and the decline was more evident with the increase of PANI nanofibers. Meanwhile, the addition of PANI nanofibers contributed to a decrease in the conductivity of LDPE. As the content of PANI nanofibers increased, the conductivity of the composites declined first and then raised. DC conductivity properties of LDPE could be improved by adding an appropriate amount of PANI nanofibers. Compared with LDPE, the space charge distribution was changed in LDPE due to the addition of PANI nanofibers. With the increase of content of PANI nanofibers, the amount of space charges close to the electrodes decreased gradually.
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Yan, Zhiyu, Hong Zhao, Baozhong Han, Jiaming Yang, and Junqi Chen. "The suppression of space charge accumulation in CB/LDPE nanocomposites and its association with molecule relaxation." e-Polymers 18, no. 1 (January 26, 2018): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/epoly-2017-0111.
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AbstractSpace charge accumulation within insulating material poses a threat to the reliability in the operation of DC power cables. To investigate the influence of carbon black (CB) on the space charge accumulation of low density polyethylene (LDPE), both conductive carbon black (C-CB) and insulating carbon black (I-CB) were employed as filler particles. The space charge distributions of LDPE and CB/LDPE nanocomposites were obtained by the pulsed electro-acoustic (PEA) method. Additionally, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermally stimulated current (TSC) spectroscopy were applied to explore the mechanism of improving space charge performance. Both the C-CB/LDPE and I-CB/LDPE nanocomposites can effectively suppress space charge accumulation. It was concluded that the improvement in space charge characteristics of CB/LDPE nanocomposites was attributable to the interaction between the CB particles and the LDPE, which reduces the number of defects formed from molecules participating in α relaxation and decreases the density of traps within the LDPE.
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Tan, Soo Jin, and A. G. Supri. "Mechanical Properties, Swelling Behavior and Morphology Properties of Dynamic Vulcanized Low Density Polyethylene/Natural Rubber/Water Hyacinth Fibers Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 679 (October 2014): 184–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.679.184.
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The effect of dynamic vulcanization and fiber loading on properties of low density polyethylene (LDPE)/natural rubber (NR)/water hyacinth fibers (WHF) were investigated. In this study, the vulcanized thermoplastics were obtained by in situ dynamic curing of LDPE/NR/WHF composites. The LDPE/NR/WHF composites with different fiber loading were prepared by using Brabender mixer at 180 °C with the rotor speed of 50 rpm. The results showed that dynamic vulcanized LDPE/NR/WHF composites gave a higher tensile strength, Young’s modulus, elongation at break but lower molar sorption than unvulcanized LDPE/NR/WHF composites. The SEM micrographs also displayed better fibers dispersion and the crosslink formation in dynamic vulcanized LDPE/NR/WHF composites indicated better interfacial bonding among fibers and matrix compared to unvulcanized LDPE/NR/WHF composites.
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Zakaria, Mohammad, Kanta Shibahara, and Koji Nakane. "Melt-Electrospun Polyethylene Nanofiber Obtained from Polyethylene/Polyvinyl Butyral Blend Film." Polymers 12, no. 2 (February 16, 2020): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12020457.
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We prepared low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanofiber, a few hundred nanometers in diameter, using polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and a laser melt-electrospinning (M-ESP) device. We blended PVB with LDPE via an internal melt mixer, removed the PVB after M-ESP by ethanol treatment, and studied the influence of PVB on fiber diameter. A substantial diameter reduction with improved crystallinity of LDPE fiber was observed with increased PVB content in the blend. PVB inclusion also increased the polarity of the LDPE/PVB blend, resulting in better spinnability. The removal of PVB from LDPE/PVB blend fiber caused a massive drop in the LDPE fiber diameter, due to fiber splitting, particularly in PVB-rich samples. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy of fibers confirmed that the prepared nanofiber was the same as pure LDPE fiber.
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Tan, Soo Jin, A. G. Supri, K. L. Foo, A. M. M. Al Bakri, Y. M. Liew, and C. Y. Heah. "Effect of Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) (PMMA) on Tensile Properties and Spectroscopy Infrared (FTIR) Characteristics of LDPE/WHF Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 815 (November 2015): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.815.101.
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In this work, the effect of PMMA in low density polyethylene/water hyacinth fibers composites were prepared and characterized in terms of tensile properties and FTIR characteristics. Water hyacinth fibers (WHF) were incorporated into the LDPE matrix with different fiber loading. LDPE/WHF and LDPE/WHFPMMAcomposites were prepared with Z-blade mixer at 180 °C with rotor speed of 50 rpm. The PMMA modified WHF increased the tensile strength and Young’s modulus while reduced the elongation at break of LDPE/WHFPMMAcomposites in comparison with LDPE/WHF composites. The absorption peak at 1736.28 cm-1indicated the presence of ester carbonyl group (C=O) in LDPE/WHFPMMAcomposites.
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Sutanto, Nelvi, and Srimala Sreekantan. "Photodegradation Improvement of Low-Density Polyethylene Thin Film with gC3N4/5ZnO/TiO2 Photocatalysts." Solid State Phenomena 264 (September 2017): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.264.236.
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LDPE waste disposal is a critical issue nowadays and huge pile of this polymer represents a threat to the environment. Herein, gC3N4/5ZnO/TiO2 photocatalysts (1 wt %) incorporated in LDPE film were investigated and compared with neat LDPE film. Tabletop scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph showed the surface morphologies of neat and LDPE composite films before and after accelerated weathering. Experimental results on LDPE composite films after exposure to UV irradiation showed improvement in degradation rate (~0.274%/hour) in comparison to other study (0.225%/hour). Results of weight lost on LDPE composites after accelerated weathering test (~42.31%) also showed that the degradability increased with the decrease of thickness.
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Bee, Soo-Tueen, Lee Tin Sin, CT Ratnam, Gin-Khuan Chua, and AR Rahmat. "A study of roles of different valence of copper oxide interaction with electron beam irradiation in polyethylene composite." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 30, no. 7 (November 2, 2015): 915–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705715614066.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the interaction of electron beam irradiation on the different valence of copper (I) and copper (II) oxides (Cu2O and CuO) added low-density polyethylene (LDPE) composites. The results showed the increasing of Cu2O loading level in replacing the CuO has significantly reduced the gel content (or degree of cross-linking networks) in LDPE matrix. This is due to the poorer effect of Cu2O in inducing the polymeric free radicals. Meanwhile, the application of low irradiation dosage (≤100 kGy) has significantly increased the crystallite size for crystallite peak (110) of all LDPE composites. However, further increment in irradiation dosages from 100 to 300 kGy has gradually reduced the crystallite size of deflection peak (110). The tensile strength of all LDPE composites was gradually decreased with increasing of Cu2O loading level due to agglomeration of Cu2O and CuO particles in LDPE matrix. In addition, the increasing of irradiation dosages on all Cu2O /CuO added LDPE composites has gradually increased the tensile strength by inducing the formation of the cross-linking networks in LDPE matrix. Nevertheless, the increasing of irradiation dosage has gradually decreased the elongation at break of all Cu2O /CuO added LDPE composites. This is due to the higher degree of cross-linking networks in LDPE matrix could restrict the mobility of LDPE macromolecular chains when subjected to straining stress.
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Luo, Wei Hua, Zheng Liang Wang, and Xing Xing Liu. "Mechanical and Rheological Properties of Compatibilized LDPE/Wood Flour Composites." Advanced Materials Research 549 (July 2012): 729–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.729.
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LDPE-g-MAH copolymer is prepared through reactive extrusion, and then added to LDPE/wood flour (WF) composites. Effects of LDPE-g-MAH and WF content on mechanical and rheological properties of LDPE/WF composites were investigated by melt flow rate (MFR), mechanical testing and advanced rheometric expansion system (ARES). Results show that the tensile strength of the composites increase with the increase of WF content, but the MFR value and elongation at break decrease tremendously. The tensile strength, impact strength, complex modulus and viscosity of the composites all show an increase with the application of LDPE-g-MAH on account of the enhanced interfacial adhesion. The abrupt ascent in the complex modulus of the LDPE/WF (70/30) composite when the shear rate reaches a definite value may denote changes in the aggregation structure of WF in LDPE matrix.
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Corcimaru, Serghei, Lilia Mereniuc, and Feodora Sitnic. "Soil as a source of polyethylene degrading microorganisms." Bulletin of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova Life Sciences, no. 2(346) (November 2022): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52388/1857-064x.2022.2.09.
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The presence of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) degrading microorganisms was found in the soils of the Republic of Moldova. Under standard soil conditions the LDPE biodegradation was relatively slow, implying the possibility of long-term negative environmental impacts from soil pollution by LDPE. It was observed that the biodegradation rates could be substantially improved by adding glucose into the soil (0,5%). LDPE biodegradation rates depended on the soil type and on the presence or absence of increased environmental stress for the soil microbial biomass. The highest biodegradation rate was observed in the case of a virgin forest soil sampled from the Orhei region: on day 41 after adding glucose into the soil with introduced LDPE the soil microbial biomass was 6.1% higher than in the control without LDPE, while the extent of LDPE degradation reached 2.3%.
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Asuku, Suleiman Shuaibu, Yusuf Abubakar, Aliyu Abdulraheem, Abdulsalam Ismaila Galadima, and Abdel Malik Abdel Gaffar Amoka. "Influence of Blending on Mechanical Behavior of Low-Density Polyethylene, Polypropylene, Polyvinylchloride." UMYU Scientifica 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 037–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56919/usci.2223.006.
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Three thermoplastic polymers, low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene(PP), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC),were synthesized from their raw pellets.Three blends of 1:1 wt.% of low-density polyethylene/polypropylene, low-density polyethylene/polyvinylchloride, polypropylene/polyvinylchloride, and one blend of 1:1:1 wt.% of low-density polyethylene/polypropylene/polyvinylchloride were produced via compression mould method using Two-roll Mill machine and Compression Mould machine. Using the Tensile Strength Tester machine, the pristine polymer and the blends were cut into dumbbell shapes for mechanical testing. The resultsobtained are 9.8MPa and 67.5% maximum stress and strain, respectively, for LDPE, 29MPa, and 12.4% maximum stress and strain, respectively, for neat PP. 25.8MPa and 35% maximum stress and strain respectively for pristine PVC, 19.2MPa and 44% maximum stress and strain respectively for LDPE/PVC blend, 19MPa and 29% maximum stress and strain respectively for LDPE/PP blend, 27.5MPa and10.75% maximum stress and strain respectively for PP/PVC, 21MPa and 10.4% maximum stress and stain respectively for LDPE/PP/PVC blend. The force at peak and the respective peak elongation are; 85.612N and 0.008387m for pristineLDPE, 344.810N and 0.004810m for pristinePP, 264.976N and 0.005496m forpristine PVC, 188.288N and 0.005980m for LDPE/PVC blend, 174.755N and 0.005109m for LDPE/PP blend, 250.196N and0.004287m for PP/PVC blend, 275.175N and 4.009mm for LDPE/PP/PVC blend. The maximum energies expended to have maximum extension are 0.71802784J (LDPE), 2.04578339J (PP), 1.70308635J (PVC), 1.12596224J (LDPE/PVC),0.8928233J (LDPE/PP), 1.50129025J (PP/PVC) and 1.10317658J (LDPE/PP/PVC). These results show improvement in the mechanical properties of the blends when compared with those of the constituent polymers. It also indicatesthat polymeric properties modification via an immiscible polymer blend is possible and easy to achieve.
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Cheng, Yujia, and Guang Yu. "The Research of Interface Microdomain and Corona-Resistance Characteristics of Micro-Nano-ZnO/LDPE." Polymers 12, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12030563.
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In this article, the melting blend was used to prepare the Micro-ZnO/LDPE, Nano-ZnO/LDPE and Micro-Nano-ZnO/LDPE with different inorganic particles contents. The effect of Micro-ZnO and Nano-ZnO particles doping on interface microdomain and corona-resistance breakdown characteristics of LDPE composite could be explored. Based on the energy transfer and heat exchange theory of energetic electrons, the inner electrons energy transfer model of different ZnO/LDPE composites was built. Besides, the microstructure and crystalline morphology of inorganic ZnO-particles and polymer composites were detected by SEM, XRD, FTIR, PLM and DSC test, and the AC breakdown and corona-resistance breakdown characteristics of composites could be explored. From the experimental results, the Nano-ZnO particles after surface modification dispersed uniformly in LDPE matrix, and the nanoparticles agglomeration almost disappeared. The inorganic particles doping acted as the heterogeneous nucleation agent, which improved the crystallization rate and crystallinity of polymer composites effectively. The ZnO particles with different size doping constituted the different interface structure and crystalline morphology, which made different influence on composites macroscopic properties. When the Nano-ZnO particle size was 40nm and the mass fraction was 3%, the breakdown field strength of Nano-ZnO/LPDE was the highest and 15.8% higher than which of pure LDPE. At the same time, the shape parameter β of Micro-Nano-composite was the largest. It illustrated the microparticles doping reduced the probability of nanoparticles agglomeration in matrix. Besides, both Micro-ZnO and Micro-Nano-ZnO particles doping could improve the ability of corona corrosion resistance of LDPE in varying degrees. The corona-resistant breakdown time order of four samples was as follows: LDPE < Micro-ZnO/LDPE < Nano-ZnO/LDPE < Micro-Nano-ZnO/LDPE. When the mass fraction of Micro-ZnO and Nano-ZnO particles was 2% and 3% respectively, the corrosion depth and area of Micro-Nano-ZnO/LDPE was the least, and the ability of corona corrosion resistance was the strongest.
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Teoh, Pei Ying, Abdulbaset Mohamed Erfeida, Xuan Viet Cao, and Du Ngoc Uy Lan. "Effects of Filler Incorporation Routes on Mechanical Properties of Low Density Polyethylene/Natural Rubber/Silica (LDPE/NR/Si) Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 679 (October 2014): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.679.154.
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Low density polyethylene (LDPE) and natural rubber (NR) filled silica composites were prepared by using internal mixer (Brabender) at 150°C and 50 rpm for 10 minutes. Silica was incorporated into polymer matrix by three mixing routes by using Brabender. In mixing I, filler was added into LDPE/NR blend. In mixing II, filler was added prior to LDPE, which was further compounded with NR. In mixing III, filled was pre-dispersed into NR using two-roll mill, after that the compound is blended with LDPE. The effects of filler incorporation routes on the morphological and tensile properties of prepared composites were studied. Observation from SEM result showed that silica tended to localize in NR phase than LDPE phase in the composite. In addition, silica filled LDPE/NR composite exhibited the highest tensile strength in mixing II and lowest in mixing III. Tensile fracture surface of the composites showed typical morphology of LDPE and NR phase depending on mixing methods. KEYWORDS: LDPE/NR, silica, mixing order, tensile properties, morphology
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GEÇKİL, Tacettin, and Ceren Beyza İNCE. "EFFECT OF WASTE LDPE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF BITUMINOUS PAVEMENTS AGAINST WATER IMPACTS." Mühendislik Bilimleri ve Tasarım Dergisi 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 631–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21923/jesd.928690.
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Bu çalışmada, bitümlü kaplamaların su etkilerine karşı performansı üzerinde atık düşük yoğunluklu polietilen (LDPE)’nin etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bunun için, bitüm ile LDPE arasında bir etkileşim sağlamak amacıyla saf B 70/100 bağlayıcısına bağlayıcı ağırlığının % 2,5 kadar trietanolamin (TEOA) eklenmiştir. Elde edilen, bitüm-TEOA harmanına bitüm ağırlığının % 1, 2, 3, 4 ve 5 oranlarında LDPE eklenerek modifiye bitümler elde edilmiştir. Saf ve modifiye bitüm numunelerinin fiziksel özellikleri geleneksel testlerle, bitüm-TEOA-LDPE arasındaki etkileşim ise kimyasal analizlerle belirlenmiştir. Daha sonra, Marshall karışım yöntemi esas alınarak saf bağlayıcı ve agrega ile karışım numuneleri hazırlanmış ve optimum bitüm içeriği (OBİ) tespit edilmiştir. Belirlenen OBİ oranı baz alınarak LDPE modifiyeli sıcak karışım numuneleri hazırlanmış ve bütün karışım numuneleri Marshall stabilite ve akma, kalıcı Marshall stabilitesi (RMS) ve endirekt çekme mukavemeti (ITS) testlerine tabi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlarda, atık LDPE katkısı ile bağlayıcıların sertliğinin arttığı ve bitüm-TEOA-LDPE arasında iyi bir etkileşim sağlandığı görülmüştür. Diğer taraftan, özellikle %4 atık LDPE katkılı karışım numunelerinin Marshall stabilitesi, RMS ve endirekt çekme mukavemeti oranı (ITSR) değerlerinde iyileşmeler meydana geldiği ve bitümlü kaplamaların su etkilerine karşı performansının artış gösterdiği görülmüştür.
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Wiyogo, Ardi, Andi Syaiful Amal, and Alik Ansyori Alamsyah. "PENGARUH PEMAKAIAN PLASTIK LDPE SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI ASPAL TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL HRS-WC." Jurnal Gradasi Teknik Sipil 5, no. 1 (June 21, 2021): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31961/gradasi.v5i1.1052.
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Salah satu cara meningkatkan mutu campuran beraspal adalah dengan menambah bahan aditif ke dalam aspal. Bahan aditif yang dipilih adalah plastik jenis LDPE. Pemilihan plastik ini karena kemudahan mendapatkan dan sebagai salah satu solusi mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan karena plastik. Penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi salah satu upaya untuk pengelolaan plastik dan menjadi acuan dalam mengamati karakteristik aspal yang diganti sebagian dengan LDPE. Analisa dilakukan dengan cara mencari terlebih dahulu KAO dari campuran aspal pen 60/70 HRS-WC. Dari hasil KAO (kadar aspal optimum) yang didapatkan, dilakukan substitusi kadar aspal dengan plastik LDPE. Kadar LDPE yang digunakan yaitu 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% dan 8%. Hasil dari 2%, 4%, 6%, dan 8% kadar LDPE dibandingkan dengan kadar LDPE 0%. Dari hasil Analisa yang dilakukan, semakin banyaknya kadar plastik LDPE yang dipakai maka akan semakin mengurangi nilai stabilitas, MQ, dan VFA. Nilai VIM dan VMA semakin meningkat seiring semakin banyaknya kadar LDPE yang dipakai. Pada nilai stabilitas, stabilitas sisa dan MQ mengalami peningkatan pada kadar 2% tetapi mengalami penurunan kembali di kadar 4%, 6% dan 8%.
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Tang, Ying, and Xian Ping Xia. "Improvement of the Hydrophilicity of Cu/LDPE Composite and its Influence on the Release of Cupric Ions." Materials Science Forum 745-746 (February 2013): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.745-746.46.
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t is of great importance to improve the hydrophilicity of Cu/LDPE composite, a material for a new type of IUDs (Intrauterine Devices). The aim of the study is not only satisfying the biocompatibility of medical devices implanted in human bodies, but also improving the releasing rate of cupric ions. In this study, various hydrophilic materials (sodium chloride, anhydrous glucose and soluble starch) were added respectively, in order to improve the hydrophilicity of Cu/LDPE composite. The microstructure of Cu/LDPE composite was characterized, moreover, the influence of the addition of these hydrophilic materials on the surface hydrophilicity and the releasing rate of cupric ions of Cu/LDPE composite was studied. The compatibility between three hydrophilic materials and the matrix of LDPE is rather different, which can affect the dispersible uniformity of these additives in Cu/LDPE composite, and the dispersible uniformity of NaCl is the worst among these three hydrophilic materials. The addition of three hydrophilic materials was all beneficial to the improvement of the hydrophilicity of Cu/LDPE composite. Connected holes were formed in Cu/LDPE composite, which provided channels for the infiltration of solution and the diffusion of cupric ions, and improved the releasing rate of cupric ions in the Cu/LDPE composite IUDs.
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Nassr, Mohamed, Igor Krupa, Mabrouk Ouederni, Senthil Kumar Krishnamoorthy, and Anton Popelka. "An Adhesion Improvement of Low-Density Polyethylene to Aluminum through Modification with Functionalized Polymers." Polymers 15, no. 4 (February 11, 2023): 916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15040916.
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An interfacial adhesion improvement between low-density polyethylene (LDPE) and aluminum (Al) foil is an important challenge in designing multilayered packaging (TetraPak packaging type) due to insufficient inherent adhesion between both untreated materials. Therefore, extra adhesive layers are often used. The hydrophobic character of LDPE is responsible for poor adhesion to Al and can result in delamination. This study deals with the comparative study of the bulk modification of LDPE with various commercially available adhesive promoters with different chemical compositions to increase LDPE’s adhesive characteristics and ensure good adhesion in LDPE/Al laminates. A copolymer of ethylene and methacrylic acid; a terpolymer of ethylene, maleic anhydride, and acrylic ester; or maleated PE were used as adhesive promoters, and their effect on adhesion improvement of LDPE to Al was investigated. The best adhesion improvement was observed in LDPE-modified samples with maleated PE, while 0.1 wt.% additive content significantly increased peel resistance (from zero to 105 N/m). An additional increase in additive content (0.5 wt.%) in LDPE led to stronger adhesion forces than the cohesion forces in Al foil. Adding 0.5 wt.% of maleated PE into LDPE improved the LDPE/Al laminates’ adhesion and can be applied in multilayered lamination applications.
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Bajsic, Emi Govorcin, Ana Persic, Tomislav Jemric, Josip Buhin, Dajana Kucic Grgic, Emilija Zdraveva, Krunoslav Zizek, and Tamara Holjevac Grguric. "Preparation and Characterization of Polyethylene Biocomposites Reinforced by Rice Husk: Application as Potential Packaging Material." Chemistry 3, no. 4 (November 10, 2021): 1344–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/chemistry3040096.
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The development of biodegradable materials as food packaging material is important not only due to the reduction in environmental pollution but also because of an improvement in the functionality. Rice husk-reinforced biopolymers have offered a possible solution to waste-disposal problems associated with traditional petroleum-derived plastics. Rice husk-reinforced low density polyethylene (LDPE)-based biocomposites have been of great interest for their use as food packaging material. In this work, the LDPE/RH biocomposites with different rice husk (RH) content (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 wt.%) were prepared by the melt mixing process in a laboratory Brabender mixer. The effect of RH content on the physical, thermal and mechanical properties of LDPE was investigated. More importantly, this work aimed to research the biodegradation of the LDPE/RH biocomposites as well as their effect on ‘Granny Smith’ apples’ respiration. The results showed that the incorporation of RH into the LDPE decreased the thermal stability of LDPE, increased water vapour permeability and water absorption, and increased the degree of crystallinity. The incorporation of RH increased the biodegradability of LDPE as well as the postharvest quality of ‘Granny Smith’ apples. The addition of RH in LDPE film significantly decreased fruit respiration and increased firmness as compared to LDPE film. The composting results showed that after the LDPE/RH biocomposite films were biodegraded for 21 days, the biocomposite films with the highest content of rice husks were the most degraded.
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Gu, Jin, Aonan Lai, Jun Zhang, Yunxiang Bai, Chunfang Zhang, and Yuping Sun. "Effects of 4A Zeolite Additions on the Structure and Performance of LDPE Blend Microfiltration Membrane through Thermally Induced Phase Separation Method." Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology 1, no. 1 (October 5, 2012): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.6000/jmst.v1i1.328.
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Microfiltration membranes, 4A zeolite/LDPE, were prepared by blending low density polyethylene (LDPE) and 4A zeolite through thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process with diphenyl ether (DPE) as diluent. The effects of 4A zeolite loading on the pore structure and water permeation performance of the 4A zeolite/LDPE blend membranes were investigated. The incorporation of 4A zeolite particles greatly enhanced the connectivity of membrane pores, the pore size, and thus the water flux of 4A zeolite/LDPE blend membranes due to the gradually stronger DPE-zeolite affinity with the increase of the 4A zeolite loading. The water flux increased from 0 of LDPE control membrane to 87 L/m2h of 4A zeolite/LDPE blend membrane with 4A zeolite loading of 10 wt%. In addition, increasing the DPE content and cooling bath temperature is in favor of the water flux of 4A zeolite/LDPE blend membranes.
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He, Lijuan, Junji Zeng, Yuewu Huang, Xiong Yang, Dawei Li, Yu Chen, Xiangyu Yang, Dongbo Wang, Yunxiao Zhang, and Zhendong Fu. "Enhanced Thermal Conductivity and Dielectric Properties of h-BN/LDPE Composites." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 23, 2020): 4738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214738.
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Low-density polyethylene (LDPE), as an excellent dielectric insulating material, is widely used in electrical equipment insulation, whereas its low thermal conductivity limits its further development and application. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) filler was introduced into LDPE to tailor the properties of LDPE to make it more suitable for high-voltage direct current (HVDC) cable insulation application. We employed melt blending to prepare h-BN/LDPE thermally conductive composite insulation materials with different contents. We focused on investigating the micromorphology and structure, thermal properties, and electrical properties of h-BN/LDPE composites, and explained the space charge characteristics. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) results indicate that the h-BN filler has good dispersibility in the LDPE at a low loading (less than 3 phr (3 g of micron h-BN particles filled in 100g of LDPE)), as well as no heterogeneous phase formation. The results of thermal conductivity analysis show that the introduction of h-BN filler can significantly improve the thermal conductivity of composites. The thermal conductivity of the composite samples with 10 phr h-BN particles is as high as 0.51 W/(m·K), which is 57% higher than that of pure LDPE. The electrical performance illustrates that h-BN filler doping can significantly inhibit space charge injection and reduce space charge accumulation in LDPE. The interface effect between h-BN and the substrate reduces the carrier mobility, thereby suppressing the injection of charges of the same polarity and increasing the direct-current (DC) breakdown strength. h-BN/LDPE composite doped with 3 phr h-BN particles has excellent space charge suppression effect and high DC breakdown strength, which is 14.3% higher than that of pure LDPE.
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Li, Shengtao, Ni Zhao, Yongjie Nie, Xia Wang, George Chen, and Gilbert Teyssedre. "Space charge characteristics of LDPE nanocomposite/LDPE insulation system." IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation 22, no. 1 (February 2015): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdei.2014.004524.
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Qin, Chuan, Jinghua Yin, and Baotong Huang. "CRYSTALLINE BEHAVIOR OF LDPE IN THE NR/LDPE BLENOS." Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry 6, no. 2 (April 1, 1989): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/j.issn.1000-0518.1989.2.43.
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Sandri, Delvio, Maria M. Rinaldi, Taís A. Ishizawa, Ananda H. N. Cunha, Honorato C. Pacco, and Rafael B. Ferreira. "‘Sweet grape’ tomato post harvest packaging." Engenharia Agrícola 35, no. 6 (December 2015): 1093–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v35n6p1093-1104/2015.
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ABSTRACT This paper aims at evaluating the shelf life of mini tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.) cultivar ‘Sweet Grape’, grown in hydroponics, and stored under environmental and refrigerated conditions inside different packages. We adopted a completely randomized design, in which treatments were combinations of storage conditions: environment (e) and refrigerated (r) with packaging: polyvinyl chloride film (PVC); low-density polyethylene (LDPE); biofilm of tomato fruit of Solanum lycocarpum A.St.-Hil (lobeira) (TFB); cassava starch biofilm (CSB); carnauba wax (Copernicia prunifera) (CW), and without packaging - control (C). Physicochemical and sensory tests were carried out at the beginning (day zero), and at 8, 19, and 33 days of storage (DS). Fruit stored inside PVCr, LDPEe, LDPEr, and CWr had an acceptable shelf life of 33 days. The use of cassava and tomato starches were not effective in controlling fruit fresh weight loss. ‘Sweet Grape’ tomato postharvest conservation was enhanced under refrigerated conditions. The sensory evaluation results revealed that CWr treatment most pleased appraisers, while PCV had the highest rejection rate.