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1
Zerrad-Saadi, Amal. "Stress oxydant et LDL : mécanismes de l'effet protecteur des HDL." Paris 5, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA05P640.
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Le rôle antiathérogène des HDL est clairement établi. Cependant les mécanismes par lesquels les HDL exerceraient une activité antioxydante (AOX) contre une modification oxydative des LDL estent indéterminés. Notre premier objectif a été d'évaluer les relations entre les propriétés physicochimiques des sous-fractions d'HDL et leurs diverses actoivités antiathérogènes. Nous avons démontré que les HDL3, comparés aux HDL2, sont plus pauvres en sphingomyéline et plus riches en spingosine-1-phosphate. De plus, les HDL3 possèdent un rapport apolipoprotéine AI (apoAI) sur l'apolipoprotéine II, et des activités enzymatiques à propriétés anti-oxydatives, plus élevées. Nous avons également étudié les mécanismes impliqués dans l'activité AOX des HDL. Nos données suggèrent un mécanisme en deux étapes, (i) un transfert des hydropéroxydes de phospholipides (PLOOH) des LDL oxydées vers les HDL ; cette étape est influencée par la fluidité de la monocouche lipidique des HDL, et (ii) la réduction des PLOOH en PLOH principalement grâce à l'action de deux méthionines de l'apoAI. Ce travail souligne l'importance des hdl dans l'atténuation de l'athérogénécité potentielle des LDLThe capacité of HDL to protect LDL against oxidative stress is well established. However, mechanisms involved in such activity remain undetermined. Our firts aim was to assess the relationship between physicochemical properties of sub-fractions of LDL and their antiatherogenic in particular antioxidative (AOX) activities. We have demonstrated that HDL3 is depleted in spingomyelin and enriched in spingosine-1-phosphate as compared to HDL2. In addition, HDL3 displayed an elevated ratio of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI) to apoAII, and increased activities of HDL-associated enzymes with AOX properties. We have also studied mechanisms involved in the AOX activity of HDL Our data suggest a two-step mechanism involving transfer of phospholipids hydroperoxides (PLOOH) from oxidized LDL to HDL ; this step is influenced by the fluidity of the PL monolayer de HDL, and the reduction of PLOOH to redox-inactive PLOH largely through the action of two methionine residues of apoAI. This study emphasizes the importance of HDL in mitigating potential atherogenecity of LDL
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Brindisi, Marie-Claude. "Relaxation vasculaire et HDL : rôle de la glycation et de l'oxydation des HDL sur la capacité de ces HDL à contrecarrer les effets inhibiteurs des LDL oxydées sur la vasorelaxation endothélium-dépendante." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOMU05.
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Contrairement aux HDL de sujets sains, les HDL de patients diabétiques ont perdu leur capacité à contrecarrer les effets inhibiteurs des LDL oxydées sur la vasorelaxation endothélium dépendante. Les mécanismes en cause ne sont pas connus. Or la glycation et l’oxydation sont deux phénomènes majeurs au cours du diabète. Nous avons donc étudié in vitro, le rôle de la glycation (associée ou non à une oxydation spontanée), et de l’oxydation d’HDL issues de sujets sains, sur leurs capacités à contrecarrer les effets inhibiteurs des LDL oxydées sur la vasorelaxation endothélium dépendante. Chaque condition a conduit au même constat: les HDL modifiées perdent leur pouvoir vasorelaxant en présence de LDL oxydées. En revanche, en l’absence de LDL oxydées, elles n’altèrent pas la vasorelaxation induite par l’acétylcholine. Ainsi les modifications structurelles des HDL (glycation, oxydation, ou les deux) induisent une perte de leur capacité à protéger l’endothélium du stress oxydatif, plutôt qu’un effet délétère direct sur l’endothélium. Un des mécanismes majeur impliqué dans ce phénomène est probablement l’absence de fixation de ces HDL modifiées à leur récepteur SR-BI. Elles ne pourraient plus alors s’opposer au niveau des cavéoles aux effets délétères des LDL oxydées, et ne favoriseraient plus la production de NO. Mais si aussi bien la glycation que l’oxydation des HDL entraînent ces effets néfastes, il semblerait qu’en condition physiopathologique (oxydation spontanée des HDL glyquées), l’oxydation ne majore pas cette perte de capacité des HDL à contrecarrer les effets inhibiteurs des LDL oxydées sur la vasorelaxationContrary to HDL from normolipidaemic and normoglycaemic subjects, HDL from diabetic patients have lost their capacity to reverse the inhibition of vasorelaxation induced by oxidized LDL. Mechanisms involved are unknown. The glycation and oxidation of HDL are two major phenomena in diabetes mellitus. The aim of this work was to study in vitro the role of glycation (with or without spontaneous oxidation) and oxidation of HDL, on their capacity to counteract the inhibitory effect of oxidized LDL on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation. Each state showed the same result, modified HDL lost their vasorelaxing power in stress conditions (with oxidized LDL). Nevertheless, modified HDL alone (without oxidized LDL) did not alter vasorelaxation induced by acetylcholine, after noradrenaline-induced vasoconstriction. Thus, modifications of HDL induce a loss of the ability to protect vessels from oxidative stress rather than have a direct deleterious effect on the vessel. One of the major mechanisms involved in this phenomenon is probably the loss of SR-BI binding of these modified HDL, that could lead to the inability of HDL to protect caveolae from deleterious effects induced by oxidized LDL and could not preserve NO production. However, though glycation, like oxidation of HDL, leads to these deleterious effects, it would seem that during physiopathological conditions, with the spontaneous oxidation of glycated HDL, oxidation does not aggravate the loss of the capacity of diabetic HDL to counteract the inhibitory effect of oxidized LDL on endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation
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Andersson, Mari. "Har kost och statiner var för sig eller i kombination någon effekt på LDL och HDL?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-82401.
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Bakgrund: Kolesterol är en viktig byggsten i våra celler. Kolesterol stabiliserar cellmembranen och används bland annat till syntesen av östrogen, testosteron, kortisol och vitamin D samt för att bilda gallsyror. Kolesterol syntetiseras i levern men tas även upp via kosten. Kolesterol transporteras i blodet med hjälp av olika lipoproteiner som t. ex. low-density lipoprotein (LDL) och high-density lipoprotein (HDL).Höga värden av LDL och låga värden av HDL är kopplade till en ökad risk att drabbas av ateroskleros som i sin tur ökar risken att drabbas av hjärt-och kärlsjukdomar som t. ex. hjärtinfarkt. Syfte: Syftet med arbetet var att studera hur plasmakoncentrationen av LDL och HDL förändras vid olika dieter i kombination med statiner eller utan statiner samt se hur koncentrationerna förändras vid läkemdelsbehandling med statiner som monoterapi eller i kombination med ezetimib. Metod: Detta arbete är en litteraturstudie baserad på sju olika randomiserade kontrollerade studier sökta från databasen PubMed. I tre av studierna utvärderas kostens roll att sänka kolesterolet. I två studier behandlades patienter med atorvastatin som monoterapi eller med kombination av ezetimib. Två studier utvärderade om simvastatin ska tas på morgon eller kväll samt om simvastatin skall tas i kombination med LCHF-kost jämfört med simvastatin plus ezetimib i kombination med LCHF-kost. Resultat: Resultaten visar att viktreducering och kostomläggning har stor betydelse vid förhöjdanivåer av LDL samt vid låga nivåer av HDL. Resultaten visar även att statiner i kombination med ezetimib har störst effekt att sänka nivåerna av LDL och öka HDL-nivåerna. Av resultaten framgår också att kontrollerad frisättning av simvastatin har likvärdig effekt oavsett om de adminstreras morgon eller kväll. Slutsats: Denna litteraturstudie har visat att viktreducering och kost är ett bra och säkert tillvägagångssätt att få positiva effekter på HDL- och LDL-koncentrationerna. Statiner är förstahandspreparat vid blodfettsrubbningar och vid förhöjda kolesterolvärden och har en god effekt på kolesterol-nivåerna. För bästa resultat bör kost med låg andel kolhydrater kombineras med statiner och ezetimib.Background: Cholesterol is an important part in our cells. Cholesterol stabilize cell membranes and is needed for the synthesis of estrogen, testosterone, cortisol, vitamin D and in the formation of bile acid. Cholesterol is synthesized in the liver but the body also absorbs cholesterol from the diet. The transport of cholesterol in the blood is taken care of by LDL and HDL. When the levels of LDL are increased and HDL are decreased there is an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases which are the main cause of death in the western countries. Purpose: One of three different purposes of this presented study was to evaluate if the levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were changed when following different diets. The second purpose was to study the change in levels of LDL and HDL change after treatment with statins as monotherapy or in combination with ezetimibe. The third part of this study was to see how LDL and HDL were changed when different diets were combined with statins. Method: This work was a literature study based on seven different randomized controlled trials that were found in the database PubMed. Three of the studies evaluated the role of the different diets when aiming at reducing the cholesterol levels. In two of the studies patients were either treated with atorvastatin as monotherapy or with atorvastatin plus ezetimib. The last two studies evaluated the use of simvastatin in combination with LCHF-diet as compared to the use of simvastatin plus ezetimib which were used in combination with a LCHF-diet. Results: The results showed that weight reduction and the choice of a specific diet are important factors when aiming at a decrease in levels of LDL and an increase in levels of HDL. Moreover, results obtained also suggested that statins, when used in combination with ezetimibe, gave the largest effect and was found to decrease levels of LDL and increase levels of HDL. According to the results, it may be concluded that the controlled release of simvastatin has an equivalent effect on these levels regardless if administered in the morning or in the evening. Conclusion: The results obtained in this work suggest that weight reduction and eating according to a diet that consists of a low proportion of carbohydrates may be a good and safe approach to reduce the levels of LDL and increase the levels of HDL. Statins can be considered to be the first alternative to treat dyslipidemia and should be used at elevated levels of cholesterol. To achieve the best result, an analysis of the selected literature in this work, suggest that a low-carbohydrate diet should be combined with the use of statins and ezetimibe.
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Marangoni, Adriane Bueno. "Baixa suplementação de azeite de oliva reduz triaciglicerois e características lipídicas e oxidativas associadas à lipoproteína de baixa densidade em indivíduos com risco cardiovascular intermediário e alto." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-21102014-100904/.
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Introdução: A doença cardiovascular é a principal causa de morbimortalidade precoce em todo o mundo, e responde por grande parte dos gastos dos recursos destinados aos programas de políticas públicas. Neste contexto, a dieta representa uma importante ferramenta na redução dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Tendo em vista que inúmeros estudos mostram que o consumo de ômega 9 ou alimento fonte modifica positivamente diversos fatores de risco cardiovascular clássicos, se torna importante avaliar seu efeito sobre propriedades físico-químicas da LDL e da HDL, marcadores cardiometabólicos e oxidativos em indivíduos brasileiros com diferentes níveis de risco cardiovascular. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito do consumo de azeite de oliva sobre parâmetros cardiometabólicos clássicos e novos em indivíduos com diferentes níveis de risco cardiovascular. Métodos: O estudo foi do tipo clínico prospectivo, aleatorizado, placebo controlado, duplo cego baseado em intervenção nutricional. Indivíduos de ambos os sexos, distribuídos em grupos azeite de oliva (AO) e placebo (PL) receberam durante 8 semanas 3 g/d de azeite de oliva ou placebo. Todos os indivíduos foram classificados quanto ao risco cardiovascular, seguindo os critérios estabelecidos pelo Escore de Risco de Framingham (ERF). Nos momentos basal, T=4S e T=8S foram determinados o perfil clínico, antecedentes familiares de doenças, pressão arterial, consumo alimentar e nível de atividade física. A partir do plasma ou soro, obtidos após 12 h de jejum, foram determinados o perfil lipídico, as apolipoproteínas, o tamanho da HDL e da LDL, o conteúdo de LDL(-) e de NEFAS e atividade da paraoxonase. A aderência à intervenção foi monitorada por meios diretos (marcadores bioquímicos) e indiretos (registro de intercorrências). Resultados: O azeite de oliva foi efetivo em reduzir concentração de triacilglicerois dos indivíduos em alto risco cardiovascular (p=0,023 no T=4S e p=0,049 no T=8S) e a de LDL-C dos indivíduos com risco cardiovascular intermediário (p=0,045 no T=8S) no atual estudo. Observou-se também redução significativa na LDL(-), quando a amostra foi estratificada pelo ERF. Demais parâmetros permaneceram inalterados em função do tempo da intervenção e do ERF. Conclusão: Baixa suplementação (3 g/d) de azeite de oliva promoveu redução dos triacilglicerois, LDL-C e da LDL(-). Portanto, recomenda-se a incorporação de azeite de oliva na dieta brasileira ainda que em baixas doses. Sugere-se também que estudos adicionais usando doses maiores sejam realizados no sentido de identificar potenciais benefícios cardioprotetores adicionais associados ao consumo de azeite de oliva.Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of premature morbidity and mortality worldwide, and accounts for a large part of the costs of resources devoted to public policy programs. In this context, the diet is an important tool in managing and reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. Given that numerous studies show that consumption of omega 9 or food source changes positively several classical cardiovascular risk factors, it becomes important to evaluate its effect on physicochemical properties of LDL and HDL, cardiometabolic and oxidative markers in Brazilian individuals with different levels of cardiovascular risk. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of consuming olive oil on classical and new cardiometabolic properties in individuals with different levels of cardiovascular risk. Methods: It was a clinical, prospective, randomized, placebo controlled, double blind study based on nutritional intervention. Individuals of both sexes, divided into groups olive oil (AO) and placebo (PL) for 8 weeks received 3 g/d of olive oil or placebo. All subjects were classified for cardiovascular risk following the criteria established by the Framingham Risk Score (FRS). At baseline period, T = 4W and T = 8W the clinical profile, the family history of diseases, blood pressure, food consumption and physical activity level were determined. From plasma or serum obtained after 12 h of fasting lipid profile, apolipoproteins, the size of LDL and HDL, LDL (-) and NEFAS content, and activity of paraoxonase were determined. Adherence to the intervention was monitored by direct means (biochemical markers) and indirect (register of complications). Results: The olive oil was effective in reducing the concentration of triacylglycerol of individuals at high cardiovascular risk (p = 0.023 at T=4W and p=0.049 at T=8W) and LDL-C in individuals with intermediate cardiovascular risk (p=0.045 at T=8W) in the current study. It was also observed a significant reduction in LDL (-) when the sample was divided by the FRS. However, changes in other parameters were not detected when comparing the intervention group and the placebo group. Conclusion: Even at low dosage, olive oil has proved to be beneficial in reducing triglycerides, LDL-C and LDL (-).It is therefore recommended the incorporation of olive oil in the Brazilian diet even in low doses. It is suggested that future studies to use higher doses in order to check additional benefits associated with olive oil consumption.
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Santos, Andreza Oliveira dos [UNIFESP]. "Relação entre os títulos de anticorpos anti LDLox e marcadores do risco cardiovascular." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2008. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/10030.
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Previous issue date: 2008-11-26Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Objetivos: As lipoproteínas oxidadas e os anticorpos anti-LDL oxidada (anti-LDLox) têm sido detectados no plasma e em lesões ateroscleróticas em humanos. No entanto, o papel destes autoanticorpos na proteção vascular ou na patogênese das síndromes coronarianas agudas (SCA) permanece não elucidado. Nós examinamos a relação entre os títulos de IgG humana anti-LDLox com marcadores de risco para a doença cardiovascular. Métodos: Títulos de autoanticorpos anti-LDLox foram mensurados em indivíduos portadores de hipertensão arterial em estágio 1 (n=94), sem outros fatores de risco, e em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica após recente síndrome coronariana aguda (n=116). Os autoanticorpos contra a LDL oxidada pelo cobre foram avaliados por ELISA. Resultados: pacientes com hipertensão arterial apresentaram menor índice de massa corpórea e circunferência abdominal, maiores níveis de pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica quando comparados aos portadores de SCA (p<0,001). O HDL-C e a Apo A1 foram maiores, enquanto os triglicérides e a Apo B foram menores nos pacientes do grupo hipertensão em estágio 1 (p<0,0001). Os títulos de anticorpos anti-LDLox foram maiores no grupo hipertensão comparados aos do grupo SCA, e os hipertensos do primeiro grupo apresentaram níveis de PCR menores do que indivíduos com SCA (p<0,0001). A análise conjunta de ambos os grupos mostrou, em análise univariada, significante correlação inversa para a PCR (r=-0,284), IMC (r=-0,256), circumferência abdominal (r=-0,368), apo B (r=-0,191) e glicemia (r=-0,303) e correlações positivas entre pressão arterial sistólica e diastólica (r=0,319 e r=0,167, respectivamente), HDL-C e Apo A1 (r=0,224 e r=0,257, respectivamente), com os títulos de anticorpos anti-LDLox (p<0,02). Regressão linear múltipla mostrou que a PCRas, glicemia e circunferência abdominal permaneceram independente e negativamente associados com os títulos de anticorpos anti-LDLox. Conclusões: nossos resultados sugerem que os títulos baixos de anticorpos circulantes anti-LDLox possam estar associados com maior risco cardiovascular.
Objectives: Oxidized lipoproteins and antibodies anti-oxidized LDL (anti-oxLDL) have been detected in human plasma and in atherosclerotic lesions. However, the role of these autoantibodies in the maintenance of health or in the pathogenesis of acute coronary syndromes (ACS) remains unclear. We examined the relationship of human IgG antibodies anti- ox LDL with cardiovascular disease risk markers. Methods: Titers of human anti-oxLDL were measured in hypertensive subjects in stage 1 (n=94) without other risk factors, and in individuals with metabolic syndrome after recent acute coronary syndrome (n=116). Autoantibodies against copper ion oxidized LDL were measured by ELISA. Results: Hipertensive patients presented lower BMI, waist circunference, higher blood pressure levels than those with ACS (p<0.001). HDL-C and Apo A1 were higher, whereas triglycerides and Apo B were lower in those with hypertension stage 1 (p<0.0001). Anti-oxLDL titers were higher in hypertensive patients compared to those with acute coronary syndromes, and hypertensive patients presented lower hs-CRP than those with ACS (p<0.0001). Taken into account both populations, univariate analysis showed small, but significant inverse correlations between the hs-CRP (r=-0.284), BMI (r=-0.256), waist circunference (r=-0.368), apo B (r= -0.191), and blood glucose (r= - 0.303) and positive correlations between systolic and diastolic blood pressure (r=0.319 and r=0.167, respectively), HDL-C and Apo A1 (r=0.224 and r=0.257, respectively), with anti-ox LDL titers (p<0.02). After multiple linear regression, hs-CRP, fasting glycemia and waist circunference remained independently associated with anti-oxLDL. Conclusions: Our results suggest that low titers of circulating anti-oxLDL antibodies may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk.
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Spessatto, Débora. "Associação dos níveis de HbA1c com colesterol LDL e colesterol LDL oxidado em indivíduos não-diabéticos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/39649.
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Introdução: O Diabetes mellitus (DM) está associado a complicações crônicas micro e macrovasculares. A medida da hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) avalia o grau do controle glicêmico em pacientes diabéticos e seus níveis são capazes de prognosticar o risco de desenvolvimento dessas complicações. Entre as origens das complicações causadas pela hiperglicemia, há a hipótese dos produtos finais de glicação avançada (AGEs) e do estresse oxidativo. A reação de glicação não enzimática das proteínas também está relacionada com as complicações diabéticas e é responsável pela formação da HbA1c. Entretanto, tem sido demonstrado um aumento dessa glicação em pacientes não diabéticos. Um dos prováveis mecanismos para esse aumento é a peroxidação lipídica, com conseqüente aumento nos níveis de malondialdeído (MDA) que modifica a apolipoproteína B (APO B) do colesterol de baixa densidade (LDL). A modificação oxidativa do LDL confere propriedades específicas pró-aterogênicas. A presença do LDL oxidado e o aumento da tendência do LDL à peroxidação lipídica, podem contribuir para o aumento dos níveis de HbA1c. Objetivo: Verificar a associação entre os níveis de HbA1c com o Colesterol LDL e LDL oxidado em Indivíduos não-diabéticos. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo transversal observacional, no qual um total de 196 indivíduos, classificados como não-diabéticos, foram analisados e divididos em três grupos, conforme os valores de HbA1c e glicemia de jejum (GJ): Grupo 1 (n =64) - HbA1c <5,7% e GJ <100 mg/dL; Grupo 2 (n =69) - HbA1c ≥5,7 e ≤6,4% e GJ <100 mg/dL; Grupo 3 (n =63) - HbA1c ≥5,7 e ≤6,4% e GJ ≥100 e <126mg/dL. Amostras de sangue total e soro foram coletadas. O LDL oxidado foi medido por método imunoensaio enzimático (Mercodia ®), ApoB dosada por imunoturbidimentria, a relação Colesterol LDL(oxi)/Colesterol-HDL foi estimada, além das outras dosagens bioquímicas do perfil lipídico. Esses testes foram comparados e analisados entre os três diferentes grupos. Resultados: Houve diferença significativa nos níveis de LDL(oxi) (p< 0,001), Apo B (p= 0,026) e razão LDL(oxi)/HDL (p< 0,001) entre os três grupos. Os valores de HbA1c apresentaram correlação positiva com os valores de LDL (oxi) (r =0,431; p <0,001), LDL (r =0,148; p =0,039), Col Não-HDL (r =0,192; p =0,007) e Apo B (r =0,171; p <0,001). Estas associações positivas permaneceram significativas, mesmo após ajuste, por análise de regressão linear múltipla para as variáveis álcool, medicamentos, índice de massa corporal (IMC) e idade. Também apresentaram correlações positivas com os valores de HbA1c: razão LDL (oxi)/HDL (r =0,422; p <0,001), CT (r =0,142; p =0,048), triglicerídios (r =0,155; p =0,030) e IMC (r =0,263; p <0,001). Conclusão: Nosso estudo demonstrou associação dos níveis de HbA1c com as partículas lipídicas aterogênicas LDL, Apo B, colesterol não HDL e LDL (oxi). Os níveis de LDL, principalmente LDL (oxi), estão significativamente associados com os níveis de HbA1c e glicose, mesmo em indivíduos não-diabéticos. Os indivíduos classificados com alto risco de desenvolver DM ou DCV apresentam valores mais elevados de partículas de LDL oxidadas. Nossos dados sugerem que a presença de LDL (oxi) está relacionada com a glicação e ao aumento dos níveis sanguíneos de HbA1c em indivíduos não diabéticos.Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with chronic microvascular and macrovascular complications. The measurement of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) assesses the degree of glycemic control in diabetics patients and their levels are able to predict the risk of developing these complications. The formation of advanced glycation and products (AGEs) and oxidative stress are some of the hypothesis described to explain the diabetic complications. The reaction of nonenzymatic glycation of proteins is also related to these complications and is responsible for the formation of HbA1c. However, it has been shown an increase in glycation in nondiabetic patients, which is maybe due to lipid peroxidation, consequently, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) increase and there is modifications in the apolipoprotein B (apoB) of low-density cholesterol (LDL). The oxidative modification of LDL confers specific proatherogenic properties. The presence of oxidized LDL and an increased tendency to LDL peroxidation contribute to increased levels of HbA1c in diabetic patients. Objective: To investigate the association between HbA1c levels and the levels of LDL cholesterol and oxidized LDL in subjects without diabetes. Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study in which a total of 196 individuals, classified as non-diabetics, were analyzed and divided into three groups according to the values of HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose (FPG): Group 1 (n = 64) - HbA1c <5.7% and FPG <100 mg / dL, Group 2 (n = 69) - HbA1c ≥ 5.7 and ≤ 6.4% and FPG <100 mg / dL, Group 3 (n = 63) - HbA1c ≥ 5.7 and ≤ 6.4% and FPG ≥ 100 and <126mg/dL. Samples of whole blood and serum were collected. Oxidized LDL was measured by enzyme immunoassay method (Mercodia ®), ApoB was measured by imunoturbidimentria and the ratio LDL cholesterol (oxi) / HDL-cholesterol was estimated. Other biochemical measurements of lipid profile were also carried out. Results: There were significant differences in LDL (oxi) (p <0.001), Apo B (p = 0.026), and ratio LDL (oxi) / HDL (p <0.001) between the three groups. HbA1c values showed positive association with LDL (oxi) (r = 0.431, p <0.001), LDL (r = 0.148, p = 0.039), non-HDL Col (r = 0.192, p = 0.007) and Apo B (r = 0.171, p <0.001). These positive associations remained significant even after adjustment for multiple linear regression analysis for variables such as alcohol, drugs, BMI and age. The ratio LDL (oxi) / HDL (r = 0.422, p <0.001), CT (r = 0.142, p = 0.048), triglycerides (r = 0.155, p = 0.030) and BMI (r = 0.263, p <0.001) also showed positive correlations with HbA1c values. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that there is association between HbA1c levels and the atherogenic lipid particles LDL, Apo B, non-HDL cholesterol and LDL (oxi). LDL levels, especially LDL (oxi), are significantly associated with HbA1c and glucose levels, even in non-diabetics. Individuals classified with high risk of developing diabetes or CVD have higher levels of oxidized LDL particles. Our data suggest that the presence of LDL (oxi) is related to glycation and increased blood levels of HbA1c in nondiabetic individuals.
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Schofield, Jonathan. "HDL functionality and lipoprotein quality in diabetes mellitus." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hdl-functionality-and-lipoprotein-quality-in-diabetes-mellitus(a164e8f2-692a-4ac8-aa29-5e8f31d3c217).html.
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Background & Aims: The 'high-density lipoprotein (HDL) hypothesis', that therapeutic interventions directed at raising HDL cholesterol might translate into improved cardiovascular outcomes, has been confounded by recent reports from genetic and pharmacological studies. HDL functionality may be more important than cholesterol cargo. HDL cholesterol levels are normal or even high in Type 1 Diabetes (T1DM) but do not seem to protect against atherosclerosis as might be expected; this thesis aims to offer new insight into HDL functionality through examination of these patients. This thesis also aims to improve understanding of the qualitative changes in lipoproteins associated with diabetes and increased cardiovascular morbidity, with emphasis on atherogenic modifications of apolipoprotein B and sphingolipids, and consideration of the relationship between these changes, novel and established biomarkers, and macrovascular and microvascular diabetic complications. Materials & Methods: Patients with Type 1 (n = 91) and Type 2 (n = 40) Diabetes Mellitus and healthy volunteers (n = 104) attended for fasting blood tests, urinalysis, and examination including cardiac computed tomography, carotid doppler studies and assessments of nerve function. In vitro studies of lipoprotein modification used pooled human plasma. Results: Lipoprotein glycation represents an atherogenic modification. In vitro glycation occurs more readily in the presence of physiological concentrations of copper. HDL and copper-selective chelation with triethylenetetramine prevents glycation. Glycated apolipoprotein B, oxidized LDL and small-dense LDL levels were significantly higher in T1DM; HDL cholesterol levels were also significantly higher, but with altered apolipoprotein distribution, and significantly lower cholesterol efflux capacity and PON1 activity than in healthy controls. Significant changes were also observed in cystatin C, advanced glycation end-products, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, a variety of inflammatory markers, and sphingolipid and ceramide profiles. Discussion: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death and disability in diabetes. Patients with diabetes show qualitative and kinetic lipoprotein abnormalities, and any cardiovascular benefit associated with intensive glucose lowering may be related to effects on lipoprotein metabolism rather than directly through altered glycaemia. The apparently relatively undisturbed lipid profile observed in many patients with diabetes hides major atherogenic changes and altered HDL functionality, which may be at least partially responsible for the persistent increased risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes. HDL-based therapy remains a largely unfulfilled promise, but there may be a role for copper-selective chelation and more aggressive low-density lipoprotein lowering in the reduction of diabetic complications.
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Freitas, Maria Camila Pruper de. "Papel do ômega-3 nas características físico-químicas da HDL e LDL e possível associação com medidas Z-scan em indivíduos adultos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-17092015-094133/.
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Introdução: O aumento na prevalência das doenças cardiovasculares alerta para a necessidade de estratégias eficazes e de baixo custo como medidas preventivas na redução dos fatores de risco, morbidades e óbitos decorrentes de eventos coronarianos. As modificações no estilo de vida são as primeiras alternativas a serem adotadas. Nesse contexto, a dieta ocupa lugar de destaque e os benefícios dos ácidos graxos poli-insaturados ômega-3 na saúde cardiovascular são amplamente reconhecidos. As doenças cardiovasculares são influenciadas por diversos fatores de risco e o desequilíbrio na concentração plasmática das lipoproteínas é um fator de risco independente no desenvolvimento da doença cardiovascular aterosclerótica. Entretanto, há evidências de que as subfrações lipoproteicas podem influenciar o risco cardiovascular de maneira diferenciada, dependendo das características físico-químicas e funcionalidade de cada partícula. O desenvolvimento de novas técnicas, capazes de identificar esses parâmetros, tem sido foco de grande interesse científico. Objetivo: Avaliar o papel do ômega-3 sobre as características físico-químicas da LDL e HDL e possível associação entre medidas Z-scan e marcadores cardiometabólicos em indivíduos adultos. Metodologia: A partir de uma subamostra do estudo CARDIONUTRI (estudo clínico, randomizado, controlado e duplo cego com seguimento de 8 semanas) foram selecionados 36 indivíduos do Grupo Ômega-3 (3,0g/dia de óleo de peixe - 1,11g de EPA + 0,69g de DHA) e 27 do Grupo Placebo (3,0g/dia de óleo mineral). Foram monitorados o perfil clínico, antecedentes familiares, consumo alimentar, atividade física e antropometria. Amostras de sangue foram coletadas após 12 horas de jejum para avaliação das concentrações plasmáticas de CT, TAG, HDL-C, LDL-C, APOAI, APOB, PON1 e glicose. O tamanho da HDL e LDL foi analisado pelo método padronizado Lipoprint®. O conteúdo de LDL(-) foi determinado por ELISA. As medidas Z-scan foram determinadas por meio da difusividade térmica e absorção linear da LDL (1,0 mg/dL de proteína), isolada por ultracentrifugação. Todos as variáveis do estudo foram avaliadas no momento basal e após 8 semanas de intervenção. A adesão à intervenção foi monitorada pela contagem de cápsulas e percentual dos ácidos graxos plasmáticos. Para avaliar a associação das medidas Z-Scan aos marcadores cardiometabólicos, os dados obtidos no momento basal foram submetidos à Análise de Componentes Principais. Resultados: A idade média dos participantes do estudo foi de 51,5 (10,5) anos. A suplementação com ômega-3 promoveu redução significativa de CT, TAG, não-HDL, HDLPEQUENA e LDL(-), além de aumento significativo de HDL-C e HDLGRANDE. O ômega-3 foi mais eficaz na redução dos TAG (29,2 por cento ) quando comparado ao placebo (2,9 por cento ). O Grupo Ômega-3 apresentou aumento de HDLGRANDE (16,9 por cento ) e redução de HDLPEQUENA (-16,3 por cento ) ao final da intervenção, com diferença significativa quando comparado ao Grupo Placebo que apresentou redução de HDLGRANDE (-4,8 por cento ) e aumento de HDLPEQUENA (17,7 por cento ). Não foram observadas diferenças nas medidas Z-scan após a intervenção, porém as medidas se associaram positivamente a Componentes Principais com padrões cardioprotetores da amostra e negativamente a padrões aterogênicos. Conclusão: O ômega-3 demonstrou efeito positivo no perfil lipídico e propriedades aterogênicas das subfrações lipoproteicas. A suplementação com ômega-3 não modificou as medidas Z-scan, no entanto, a técnica demonstrou ser uma ferramenta capaz de se associar a padrões aterogênicos e antiaterogênicos monitorados no presente estudoIntroduction: The increased of cardiovascular disease prevalence draws attention to the need to adopt effective and inexpensive strategies as preventive measures to reduce risk factors, morbidity and deaths from coronary events. Lifestyle modification is indicated as first alternative to be adopted. In this context the diet stands out and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids benefits on cardiovascular health are largely recognized. Cardiovascular diseases are influenced by several risk factors and the plasma imbalance lipoprotein is considered a crucial independent risk factor. However, there is evidence of the influence of lipoprotein subfractions in cardiovascular risk, based on the physicochemical characteristics of these particles. The development of new techniques able to identify those parameters has been the focus of great scientific interest. Objective: To evaluate the role of omega-3 on HDL and LDL physicochemical characteristics and possible association between Z-scan measurements and cardiometabolic markers in adults. Methods: From a subsample of the study CARDIONUTRI (clinical, randomized, controlled, double blind study with 8-week follow-up) were selected 36 individuals from the Omega-3 Group (3.0g/day of fish oil - 1,11g EPA + 0.69g DHA) and 27 individuals from the Placebo Group (3.0g/day of mineral oil). The clinical profile, family history, dietary intake, physical activity and anthropometry were monitored. Blood samples were collected after 12 hours of fasting to evaluate plasma concentrations of TC, TAG, HDL-C, LDL-C, APOAI, APOB, PON1 and glucose. The HDL and LDL size was analyzed by the standard method Lipoprint®. The levels of LDL (-) was determined by ELISA. The Z-scan measurements were determined by thermal diffusivity and linear absorption of LDL (1.0 mg / dL protein) isolated by ultracentrifugation. All study variables were evaluated at baseline and after 8 weeks of intervention. The intervention accession was monitored by capsule count and percentage of plasma fatty acids. To evaluate the association of the Z-Scan measurements to cardiometabolic markers, the data collected at baseline were subjected to Principal Component Analysis. Results: The average age of individuals were 51.5 (10.5) years. The omega-3 supplementation promoted a significant decreased of TC, TAG, non-HDL, small HDL and LDL(-), and significantly increased HDL-C and large HDL. The omega-3 was more effective in reducing the TAG (29.2 per cent ) when compared to placebo (2.9 per cent ). The Omega-3 Group increased large HDL (16.9 per cent ) and decreased small HDL (-16.3 per cent ) after the intervention, with significant difference when compared to the Placebo Group that decreased large HDL (-4.8 per cent ) and increased small HDL (17.7 per cent ). There were no differences in Z-scan measurements with the interventions, but were observed positively associated the Z-scan measurements with the anti-atherogenic sample patterns and negatively associated with atherogenic sample patterns when the sample was standardized from the Principal Components Analysis. Conclusion: The omega-3 demonstrated positive effect on the lipid profile and atherogenic lipoprotein subfractions. Supplementation with omega-3 did not modify the Z-scan measurements, however, the technique proved to be a tool that can be associated with atherogenic and anti-atherogenic sample patterns monitored in this study.
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Karlsson, Helen. "Lipoproteomics : A New Approach to the Identification and Characterization of Proteins in LDL and HDL." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-8527.
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Yadav, Rahul. "HDL functionality and LDL quality : the influence of obesity, obstructive sleep apnoea and pharmacological intervention." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/hdl-functionality-and-ldl-quality-the-influence-of-obesity-obstructive-sleep-apnoea-and-pharmacological-intervention(60e83156-3d19-4ccb-999c-f57ac5c6ca46).html.
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Aims: LDL oxidation plays an important role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. HDL impedes oxidation, glycation and glycoxidation in vitro and there is evidence to suggest paraoxonase-1 (PON1) plays an important role in this. 1. In patients with dyslipidaemia treated with statins, I assessed the relationship of serum PON1 activity with in vitro HDL antioxidant capacity, susceptibility of LDL to oxidation and the protection offered by HDL. 2. I studied the effect of the presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) in morbidly obese patients on HDL anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. 3. I investigated the influence of extended release niacin/ laropiprant (ERN/LRP) versus placebo in patients who had persistent dyslipidaemia despite receiving high doses of potent statins. I assessed the effect of ERN/LRP on mediators of vascular inflammation and HDL's in vitro anti-oxidant function. Methods: 1. LDL isolated from dyslipidemic patients was incubated with and without HDL, in the presence of Cu2+. Similarly isolated HDL was incubated alone. Lipid peroxides (LPO) generated over 3 hours were measured. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on median serum PON1 activity. 2. 41 morbidly obese patients were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of OSA ("OSA" and "no OSA" group) or on severity of OSA (high or low apnoea-hypoapnoea index (AHI) groups). I studied HDL's ability to protect itself from in vitro oxidation and measured serum PON1 activity, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1). 3. This was a randomised double blind cross over trial, where I studied the effect of ERN/LRP compared to placebo in 27 patients who had high LDL-C inspite of maximum tolerated doses of statins. I measured lipid profile, apolipoproteins, cholesteryl ester transport protein (CETP) activity, paraoxonase 1 activity (PON1), oxidised LDL (oxLDL) and related mediators of vascular inflammation. I also examined the capacity of HDL to protect LDL from in vitro oxidation. Results and conclusion: 1. In statin treated dyslipidemic patients the capacity of HDL to protect itself and LDL from oxidation in vitro is significantly better in individuals with higher serum PON1 activity. 2. The capacity of HDL to protect itself from in vitro oxidation in morbidly obese patients is reduced with onset and severity of OSA. The differences in TNFalpha and ICAM1 levels may suggest endothelial dysfunction due to OSA. Oxidative damage of PON1 attributable to OSA could be a mechanism for HDL and endothelial dysfunction. 3. Treatment with ERN/LRP resulted in a significant improvement in HDL-C but did not affect HDL's in vitro anti-oxidant function in patients who had persistent dyslipidaemia despite high doses of potent statins. For the first time I have shown that ERN/LRP reduces mediators of vascular inflammation.
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SUC, ISABELLE. "Effets des ldl oxydees sur les cellules endotheliales en culture et protection par les hdl." Toulouse 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU30056.
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Les ldl oxydees jouent un role majeur dans la formation des stries graisseuses. Elles presentent de nombreux effets biologiques et sont en particulier proliferatives ou cytotoxiques pour les cellules vasculaires en culture, ce qui pourrait favoriser in vivo, l'evolution des stries graisseuses vers des lesions plus avancees, irreversibles. Les hdl sont antiatherogenes, elles sont impliquees dans le transport reverse du cholesterol, inhibent l'oxydation des ldl et certains des effets biologiques medies par les ldlox. Notre travail presente deux parties. Dans la premiere partie, nous rapportons que les hdl inhibent la cytotoxicite des ldl oxydees dans les cellules endotheliales en culture. Cet effet protecteur est dose dependant, soutenu dans le temps, remanent, et depend en partie d'une synthese proteique. Il necessite une integrite de la fraction apolipoproteine a totale des hdl et il est partiellement mime par l'apolipoproteine a-i purifiee. De plus, les hdl inhibent le pic de calcium intracellulaire induit par les ldl oxydees, directement implique dans leurs effets cytotoxiques (arterioscler. Thromb. Vasc. Biol. , 1997, 17 : 2158-2166). Dans la deuxieme partie de notre travail, nous avons etudie les evenements transductionnels induit par les ldl oxydees en amont du pic calcique, qui pourraient etre impliques dans leur toxicite. Nous avons mis en evidence une nouvelle cible primaire activee par les ldl oxydees : le recepteur a l'egf. Les ldl oxydees stimulent la phosphorylation et l'activation du recepteur a l'egf ainsi que la voie de signalisation intracellulaire correspondante. Cette activation est associee a une derivatisation des groupements amines libres du recepteur, et peut etre induite par le 4-hydroxynonenal, un des produits majeurs issus de la peroxydation lipidique (faseb j. , 1998, sous presse). Les hdl bloquent en partie l'activation du recepteur a l'egf induite par les ldl oxydees, et la signalisation intracellulaire qui lui est propre.
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AUBERT, DECOSSIN CHRISTELLE. "Heterogeneite des lipoproteines contenant de l'apo a-i et atherosclerose." Lille 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL2P254.
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Santos, Priscila Ribeiro dos. "Caracterização estrutural e óptica de lipoproteínas humanas nativa e oxidadas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-03092014-160258/.
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A aterosclerose, doença sistêmica caracterizada pelo acúmulo de lipídios e elementos fibrosos nas artérias, é uma das principais causas de morte em diversos países. Partículas de lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL) oxidadas estão presentes nas lesões aterogênicas, evidenciando a correlação entre estas partículas e a doença aterosclerótica. Este trabalho apresenta estudos de caracterização óptica e estrutural de lipoproteínas humanas nativas e oxidadas in vitro. As caracterizações foram realizadas por meio de diversas técnicas, sendo as principais a Varredura-Z e o espalhamento de raios X a baixos ângulos (SAXS) . Nos estudos de caracterização óptica verificou-se que a resposta não-linear das amostras de LDL está relacionada tanto com o seu conteúdo de antioxidantes, quanto com sua concentração de hidroperóxidos. Com relação à caracterização estrutural, foi proposto um novo método de análise para os dados de SAXS. Neste método, que mostrou-se mais adequando frente àqueles existentes na literatura, a curva de contraste de densidade eletrônica é obtida diretamente da curva de intensidade de espalhamento. Por meio das análises realizadas concluímos que as partículas de LDL apresentam pequenas alterações estruturais apenas quando comparamos a amostra nativa com aquela oxidada por 18 horas. São apresentados ainda alguns resultados exploratórios obtidos, tanto na caracterização óptica quanto na estrutural, para as lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL), que apontam para uma maior resistência deste tipo de lipoproteína ao processo oxidação. Por fim, é possível afirmar que a técnica de Varredura-Z é sensível a mudanças que ocorrem no início do processo oxidativo das lipoproteínas, enquanto a técnica de SAXS é sensível a mudanças em estágios mais avançados do mesmo processo.Atherosclerosis, which is a systemic disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids and fibrous elements in the arteries, is a major cause of death in many countries. Particles of oxidized low density lipoproteins (LDL) are present in atherogenic lesions, showing the correlation between these particles and atherosclerosis. This thesis presents studies of structural and optical characterization of native and in vitro oxidized human lipoproteins. Characterizations were carried out by means of various techniques, the main ones being Z-scan (ZS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). In the optical characterization studies it was found that the non-linear response of LDL samples is associated with their antioxidant contents and with their concentration of hydroperoxides. With respect to the structural characterization, we propose a new method of analysis for the SAXS data. In this method, which is more suitable than those existing in the literature, the electron density curve is obtained directly from the scattering intensity curve. Through these analyses we conclude that LDL particles exhibit only small structural changes when native LDL sample is compared to the $18$ hours oxidized one. We also present preliminary results, both in structure and in optical characterization, for the high density lipoprotein (HDL), which presents a greater resistance (comparing to LDL) to the oxidation process. Finally, it is possible to say that the ZS technique is sensitive to changes that occur in early stages of the lipoprotein\'s oxidative process, while the SAXS technique is sensitive to changes in the later stages of the same process.
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Silva, Jeferson Luis da. "Os efeitos do exercício resistido no metabolismo da lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) e da lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), utilizando uma nanoemulsão semelhante a LDL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-23112011-185508/.
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Treinamento físico é considerado um dos principais instrumentos para promover um estilo de vida saudável. No entanto, os efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre as vias metabólicas, especialmente o metabolismo lipídico intravascular é em grande parte inexplorada e merece uma investigação mais aprofundada. No presente estudo nós avaliamos os efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre o metabolismo de uma nanoemulsão artificial lipídica e na transferência de lípides para HDL, uma importante etapa do metabolismo da HDL. A cinética plasmática da nanoemulsão artificial lipídica foi estudada em 15 homens saudáveis com treinamento resistido regular de 1-4 anos (idade = 25 ± 5 anos, VO2máx = 50 ± 6 mL/kg/min) e em 15 homens saudáveis sedentários (28 ± 7 anos, VO2máx = 35 ± 9 mL/kg/min). A nanoemulsão artificial lipídica marcada com éster de colesterol-14C e colesterol livre-3H foi injetada por via intravenosa, as amostras de plasma foram coletadas por 24 h para determinar curvas de cinéticas e a taxa fracional de remoção (TFR). Transferência de lípides para HDL foi determinada in vitro pela incubação de amostras de plasma com nanoemulsões (doadores de lípides) marcada com o isótopo radioativo colesterol livre, éster de colesterol, triglicérides e fosfolípides. Tamanho da HDL, atividade da paraoxonase 1 e os níveis de LDL oxidada também foram determinadas. Os dois grupos apresentaram LDL-colesterol, HDL-colesterol e triglicérides semelhantes, mas a LDL oxidada foi menor no grupo treinamento resistido (30 ± 9 vs 61 ± 19 U/L, p = 0,0005). No treinamento resistido, a nanoemulsão éster de colesterol-14C foi removida duas vezes mais rápido do que em indivíduos sedentários (TFR: 0,068 ± 0,023 vs 0,037 ± 0,028, p = 0,002), bem como o colesterol livre-3H (0,041 ± 0,025 vs 0,022 ± 0,023, p = 0,04). Embora ambos os componentes da nanoemulsão tenham sido removidos na mesma proporção em indivíduos sedentários, no grupo treinamento resistido o colesterol livre-3H foi removido mais lento do que o éster de colesterol-14C (p = 0,005). Tamanho da HDL, paraoxonase 1 e as taxas de transferência de HDL dos quatro lipídios foram as mesmas em ambos os grupos. Portanto, concluímos que o treinamento resistido acelera a remoção da nanoemulsão artificial lipídica, o que provavelmente explica a redução dos níveis de LDL oxidada no grupo treinamento resistido. O treinamento resistido também alterou o equilíbrio da TFR do colesterol livre e esterificado. No entanto, o treinamento resistido não teve efeito nos parâmetros relacionados ao metabolismo da HDLExercise training is considered one of the main instruments to promote a healthy lifestyle. However, effects resistance training on the metabolic pathways, specially the intravascular lipid metabolism is largely unexplored and deserves further investigation. In this study we evaluated the effects of resistance training on the metabolism of an LDL-like nanoemulsion and on lipid transfer to HDL, an important step of HDL metabolism. LDL-like nanoemulsion plasma kinetics was studied in 15 healthy men under regular resistance training for 1-4 years (age = 25 ± 5 years, VO2peak = 50 ± 6 mL/kg/min) and in 15 healthy sedentary men (28 ± 7 years, VO2peak = 35 ± 9 mL/kg/min). LDL-like nanoemulsion labeled with 14C-cholesteryl ester and 3H-free cholesterol was injected intravenously, plasma samples were collected over 24 h to determine kinetics curves and fractional clearance rates (FCR). Lipid transfer to HDL was determined in vitro by incubating of plasma samples with nanoemulsions (lipid donors) labeled with radioactive free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester, triglycerides and phospholipids. HDL size, paraoxonase 1 activity and oxidized LDL levels were also determined. The two groups showed similar LDL and HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides, but oxidized LDL was lower in resistance training group (30 ± 9 vs 61 ± 19 U/L, p = 0.0005). In resistance training, the nanoemulsion 14Ccholesteryl ester was removed twice as fast than in sedentary individuals (FCR: 0.068 ± 0.023 vs 0.037 ± 0.028, p = 0.002), as well as 3H-free cholesterol (0.041 ± 0.025 vs 0.022 ± 0.023, p = 0.04). While both nanoemulsion labels were removed at the same rate in sedentary individuals, in resistance training group 3H-free cholesterol was removed slower than 14C-cholesteryl ester (p = 0.005). HDL size, paraoxonase 1 and the transfer rates to HDL of the four lipids were the same in both groups. Therefore, we conclude that the resistance training accelerated the clearance of LDL-like nanoemulsion, which probably accounts for the oxidized LDL levels reduction in resistance training group. Resistance training also changed the balance of free and esterified cholesterol FCRs. However, RT had no effect on HDL metabolism related parameters
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Muramoto, Giovana. "Avaliação nutricional e do perfil lipídico de crianças e adolescentes, com processo inflamatório, em unidade de emergência de um hospital universitário." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-20052015-104110/.
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Objetivo: comparar o perfil lipídico de em crianças e adolescentes, com e sem inflamação, atendidas num pronto atendimento geral de pediatria de um hospital universitário de nível de atendimento secundário, segundo estado nutricional, sexo e idade. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado entre outubro de 2012 e agosto de 2013, avaliou 124 crianças e adolescentes (3 meses a 14 anos de idade) em atendimento na unidade de emergência do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo, com queixa relacionada a processo inflamatório/infeccioso. Os pacientes foram separados em dois grupos de acordo com os níveis de proteína C reativa (PCR): grupo I se maior ou igual a 5 mg/L, e grupo II se menor que 5mg/L. Dosagens de colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) e baixa densidade (LDL), triglicerídeos e albumina foram comparadas entre os dois grupos, levando em conta o estado nutricional (avaliado através de medidas antropométricas), gênero e idade. Resultado: A mediana de idade foi de 51 meses, com maioria dos pacientes classificados como eutróficos (76,5%). Do total da amostra, 34,7% dos pacientes apresentaram colesterol total e/ou triglicerídeos alterados e 67% apresentaram baixos níveis de HDL. Não houve diferença significativa do perfil lipídico entre os dois grupos de pacientes separados de acordo com PCR. Dentre os pacientes com PCR >= 5mg/L, a PCR apresentou correlação inversa com HDL [r= (-)0,363 e p=0,001], com LDL [r= (-) 0,235 e p=0,034], com albumina [r= (-) 0,308 e p=0,005] e correlação direta com TG (r=0,426 e p > 0,001). Na analise de regressão linear, se evidenciou que para cada aumento de 1mg/L nos valores da PCR espera-se uma redução média de 0,072 mg/dL da HDL, de 0,083 mg/dL da LDL, de 0,002g/dL de albumina, e um aumento médio de 0,564 mg/dL do triglicerídeo. Conclusão: Pacientes com processo inflamatório apresentam alterações nos níveis séricos do HDL, LDL e triglicerídeos que se relacionam com o grau de inflamação, de forma independente do estado nutricionalAim: To compare the lipid profile in children and adolescents with and without inflammation, met a ready general pediatric service of a university hospital secondary care level, according to nutritional status, gender and age. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted between October 2012 and August 2013, assessed 124 children and adolescents (3 months to 14 years old) in the emergency department of the University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, with reports of inflammatory/ infectious process. The patients were divided into two groups according to the C reactive protein (CRP) levels: group I is higher than or equal to 5 mg/L, and Group II was lower than 5 mg/L. Total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglycerides and albumin were compared between the two groups, taking into account the nutritional status (assessed by anthropometric measurements), gender and age. Results: The median age was 51 months, with patients mostly classified as well-nourished (76.5%). Of the overall sample, 34.7% of patients had total cholesterol and/or triglycerides altered and 67% had low levels of HDL. There was no significant difference in lipid profile between the two groups of PCR. For the patients with CPR > 5mg/L, CPR presented an inverse correlation with HDL [r = (-) 0.363 and p = 0.001], with LDL [r = (-) 0.235 and p = 0.034], with [r = albumin (-) 0.308 and p = 0.005] and direct correlation with TG (r = 0.426 and p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis it became clear that for each increase of 1 mg/L in the values of CRP expected an average reduction of 0,072 mg/dL of HDL, the 0,083 mg/dL of LDL, the 0,002 g /dL albumin, and an average increase of 0,564 mg/dL of triglycerides. Conclusion: Patients with an inflammatory process exhibit changes in the serum levels of the lipids HDL, LDL and TG that are related to the degree of inflammation. These changes occurred regardless of nutritional status
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Henriquez, Ronald Rene. "Fluorometric sedimentation equilibrium for lipoprotein sub-class analysis." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2027.
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Paredes-Aramburú, Jacqueline, and Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz. "Asociación entre la participación en programas de asistencia alimentaria y patrones del perfil lipídico en Perú." Sociedad Chilena de Nutricion Bromatologia y Toxilogica, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624651.
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Purpose: To assess whether the participation in food assistance programs (Community Kitchens and Glass of Milk) was associated with lipid profile patterns in the Peruvian population. We conducted a secondary data analysis using data from the National Survey of Nutritional, Biochemical, Socioeconomic, and Cultural Indicators related to Chronic Degenerative Diseases. The sample included individuals aged ≥20 years, selected from five geographic strata in Peru. From each stratum a random sample of clusters was chosen. Different Poisson regression models with robust variance were built to determine the association between food assistance programs and participant lipid profile (total cholesterol (TC), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides (TG)). Data from 4028 participants was analyzed, 123 (3.1%) reported being beneficiaries of the Community Kitchens program and 827 (20.5%) were beneficiaries of the Glass of Milk program. An association between being a beneficiary of Community Kitchens and increased LDL-c (Prevalence ratio (PR)= 2.33; 95% CI: 1.18–4.59) was found. Being a beneficiary of the Glass of Milk program increased the probability of having low HDL-c levels (PR= 1.08; 95% CI: 1.02–1.14), but reduced the probability of hypertriglyceridemia (PR= 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56–0.88). Being a beneficiary of the Community Kitchen program was associated with increased LDL-c levels; while, being a beneficiary of the Glass of Milk increased the probability of low HDL-c, but reduced the probability of developing hypertriglyceridemia.Revisión por pares
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Slhessarenko, Natasha. "Determinação dos intervalos de referência do colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, colesterol não HDL, LDL-colesterol e triglicérides em crianças e adolescentes saudáveis do Município de Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5141/tde-09062014-105138/.
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A determinação de Intervalos de Referência (IR) é uma árdua tarefa para os laboratórios clínicos, porém indispensável e de fundamental importância para a tomada de decisão médica. Para parâmetros como os lípides séricos, os IR tem sido estabelecidos consensos nacionais ou internacionais definindo limites de decisão (CLSI, 2008). O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar os IR para colesterol total, HDL-colesterol, colesterol não-HDL, LDL- colesterol e triglicérides séricos em crianças e adolescentes saudáveis do município de Cuiabá, capital do estado de Mato Grosso. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo, realizado em 1.866 crianças e adolescentes saudáveis de creches e escolas municipais desta capital, obtidas por amostragem aleatória. Foi aplicado um questionário avaliando antecedentes do indivíduo e de seus familiares além de dados demográficos e antropométricos. Foram definidos como critérios de inclusão do estudo, crianças e adolescentes nas faixas etárias de 1 a 12 anos 11 meses e 29 dias, sem nenhuma doença de base diagnosticada ou queixas clínicas no momento da coleta. Além disto, os participantes não deveriam fazer uso regular de medicamento. As amostras foram coletadas em jejum. As amostras foram processadas no equipamento cobas® 6000 (analyser series - Roche Diagnostics), em laboratório da rede DASA na cidade de Cuiabá. Em relação à metodologia estatística, foi analisada a homogeneidade das variâncias através do teste de Bartlett para cada analito por idade e, posteriormente, testados pelo teste ANOVA ou Kruskal-Wallis para verificar a existência de diferença entre as faixas etárias. O teste \"post hoc\" de Bonferroni foi aplicado quando se constatou a diferença para reagrupar as faixas etárias similares, constituindo assim novos grupos etários. Aplicou-se então, o teste de Bartlett e, conforme seu resultado, realizou-se ANOVA ou Kruskal-Wallis para verificar se os agrupamentos nas faixas se mantinham. Em seguida, procedeu-se a exclusão de valores extremos (outiliers) tomados como sendo aqueles valores acima ou abaixo da média ± 3 desvios-padrão. Depois de excluídos os outiliers, obteve-se o IR como sendo a média ± 2 desvios-padrão dos valores remanescentes. Adicionalmente, foi calculada a distribuição em percentis, sendo adotado o critério do NHLBI 2012 como proposta de limite de decisão para a população estudada. Em todos os testes, o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. As análises estatísticas foram realizadas pelos programas MINITAB (versão 15) e SPSS (versão 16). Este projeto foi aprovado pelas Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa das instituições envolvidas e das Secretarias Municipais de Educação e Saúde de Cuiabá. Os valores encontrados para o colesterol total, nos percentis 75 e 95 foram: 1 a 2 anos de 160 mg/dL e 189 mg/dL; 3 a 8 anos de 170 mg/dL e 199 mg/dL; 9 a 12 anos de 176 mg/dL e 205 mg/dL, respectivamente. Para o colesterol não-HDL, na única faixa etária de 1 a 12 anos, os valores nestes percentis foram de 122 mg/dL e 150 mg/dL, respectivamente. Para o LDL-colesterol, os valores correspondentes aos percentis acima, na faixa etária de 1 a 8 anos e de 9 a 12 anos, foram de 104 mg/dL e 132 mg/dL; 106 mg/dL e 139 mg/dL, respectivamente. Para os triglicérides, os valores correspondentes aos referidos percentis foram: 1 ano de 127 mg/dL e 189 mg/dL; 2 a 5 anos de 98 a 139 mg/dL; 6 a 12 anos de 92 mg/dL e 139 mg/dL. Para as faixas etárias propostas para o HDL-colesterol os valores correspondentes ao percentil 10 foram: 1 ano de 24 mg/dL; 2 anos de 28 mg/dL; 3 anos de 32 mg/dL e de 4 a 12 anos foi de 36 mg/dL. Os valores dos parâmetros aqui avaliados, definidos em diferentes faixas etárias em crianças e adolescentes brasileiros da cidade de Cuiabá, podem representar limites de decisão para a população pediátrica brasileira contribuindo para aprimorar o diagnóstico neste grupo específico em nosso paísEstablishment of Reference Intervals (RI) is an arduous task for clinical laboratories however vital and fundamental importance to medical decision making. For some parameters, such as serum lipids, RI have been established by national and international consensus defining decision limits (CLSI 2008). The aim of this study was to determine pediatric RI of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol non- HDL, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides in healthy children and adolescents in Cuiabá, capital of Mato Grosso. This is a descriptive study, conducted in 1,866 healthy children and adolescents from kindergartens and schools of the capital city, obtained by random sampling. A questionnaire assessing the individual background and their relatives besides demographic and anthropometric data had beeb also carried out. Were defined as inclusion criteria of the study, children and adolescents in the group 1-12 years 11 months and 29 days without any underlying disease or diagnosed clinical complaints at the time of collection. In addition, participants should not take any regular medication. The samples were collected during fasting period and were determined using cobas® 6000 (analyser series - Roche Diagnostics). Regarding statistic methodology, we did analyse the homogeneity of variances by Bartlett´s test for each parameter by age and subsequently by ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test to check the differences between age groups. The test \"pos hoc\" Bonferroni was applied when it was found the difference to regroup similar age groups, thus constituting a new age bracket. After this procedure the Bartllet test was applied, as it result, we did conduct ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis to check if the groups remained. Then proceeded to the exclusion of extreme values (outliers) taken as those values above or below the mean ± 3 standard deviations. After excluding outliers, obtained the RI as the mean ± 2 standard deviations of the remaining values. Additionally, we calculated the percentile distribution, and adopted the criteria of NHLBI 2012 as proposed decision limit for the population studied. In all tests, the significance level was 5%. Statistical analyzes were performed by Minitab software (version 15) and SPSS (version 16). The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committees of the institutions involved and Municipal Departments of Education and Health of Cuiabá city The values obtained for total cholesterol, 75 and 95 percentiles, were: 1 to 2 years, 160 mg/dL and 189 mg/dL; 3 to 8 years, 170 mg/dL and 199 mg/dL; 9 to 12 years, 176 mg/dL and 205 mg/dL, respectively. For the non-HDL cholesterol, the only age group 1 to 12 years, this percentiles values were 122 mg/dL and 150 mg/dL, respectively. For the LDLcholesterol, the values corresponding to the percentiles above, aged 1 to 8 years and 9 to 12 years, were 104 mg/dL and 132 mg/dL; 106 mg/dL and 139 mg/dL, respectively. For the triglycerides, the values corresponding to these percentiles were: 1 year, 127 mg/dL and 189 mg/dL; 2 to 5 years, 98 to 139 mg/dL; 6 to 12 years, 92 mg/dL and 139 mg/dL. For ages proposed for HDL-cholesterol the corresponding values to 10th percentile were: 1 year, 24 mg/dL; 2 years, 28 mg/dL; 3 years, 32 mg/dL and 4 to 12 years were 36 mg/dL. The values of the parameters evaluated here, defined in different age groups in Brazilian children and adolescents in the city of Cuiabá, can represent decision limits for the Brazilian pediatric population contributing to improve the diagnosis in this particular group in our country
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Feische, Gesa [Verfasser], and Wolfgang [Akademischer Betreuer] Siess. "Wirkung der Lipoproteine LDL, moxLDL und HDL auf die Thrombozytenfunktion im Blut / Gesa Feische ; Betreuer: Wolfgang Siess." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156851904/34.
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Bertato, Marina da Paz. "Cinética plasmática do colesterol livre e do colesterol esterificado e transferência in vitro de lípides para a HDL, utilizando uma nanoemulsão lipídica artificial, em indivíduos com intolerância à glicose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-24062010-142720/.
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O indivíduo com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 apresenta um risco de 2 a 4 vezes maior de desenvolver doença cardiovascular (DCV) quando comparado ao não-diabético, sendo que este aumento do risco para o desenvolvimento da DCV também é observado quando na intolerância à glicose (IG) que ocorre em fases mais precoces da história natural do diabetes. Atribui-se ser a presença da síndrome metabólica (SM), que ocorre na maioria dos pacientes com DM2 e IG, um fator importante para o desenvolvimento da DCV nestes indivíduos. Dos componentes da SM, inúmeros estudos destacam a dislipidemia como um dos principais fatores para este risco. A dislipidemia comumente encontrada na IG é caracterizada por hipertrigliceridemia, baixo HDL-C e presença de LDL pequena e densa. Entretanto, como a elevação dos níveis séricos do LDL-C associada ao surgimento de aterosclerose prematura em indivíduos não diabéticos na maioria das vezes não é observada em pacientes com IG, questiona-se se outras alterações do metabolismo lipídico, tais como alterações da cinética do colesterol ou a transferência de lípides das lipoproteínas para a HDL, poderiam estar relacionadas ao maior risco cardiovascular nestes pacientes. Estudo prévio, utilizando uma nanoemulsão lipídica artificial de LDL, verificou uma remoção mais rápida do colesterol na forma livre em pacientes normolipidêmicos com doença arterial coronária (DAC) quando comparada com controles. No presente estudo, utilizou-se a nanoemulsão lipídica artificial para avaliar se esses dois processos envolvidos no metabolismo da LDL e da HDL estão alterados em pacientes com intolerância à glicose que os predispõem à DAC, relacionando estes resultados com fatores de risco cardiovasculares, tais como a resistência à insulina, a obesidade e a dislipidemia. Para tanto, foram estudados 14 pacientes com IG e 15 controles, sem manifestação clínica de DCV, que não utilizam antidiabéticos orais e hipolipemiantes, comparados com controles pareados para idade, sexo, raça, IMC, tabagismo, consumo de álcool, prática de atividade física e doenças associadas. Para o estudo cinético, a nanoemulsão marcada foi injetada endovenosamente e amostras de sangue coletadas ao longo de 24h para a determinação da radioatividade, das curvas de decaimento plasmático e da taxa fracional de remoção (TFR) dos lípides marcados a partir de um modelo de análise compartimental. Foi medida a taxa de esterificação do 3Hcolesterol livre da nanoemulsão no plasma e avaliada a transferência in vitro de lípides da nanoemulsão para a fração HDL. A resistência à insulina foi estimada pelo modelo matemático de homeostase glicêmica (HOMA) e a adiposidade abdominal por tomografia computadorizada de abdômen. A concentração plasmática de colesterol total, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglicérides e de apolipoproteínas não diferiu entre os grupos. O perfil antropométrico relacionado ao peso, IMC e circunferência abdominal foi semelhante entre os grupos. O grupo IG apresentou maior concentração de insulina de jejum (p=0,01), menor sensibilidade à insulina (p<0,01) e maior índice de resistência à insulina (p<0,01). A TFR 14C-EC foi similar nos dois grupos, porém a TFR 3H-CL foi mais rápida no grupo IG comparado com controle (p=0,04). A porcentagem de esterificação do 3H-colesterol da nanoemulsão bem como a transferência de lípides da nanoemulsão para a fração HDL foram semelhantes entre os grupos. A remoção mais rápida do 3H-colesterol livre mostra que ocorreu uma dissociação das partículas de colesterol da nanoemulsão lipídica nos pacientes com intolerância à glicose. Essa dissociação do colesterol pode refletir alterações no metabolismo intravascular da lipoproteína LDL, as quais podem favorecer a aterogênese nesses pacientesIndividuals with diabetes mellitus type 2 are 2 to 4 times more susceptible to cardiovascular disease (CVD) than non-diabetic individuals. This increased risk is also observed for glucose intolerance (GI) which appears in the initial stages of diabetes. The presence of the metabolic syndrome (MS), present in most DM2 and GI patients, is also an important factor contributing to the development of CVD in these individuals. Various MS component studies emphasize dyslipidemia as one of the main contributors for this risk factor. The dyslipidemia commonly associated to GI is characterized by hypertriglyciridemia, low HDL-C and the presence of a small and dense LDL. However, since associated LDL-C levels with the development of premature atherosclerosis in non diabetic individuals is for the most part not observed in GI patients, it is questioned whether other lipid metabolism alterations such as cholesterol kinetics or the lipid transfer to HDL could be related to a greater CVD risk in these individuals. A previous study using an artificial LDL nanoemulsion showed a faster removal rate of the free cholesterol in normolipidemic with coronary artery disease (CAD) patients when compared to control individuals. In this study an artificial lipid nanoemulsion was used to evaluate both these processes involved in the metabolism of LDL and HDL which are both altered in patients with GI that expose them to CAD, and relating the results to CVD factors such as insulin resistance, obesity and dyslipidemia. 14 GI and 15 control individuals participated in this study. All without manifestations of CVD, none using any oral antidiabetic medication or hypolipimeants, paired for age, sex, race, BMI, smoking, alcoholic consumption, physical activity and comorbidities. For the kinetic study, a labeled nanoemulsion was interveneously injected and blood samples collected at determined intervals over a 24 hour period to determine the radiactive plasma decay curves and fractional clearance rate (FCR) of the labeled nanoemulsion lipids through a compartmental analysis model. Plasma esterification rate of the 3H-free cholesterol of the nanoemulsion was measured as was the in vitro transfer from the nanoemulsion to HDL fraction. Insulin resistance was obtained by the glycemic homeostasis mathematical model (HOMA) and abdominal adipose by a computerized tomography of the abdomen. No differences were observed for total cholesterol plasmatic concentrations, LDL-C, HDL-C, triglycerides or apolipoproteins between the two groups. The anthropometric profile related to weight, BMI and abdominal circumference was similar for both groups. The GI group presented higher fasting insulin concentration (p=0.01), less insulin sensitivity (p=0.01) and a greater insulin resistance (p=0.01). The TFR 14C-CE was similar in both groups, although the TFR 3H-CL was faster in the GI group compared to the control group (p=0.04). The esterification percentage of the nanoemulsions 3H-colesterol, as well as the lipid transfer from the nanoemulsion to HDL fraction were similar for both groups. The faster 3H-free cholesterol removal shows that a dissociation of the cholesterol particles of the lipidic nanoemulsion occurred in those patients with GI. This dissociation could possibly reflect alterations in the intravascular LDL lipoprotein metabolism which in turn, may favor atherogenesis in these patients
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Rodrigues, Alina Coutinho. "Avaliação do metabolismo de lipídes em diabéticos tipo 1, normolipidêmicos e sem complicações microvasculares e macrovasculares significativas através de nanoemulsão lipídica artificial." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5135/tde-15062009-125934/.
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INTRODUÇÃO: portadores de diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) apresentam, progressivamente, complicações vásculo-neurais. Os fatores que aumentam o risco de coronariopatia - hipertensão, dislipidemia e idade avançada - explicam, em parte, a alta mortalidade cardiovascular, entretanto diabéticos tipo 1 podem morrer de coronariopatia precoce e não apresentar os fatores de risco clássicos para aterosclerose. Modificações estruturais e funcionais nas lipoproteínas, alterando a sua composição e trocas lipídicas poderiam justificar o aumento de eventos vasculares, entretanto estas alterações podem não ser detectadas através das dosagens rotineiras de lípides plasmáticos. OBJETIVOS: através de nanoemulsão lipídica artificial (LDE) que simula a estrutura lipídica da LDL avaliamos, em portadores de DM1, normolipidêmicos, intensivamente tratados e sem complicações significativas da doença, a taxa de esterificação do colesterol, a remoção da nanoemulsão da circulação, o tamanho da partícula HDL e as transferências de lípides entre a nanoemulsão e as partículas HDL. Secundariamente, determinamos a influência do controle glicêmico, resistência à insulina (RI) e insulinização no metabolismo lipídico. MÉTODOS: estudamos 36 indivíduos diabéticos e 37 controles não-diabéticos pareados para idade, sexo e índice de massa corpórea. Nanoemulsão lipídica artificial com marcação radioativa nos lípides éster de colesterol (CE), colesterol livre (CL), triglicérides (TG) e fosfolípides (PL) foi utilizada para os estudos. Nanoemulsão com marcação 14C-CE e 3H-CL foi injetada nos participantes e amostras de sangue foram coletadas durante 24 horas para mensuração da radioatividade. Remoção dos lípides da circulação foi calculada por análise compartimental. A taxa da esterificação do colesterol livre foi calculada após extração e separação de lípides do plasma por cromatografia em camada delgada. Para estudo da transferência de lípides, nanoemulsões com marcação 14C-CE e 3H-CL ou 14C-PL e 3H-TG foram incubadas com plasma e a radioatividade dos lípides transferidos para as HDL foi contada após a precipitação de lipoproteínas contendo apoB. O diâmetro da HDL foi mensurado por método de dispersão da luz. A RI nos diabéticos foi mensurada por fórmula que estima a taxa de captação da glicose. RESULTADOS: hemoglobina glicada foi de 8,8±1,3 mg/dl e concentrações de LDLc foram menores nos diabéticos (85±22 vs. 98±26 mg/dl), p=0, 035. Não houve diferenças em relação às taxas de esterificação, transferências de lípides da nanoemulsão para as HDL e tamanho da partícula HDL entre os grupos. Não encontramos relação entre as análises cinéticas e HbA1c, glicemia, índices de RI e dose de insulina. A taxa de remoção do 14C-CE foi mais rápida em diabéticos tipo 1 que nos controles (0, 059±0, 022 vs.0, 039±0, 022 h-1), p=0, 019. 16 CONCLUSÕES: apesar de controle glicêmico ruim nos DM1, as transferências de lípides da nanoemulsão para as HDL, a taxa de esterificação e a remoção da 3H-CL são semelhantes às dos controles. O controle glicêmico, perfil lipídico, índices de RI e dose de insulina não influenciaram nas transferências de lípides e na taxa de esterificação. A remoção do 14C-CE é mais rápida em indivíduos diabéticos, o que poderia justificar as concentrações de LDLc mais baixas encontradas nesta população. Acreditamos que a terapia insulínica intensiva pode justificar estes achadosINTRODUTION: people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) have progressively neuro-vascular complications. Factors that increase the risk of coronary artery disease hypertension, dislipidemia and advanced age explains part of increased cardiovascular mortality, however some DM1 died of early coronary artery disease and often do not have atherosclerosis classical risk factors. Structural and functional changes in lipoproteins, altering their composition and activities of lipid exchange could justify the increase in vascular events but these changes are generally not detected by routine clinical laboratory plasma lipid exams. OBJETIVES: in normolipidemic DM1, intensively treated and without significant complications of disease we evaluated, by an artificial lipid nanoemulsion that resembles the lipid structure of LDL, rates of cholesterol esterification, nanoemulsion removal of the circulation, HDL particle size and lipid transfer from nanoemulsion to HDL. Secondarily, we determine the influence of glycemic control, insulin resistance (IR) and insulinization on lipid metabolism. METHODS: we studied 36 diabetics and 37 non-diabetic controls paired by age, sex and body mass index. Artificial lipid nanoemulsion labeled with radioactive lipids cholesterol ester (CE), cholesterol (CL), phospholipids (PL) and triglycerides (TG) was used for studies. Intravenous infusion of nanoemulsion 14C-CE e 3H-CL was injected in participants and blood was sampled over 24 hours for radioactivity measurement. Circulation lipid removal was calculated through compartmental analysis. Rate of cholesterol esterification was calculated after lipid extraction and separation by thin-layer chromatography. Nanoemulsion was incubated with plasma and radioactivity of lipids 14C-EC, 3H-CL, 14C-PL and 3H-TG transferred to the HDL was quantified after the precipitation of other apoB lipoproteins. The HDL diameter was measured by laser light scattering. The insulin resistance in diabetic patients was measured by formula that estimates the rate of uptake of glucose. RESULTS: glycated hemoglobin was 8,8±1,3 mg/dl and LDL concentrations were lower in diabetic patients (85 ± 22 vs. 98 ± 26 mg / dl), p = 0035. There were no differences between groups regarding rates of cholesterol esterification, lipids transfer from nanoemulsion to HDL and HDL particle size. We found no relationship between the kinetic analyses and HbA1c, blood glucose, measures of IR and dose of insulin. The rate of removal of 14C-EC was faster in diabetics type 1 than controls (0.059 ± 0.022 vs.0.039 ± 0.022 h- 1), p = 0.019. CONCLUSIONS: despite suboptimal glycemic control in diabetics, lipids transfer from nanoemulsion to HDL, rate of cholesterol esterification and removal of 3H-CL are similar to those of non-diabetic individuals. Glycemic control, lipid profile, measures of IR and dose of insulin did not influence lipids transfer and rate of cholesterol esterification. Removal of 14C-EC from diabetic circulation is faster than controls which could justify the 18 lower LDL concentration found in this population. We believe that intensive insulin therapy could explain these findings
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Williams, Kimberly A. "Effects of a Comprehensive Wellness Program on Serum Lipid Concentration Among the Residents." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1276536062.
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Dang, Marie Thuy Mai. "Étude du débalancement des acides gras dans les HDL et LDL chez les porteurs du polymorphisme de l’apolipoprotéine E Ɛ4." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5379.
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Résumé : L’apolipoprotéine E (apoE) joue un rôle important dans le transport des acides gras (AG) via les lipoprotéines. Cependant, il existe possiblement une perturbation dans l’homéostasie des AG au niveau des lipoprotéines chez les porteurs du génotype de l’apolipoprotéine E epsilon 4 (E4+). L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer le profil en AG dans les lipoprotéines de hautes et de faibles densités (HDL et LDL) chez les E4+ et les non-porteurs (E4-), pendant une supplémentation en AG oméga-3 (n-3) de 28 jours.
Matériels et Méthodes: 80 participants (34 hommes et 46 femmes) en santé, âgés entre 20-35 ans, ont consommé 1,6 g/jour d’AG n-3 sur une période de 28 jours. Des prélèvements sanguins à jeun ont été récoltés chaque semaine. Les lipoprotéines ont été séparées par ultracentrifugation sur gradient discontinu de sucrose. Les lipides totaux des particules de HDL et de LDL ont été analysés par chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Les génotypes de l’APOE (E4+ ou E4-) ont été déterminés par la méthode de polymorphisme de longueur des fragments de restriction (RFLP) et les données ont été analysées par logiciel SAS à l’aide d’une procédure MIXED.
Résultats: Les caractéristiques anthropométriques et habitudes de vies ne variaient pas significativement entre les E4+ et E4-. Le ratio d’AG n-6/n–3 était environ 17% plus élevé chez les E4+ dans les LDL (P = 0.043) pendant la supplémentation. Ceci peut être attribuable au niveau plus élevé d’AG n-6, sans changement dans le niveau d’AG n-3 chez les E4+. Une interaction génotype × temps a été trouvée pour l’acide linoléique (LA) dans les HDL ainsi qu’un effet génotype pour les AG n-6 totaux dans les HDL et LDL (P ≤ 0.05). De plus, l’acide palmitique (PA) et palmitoléïque (PAL) est plus bas chez les E4+ comparativement aux E4-.
Conclusion: Le débalancement de la distribution des AG dans les HDL et LDL chez les E4+ peut être causé par une altération de la spécificité de la β-oxydation des AG chez les E4+. Plus d’investigation doit être faite à cet égard afin de confirmer ces hypothèses.
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Mesbahi, Loubna. "Etude critique de la détermination automatisee du cholesterol des HDL, des VLDL et des LDL par électrophorèse en gel d'agarose." Bordeaux 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR2P117.
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Amin, Benai. "Lipidförändrande effekten av niacin." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för farmaceutisk biovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-426878.
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Niacin som upptäcktes för 70 år sedan är en substans som än i dag studeras mycket kring. Men fortfarande är man inte överens om niacin verkligen har en signifikant effekt på kardiovaskulära sjukdomar. Verkningsmekanismen för niacin är ännu oklar, men forskning pekar på att hämmad syntes av triglycerider resulterar i en minskad LDL-koncentration. HDL-ökningen tros bero på en hämmad nedbrytning av HDL-partiklar, och därmed blir en större mängd HDL kvar i blodet. Nuvarande lipidbehandling består först och främst av en balanserad kost och ökad fysisk aktivitet. Vid otillräcklig effekt sätts läkemedelsbehandling in, som består av statiner, resiner, fibrater och hämmare av kolesterolupptag i tarmen. Syftet med detta arbete är att studera om niacin, både som monoterapi och i kombination med andra lipidsänkande preparat, har en påverkan på blodlipidvärdena HDL, LDL och triglycerider, hos människor. Genom systematisk litteratursökning har artiklar samlats in för att kunna sammanställa resultaten. Alla tio studierna som inkluderades kom fram till att niacin, antingen i kombination med andra lipidsänkande preparat eller som monoterapi, har en signifikant effekt på lipoproteinerna. Resultaten visade en LDL-sänkning upp till 58,5% (i kombination), den högsta HDL-ökning var 50% (monoterapi) och högsta triglycerid-sänkningen var 51,7% (i kombination). Dock är niacins effekt på LDL och triglycerider likartad eller sämre än dagens lipidsänkande preparat. Niacin har däremot en större effekt när det kommer till HDL-ökningen. Därför bör det göras flera och större studier gällande niacins effekt på HDL. Om studierna visar positiva resultat bör det övervägas för användning hos patienter med låg HDL. Dock orsakar biverkningarna en sämre följsamhet, och eventuella analoger till niacin bör utvecklas, detta för att inte gå miste om en eventuellt potent HDL-ökande behandling. Slutsatsen för detta arbete är att i människa har niacin en signifikant effekt på lipoproteinerna LDL och HDL samt lipiden triglycerider. Behandling med niacin leder till en sänkning av LDL och triglycerider samt en markant ökning av HDL.
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Ribeiro, Wilma Noia. "Avaliação dos fatores de risco de extrassístoles supraventriculares e ventriculares em pacientes ambulatoriais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-07112018-131624/.
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As extrassístoles são achados frequentes em pacientes ambulatoriais, o que suscita o interesse em avaliar o seu significado clínico e fatores associados. O objetivo do estudo foi investigar as variáveis relacionadas com a presença de extrassístoles identificadas em pacientes ambulatoriais selecionados ao terem recebido a indicação de eletrocardiograma de rotina na rede básica de saúde. Foi realizado estudo transversal com 407 pacientes (idade média 55,8 anos ± 12 anos, 56% mulheres) encaminhados de Unidades Básicas de Saúde para o Hospital Municipal Doutor Fernando Mauro Pires da Rocha para realização de eletrocardiograma de repouso. Os participantes foram submetidos a questionário, exame físico, exames laboratoriais, ecocardiograma e monitorização eletrocardiográfica ambulatorial de 24 horas, a qual foi empregada para categorizar a frequência de extrassístoles. Depois de análise descritiva e exploratória, a regressão logística foi utilizada para avaliar as associações entre as variáveis. Extrassístoles supraventriculares ( >= 4/hora) se relacionaram com a idade (razão de chances 1,030; intervalo de confiança 95% 1,002 - 1,059; p=0,029), níveis de peptídeos natriuréticos > 20mg/dL (razão de chances 4,489; intervalo de confiança 95% 1,918 - 10,507; p=0.0005), bloqueios intraventriculares (razão de chances 4,184; intervalo de confiança 95% 1,861 - 9,406; p=0,0005) e diâmetro de átrio esquerdo (razão de chances 1,065; intervalo de confiança 95% 1,001 - 1,134; p=0,046). Extrassístoles ventriculares ( >= 5/hora) se associaram com a idade (razão de chances 1,032; intervalo de confiança 95% 1,010 - 1,054; p=0,004), uso de bloqueadores de canais de cálcio (razão de chances 2,248; intervalo de confiança 95% 1,019 - 4,954; p=0,045), níveis de peptídeos natriuréticos > 20mg/dL (razão de chances 2,079; intervalo de confiança 95% 1,062 - 4,068; p=0,033), taxas de HDL-colesterol (razão de chances 0,971; intervalo de confiança 95% 0,951 - 0,992; p=0,007), frequência cardíaca no eletrocardiograma (razão de chances 1,019; intervalo de confiança 95% 1,001 - 1,038; p=0,041), hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (razão de chances 2,292; intervalo de confiança 95% 1,402 - 3,746; p=0,001) e fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda (razão de chances 0,938; intervalo de confiança 95% 0,900 - 0,978; p=0,002). Na população estudada, os batimentos prematuros foram achados recorrentes e de baixa densidade na eletrocardiografia dinâmica de 24 horas. Extrassístoles mais frequentes se associaram a níveis de peptídeos natriuréticos > 20mg/dL e taxas mais baixas de HDL-colesterol; além disso, foi identificada maior dilatação atrial e hipertrofia ventricular no ecocardiograma dos pacientes com esse achado, sugerindo acometimento de órgão alvo decorrente de hipertensão arterial não controlada. Portanto, a detecção de extrassístoles frequentes na monitorização eletrocardiográfica de 24 horas, em pacientes acompanhados no nível de atenção primária, reitera as recomendações dirigidas principalmente para os cuidados com os fatores de risco associados com a sua presençaPremature complexes are common findings in outpatients; thus, it is important to evaluate their clinical significance and related factors. The aim of our study was to examine the variables associated with premature beats identified in outpatients who were followed by general practitioners in a primary public healthcare setting. We performed a cross-sectional study of 407 outpatients (mean age: 55.8±12 years; 56% women) who were referred from Basic Health Units to Doctor Fernando Mauro Pires da Rocha Municipal Hospital to perform a resting 12-lead electrocardiogram for clinical follow-up. They answered a questionnaire and submitted the physical examination, fasting laboratory testing, transthoracic echocardiogram and 24-hour Holter monitoring, which were used to categorize the frequency of premature complexes. After the univariate analysis, logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the independent association among the variables. Premature atrial complexes ( >= 4/hour) were associated with age (odds ratio 1.030; confidence interval 95% 1.002 - 1.059; p=0.029), peptide natriuretic levels > 20mg/dL (odds ratio 4.489; confidence interval 95% 1.918 - 10.507; p=0.0005), intraventricular blocks (odds ratio 4.184; confidence interval 95% 1.861 - 9.406; p=0.0005) and left atrium diameter (odds ratio 1.065; confidence interval 95% 1.001 - 1.134; p=0.046). Premature ventricular complexes ( >= 5/hour) were associated with age (odds ratio 1.032; confidence interval 95% 1.010 - 1.054; p=0.004), the use of calcium channels blockers (odds ratio 2.248; confidence interval 95% 1.019 - 4.954; p=0.045), peptide natriuretic levels > 20mg/dL (odds ratio 2.079; confidence interval 95% 1.062 - 4.068; p=0.033), HDL-cholesterol levels (odds ratio 0.971; confidence interval 95% 0.951 - 0.992; p=0.007), heart rate (odds ratio 1.019; confidence interval 95% 1.001 - 1.038; p=0.041), left ventricle hypertrophy (odds ratio 2.292; confidence interval 95% 1.402 - 3.746; p=0.001) and left ventricle ejection fraction (odds ratio 0.938; confidence interval 95% 0.900 - 0.978; p=0.002). In our population, premature complexes were common findings on 24-hour Holter monitoring, but of low density. Frequent ectopic beats were associated with peptide natriuretic levels > 20mg/dL and lower levels of HDL-cholesterol; left atrial enlargement and ventricular hypertrophy were also identified on the echocardiograms of these patients, suggesting that target organ damage was due to uncontrolled arterial hypertension. Therefore, the identification of frequent premature complexes on 24-hour Holter monitor recording of outpatients in a primary public healthcare setting reaffirms the need for monitoring for the risk factors associated with this finding
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Giribela, Aricia Helena Galvão. "Avaliação da influência da menopausa no tamanho das partículas da HDL e na sua capacidade de receber lipídios de uma nanoemulsão semelhante à LDL." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5139/tde-23102007-111819/.
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Concentração de apolipoproteína A-1 (1.5±0.3; 1.5±0.2g/l). O tamanho da HDL também foi igual entre os dois grupos (8.8±0.8; 9.0±0.5 nm, respectivamente). A menopausa também não afetou a transferência de lípides da LDE para a HDL (em % total de radioatividade/10mg HDL/h), CE (0.5±0.3; 0.5±0.2, respectivamente), CL (0.9±0.2; 0.9±0.2), TG (0.6±0.2;0.6±0.2) e PL (3.0±0.7; 3.3±1.0). Conclusão: A menopausa não Introdução: A concentração plasmática da HDL é um fator de risco importante e independente para a prevenção da doença aterosclerótica, principalmente na mulher. Seu metabolismo e suas características estruturais e funcionais também têm sido estudados como fatores de risco. Neste estudo, foram comparadas mulheres de mesma faixa etária na pré e na pós-menopausa, para determinar a influência da menopausa sobre o tamanho da HDL e sobre a habilidade desta lipoproteína em receber lipídios de lipoproteínas doadoras, um processo que depende de proteínas de transferência e da composição e estrutura da HDL. Métodos: Vinte e duas mulheres saudáveis, normolipidêmicas na pré e dezoito na pós-menopausa, de idades entre 40-50 anos foram estudadas. Os grupos não diferiam em IMC, glicemia, colesterol total, LDL, triglicérides, apo A1 e apo B. Uma nanoemulsão artificial foi usada como modelo de LDL (LDE) para doar lípides para a HDL. LDE marcada radioativamente com 3 H-triglicérides (TG) e 14 C-colesterol livre (CL) ou 3 H- ésteres colesterol (CE) e 14 C-fosfolipídios (PL) foram incubados com as amostras de plasma por 1 hora. Após a precipitação química do sobrenadante contendo HDL, foi contada a radioatividade. O tamanho da HDL foi medido por espalhamento da luz laser. Resultados: A concentração da HDL nos dois grupos não diferiu, demonstrada pela concentração de HDL colesterol (61±12; 61±14 mg/dl respectivamente) e influenciou o tamanho das partículas HDL e um importante parâmetro funcional que é a habilidade da HDL de receber lipídios.Objective: HDL levels are important for atherosclerosis prevention especially in the female gender, but functional aspects of the lipoprotein are also important. In this study, post-menopausal were compared to pre-menopausal women in the same age range to determine the influence of menopause upon the HDL size and ability of the lipoprotein to receive lipids from donor lipoproteins, a process that depends on transfer proteins and on HDL composition and structure. Methods: Twenty-two pre and eighteen postmenopausal, healthy and normolipidemic women, aged 40-50 yr. Both groups did not differ in BMI and plasma glucose, total and HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and apo B concentration. An artificial nanoemulsion (LDE) was used as a model of LDL to donate lipids to HDL. LDE labeled with 3 H-triglicerides (TG) and 14 C-free cholesterol (FC) or 3 H-cholesteryl esters (CE) and 14 C-phospholipids (PL) incubated with plasma samples for 1h. After chemical precipitation, the supernatant containing HDL was counted for radioactivity. HDL size was measured by laser-light-scattering. Results: HDL concentration of pre and post menopausal women did not differ as estimated by HDL cholesterol (61±12; 61±14 mg/dl respectively) and apo A1 concentration (1.5±0.3; 1.5±0.2g/l). HDL size also did not differ (8.8±0.8; 9.0±0.5 nm, respectively). Menopause also did not affect the transfer of lipids from LDE to HDL (in % of total radioactivity/10mg HDL/h), namely CE (0.5±0.3; 0.5±0.2, respectively), FC (0.9±0.2; 0.9±0.2), TG (0.6±0.2;0.6±0.2) and PL (3.0±0.7; 3.3±1.0). Conclusion: The menopause does not affect the size and an important functional parameter that is the ability of HDL to receive lipids.
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Ribeiro, Rosa Adelaide Tavares. "Hipercolesterolemia em jovens adolescentes." Master's thesis, [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/2451.
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Trabalho apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Farmacêuticas.O colesterol encontra-se em todas as células do organismo humano. Se, por um lado, é vital, por exemplo, para a construção de novas células, por outro, pode acumular-se no nosso organismo, levando à deposição de gordura na parede das artérias. Encontra-se bem fundamentada a relação entre o aumento drástico de mortes por doença cardiovascular, nos países desenvolvidos, e o elevado nível de colesterol que se verifica em parte substancial da sua população. Sendo uma substância lipídica, necessita de transportadores específicos para circular no plasma, as lipoproteínas. Estas partículas designam-se de acordo com a sua densidade. As duas mais importantes são as lipoproteínas de alta densidade (HDL) e as lipoproteínas de baixa densidade (LDL). As primeiras têm como principal função remover o excesso de colesterol para o fígado. Pelo contrário, as segundas transportam o colesterol do fígado para as células. Este trabalho visa estudar a problemática da hipercolesterolemia, na população infantil e adolescente. Neste segmento populacional, esta condição assume especial importância, sobretudo quando se verifica a conjugação de altos níveis de LDL colesterol com baixos níveis de HDL colesterol, pelas consequências na saúde a longo prazo. O aumento muito significativo da hipercolesterolemia relaciona-se intimamente com o estilo de vida actual, que contempla diversos factores de risco, a serem analisados com detalhe ao longo do trabalho. Pela análise de uma grande variedade de dados estatísticos, procurou caracterizar-se cada um destes factores, no sentido de avaliar a sua efectiva contribuição para a prevalência da hipercolesterolemia, em crianças e jovens, e verificar a existência de possíveis correlações entre eles, que pudessem contribuir de forma decisiva para o aumento do risco. Cholesterol is found in all cells of the human organism. If, on the one hand, it is vital, for example, to build new cells, on the other hand, it can also accumulate in the body, leading to fat deposition in artery walls. There is a well-substantiated relationship between the dramatic increase in deaths caused by cardiovascular disease in developed countries and the high level of cholesterol occurring in a substantial share of its population. As a lipid substance, it requires specific transporters making it possible to circulate in plasma, designated lipoproteins. These particles are classified according to their density. The two most important are the high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and the low-density lipoproteins (LDL). The former are mainly responsible for removing the excess of cholesterol to the liver. On the contrary, the latter carry cholesterol from the liver to the cells. This work aims to study the problem of hypercholesterolemia in children and adolescents. In this population segment, this condition is of extraordinary importance, especially when there is a combination of high levels of LDL cholesterol with low levels of HDL cholesterol, because of the long term health consequences. The impressive increase of hypercholesterolemia is closely linked with the current lifestyle, which includes various risk factors, to be analyzed in detail throughout the paper. The analysis of a wide variety of statistical data seeked to characterize each of these factors, in order to assess their actual contribution to the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, in children and young people, and search for possible correlations between them, which could decisively contribute to increase the risk.
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Paavola, T. (Timo). "Associations of low HDL cholesterol level and premature coronary heart disease with functionality and phospholipid composition of HDL and with plasma oxLDL antibody levels." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526223360.
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Abstract Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a clinical manifestation of atherosclerosis. It is a major cause of mortality and morbidity both in Finland and globally. Even after the best known treatments a significant residual risk of CHD remains. A low plasma HDL cholesterol level (HDL, high-density lipoprotein) is a common lipid abnormality in patients affected by premature CHD and also a component of the metabolic syndrome, a cluster of risk factors for atherosclerosis associated with central obesity. In this study, a phenotype of low HDL cholesterol level and premature CHD was investigated in two Northern Finnish family populations. The aim was to find new biological factors accounting for the elevated CHD risk in the phenotype. In the subjects of family population I, plasma levels of antibodies (IgG, IgM, IgA) against experimental epitopes (malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde-modified, copper-oxidized) of oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) particles were measured. In the subjects of family population II, capacity of HDL fractions (total HDL, HDL2 and HDL3) to accept cholesterol from a THP-1 experimental foam cell model was assayed (cholesterol efflux). In addition, a phospholipid composition of their HDL fractions (HDL2 and HDL3) was measured using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antibody levels were not related to CHD or to HDL cholesterol level. Instead, the cholesterol efflux to HDL2 fraction was clearly impaired in CHD, which was associated with the low HDL cholesterol level of the patients. The impaired cholesterol efflux to HDL2 fraction was primarily in conjunction with the metabolic syndrome. The phospholipid composition of HDL fractions was different between the affected and the non-affected subjects. As an example, characteristic of the metabolic syndrome were elevated contents of palmitic, palmitoleic or oleic acids relative to linoleic acid in lysophosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylcholines. In conclusion, the HDL fraction is both functionally and compositionally modified in the phenotype of low HDL cholesterol level and premature CHD. Especially the cholesterol efflux capacity of the HDL2 fraction and thus its many functional properties may be impaired. There are many characteristic features in the phospholipid composition of the HDL in the phenotype which were detected in HDL2 and HDL3 fractionsTiivistelmä Sepelvaltimotauti on ateroskleroosin kliininen ilmenemismuoto. Se on merkittävimpiä kuolleisuuden ja sairastavuuden aiheuttajia niin Suomessa kuin maailmalla. Parhaillakin tunnetuilla hoidoilla sepelvaltimotaudille jää huomattava jäännösriski. Plasman matala HDL-kolesterolitaso (HDL, high-density lipoprotein) on yleinen lipidipoikkeavuus varhaista sepelvaltimotautia sairastavilla ja myös eräs metabolisen oireyhtymän, eli keskivartalolihavuuteen liittyvän ateroskleroosin riskitekijäkasauman, komponentti. Tässä väitöskirjassa tutkittiin matalan HDL-kolesterolitason ja varhaisen sepelvaltimotaudin fenotyyppiä kahdessa pohjoissuomalaisessa sukuaineistossa. Tavoitteena oli löytää uusia biologisia tekijöitä fenotyypin kohonneen sepelvatimotautiriskin taustalta. Ensimmäisen aineiston henkilöiden plasmasta mitattiin vasta-ainetasoja (IgG, IgM, IgA) LDL-hiukkasten (LDL, low-density lipoprotein) kokeellisia hapettuneita epitooppeja (malonidialdehydi-asetaldehydi-modioitu ja kuparilla hapetettu LDL) vastaan. Toisessa aineistossa mitattiin henkilöiden HDL-fraktioiden (kokonais-HDL, HDL2 ja HDL3) kykyä saada aikaan kolesterolin ulosvirtausta kokeellisesta THP-1 vaahtosolumallista. Lisäksi heidän HDL-fraktioidensa (HDL2, HDL3) fosfolipidikoostumus mitattiin nestekromatografi-massaspektrometri-laitteistolla. Vasta-ainetasot eivät liittyneet sepelvaltimotautiin tai HDL-kolesterolitasoon. Sen sijaan kolesterolin ulosvirtaus HDL2-fraktioon oli selkeästi alentunut sepelvaltimotaudissa, mikä liittyi potilaiden pieneen HDL-kolesterolipitoisuuteen. Alentunut ulosvirtaus HDL2-fraktioon liittyikin ensisijaisesti metaboliseen oireyhtymään. HDL-fraktioiden fosfolipidikoostumus erosi terveiden ja sairaiden välillä. Esimerkiksi metabolisessa oireryhtymässä tunnusomaista oli lysofosfatidyylikoliinien ja fosfatidyylikoliinien sisältämän palmitiinihapon, palmitoleiinihapon tai oleiinihapon suurentunut määrä suhteessa niiden sisältämän linoleenihapon määrään. Loppupäätelmä on, että matalan HDL-kolesterolitason ja varhaisen sepelvaltimotaudin fenotyypin HDL-fraktio on sekä toiminnaltaan että koostumukseltaan muuntunut. Erityisesti HDL2-fraktion kyky saada aikaan kolesterolin ulosvirtausta ja näin ollen sen monet toiminnalliset ominaisuudet voivat olla alentuneet. Fenotyypin HDL:n fosfolipidikoostumuksessa on monia tunnusomaisia piirteitä, joita havaittiin sekä HDL2- että HDL3-fraktiossa
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Rollin, Hélène. "Le ratio taille/hanches et le niveau de pratique d'activité physique comme indicateurs des taux de HDL et LDL chez les hommes hypercholestérolémiques." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/6642.
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Par cette recherche, nous voulons verifier si en ajoutant une mesure de ratio taille/hanches et une mesure du niveau de pratique d'activite physique aux activites regulieres de depistage de facteurs de risque de maladie cardiovasculaire, nous pourrons ameliorer notre capacite d'identifier les individus qui ont un risque accru de developper cette maladie. La litterature demontre les liens qui existent entre l'obesite abdominale determinee par le ratio taille/hanches, le niveau de pratique d'activite physique et les taux de HDL et de LDL. On reconnait egalement, qu'un taux de HDL inferieur a 0,9mmol/L et/ou qu'un taux de LDL superieur a 3,4 mmol/L jumeles a un taux de cholesterol total superieur ou egal a 5,2mmol/L constitue un risque accru de developper une maladie cardiovasculaire. Soixante-et-un (61) sujets masculins ages entre 35 et 64 ans ont participe a cette recherche. On a recueilli aupres de ceux-ci, de donnees de ratio taille/hanches, d'habitudes de vie, de pratique d'activite physique ainsi que des mesures de poids, taille et pression arterielle et des mesures sanguines de cholesterol total, de HDL, de LDL et de triglycerides. Les analyses de variance et le test de Tukey ne nous demontrent pas l'existence de differences significatives, des taux de HDL et LDL, entre les groupes d'hommes hypercholesterolemiques sedentaires et actifs et entre les hommes hypercholesterolemiques ayant un ratio taille/hanches eleve et bas.
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Martinet, Virginie. "Relation entre la structure et la fonction des lipoprotéines du jaune d'oeuf de poule (LDL et HDL) : caractérisation physico-chimique et propriétés émulsifiantes." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2015.
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L'objectif de cette thèse était de comprendre la contribution des différentes lipoprotéines (LDL et HDL) aux propriétés des émulsions à base de jaune d'oeuf de poule. Les LDL possèdent une acitivité émulsifiante bien supérieure à celle des HDL quelles que soient les conditions. Du fait de leur faible solubilité à pH acide et faible force ionique et de leur structure globulaire, les HDL s'adsorbent moins efficacement que les apoLDL, qui sont des protéines flexibles. Concernant la stabilité des émulsions, les apoLDL formeraient des films interfaciaux plus épais mais moins viscoélastiques que les HDL : les premières protègent plus efficacement les gouttelettes contre la floculation tandis que les HDL confèrent aux émulsions une meilleure résistance à la coalescence. .
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Kinchoku, Harumi. "Efeitos do aconselhamento nutricional em pacientes dislipidemicos segundo sexo, idade e tempo de tratamento." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/309024.
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Orientador: Eliana Cotta de FariaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Os principais determinantes da dieta que elevam as concentraçoes de LDL-C sao as gorduras saturadas, gorduras trans e, em menor grau, o colesterol da dieta. O aumento relativo na proporçao de carboidratos resulta em dislipidemia caracterizada pelo aumento das concentrações plasmáticas de TG e VLDL-C, baixas concentrações de HDL-C, razão C:HDL aumentada e, algumas vezes, a presença de partículas de LDL-C pequenas e densas.O propósito deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto do aconselhamento nutricional exclusivo em portadores de dislipidemias,verificando a resposta entre sexos e entre faixas etárias (<60 anos e = 60 anos) e a influência do tempo no tratamento (3,6 e 12 meses). Participaram do estudo 129 sujeitos, 56 homens e 73 mulheres com idade entre 20 a 73 anos sem uso de medicaçao hipolipemiante por no mínimo 30 dias antes e durante o tratamento, e com pelo menos três meses de seguimento nutricional. Para hipercolesterolemia foi orientada a restrição de gorduras saturadas (<7% do VET) e colesterol (<200 mg/dL) e, para hipertrigliceridemia a restriçao de carboidratos simples, bebidas alcoólicas e, restrição de gorduras totais (<20% do VET) para TG>300 mg/dL. Na presença de sobrepeso ou obesidade foi orientada dieta hipocalórica com redução gradativa das calorias. As concentrações de colesterol (C), LDL-C, e triglicérides (TG) foram significativamente reduzidas na população estudada em 14%, 5%, 30% respectivamente. No primeiro trabalho, em que foi avaliada a influência do tempo de aconselhamento nutricional comparado ao período basal, as respostas significativas às orientações dietéticas com três meses foram: para C (-16%), LDL-C (-0,1%) e não HDL-C (-19%); com seis meses para C (-13%), TG (-30%), LDL-C (-9%), nao HDL-C (-17%), Castelli I (-14%) e Castelli II (-4%) e, com 12 meses para C (-14%), TG (-27%) e Castelli I (-13%). As concentrações plasmáticas de HDL-C e o peso corporal não se modificaram. Entre os sexos (trabalho 2) foi observado uma redução de 16% para C e 36% para TG em homens, e de 12% para C, 12% para LDL-C, e 26% para TG nas mulheres e, entre faixa etária de 15% para C, 2% para LDL-C e 33% para TG nos adultos e 14% para C nos idosos. O aumento na concentração de HDL-C foi significativa em homens em relação às mulheres (+5% e -4 %) com hiperlipidemia mista.Todos os participantes responderam ao aconselhamento nutricional reduzindo as concentrações de C, TG, LDL-C e a nao HDL-C. O tempo de orientação dietética não modificou as respostas em lípides e lipoproteínas plasmáticos; sendo o tempo de três meses suficiente para observar os efeitos benéficos da dieta. Um maior número de parâmetros foi reduzido com seis meses indicando que a partir de sexto mês houve um efeito mais abrangente da dieta. Homens e adultos foram mais responsivos à orientação nutricional. As respostas foram maiores que os coeficientes de variação biológico para cada parâmetro avaliado exceto para LDL-C.Recomenda-se a aplicação desta experiência terapêutica positiva em outros Serviços de Saúde por se tratar de uma terapia de baixo custo podendo também contribuir na prevenção e controle de doença cardiovascular
Abstract: The strongest dietary determinants of elevated LDL cholesterol concentrations are dietary saturated fatty acid and trans fatty acid intakes to a lesser extent, dietary cholesterol and excess body weight The aim of the present study was to evaluate the responses plasma lipid to nutritional counseling on dyslipidemic outpatients and analyze their responses by gender and age and analyzing the influence of time (3, 6 and 12 months) of treatment. One-hundred and twenty nine dyslipidemic subjects i.e. 56 males and 73 females aged 20 - 73 years comprised this study. No medication was used 30 days before and during following the diet as part of the inclusion criteria. Patients with hypercholesterolemia were oriented to follow the NCEP step 2 diet, and those with hypertriglyceridemia were oriented to restrict simple carbohydrates and alcoholic beverage and, in presence of TG >300 mg/dl, to use low fat diet (=20%). After nutritional counseling plasma cholesterol (C) concentrations, LDL-C, and triglycerides (TG) were significantly reduced in the population sample by (14%, 5%, 30%), respectively. The response were significant after 3 months for C (-16%), LDL-C (-0,1%) and NHDL-C (-19%), after 6 months for C (-13%), TG (-30%), LDL-C (-9%), NHDL-C (-17%), Castelli I (-14%) and Castelli II (-4%) and, after 12 months for C (-14%), TG (-27%) and Castelli I (-13%). No change was detected in plasma HDL-cholesterol and body weight, after nutritional counseling. Between sexes plasma concentrations reduced for C and TG by 16%, and 36% in men, and by 12% and 26% and 12% for LDL-C in women, and between age by 15% to C, 2% to LDL-C and 33% to TG in middle age and, 14% for C in elderly people. HDL cholesterol concentration was significantly higher in men than in women with mixed hyperlipidemia (+5% and -4 %). All participants responded to nutritional counseling reducing C, TG, LDL-C, NHDL-C, LDL-C. The nutritional counseling time did not modify the responses of plasma lipids and lipoproteins. After 3 months, beneficial effects of the diet were observed, and the higher number of parameters were reduced after 6 month showing a broader actions of diet. Men and adults patients presented better responses to nutritional counseling. The responses to nutritional counseling were higher than coefficient biology variation for each parameter evaluated except to LDL-C. We recommend this positive experience is recommended to other Health Service because is low cost treatment and also contribute in prevention and control of risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Mestrado
Ciencias Basicas
Mestre em Clinica Medica
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Zakiev, Emil. "Omics of human plasma lipoproteins : role in cardiometabolic diseases." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS436.
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Omics vise à la caractérisation et à la quantification collectives de pools de molécules biologiques qui traduisent notre compréhension de la structure et de la fonction d'un organisme ou d'une partie de celui-ci. Les lipoprotéines plasmatiques humaines jouent un rôle important dans le développement de la résistance à l'insuline, de la dyslipidémie, de l'hypertension, de l'adiposité centrale et de maladie cardiovasculaire (MCV), le tout collectivement appelé maladie cardiométabolique (MCM). En effet, on sait que la diminution des taux de cholestérol lipoprotéine de haute densité (LHD) et l’augmentation des taux de cholestérol lipoprotéine de basse densité (LBD) sont associées à un risque accru de MCM. En dépit des succès enregistrés dans le développement de médicaments normalisant les taux de cholestérol-LBD (C-LBD), les MCM représentent toujours la majorité de morbidité et des décès dans les pays développés. Nos nouvelles tentatives de réduction du risque de MCM ne réussissent pas toujours, reflétant parmi d'autres notre méconnaissance de biologie des lipoprotéines qui inclut la fonction biologique et les caractéristiques de composition des particules de lipoprotéine lequel les rendent distinctement indispensables pour les conditions métaboliques saines. Ce travail porte sur la lipidomique et la glycomique des LHD et LBD plasmatiques chez l'humain en ce qui concerne leurs fonctions biologiques chez les sujets sains et les patients atteints de MCM, comprenant déficit familial en apoA-I (DFAI) - dyslipidémie déterminée génétiquement entraînant un risque cardiovasculaire élevé, et infarctus du myocarde avec élévation du segment ST (IMEST), une présentation aiguë des MCVOmics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of pools of biological molecules that translate into our understanding of the structure and function of an organism and/or its components. Human plasma lipoproteins play important roles in the development of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, central adiposity and cardiovascular disease (CVD), all collectively referred to as cardiometabolic disease (CMD). Indeed, decreased levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol (HDL-C) and increased levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol (LDL-C) are known to be associated with an increased risk of CMD. Despite successes in the development of drugs normalizing LDL-C levels, CMD still account for the majority of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. Our further attempts in decreasing CMD risk do not always succeed reflecting among others our poor grasp of lipoprotein biology which includes, as key elements, biological function and compositional features of lipoprotein particles that make them distinctly indispensable for healthy metabolic conditions. Major advances have been made in our understanding of the proteome of HDL and LDL, while their lipidome and glycome has not enjoyed much attention of scientific community. This thesis focuses on lipidomics and glycomics of human plasma HDL and LDL in respect to their biological functions in healthy subjects and in patients with CMD, including familial apoA-I deficiency (FAID), a genetically determined dyslipidemia resulting in elevated cardiovascular (CV) risk, and ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI), an acute presentation of CVD
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Durand, Oscátegui Edwin Andrés, and Ochoa María Jesús Romaní. "Determinación del síndrome metabólico en alumnos de las instituciones educativas N.º 1136 John F. Kennedy y N.º 1209 Toribio de Luzuriaga de la zona Salamanca - Valdiviezo - Olimpo del distrito de Ate – Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12672/4363.
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La obesidad infantil es un importante problema de salud pública mundial, por su prevalencia y disminución de calidad de vida, transformándose en un factor de riesgo importante de morbimortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular en la edad adulta. En el Perú, una de las principales causas de mortalidad cardiovascular en adultos y la creciente incidencia en niños y adolescentes se encuentra asociada al Síndrome Metabólico (SM), relacionada a factores de riesgo como obesidad, resistencia insulínica, hipertensión y dislipidemias. Por esta razón nos propusimos determinar la presencia de SM en niños y adolescentes escolares de 8 a 17 años de edad. Se estudió una población de 100 alumnos, 55 del género femenino y 45 del masculino, de dos (2) Instituciones Educativas de la zona Salamanca-Valdiviezo-Olimpo del distrito de Ate-Lima. La metodología del presente estudio estimó realizar pruebas antropométricas (peso, talla, circunferencia de la cintura, IMC), medición de la presión arterial y pruebas bioquímicas para determinar valores séricos de colesterol, HDL, LDL, triglicéridos y glucosa. Para la determinación del Síndrome Metabólico se utilizó la tabla de Must y col. en referencia al Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) con los siguientes criterios diagnósticos: Sobrepeso, de p85 a p95 (percentil), Obeso, > p95 (percentil); además se utilizó las recomendaciones de Cook. y col. que establece: déficit de Colesterol HDL : < = 40 mg/dL, Colesterol LDL elevados : > = 110 mg/dL, Triglicéridos elevados : > = 110 mg/dL; Glucosa elevada (en ayunas) : > = 110 mg/dL y Presión Arterial elevada (Hipertensión) : > = p90 (percentil). La presencia de tres o más factores en la población estudiada indicaría la existencia de Síndrome Metabólico. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos, el 6 % de la población estudiada presentó síndrome Metabólico, encontrándose una mayor frecuencia entre los alumnos de 12 a 17 años de edad (83,3 %) y de 8 a 11 años (16,7 %), todos ellos del género masculino quienes presentaron como factor principal la obesidad (34 %), Colesterol HDL (31 %), Triglicéridos (11 %) y Presión Arterial (9 %), en ningún caso se presentó hiperglicemia.Tesis
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Pons, Olivier. "Infusions de thés et santé : Dyslipidémie ˸ protocole d'étude du thé Hao Ling® chez des sujets atteints d'hypercholestérolémie. : Effet hypolipémiant de Camellia sinensis (Hao Ling® Tea) chez des sujets atteints d'hypercholestérolémie non traités par statine : protocole d'étude pour un essai randomisé, en double aveugle, contrôlé par placebo." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023TOUL1001.
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Effets lipotropes des molécules antioxydantes du thé (Camellia sinensis) sur la maladie hépatique chronique la plus courante dans les pays industrialisés car elle est fortement associée à la dyslipidémie liée au développement. A ce jour, les mécanismes de la pathologie restent mal définis et les moyens thérapeutiques disponibles ont une efficacité modérée. Des études épidémiologiques ont rapporté un effet bénéfique de la consommation de thé dans la lutte contre les troubles hépatiques et les facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires tels que la dyslipidémie. Cependant, les mécanismes par lesquels un mélange de thé vert, de thé oolong et de thé Pu-Erh, le thé Hao Ling, réduit le foie gras et la dyslipidémie restent inconnus. Par conséquent, l'objectif de cette thèse était d'évaluer les effets et les mécanismes d'action du thé Hao Ling sur le cholestérol et la dyslipidémie, à travers deux approches, l'une sur le modèle cellulaire et l'autre sur le modèle animal. Nos résultats montrent que le thé Hao Ling réduit la lipogenèse hépatique in vitro et in vivo et atténue ainsi la stéatose induite par un régime riche en graisses et en saccharose élevé dans un modèle de rat. Nous avons observé que ce thé améliore le profil lipidique sanguin en augmentant les taux plasmatiques de HDL. Nous avons également pu mettre en évidence que le thé possède des propriétés antioxydantes et hépato-protectrices pour contrer un inducteur de stress oxydatif in vitro et diminuer la peroxydation lipidique in vivo. Enfin, nous avons montré que le stress oxydatif en soi entraînait une accumulation de lipides intracellulaires dans les hépatocytes isolés et que le thé, en raison de ses propriétés antioxydantes, empêchait ce phénomène. Le thé Hao Ling est une bonne approche nutritionnelle pour prévenir le cholestérol et maintenir le ratio LDL / HDLLipotropic effects of antioxidant molecules of tea (Camellia sinensis) on the most common chronic liver disease in industrialized countries because being strongly associated with the development related dyslipidaemia. To date, the mechanisms of pathology remain poorly defined and available therapeutic means have moderate efficacy. Epidemiological studies have reported a beneficial effect of tea consumption in the fight against liver disorders and cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidaemia. However, the mechanisms by which a blend of green tea, oolong tea and Pu-erh tea, Hao Ling tea, reduces fatty liver and dyslipidaemia remain unknown. Therefore, the objective of this thesis was to evaluate the effects and mechanisms of action of Hao Ling tea on cholesterol and dyslipidaemia, through two approaches, one on cellular model and the other on animal model. Our results show that Hao Ling tea reduces the hepatic lipogenesis in vitro and in vivo and thus attenuates steatosis induced by a high fat-high sucrose diet in a rat model. We observed that this tea improves the blood lipid profile by increasing plasma HDL levels. We were also able to highlight that tea owns antioxidant and hepato-protective properties to counteract an inducer of oxidative stress in vitro and to decrease lipid peroxidation in vivo. Finally, we have shown that the oxidative stress per se resulted in an accumulation of intracellular lipid in isolated hepatocytes and that the tea, due to its antioxidant properties, prevented this phenomenon. The Hao Ling tea is a good nutritional approach in preventing Cholestérol and to maintain LDL/HDL ratio
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Sara, Saglamoglu. "Varannandagsfasta: en effektiv strategi för bättre hälsa? : En litteraturstudie om varannandagsfastans effekt på kroppsvikt samt kardiovaskulära riskfaktorer." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97950.
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Bakgrund: Fetma och övervikt är ett av de största hälsoproblemen runt om i världen. Vid fetma och övervikt ökar risken för olika sjukdomar, bland annat kranskärlssjukdomar. Kardiovaskulära sjukdomar var den främsta dödsorsaken världen över år 2016. En viktnedgång på 5 – 10 % av kroppsvikten, genom dietära restriktioner, kan minska risken för kranskärlssjukdomar. Varannandagsfasta är en metod som begränsar en individs energiintag med 70–100% varannan dag och varannan dag konsumerar individen vad den behagar. Syfte: Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att sammanställa vilken effekt varannandagsfasta har på kroppsvikt samt olika kardiovaskulära riskfaktorer. Metod: En systematisk litteraturstudie utfördes där artiklar söktes efter i databasen PubMed med sökordet ”alternate day fasting”. Resultat: Totalt tio studier inkluderades i litteraturstudien. Samtliga studier gav en signifikant viktnedgång. Triglycerid- och LDL-halten sjönk signifikant i sex utav tio studier. HDL-halterna ökade inte i samband med varannandagsfasta. Totalkolesterolet sjönk signifikant i fem studier. Det systoliska blodtrycket sjönk signifikant i fem utav nio grupper och det diastoliska blodtrycket sjönk i tre grupper. Slutsats: Varannandagsfasta kan vara en effektiv strategi för bättre hälsa, då varannandagsfasta kan ge viktnedgång och minska riskfaktorer som LDL, triglycerider och totalkolesterol samt att varannandagsfasta möjligen även kan sänka blodtrycket. Mer forskning behövs med längre studietid och större studiepopulationer för att fastställa sambandet mellan varannandagsfasta och kardiovaskulära riskfaktorer.Background: Obesity and overweight is one of the world’s largest health problems. Obesity and overweight increase the risk of developing different diseases, such as coronary heart diseases. Cardiovascular diseases were the leading cause of death globally in 2016. A moderate weight loss of 5–10% by means of dietary restrictions, has been shown to lower the risk of coronary heart disease. Alternate day fasting is a dietary strategy that restricts the energy intake by 70–100% every other day and every other day the individual is permitted to consume food ad libitum. Aim: The aim of this study is to compile the effects of alternate day fasting on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors. Method: A systematic literature study was conducted. The literature search was performed in the database PubMed using the term ”alternate day fasting”. Result: In total there were ten studies included in this literature study. A significant weight loss was achieved in all studies. The concentration of triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly in six out of ten studies. Alternate day fasting did not increase HDL-cholesterol. The total cholesterol significantly decreased in five studies. The systolic blood pressure decreased significantly in five out of nine groups and the diastolic blood pressure decreased in three groups. Conclusion: The findings indicate that alternate day fasting may be an effective strategy to improve health by reducing body weight, LDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and triglycerides and might possibly lower the blood pressure. Future research with longer study duration and larger sample size is needed to determine the relationship between alternate day fasting and cardiovascular risk factors.
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Muller, Carole. "Apoptose, stress du réticulum endoplasmique et autophagie induits par les LDL oxydées dans les cellules vasculaires : rôle protecteur des HDL et de chaperones du RE." Toulouse 3, 2011. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1302/.
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L'athérosclérose est une pathologie multi-factorielle complexe à évolution lente caractérisée par la formation de lésions dans la paroi des artères. Le remodelage de la paroi vasculaire est associé à des réactions inflammatoires, des processus de prolifération et de mort cellulaire. Parmi les facteurs pro-athérogènes associés au développement des lésions, les lipoprotéines de basse densité (LDL) jouent un rôle prépondérant, de par leur oxydation dans l'intima. Les LDL oxydées (LDLox) sont impliquées dans la formation des lésions primaires (stries lipidiques) et possèdent des propriétés inflammatoires et apoptotiques qui pourraient participer aux phénomènes d'érosion et de rupture de plaque à l'origine des événements thrombotiques de la maladie. A l'inverse, les lipoprotéines de haute densité (HDL), ont des propriétés anti-athérogènes qui pourraient ralentir la progression des lésions. Les LDLox induisent une apoptose des cellules vasculaires, impliquant une dérégulation de l'homéostasie calcique et l'induction du stress du réticulum endoplasmique (RE). Les travaux actuels montrent que le stress du RE et l'apoptose s'accompagnent d'une réponse autophagique qui jouerait un rôle dans la survie cellulaire. Notre travail de thèse a été focalisé sur le rôle du stress du RE et de l'autophagie dans l'apoptose des cellules vasculaires induite par les LDLox, et l'effet protecteur des HDL. Dans une première partie, nous avons montré que le stress du RE est impliqué dans l'apoptose des cellules endothéliales microvasculaires HMEC-1, via l'induction du facteur proapoptotique CHOP (C/EBP homologous protein) et l'activation de la voie IRE1 (Inositol requiring kinase 1)/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), qui sont spécifiques du stress du RE. De façon concomitante au stress du RE, nous montrons que les LDLox induisent une réponse autophagique caractérisée par l'augmentation de la forme LC3-II et l'induction de la Beclin-1. L'autophagie pourrait participer à la phagocytose des cellules apoptotiques, en favorisant l'exposition des phosphatidylsérines (PS) à la surface cellulaire. Les HDL inhibent l'induction du stress du RE par les LDLox, en bloquant l'activation des senseurs IRE1a, ATF6 et du substrat de PERK eiF2a, de même que l'activation de JNK et l'induction de CHOP. Les HDL bloquent aussi la réponse autophagique et l'exposition des PS induite par les LDLox. L'activation du stress du RE et de l'autophagie par les LDLox dépend d'une dérégulation de l'homéostasie calcique intracellulaire qui est inhibée par les HDL. Dans une deuxième partie, nous avons étudié l'implication d'une chaperone du RE, la Protéine Disulfide Isomérase (PDI), dans l'apoptose induite par les LDLox. Les LDLox induisent une inhibition progressive de l'activité PDI dans les HMEC-1 et les monocytes/macrophages U937, qui pourrait jouer un rôle dans l'apoptose. L'inhibition de PDI par les LDLox dépend en partie de sa modification par les produits de la peroxydation lipidique, présents dans les LDLox comme le 4-hydroxynonénal (4-HNE) qui forment des adduits sur PDI et modifient son activité. Des adduits de 4-HNE sur PDI sont aussi détectés dans des plaques athérosclérotiques humaines suggérant une perte de fonction de PDI dans les lésionsAtherosclerosis is a multifactorial disease characterized by slowly progressive lesion formation in the arteries. The remodeling of the vascular wall is associated with inflammatory reactions, processes of proliferation and cell death. Among pro-atherogenic factors associated with lesion development, low density lipoprotein (LDL) play a key role, by their oxidation in the intima. Oxidized LDL (oxLDL) are involved in the formation of primary lesions (fatty streaks) and inflammatory and apoptotic properties that could contribute to erosion and plaque rupture at the origin of severe thrombotic disease. Conversely, high density lipoprotein (HDL), have anti-atherogenic properties that could slow the progression of lesions. The oxLDL induce apoptosis of vascular cells, involving deregulation of calcium homeostasis and induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER). The current work shows that ER stress and apoptosis are accompanied by an autophagic response that may play a role in cell survival. This work was focused on the role of ER stress and autophagy in apoptosis of vascular cells induced by oxLDL, and the protective effect of HDL. In the first part, we showed that ER stress is involved in apoptosis of microvascular endothelial cells HMEC-1, via induction of ER stress specific proapoptotic factor CHOP (C / EBP homologous protein). Indeed, HMEC-1 treated with siRNA specific for CHOP, as well as fibroblasts derived from CHOP-KO mice are resistant to apoptosis induced by oxLDL. Moreover, the apoptotic role of ER stress is characterized by the activation of the IRE1a (inositol requiring kinase 1) / c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Concomitantly with ER stress, we show that oxLDL induce an autophagic response characterized by increased LC3-II form and the induction of Beclin-1. Autophagy may be involved in phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, promoting the exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the cell surface. HDLs inhibit the induction of ER stress by oxLDL, blocking the activation of sensors IRE1 and ATF6 (activating transcription factor), as well as the activation of JNK and induction of CHOP. Similarly, HDL block the autophagic response and the PS exposure induced by oxLDL. Activation of ER stress and autophagy by oxLDL depends on a deregulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis which is inhibited by HDL. HDL inhibit the oxLDL propapoptotique signaling, probably via inhibition of intracellular oxidative stress. In a second part, we investigated the involvement of a chaperone of the ER, the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in apoptosis induced by oxLDL. The oxLDL induced a progressive inhibition of PDI activity in HMEC-1 and monocytes / macrophages, U937, which could play a role in apoptosis. Indeed, inhibition of PDI by bacitracin or by transfection of a vector encoding a PDI mutated at the site enzyme potentiates the induction of CHOPmRNA and apoptosis induced by oxLDL. The inhibition of PDI by oxLDL depends in part on its modification by lipid peroxidation products present in oxLDL such as 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) that form adducts on PDI and modify its activity. An antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) reverse the inhibitory effect of oxLDL on the enzymatic activity of PDI and prevents apoptosis. Adducts of 4-HNE on PDI were detected in human atherosclerotic plaques suggesting a loss of function of PDI in the lesions
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Dupuy-Esnault, Christine. "Relation entre le cholestérol libre des HDL et des LDL et la secretion biliaire du cholestérol et des sels biliaires : influence de divers régimes hyperlipidiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986AIX22066.
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Dupuy-Esnault, Christine. "Relation entre le cholestérol libre des HDL et des LDL et la secrétion biliaire du cholestérol et des sels biliaires influence de divers régimes hyperlipidiques." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375973953.
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Souza, Juliana. "Heterogeneidade e mecanismos moleculares da atividade anti-apoptótica das subfrações de HDL em células endoteliais humanas." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066726.
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Mendonça, Eliane de Paula. "Transtorno do Estresse Pós-Traumático e alterações lipídicas." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=7068.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO transtorno do estresse pós-traumático (TEPT) e alterações lipídicas são as temáticas principais dessa Dissertação. Seu objetivo principal foi investigar a associação entre o TEPT e as concentrações séricas de colesterol total (CT), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL), lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) e triglicerídeos (TG) através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura seguida de metanálise. Adicionalmente, a relação entre essas variáveis lipídicas e os grupos de sintomas do TEPT revivescência, esquiva/entorpecimento emocional e hiperestimulação autonômica foi avaliada em um segundo estudo com dados primários. A metanálise incluiu 18 artigos, totalizando 2.110 indivíduos com TEPT e 17.550 indivíduos sem TEPT. As diferenças de médias ponderadas (DMP) mg/dL dos parâmetros lipídicos foram calculadas por modelos de efeitos aleatórios e modelos de meta-regressão foram ajustados para investigar possíveis fontes de heterogeneidade. O estudo encontrou que o TEPT foi associado a um pior perfil lipídico quando comparados a controles sem o transtorno (DMPCT= 20,57, IC 95% 12,21 28,93; DMPLDL= 12,11, IC 95% 5,89 18,32; DMPHDL= -3,73, IC 95% -5,97 -1,49; DMPTG= 35,87, IC 95% 21,12 50,61). A heterogeneidade estatística entre os resultados dos estudos foi alta para todos os parâmetros lipídicos e a variável que mais pareceu explicar essas inconsistências foi idade. O segundo artigo faz parte de um estudo maior conduzido em 2004 com 157 policiais do sexo masculino do Batalhão de Choque da Polícia Militar do Estado de Goiás (BPMCHOQUE). Somente oficiais de férias ou em dispensa inclusive dispensa médica não foram avaliados. O instrumento utilizado para o rastreio do TEPT foi a versão em português para civis da Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL-C). Trinta e nove participantes (25%) foram excluídos do estudo: dois porque falharam no preenchimento dos questionários e 37 cujas amostras de sangue não foram coletadas por vários motivos. Neste trabalho, encontrou-se uma forte correlação positiva entre as concentrações séricas de CT e LDL com o grupo de sintomas de hiperestimulação autonômica, somente no grupo TEPT: ρ= 0,89 (p<0,01) e ρ =0,92 (p<0,01), respectivamente. Em suma, espera-se que os resultados dessa Dissertação possam colaborar para o estabelecimento de um melhor acompanhamento clínico de pacientes com TEPT, particularmente porque estes parecem estar sob um maior risco de doenças cardiovasculares devido a um pior perfil lipídico.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and lipid profile changes are the main themes of this Dissertation, whose main purpose was to investigate the association between PTSD and serum lipid concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Triglycerides (TGs). Additionally, the relationship between these serum lipid parameters and PTSD symptom clusters - re-experiencing, avoidance and hyperarousal was assessed in a second study with primary data. The meta-analysis included 18 articles, for an overall number of 2,110 people with PTSD and 17,550 individuals without PTSD. Pooled weighted mean differences (WMD) - mg/dL - of serum lipid parameters were calculated using random effects model and meta-regression models were fitted to investigate the sources of heterogeneity. The study showed that PTSD was associated with worsened lipid profile when compared to controls without PTSD (DMPCT= 20.57, IC 95% 12.21 28.93; DMPLDL= 12.11, IC 95% 5.89 18.32; DMPHDL= -3.73, IC 95% -5.97 -1.49; DMPTG= 35.87, IC 95% 21.12 50.61). Statistical heterogeneity between the results of the studies was high for all lipid parameters and the variable that most explained these inconsistencies was age. The second article is part of a larger study conducted in 2004 with 157 active duty male police officers of an elite unit of the Police Force of the State of Goiás-Brazil (BPMCHOQUE). Only officers on vacation or on leave including those on sick leave were not assessed. The diagnostic tool applied to screen for PTSD was a Portuguese version of the PTSD Checklist Civilian Version (PCL-C). Thirty nine (25%) participants were excluded: 2 respondents who failed to fill out the questionnaires and 37 whose blood samples were not collected for various reasons. The study found a significant and strong positive correlation between TC and LDL-C with hyperarousal symptom cluster, only in the full PTSD group: ρ= 0.89 (p<.01) and ρ= 0.92 (p<.01), respectively. As a synthesis, the results found in this Dissertation can contribute to a better clinical follow-up of PTSD patients, especially because they appear to be at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases due to worsened serum lipid profile.
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Lottin, Hélène. "Proteine de transfert des esters de cholesterol (cetp) et mouvements des lipides neutres entre lipoproteines de haute et basse densite : role des enzymes lipolytiques affectant les hdl." Angers, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ANGE0508.
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Duranthon, Véronique. "Interactions spécifiques des HDL et des LDL avec la membrane basolaterale des cellules épithéliales intestinales chez le porc : caractérisation et effets d'un régime déficient en acides gras essentiels." Paris 7, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA077319.
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Ngqaneka, Thobile. "The impact of Niacin on PCSK9 levels in vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops)." University of Western Cape, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7931.
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Magister Pharmaceuticae - MPharmCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as ischaemic heart diseases, heart failure and stroke remain a major cause of death globally. Various deep-rooted factors influence CVD development; these include but are not limited to elevated blood lipids, high blood pressure, obesity and diabetes. A considerable number of proteins are involved directly and indirectly in the transport, maintenance and elimination of plasma lipids, including high and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C). There are several mechanisms involved in the removal of LDL particles from systemic circulation. One such mechanism is associated with the gene that encodes proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), which has become an exciting therapeutic target for the reduction of residual risk of CVDs. Currently, statins are the mainstay treatment to reduce LDL-C, and a need exists to further develop more effective LDL-C-lowering drugs that might supplement statins. This study was aimed at contributing to the generation of knowledge regarding the effect of niacin in reducing LDL levels through PCSK9 interaction.
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Souza, Juliana Ascenção de. "Heterogeneidade e mecanismos moleculares da atividade anti-apoptótica das subfrações de HDL em células endoteliais humanas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5131/tde-19042011-144741/.
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Introdução: A lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL) e suas formas oxidadas (LDLox) possuem múltiplas propriedades aterogênicas, atuando na deposição de colesterol, indução e manutenção da inflamação, disfunção endotelial, surgimento de células espumosas na parede arterial e conseqüente formação da placa de ateroma. Adicionalmente, LDLox induz apoptose de células endoteliais humanas (HMEC). A lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) possui inúmeras atividades antiaterogênicas, incluindo ações antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e anti-trombótica. A HDL é capaz de proteger as HMEC contra apoptose. As subfrações de HDL (sHDL) são heterogêneas em sua composição físico-química e atividades biológicas. A atividade antioxidante das sHDL aumenta com a densidade (HDL2bBackground: Low density lipoprotein (LDL) and its oxidized forms (oxLDL) have several atherogenic properties, including cholesterol deposition, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and foam cell formation on the arterial wall, leading to atherosclerotic plaque development. In addition, oxLDL induces human endothelial cell apoptosis (HMEC). High-density lipoprotein (HDL) has number of antiatherogenic activities, as antioxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic actions. HDL displays anti-apoptotic activity and is able to protect endothelial cells against oxLDL-induced apoptosis. HDL subfractions (sHDL) are highly heterogeneous in their physical and chemical composition and biological functions. Antioxidative activity of HDL subfractions increases with increment in density, HDL2b
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Olsson, Frida. "Glucose and its association with metabolic factors and biomarkers in patients experiencing symptomatic knee osteoarthritis : A cross-sectional study." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-36856.
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Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is a long-term chronic disease that affects the joints and creates stiffness, pain and impaired movement. Knee osteoarthritis is the most common form of OA and affects all tissues of the joint, including bone, muscles, synovia, and cartilage. Previously, OA was accepted as only an age- or mechanical stress-related degenerative joint disease, but more recent studies suggest that OA is a heterogenous disease including inflammatory, hormonal and metabolic factors such as abdominal obesity (visceral fat), lipids (cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides) and glucose. Aim The aim was to investigate the association of metabolic factors including fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL, visceral fat, CRP and radiographic KOA in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Methods Data were acquired from 91patients in the ages 30 – 63 experiencing symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. All subjects where divided into two groups depending on their level of fasting glucose, high versus low. Group I (n=26) had high glucose levels ≥5,6 mg/L and group II (n=65) had low glucose levels <5,6 mg/L. Levels of HbA1c, lipids, visceral fat, CRP and radiographic KOA were then compared between the groups. Levels of fasting glucose, HbA1c and lipids (triglycerides, cholesterol, LDL, HDL) were analyzed by an accredited laboratory at the hospital of Halmstad by the department for labmedicine. CRP levels < 1 mg/L were manually analyzed with the sandwich ELISA method (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), which measures high-sensitive CRP (hsCRP) in serum. Visceral fat area was measured through bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) with InBody 770 and radiographs of the knees to obtain information about OA. Results There was a significant difference between the two groups in HbA1c, triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL p<0,05. Group I with high fasting glucose levels showed higher significant values of HbA1c, triglycerides, cholesterol and LDL than group II with low fasting glucose levels. 23% of all subjects met the requirement for metabolic syndrome according to IDF. Conclusion The findings in this study is in line with previous research and suggest that high glucose levels are associated with elevation of other metabolic factors in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, there are several other interacting factors beyond the scope of this study, which may explain causalities. According to the findings in this study and previous research, obesity and metabolic syndrome could explain some of the connections between metabolic factors and knee osteoarthritis. Thus, further research is necessary to understand how all these metabolic factors are associated with osteoarthritis and obtain deeper knowledge about the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the disease.Detection and prediction of disease course in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis
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Chandran, Pillai Aiswarya Lekshmi Pillai. "Bisphenol-A and the Metabolic Syndrome: Analyses using the 2005-2010 adult NHANES data." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1339717737.
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Oliveira, Julicristie Machado de. "Efeito dos ácidos graxos ômega-3 de origem marinha em parâmetros bioquímicos, antropométricos e inflamatórios de adultos que vivem com HIV em terapia antirretroviral: revisão da literatura e ensaio clínico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6138/tde-27052011-105941/.
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Introdução: A terapia antirretroviral (ART) mudou o curso da Aids, porém está associada a alterações metabólicas e aumento do risco de doenças cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Avaliar o efeito da suplementação com ácidos graxos ômega-3 de origem marinha no perfil lipídico, na homeostase da glicose, na distribuição de gordura corporal e nos marcadores inflamatórios de adultos com HIV em ART. Métodos: Artigo 1. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática da literatura com metanálise. Realizou-se busca por ensaios clínicos na base de dados PubMed; 33 artigos foram localizados, seis cumpriram os critérios de inclusão e quatro apresentavam qualidade metodológica adequada. Foi realizada metanálise com efeitos fixos e descrição das diferenças de médias sumárias (DMS (IC95 por cento )). Artigos 2 e 3. Trata-se de um ensaio clínico aleatorizado e controlado. Foram recrutados 120 adultos com idade entre 19 e 64 anos, de ambos os sexos. Os indivíduos alocados no grupo intervenção foram suplementados por 24 semanas com 3g de óleo de peixe/dia (900mg de ácidos graxos ômega-3) e indivíduos alocados no grupo controle receberam placebo (óleo de soja). Resultados: Artigo 1. Após 8-16 semanas de intervenção com 900-3360mg de ácidos graxos ômega-3/dia, observou-se redução de -80,34mg/dL (IC 95 por cento : -129,08 a -31,60) nas concentrações de triglicérides. A análise agregada de estudos com média de concentração de triglicérides > 300mg/dL no baseline e intervenção com 1800-2900mg de ácidos graxos ômega-3/dia resultou em redução de -129,72mg/dL (IC95 por cento : -206,54 a -52,91). Artigos 2 e 3. Foram considerados nas análises dados de 83 sujeitos. Os modelos multinível não revelaram relação estatisticamente significante entre a suplementação com óleo de peixe e as mudanças longitudinais nas concentrações de triglicérides (p=0,335), LDL-C (p= 0,078), HDL-C (p=0,383), colesterol total (p=0,072), apo B (p=0,522), apo A1 (p=0,420), razão LDL-C/apo B (p=0,107), índice homa-2 IR (p=0,387), IMC (p=0,068), circunferência da cintura (p=0,128), relação cintura/quadril (p=0,359), PCR ultra sensível (p=0,918), fibrinogênio (p=0,148), e fator VIII (p=0,073). Conclusões: Artigo 1. Diferentes doses de ácidos graxos ômega-3 reduziram modo significativo as concentrações de triglicérides, confirmando a potencial aplicabilidade desse nutriente no tratamento da hipertrigliceridemia em pessoas que vivem com HIV em ART. Artigos 2 e 3. Uma dose relativamente baixa de óleo de peixe para pessoas que vivem com HIV em ART não alterou o perfil lipídico, a homeostase da glicose, a distribuição de gordura corporal e a concentração de marcadores inflamatórios. Recomenda-se, em estudos subseqüentes, a avaliação do efeito de doses mais elevadas, bem como a determinação de marcadores inflamatórios mais sensíveisBackground: Although the antiretroviral therapy (ART) revolutionized the care of HIV-infected subjects, it has been associated with metabolic abnormalities and increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Aims: To review the effects of marine omega-3 fatty acids on lipid profile, insulin resistance and inflammatory markers in subjects living with HIV on ART. Methods: Paper 1. Thirty three articles were found in a PubMed search; six met the inclusion criteria; and four of them were considered of adequate quality and included. Meta-analysis with fixed effects was performed and weighted mean differences (WMD (95 per cent CI)) were described. Paper 2 and 3. The study was conducted in an HIV/Aids care centre affiliated to the Medical School, University of Sao Paulo. This was a randomized controlled trial that assessed the effects of 3g fish oil/day (900mg of omega-3 fatty acids) or 3g soy oil/day (placebo). A hundred and twenty subjects aged between 19 and 64 years were recruited. The statistical analyses were performed in Stata 9. Results: Paper 1. Data from 83 subjects were included in the analyses. The overall reduction on triglyceride concentrations after 8-16 weeks of treatment with 900-3360mg of omega-3/day was WMD=-80.34mg/dL (95 per cent CI: -129.08 to -31.60). The pooled result of studies with mean triglyceride > 300 mg/dL at baseline and 1800-2900mg omega-3/day was WMD=-129.72mg (95 per cent CI: -206.54 to -52.91). Paper 2 and 3. Multilevel analyses revealed no statistically significant relationships between fish oil supplementation and the longitudinal changes in triglyceride (p= 0.335), LDL-C (p= 0.078), HDL-C (p= 0.383), total cholesterol (p=0.072), apo B (p= 0.522), apo A1 (p=0.420), LDL-C/apo B ratio (p=0.107), homa-2 IR index (p=0.387), BMI (p=0.068), waist circumference (p=0.128), waist/hip ratio (p=0.359), hs-CRP (p=0.918), fibrinogen (p=0.148), and VIII factor (p=0.073). Conclusions: Paper 1. Different doses of omega-3 fatty acids reduced significantly triglyceride concentrations confirming the potential applicability of this nutrient on the management of hypertriglyceridemia in HIV-infected subjects on ART. Paper 2 and 3. A relatively low dose of fish oil for HIV subjects on ART did not change lipid profile, insulin resistance, body fat distribution, and inflammatory markers. Further investigations should considerer the assessment of higher doses and more sensitivity inflammatory markers
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Oudah, Dayana. "Development of a Healthy and Satiating Snack." Thesis, University of Kalmar, School of Pure and Applied Natural Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-960.
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ABSTRACT
The demand of healthier products is increasing, and more people are more interested of what they eat. Statistics show that the consumption of snacks is rising.
Hyperglycemia leads to an increased risk for complications in type II diabetes mellitus. Increased levels of postprandial plasma glucose may also lead to equal or maybe more harmful effects than fasting hyperglycemia. When the levels of postprandial plasma glucose are decreased, the development of cardiovascular complications is delayed, why it is important to lower the snacks consumption especially snacks that brings hunger quickly after they are eaten. Because of these factors, healthier products were developed in this study. The aim was to develop a wafer chocolate product that gives higher satiating effect and healthier blood glucose levels compared to one of Cloetta’s chocolate products. Two raw materials were used, a new carbohydrate and a new fat. The new carbohydrate is a healthier sugar alternative than sucrose, since it leads to lower and prolonged increase in blood glucose and insulin levels. The new fat is based on natural oil that is believed to be healthy, mainly due to its satiating effect. The effects of these two materials on blood glucose response and satiety were examined in two products. Furthermore, the products were made of fat reduced milk chocolate in which sucrose in the chocolate mass was 100 % replaced with the new carbohydrate, dietary fibre and fruit concentrate. Only one of the products contained the new fat. The products, together with Cloetta’s chocolate product were consumed by 17 healthy subjects. Blood glucose response and satiating effect after product intake were examined during a period of 3 days.
When blood glucose response was analyzed, a slight indication that the products were relatively healthier than placebo, due to placebo’s unhealthy fluctuations, was found. No clear differences regarding blood sugar maxima were found. Placebo showed, as expected, the highest blood glucose maxima and the largest incremental area under curve, but the maxima of the new fat-lacking product was less than half as high as that of the new fatcontaining product and the area was smaller too, which was not expected. The results regarding the hunger levels were not as expected either since the new fat-lacking product was most satiating while the new fatcontaining product was the least satiating. Despite that, 57 % of the subjects reported they would by such products in the future.
Several biases may have played a role in the results, for example whether or not subjects followed the criteria (e.g. lunch time, exercise), stress, worry, individual energy requirement and how serious and focused the subjects were. However, for further research, increasing the new fat content to 3 g, a bigger sized product, different filling, more subjects and more repeats of same measurements is recommended.
SVENSK SAMMANFATTNING
Efterfrågan på hälsosammare produkter ökar, och fler människor blir mer intresserade av vad de äter. Statistik visar att konsumtionen av mellanmål ökar.
Hyperglykemi leder till en ökad risk för komplikationer i typ II-diabetiker. Ökade nivåer av postprandiell plasmaglukos kan leda till lika eller mer skadliga effekter än fastande hyperglykemi. När nivåerna av postprandiell plasmaglukos är lägre reduceras utvecklingen av kardiovaskulära komplikationer, därför är det viktigt att minska småätandet, speciellt av mellanmål som leder till hunger snart efter att de har ätits. På grund av dessa faktorer har hälsosammare produkter utvecklats i denna studie. Syftet var att utveckla en kexchokladprodukt som har högre mättnadseffekt samt hälsosammare blodsockernivåer jämfört med en av Cloettas chokladprodukter. Två produkter som alternativ till Cloettas chokladprodukter utvecklades. I dessa användes en ny kolhydrat och ett nytt fett. Den nya kolhydraten är ett hälsosammare sockeralternativ än sukros, då den leder till en lägre och förlängd ökning av blodglukos- och insulinnivåer. Det nya fettet är baserat på en naturlig olja som är hälsosam på grund av dess mättande effekt. Effekten av dessa två ämnen undersöktes. Vidare så gjordes de två produkterna av fettreducerad mjölkchoklad i vilken sukros i chokladmassan var 100 % ersatt med den nya kolhydraten, kostfiber samt fruktkoncentrat. endast en av produkterna innehöll det nya fettet. Produkterna, tillsammans med Cloettas chokladprodukt (placebo) konsumerades av 17 friska personer. Blodsockerresponsen och den mättande effekten efter produktintaget undersöktes under 3 timmars period per dag i totalt 3 dagar.
När blodglukosrespons analyserades hittades en svag indikation på att produkterna var relativt hälsosammare än placebo, på grund av de ohälsosamma fluktuationerna. Inga klara skillnader med avseende på blodsockermaxima hittades. Placebo visade, som väntat, det högsta blodglukosmaximum och den största arean under kurvan, men maximum för produkten utan det nya fettet var mindre än hälften så högt som det för produkten med det nya fettet och även arean under kurvan var mindre, vilket inte var förväntat. De upplevda hungernivåerna var inte heller som förväntat då produkten som saknar det nya fettet mättade flest personer medan produkten innehållande nya fettet mättade minst antal personer. Trots det så kunde 57 % av deltagarna tänka sig köpa sådana produkter i framtiden.
Flera faktorer kan ha påverkat resultatet, till exempel huruvida försökspersonerna följde kriterierna (t.ex. lunchtid, träning), stress, oro, individuella energibehov samt hur allvarliga och fokuserade personerna var när de angav hungernivåerna. För vidare studier rekommenderas ett högre innehåll av det nya fettet (3 g), en större produkt, annorlunda fruktbaserad fyllning och fler deltagare och flera upprepningar av samma mätningar.
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Kho, Pik Fang. "Genetic epidemiology of endometrial cancer." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211383/1/Pik%20Fang_Kho_Thesis.pdf.
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Endometrial cancer is the fifth most common cancer diagnosed in women in developed countries. This research used genetics to assess relationships between endometrial cancer and, previously identified and novel, risk factors. This work brings new insights by providing evidence that HDL and LDL cholesterol levels are linked to endometrial cancer risk. Further, I have shown that two gynaecological diseases, which are comorbid with endometrial cancer, also share genetic risk architecture with endometrial cancer. This work also advances the understanding of biological mechanisms of endometrial cancer by identifying candidate susceptibility genes.