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1
Filip-Dhaubhadel, Alexandra [Verfasser]. "L-Band Digital Aeronautical Communication System (LDACS)-Based Non-Cooperative Passive Multistatic Radar for Civil Aviation Surveillance / Alexandra Filip-Dhaubhadel." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1238423035/34.
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Zephirin, M. G. "Imperfect information and financial liberalization in LDCs." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1990. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/34819/.
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This thesis examines the interest rate, market entry and credit decisions which banks are expected to make following financial liberalization. It uses analytic tools from information economics and industrial organization theory to consider the policy implications of behaviour which responds to the constraints of imperfect information. The financial markets of the Caribbean Commonwealth supply the stylized facts which inform the analysis. Chapter 1 introduces the topics treated. The financial liberalization hypothesis is based on the 1973 works of McKinnon and Shaw. Chapter 2 describes their characterization of market fundamentals and behaviour in LDCs. It discusses the descriptions of equilibrium, and the welfare implications of these equilibria, in models which analyze economies with similar fundamentals. Chapter 3 derives stylized facts from the descriptions of the economic institutions and financial systems of the four Caribbean countries whose banking behaviour we model. Chapter 4 analyzes deposit rate determination by banks in the long-run equilibrium of a search market. It posits that in long-run equilibrium depositors find it costly to switch banks because doing so requires that they forego improved service at their current banks. The inelastic deposit supply which results from these switching costs implies that monopsonistic deposit rates are a noncooperative equilibrium. It is argued that this facilitates tacit collusion among banks and that a deposit rate floor is the appropriate policy corrective. Chapter 5 argues that the enhancement of intermediation service responsible for depositor switching costs reflects the information banks acquire about customers and their ability to offer suitably tailored service. Chapter 6 considers bank entry into a market where established customers of certain value have switching costs. Entering banks attract new customers of lower expected value. If new banks are therefore unable to generate sufficient revenue to cover their fixed costs, they exit. This chapter argues that liberal entry policy is not sufficient to ensure competition. Chapter 7 develops a simple model of bank screening by loan size in one sector of an economy. It finds a sequential equilibrium in which low-risk borrowers , self-select by the choice of contracts with a loan size below that they demand at the interest rate for their risk class. In Chapter 8 the partial equilibrium model of Chapter 7 is embedded in a general equilibrium framework to demonstrate that the market equilibrium is not constrained Pareto efficient. It argues that subsidizing the highest interest rates will improve loan allocation while maintaining the separation induced by private contracts. Chapter 9 summarizes the main results and conclusions of the thesis.
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Hasan, Zeeshan. "Foreign debt rescheduling and private investment in LDCs." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1342204622.
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Mohammed, Nadir A. L. "Military expenditure in Sub-Saharan Africa : a comparative analysis and case study of the Sudan." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241043.
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Naz, Neelum. "The external environment of housing in the Third World." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266801.
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Villarosa, Francesco Notarbartolo di. "Blueprint and process approach in institutional development : a case study from a health project in Brazil." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359137.
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Mohieldin, Mahmoud. "On financial liberalisation in LDCs : the case of Egypt, 1960-93." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4216/.
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This thesis deals with the issue of financial development in Egypt at the sectoral, macroeconomic and household levels over the period 1960-93. The thesis is organised in ten chapters, including a summary of the main results in chapter (10). Chapter (1) provides an introduction of the topics treated in the thesis and an overview of the main developments in the Egyptian economy during the study period. Chapter (2) reviews the theoretical literature and empirical studies on the main issues concerning financial development. Chapters (3) and (4) derive stylised facts from the discussion of the evolution of the financial system in Egypt. Chapter (3) assesses the structure, regulation and performance of the banking sector. Chapter (4) focuses on the Egyptian securities market, exploring its development since its establishment in 1883. Further it analyses the performance of the market using the main published indicators and highlights the impediments to its progress. Chapter (5) is concerned with the growing role of Islamic finance in both the formal and informal sectors in Egypt. After constructing a model to illustrate the distinctive characteristics of Islamic banking, the chapter investigates the role of Islamic banks and Islamic branches of conventional banks. The chapter also provides an analysis of the Informal Islamic Investment Companies which flourished in Egypt during the 1980s. Chapter (6) analyses the causes, measures and impact of financial repression in Egypt over the period 1960-90. The findings of this chapter indicate that financing the budget deficit was the main reason for repressing the financial sector. The chapter discusses the impact of the different repressive methods used including inflation tax, interest rate ceilings, high reserve requirements, directed credit schemes, regulation on the portfolio composition of banks, and government ownership of financial intermediaries. The government revenues from particular repressive measures such as inflation tax, seigniorage and interest rate ceilings were estimated for the whole study period and were substantial by most international standards. There follows a discussion of the main consequences of financial repression including capital flight, money substitution, the excessive use of inflation hedges and the thriving of informal financial transactions. Chapter (7) presents an econometric analysis of the impact of the real interest rate on saving, investment and economic growth in Egypt. The results of this analysis indicate that the real interest rate had a positive impact on financial saving, possibly through a portfolio shift. However its impact on total saving, investment and economic growth was insignificant. Chapters (8) and (9) are concerned with the issue of the coexistence of formal and informal financial sectors in rural Egypt. The analysis is based on a survey, of 200 households undertaken by the author in four Egyptian villages in the Nile delta. The methodology adopted and the description of the surveyed region are reported in chapter (8). The findings provided in chapter (9) suggest that informal financial transactions in our sample can be classified as intermittent. There was no evidence of the existence of professional money lenders. Loans, with very few exceptions, were interest free. Most loans were undertaken without contract or collateral. However default cases were low thanks to societal governance. Moreover the chapter analyses the characteristics of RoSCA in Egypt and its role in financial intermediation. The determinants of formal and informal borrowing are estimated using Tobit analysis. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the implications of financial liberalisation on household credit decisions. This thesis highlights the importance of a liberalised financial system for economic development in Egypt. However it argues that financial liberalisation, on its own, is not a sufficient remedy for the problems encountered in the financial sector. Macroeconomic stability and prudential regulation are considered to be essential prerequisites for liberalisation. In addition the thesis strongly emphasises the need for the restructuring of the financial system and the ensuring of its compatibility with the cultural environment to enable the full realisation of the benefits of financial liberalisation.
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Motamen, S. "International trade, immiserisation and welfare : The case of oil exporting LDCs." Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.356750.
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Afzali, Ahmad Walid. "DOES HUMAN CAPITAL MATTER FOR FDI'S EFFECT ON POVERTY IN LDCs?" OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/233.
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Very few empirical studies have attempted to study the impact of foreign direct investment and its interaction with human capital on poverty alleviation in developing countries. This paper attempts to fill this gap and contribute to the literature on FDI, human capital and poverty by not only disentangling the effects of FDI on poverty but also examining this effect in the presence of human capital.
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Obuah, Emmanuel Ezi. "Regional economic integration in Africa : the role of transnational corporations in the economic community of West African states." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318499.
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Elhiraika, Adam Biraima. "Financial development and economic growth in a less developed country : Sudan, 1960-1988." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320514.
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Davis, Dexter Justin Ainsley. "The development of a digital photogrammetric map revision system for use in developing countries." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.387477.
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Hassan, Mohd Nasir. "Social cost-benefit analysis of waste disposal in LDCs : the case of Malaysia." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306563.
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Harmáček, Jaromír. "Teoretické přístupy a praktické formy řešení sociálně-ekonomických problémů nejméně rozvinutých zemí (LDCs)." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-114698.
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The thesis focuses on theoretical and empirical analysis of economic growth and its implications for economic and social development of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The thesis proceeds from the assumption that economic growth is the necessary (but not sufficient) condition for economic, social and human development of societies and nations. In context of the LDCs, this assumption can be modified: it is assumed that it has been the low average rate of growth in the long-run that is associated with the complex social and economic issues of LDCs. The primary objective of the thesis is to verify this association within the LDCs, then to investigate factors that have been the major determinants for economic growth in (African) LDCs. From the perspective of theory the thesis is grounded in theories and models of economic growth that are crucial for researching factors of growth and its implications for development. The thesis focuses also on in-depth analysis of the LDCs both from the classification and statistical perspectives. The latter one is based on comparisons with selected groups of states within the World economy.
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Yalew, Amsalu, Georg Hirte, Hermann Lotze-Campen, and Stefan Tscharaktschiew. "General Equilibrium Effects of Public Adaptation in Agriculture in LDCs: Evidence from Ethiopia." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-227316.
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Ethiopia is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change. This is because its important economic sector, agriculture, is virtually rain-fed. The role of the sector in the current economic structure and the potency of the anticipated biophysical impacts of climate change necessitates proactive adaptation in agriculture. This, however, breeds questions of adaptation costs and adaptation finance. This study attempts to derive plausible range of planned adaptation costs in agriculture along with their economy-wide and regional effects in Ethiopia. It also assess the economy-wide and regional effects of the likely options available to a government of a least-developed country to finance adaptation in agriculture. The results show that planned public adaptation in agriculture puts pressure on government surplus, impedes on manufacturing and private services, and GDP of urbanized regions. As such, it may strain the current macroeconomic endeavors of the country which puts government driven structural transformation and reducing fiscal deficit relative to GDP at the center. Government of Ethiopia may reconcile this by laying out incentives to urban agriculture and private investment in agriculture. Besides, foreign support in the form of biotechnology transfer and debt-relief may help to control the side effects of grants on foreign exchange market and trade balance.
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Ward, Milton Hawkins. "A model for relationship building and maintaining tenure in the foreign work environment." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261725.
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Giri, Dusmanta Kumar. "Constitution of the European Union : implications for the developing countries; a case study of India." Thesis, University of Hull, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318392.
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Chilver, Alwyn Stewart. "Innovation paths in developing country agriculture : true potato seed in India, Egypt and Indonesia." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389359.
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The role of farmers in technology generation and diffusion has long been identified as a key dimension in publicly funded international agricultural research. This thesis uses a case study approach to document actual research and diffusion practices andlheir outcomes, and from these it draws conclusions for research policy. The thesis compares the effects of new technology, the research processes that generated it, and the diffusion processes that promoted and disseminated it, in three countries. Particular attention is given to farmer participation and related issues deemed critical to effective research and diffusion. The technology in question is True Potato Seed, a radical alternative means for potato propagation to tuber seed, researched and promoted by the International Potato Centre in collaboration with national research institutes since 1978. The case study countries are India, Egypt, and Indonesia. Extensive quantitative and qualitative farmer surveys provide the first detailed assessment of TPS benefits, their distribntion, and likely TPS adoption. Secondary data, documentation, and in-depth interviews with key actors permit an analysis of the significant activities, decisions, and players that shaped TPS research and diffusion processes. The farmer survey evidence indicates that TPS outcomes are problematic in each country. It also reveals cases of inadequately justified TPS research and promotion largely due to a poor awareness by scientists and research managers of farmers' conditions. This thesis demonstrates that a powerful countervailing force to the pursuit of unproductive research lies in the early and effective involvement of farmers in the research process. This allows for critical weaknesses to come to light after experimentation by farmers under their own conditions of production. The inevitable geographical and institutional decentralisation that this entails, fosters a greater level of research responsiveness and an environment in which alternatives to formal extension, including farmer dissemination networks, may be stimulated and encouraged where appropriate. However, regardless of the rhetoric regarding farmer participatory approaches at an organisational level, the extent to which these are borne out in practice depends largely upon the philosophies of the key individuals who shape and direct research and promotion processes.
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Michaelides, Georghios. "Investigations into the quality of roof-harvested rainwater for domestic use in developing countries." Thesis, University of Dundee, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.264289.
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Nana-Fabu, Rosemary Tenga. "The informal financial sector and savings mobilization in Cameroon." Thesis, University of Salford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261863.
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Acheampong, Eric. "District assemblies and participatory rural development in Ghana." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336434.
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Caldas, Ricardo W. "The evolution of Brazil's position in the Uruguay Round of the GATT, with particular emphasis on the issue of services." Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259452.
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Molina, Fuenzalida Alfonso Hernan. "The socio-technical basis of the microelectronics revolution : a global perspective." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20022.
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Epple, Ulrich [Verfasser]. "OFDM Receiver Concept for the Aeronautical Communications System LDACS1 to Cope with Impulsive Interference / Ulrich Epple." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1067708375/34.
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Gidda, Satinder K., Samantha C. Watt, Jillian Collins-Silva, Aruna Kilaru, Vincent Arondel, Olga Yurchenko, Patrick J. Horn, et al. "Lipid Droplet-Associated Proteins (ldaps) Are Involved in the Compartmentalization of Lipophilic Compounds in Plant Cells." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2013. https://doi.org/10.4161/psb.27141.
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While lipid droplets have traditionally been considered as inert sites for the storage of triacylglycerols and sterol esters, they are now recognized as dynamic and functionally diverse organelles involved in energy homeostasis, lipid signaling, and stress responses. Unlike most other organelles, lipid droplets are delineated by a half-unit membrane whose protein constituents are poorly understood, except in the specialized case of oleosins, which are associated with seed lipid droplets. Recently, we identified a new class of lipid-droplet associated proteins called LDAPs that localize specifically to the lipid droplet surface within plant cells and share extensive sequence similarity with the small rubber particle proteins (SRPPs) found in rubber-accumulating plants. Here, we provide additional evidence for a role of LDAPs in lipid accumulation in oil-rich fruit tissues, and further explore the functional relationships between LDAPs and SRPPs. In addition, we propose that the larger LDAP/SRPP protein family plays important roles in the compartmentalization of lipophilic compounds, including triacylglycerols and polyisoprenoids, into lipid droplets within plant cells. Potential roles in lipid droplet biogenesis and function of these proteins also are discussed.
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Osei-Assibey, Kwame Poku. "Exchange rate volatility in LDCs : some findings from the Ghanaian, Mozambican and Tanzanian markets." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2010. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/0bfb6a37-2106-439e-8499-ecec728d5dad.
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In the post Bretton Woods era, the volatile nature of exchange rates has been the focus of many researchers. Although some previous studies suggest that variations in an exchange rate has the potential to affect a country’s economic performance, LDC’s (Less Developed Countries’) have received less attention compared to industrialized or developed economies. In this thesis we analyse the nature of exchange rate behaviour in three LDCs: Ghana, Mozambique and Tanzania. These countries have gone through comparable policy engagements with the IMF, have followed similar floating exchange rate regimes since early 1990s and currently all adhere to the IMF convention of free current account convertibility and transfer (Ghana and Tanzania accepted Article VIII of IMF “Articles of Agreement” in 1994. Mozambique began floating in 1992 under the SAP reforms of IMF; Article IV consultation was completed in 2009 and acceptance of Article VIII seems imminent).The main content of the thesis can be summarised as follows.I. We examine whether exchange rate behaviour in these three countries are influenced by similar factors. In order to justify the applicability of a number of volatility modelling techniques, we also examine the data to find if they exhibit the empirical regularities found in other exchange rate/financial markets such as volatility clustering, non-linearity, non-normality and asymmetry. Our results suggest that exchange rate behaviour in these countries is generally influenced by similar factors. In particular, we find that the series exhibit the empirical regularities found in other exchange rate/financial markets, justifying the application of the ARCH methodology which we use to estimate the volatility of exchange rate in these countries. We however observed that the ARCH family of models does not always produce the best fit. For instance, volatility forecasts generated by an Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) model based on the RiskMetricsTM estimation technique produces the best fit for the daily Ghanaian exchange rate series under consideration compared to volatility forecasts from our estimated ARCH family of models.II. We explore the causal relationship between exchange rate depreciation and uncertainty/volatility using the VAR toolkit. Our main motivation for this study is to analyse whether the changes in the levels of exchange rate as a result of appreciation or depreciation in an underlying currency changes the level of exchange rate uncertainty (volatility). Further, we also analyse the reverse causal relationship; whether increasing uncertainty feeds back into the exchange rate market. We find a bi-directional Granger causal relationship between the level of exchange rate and uncertainty in the foreign exchange markets. Despite adopting similar macro-policies since the mid 1980s and early 1990s, uncertainty in the Tanzanian exchange rate as a response to changes in the level of exchange rate takes a shorter length of time to dissipate. We attribute this to the macroeconomic policies undertaken by Tanzanian policymakers which have ensured price and currency stability.The reverse causality reflects the effectiveness of the Tanzanian macro-policies and the confidence in them; we observed that intervention reduces uncertainty in the Tanzanian exchange rate, whereas for Ghana and Mozambique, macro-policies intending to mitigate undesired exchange rate changes rather create further uncertainty in their exchange rate markets. For all three LDCs under consideration, we observed that effects of shocks to exchange rate from innovations in uncertainty for each country is fleeting III. We investigate the relationship between exchange rate volatility and economic performance (via trade) for each of these countries and some of their biggest trade partners. Exchange rate volatility resulting from a depreciating underlying currency of trade can potentially affect the economic performance of a country. Using a gravity model augmented with variables that are deemed to influence earnings from trade, we observe that earnings from trade are not significantly affected by exchange rate volatility. We conjecture that in periods of uncertainty, traders increase the volume of trade to compensate for the ill effects of currency volatility.
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Teka, Tegegne. "International non-governmental organisations in rural development in Ethiopia : the case of Wolaita province." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295385.
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Aidoo, Magna L. "Explanations of the causes of mental ill-health among low-income women in an urban area : the case of Zambia." Thesis, London South Bank University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245065.
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Lawrence, Yuven Lafen. "Traditional culture, science education and changing values among the Nso people of North West Cameroon." Thesis, University of Reading, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388397.
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Hossain, Md Akhter. "The organisation development and management of the population training programmes : a case study in Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361349.
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Abu-Bakar, Aznan. "Consumption smoothing and financial intermediation among agricultural households in LDCs, a synthesis of recent literature." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ36386.pdf.
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Cramer, Christopher. "A luta continua? : A contribution to the political economy of war in Angola and Mozambique." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338140.
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Bahaeldin, Ziad Ahmed. "Legal aspects of banking regulation in a developing country : the case of Egypt." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263271.
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Salami, Reza. "International technology transfer and its role in the industrialisation of Less Developed Countries (LDCs) such as Iran." Thesis, City, University of London, 1997. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/18897/.
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International Technology Transfer (the transfer of technology across national borders) is extensively believed to be necessary for the industrialisation of any country. The experiences of some successful countries in rapid economic and industrial development show that the acquisition of a significant amount of foreign technology has played a crucial role in promoting their managerial and technical expertise as well as increasing their productivity level In particular, the experiences of some successful East Asian Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs) during the past three decades indicate that they could achieve rapid industrialisation and technological development through the adoption of a set of appropriate policies and strategies. The experiences of these countries can have valuable lessons and policy implications for other countries which wish to follow the same path of rapid industrialisation and technological development. Although many Less Developed Countries (LDCs) have realised the great importance of technological transformation for their rapid economic and industrial development, they have not designed effective and efficient policies and strategies for the transfer of appropriate and high-level technologies. Therefore, it seems necessary for decision makers in these countries to formulate appropriate policies for effective and successful transfer of technology as well as rapid industrialisation. Iran, as a developing country with large natural and human resources has also attempted to adopt the best approach of technology transfer to improve and promote its technological capability and achieve rapid industrialisation. However, like many other countries, the industrial base of Iran can be characterised as being heavily dependent on importing their required parts and components for manufacturing outputs, which in tum is due to the assembly nature of many of its industries. In other words, Iran as wen as many other developing countries has been faced with heavy technological dependency. The main purpose of this study is to identify and examine the critical success factors for the effective technology transfer and rapid industrialisation of the LDCs in general and Iran in Particular. Firstly, some of the most important and relevant theoretical frameworks as well as conceptual issues of technology transfer and industrialisation of LDCs are analysed. The empirical and practical experiences of some selected countries in particular East Asian first and second tier Newly Industrialised Countries (NICs) as well as Mexico and Turkey are also studied. The critical success factors of these countries in rapid industrialisation and technological development are identified. Moreover, the past and present industrialisation policies as well as technology transfer status of Iran is investigated in detail to identify and determine the most important strengths and weaknesses which are needed for designing its future plan. Finally, a framework of an appropriate policy and strategy for international technology transfer to LDCs in general and Iran in particular is proposed. Some overall recollections and suggestions derived from the research findings and results for the effective and succesful technology transfer and industrialisation of LDCs in general and Iran in particular is also included.
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Odifa, Fakunle Taiwo. "Monetary aspects of exchange rate determination, macroeconomic issues of a resource price increase in LDCs : a case study." Thesis, University of Leicester, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/9109.
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The impact of the world oil price increases of the early 1970s and those that occured in the 1980s, and the corresponding growth in revenue for the Nigerian economy had two major effects. First, it affected the official exchange rates and its determination, hence fiscal developments for the country. At the same time, the windfall also led to an unbalanced sectoral change within the economy. Both the internal and external economic situation since the oil shock had shown persistent imbalances requiring adjustments. In analysing the oil shock effect, a comprehensive assessment of the influences of exchange rates and structural adjustment problems employs the valuable strengths of the monetary approach aspects of exchange rates determination; particularly on the question of external payments adjustment and of inflation of domestic price levels. The function of exchange rate as an instrument of stabilization policy in an economy such as Nigeria is imperative. A relatively stable exchange rate standard in a world of significant variability is important in evaluating the impact of exchange rate changes on the economy; precisely because the financial infrastructures are at the developing state. When tight controls on the foreign trade sector also lead to the establishment of an unofficial market in foreign exchange, the question of stability would depend on which of the two markets adjust quicker. The market with the more rapid rate of adjustment can therefore provide a guide to exchange rate policy performance. In analysing the stuctural adjustments impact of the oil revenues, features of both national and global economic environment that are significant for macroeconomic performance, which are also proximately related to exchange rates determination are considered by using the dutch-disease framework. By laying emphasis on the fuction of exchange rates mechanism and the impact of the oil revenue increases at macroeconomic level, the large and persistent misalignment of real exchange rates and the general economic policies of the oil boom era are thus analysed in-depth.
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van, Vliet Lisette. "Debt-for-Nature Swaps : transnational environmental politics in a changing global political economy or NGOs, LDCs and IOUs." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/128737.
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Debt-for-nature swaps are a new phenomenon in world politics. Initiated as a response
to third world debt problems and the urgent need for environmental protection, debt-for-nature
swaps represent a very interesting development in the areas of international finance,
international negotiation and international roles for non-state actors. To date, at least nineteen
swaps have taken place, and according to some observers, they fit a niche that will exist for
some time to come.
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Das, Mallika. "Exporting from LDCs : an exploratory study on the impact of product type and destination of exports on buyer-seller relationships." Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277031.
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Ahmed, Akhter, and edu au jillj@deakin edu au mikewood@deakin edu au wildol@deakin edu au kimg@deakin. "THE MACROECONOMIC IMPACT OF FOREIGN AID TO DEVELOPING COUNTRIES." Deakin University. School of Economics, 1996. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20040907.174003.
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The thesis looks at the macroeconomic impact of foreign aid. It is specially concerned with aid's impact on the public sector of less developed countries < LDCs> . Since the overwhelming majority of aid is directed to the public sector of LDCs, one can only understand the broader macroeconomic impact of aid if one first understands its impact on this sector. To this end, the thesis econometrically estimates " fiscal response" models of aid. These models, in essence, attempt to shed light on public sector fiscal behaviour in the presence of aid inflows, being specially concerned with the way aid is used to finance various categories of expenditures. The underlaying concern is to extent to which aid is " fungible" -that is, whether it finances consumption expenditure and reductions in taxation revenue in LDCs. A number of alternative models are derived from a utility maximisation framework. These alternatives reflect different assumptions regarding the behaviour of LDC public sectors and relate to the endogeniety
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Ellis, Sotear. "Community based tourism in Cambodia : exploring the role of community for successful implementation in least developed countries." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2011. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/451.
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Sustainable tourism has been identified as a potential tool for development in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). Specifically, at the community level, Community Based Tourism (CBT) has emerged as an effective model to promote the development of sustainable tourism which produces meaningful benefits for all sectors of the community while protecting the longevity of the tourist product, and encouraging environmental and cultural conservation. The practical implementation of sustainable tourism in LDCs via CBT models faces many challenges. The source of these challenges is the complex stakeholder environment in which the theoretical and practical elements of CBT exist. Stakeholders have influenced the theoretical understanding of CBT through the multitude of definitions further hindered by the variations in terminology that abound within the theoretical literature. Internal stakeholders further complicate the implementation of CBT in communities, through misinterpretation and their different agendas. The potential negative outcomes of these external stakeholder influences include the persistence of poor quality theoretical models and inadequate information sources for practitioners. Internal influences can result in increasing power imbalances within the community, and the establishment of conflicting goals for CBT. Cambodia presents a unique opportunity to explore CBT as the model utilised to implement sustainable tourism for development in an LDC. Cambodia, identified as an LDC in 2001, has focused on the use of tourism to stimulate development, with recent attention being given to the opportunities for CBT. The aim of this research gives consideration to developing informed best practice for the implementation of CBT in LDC communities by finding a means to minimise these potential negative outcomes. To do so, the case studies of two rural communities in Cambodia utilising CBT to stimulate community development have been explored –Banteay Chhmar, Banteay Meanchey Province, and Banlung, Ratanakiri Province. The research was conducted in two phases, consisting of semi-structured and structured interviews with members of the community directly participating in tourism, the tourism committee, and non-participants in tourism. A total of 67 residents participated in both phases of the research. The key findings of this research.The key findings of this research show a strong positive perception of tourism by both communities which is supported by the perception of a range of positive economic, social, cultural and environmental impacts which dominate any minor perceived negative impacts. The research revealed the importance of the role of perception in the successful implementation of CBT. In particular, the research revealed that the perception of self,perception of community, and perception of the tourism committee have a considerable effect on the development of community support for tourism, which enhances meaningful participation for effective implementation of CBT. This alludes to social capital as an idea which can benefit the theoretical understanding of CBT, and therefore, inform practice. This research informs the practical implementation of CBT by highlighting the importance of open communication as a facilitator of education and awareness of CBT, which supports tolerance and support of CBT during and after implementation. Also highlighted was the importance of community pride, collaboration and commitment to community activities, represented as community cohesion. This cohesion is essential for the implementation of CBT in the LDC context, as it serves to mitigate some of the challenges encountered in disadvantaged communities. Finally, the foundations for a considered approach for the establishment of effective CBT committees are established. In addition to the assumption that CBT committees ensure community control of tourism and fund development goals, there is also a need to focus on the continued support of community cohesion as being essential for the continued success of CBT in the long term. From this exploration of two sites in Cambodia, this research makes meaningful theoretical contributions regarding the foundations of understanding how to implement CBT effectively in the Cambodian LDC context. The practical solutions identified will facilitate this implementation process, and can potentially be extrapolated to other similar LDC settings, and into general community development scenarios.
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Eliassen, Ina Eirin. "Chinese investments in the Zambian textile and clothing industry and their implications for development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20313.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis is a contribution to the “China in Africa” debate. Chinese development assistance includes Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), and recent literature argues a significant proportion of FDI goes to the manufacturing sector in African countries. FDI allocated to industry have the potential to create employment and reduce poverty. This paper takes Zambia as a case, and looks at the textile and clothing industry as a sub- sector of the manufacturing sector. The textile and clothing industry is seen as especially appropriate for Zambia, as it; (i) adds value to natural resources; (ii) creates links to other sectors of the economy; (iii) require only basic skills; and (iv) is labour intensive. Based on primary and secondary data, this paper seeks to understand how Chinese FDI in the Zambian textile and clothing industry impact economic development, measured by; (i) formal employment creation; (ii) technology and skill transfer; (iii) state revenue; and lastly (iv) market creation of the products. Through looking at Zambian national plans and institutions, the cotton-textile-garment value chain and the organisation of Chinese companies in Zambia, this paper found currently no textile and clothing manufacturing under Chinese investors. Although, cotton quality in Zambia has improved, the majority is exported out of the continent. There are currently few textile mills left and the clothing manufacturers largely use imported inputs. Second hand clothes and cheap imports from Asian countries, have taken over large parts of the domestic market for textile and clothing in Zambia. The largest integrated textile mill was the Zambia China Mulungushi Textiles (ZCMT) operating under Chinese investors between 1997 and 2007. Findings show that the Chinese management casualised the workforce, leading to more informal employment. In addition, there were few records of skill transfer to Zambian workers, although there were investments in improving technology. This paper explores the different reasons for the TC mill to close and argue that it was not viable under a liberal market. The Zambian workers were unhappy with the labour system, wage levels and terms of employment, which caused violent riots and strikes up until closure in 2007. The Chinese management was unable to restructure the work force enough to be cost effective and to stay in business. The Lusaka East Multi Facility Economic Zone (MFEZ) is under construction, and will focus on textiles and the supportive links in the industry. It is yet to be seen, how it impacts local economic development. Based on the assumptions of economic development, this paper shows limited impact of Chinese FDI in the Zambian textile and clothing industry.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie tesis is 'n bydrae tot die "China in Afrika” debat. Die Chinese ontwikkelings hulp sluit buitelandse direkte investering (FDI) in, en die onlangse literatuur beweer dat 'n belangrike deel van FDI na die vervaardigingsektor in Afrika-lande gaan. FDI toegeken aan die industrie het die potensiaal om werk te skep en armoede to verminder. Hierdie verhandeling neem Zambië as 'n geval, en kyk na die tekstiel-en klere-industrie as 'n subsektor van die vervaardigingsektor. Die tekstiel en klere bedryf is veral geskik vir Zambië, daar dit; (i) waarde toevoeg tot natuurlike hulpbronne; (ii) skakels skep na ander sektore van die ekonomie; (iii) slegs basiese vaardighede word vereis; (iv) arbeidsintensief is. Deur middel van primêre en sekondêre data, word in hierdie verhandeling gepoog om die impak van die Chinese FDI in die Zambiese tekstiel-en klere-industrie, op die ekonomiese ontwikkeling vas te stel, soos gemeet aan; (i) formele werkskepping; (ii) tegnologie en vaardigheids oordrag; (iii) die staat se inkomste; en laastens ( iv) die skepping van ‘n mark vir die produkte. Deur te kyk na die Zambiese nasionale planne en instellings, die katoen-tekstiel-kleed waardeketting, en die organisasie van die Chinese maatskappye in Zambië, het hierdie verhandeling bevind dat daar tans geen tekstiel-en klere vervaardiging onder Chinese beleggers is nie. Hoewel die gehalte van die katoen in Zambië verbeter het, is die meeste buite die vasteland uitgevoer. Daar is tans min tekstielfabrieke oor, en die klerevervaardigers gebruik grootliks ingevoerde insette. Tweedehandse klere en goedkoop invoere uit Asiatiese lande, het grootliks die binnelandse mark vir tekstiel en klere in Zambië oorgeneem. Die grootste geïntegreerde tekstiel fabriek was die Zambië China Mulungushi Textiles (ZCMT) wat tussen 1997 en 2007 onder Chinese beleggers was. Bevindinge toon dat die Chinese bestuur niepermanente aanstellings gemaak het, wat gelei het tot meer informele indiensneming. Verder, is daar min rekord van vaardigheids-oordrag na die Zambiese werkers, maar daar was beleggings in die verbetering van tegnologie gedoen. Hierdie verhandeling ondersoek die verskillende redes vir die TC meul/fabriek se sluiting, en bevind dat dit nie lewensvatbaar in 'n vrye mark was nie. Die Zambiese werkers was ontevrede met die arbeidstelsel, loonvlakke en terme van indiensneming, wat gewelddadige onluste en stakings veroorsaak het tot die sluiting in 2007. Die Chinese bestuur was nie in staat om die arbeidsmag te herstruktureer om koste-effektief genoeg te wees nie. Die Lusaka-Ooste Multi Fasiliteit Ekonomiese Sone (MFEZ) is onder konstruksie en sal fokus op die tekstiel en die ondersteunende skakels in die bedryf. Dit moet nog gesien word hoe dit die plaaslike ekonomiese ontwikkeling beïinvloed. Op grond van die aannames van ekonomiese ontwikkeling, toon hierdie ondersoek ‘n beperkte impak van die Chinese FDI in die Zambiese tekstiel en klere bedryf aan.
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Seddoh, Daniel K. "A study of factors that impact on executive network marketing in financial institutions in LDCs : an examination of factors that impact on executive network marketing in the finacial services sector in less developed countries : the case of Ghana." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7227.
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This research study provides a view of the relationship between organizational leaders and relationship executives of financial institutions and their exchange partners. It does so by analyzing data on the networking efforts of 20 executive directors in qualitative interviews and 124 relationship executives in research questionnaires. Network marketing within the financial services sector is becoming increasingly important. We proposed a model that seeks to offer an explanation of Executive network marketing in financial institutions in LDCs where the market system is underdeveloped. The proposed model identified four categories being: firm characteristics, Executives’ personal contact groups, Executives’ business contact groups and issues of commitment and trust in exchange relationships. Multiple factor analysis established the regression model as significant in establishing a formal relationship between the dependent variable (network marketing) and the independent variables (firm characteristics, business contact, personal contact and commitment and trust). It was confirmed that there are differences in Executives’ level of network marketing among the different age groups. Also there were significant differences in the network marketing of the Executives with regard to their level of education. It was observed that there were significant differences in the network marketing of the Executives with respect of their fields of study. Finally it was observed that owner managers were more involved in network marketing than the professional managers and those in partnerships. Not only did the study confirm the research model, but it also revealed that, to a considerable extent, network marketing is practiced by the Executives in the financial services sector in Ghana. The study concluded that business contact networks are the most effective of the Executives’ network marketing in financial services sector in Ghana. It is therefore important that state policies are directed towards enhancing the business environment within the financial services sector. Government should desist from being a regulator and a player in the same market.
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Khatiwada, Dilip. "Assessing the sustainability of bioethanol production in Nepal." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-25336.
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Access to modern energy services derived from renewable sources is a prerequisite, not only for economic growth, rural development and sustainable development, but also for energy security and climate change mitigation. The least developed countries (LDCs) primarily use traditional biomass and have little access to commercial energy sources. They are more vulnerable to problems relating to energy security, air pollution, and the need for hard-cash currency to import fossil fuels. This thesis evaluates sugarcane-molasses bioethanol, a renewable energy source with the potential to be used as a transport fuel in Nepal. Sustainability aspects of molasses-based ethanol have been analyzed. Two important indicators for sustainability, viz. net energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) balances have been used to assess the appropriateness of bioethanol in the life cycle assessment (LCA) framework. This thesis has found that the production of bioethanol is energy-efficient in terms of the fossil fuel inputs required to produce it. Life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from production and combustion are also lower than those of gasoline. The impacts of important physical and market parameters, such as sugar cane productivity, the use of fertilizers, energy consumption in different processes, and price have been observed in evaluating the sustainability aspects of bioethanol production. The production potential of bioethanol has been assessed. Concerns relating to the fuel vs. food debate, energy security, and air pollution have also been discussed. The thesis concludes that the major sustainability indicators for molasses ethanol in Nepal are in line with the goals of sustainable development. Thus, Nepal could be a good example for other LDCs when favorable governmental policy, institutional set-ups, and developmental cooperation from donor partners are in place to strengthen the development of renewable energy technologies.QC 20101029
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Peacock, Maria Natasha. "Is constructivism a prerequisite to unlock the power of web based platforms in teacher training? : A case study on the enablers for web based learning platforms for teacher training in Cambodia." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-87491.
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This case study, executed in school network driven by a private foundation for underprivileged children in Cambodia, provides a perspective from a unique situation of technology enablement in an environment with a predominantly instructivist teaching tradition. The said environment is strongly influenced by private sector donors with strong constructivist traditions and expectations. The environment is thus unique in the sense that a relatively asset rich environment, with expectations of 21st century pedagogical skills, is transported into an asset poor environment that was/is strongly rooted in instructivism. The case study thus give a perspective on if technology itself is a possible solution for better teacher education/educational delivery, or if the underlying pedagogy first needs to be evolved to allow web-based platforms and tools to be fully leveraged. In the specific environment being studies, teacher in-service training plays a larger role than formal teacher qualifications, and peer-to-peer, in-person, learning is the cornerstone of development (offline connectivism). Rather than changing the way the teachers learn, there should be opportunity in further strengthening the current practices of communities. Connectivist MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) do provide the community engagement and together with technology mediated professional learning platforms there should be opportunity to provide enhanced support for teachers’ education. The two main hurdles to overcome, beyond functioning technology assets and web access, are teachers own comfort levels with technology platforms, as well as provision of platforms that support local language options. The comfort level with technology is important to address as, assuming technology and web access works, the openness and lack of control in a web environment is in direct contradiction to instructivist teaching. Unlocking the potential of the web requires that teachers are comfortable with the web itself and also truly support inquiry based learning over didactic teaching, and that they have the skills to help children navigate the openness of the web. As economies shift towards becoming knowledge societies, collaborative problem-solving and navigation to knowledge are skills of increasing in importance, relative static knowledge recall that was previously viewed as value adding. This case study contributes to pedagogical theory and in particularly gives one more perspective on the shift from instructivist to constructivist teaching as a pre-requisite for capturing the power of the internet, and the shift to leveraging networks in a connectivist pedagogical approach. This case study also calls out the need for evolved frameworks to better describe technology mediated learning in least developing country environments. The case study also provides contribution to practice to technology mediated teacher education as it specifically addresses some of the opportunities in strengthening the support to teacher education in least developed countries.
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Macheru, Maryanne Wambui. "East African community-European Union economic partnership agreement, to be or not to be? Will conomic partnership agreement undermine or accelerate trade development within the East African community." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4327_1363780584.
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Zhang, Jian. "The impact of trade related investment measures in developing countries." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765888031&SrchMode=1&sid=6&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1209144977&clientId=23440.
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Oliveira-Ramos, Djalita N. Fialho de. "Status upgrade: the case of Cape Verde's graduation from the least developed country (LDC) category." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1101.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação internacionalThis dissertation presents the main characteristics and development drawbacks of two groups of countries in special situations, specifically LDCs and SIDS. In this context, issues related to international support measures aimed at easing the development process of LDCs are addressed, as well as the (sometimes controversial) question of graduation from LDC status. Against this background, the case of Cape Verde — the first SIDS to ever graduate from the LDC list — is examined, anticipating the consideration of crucial development financing issues, of particular importance to the country's ability to ensure continued development once its graduation from LDC status takes effect, in January 2008.
Esta dissertação analisa as principais características e as dificuldades que se levantam ao desenvolvimento de dois grupos de países em situações especiais, especificamente os PM A e os SIDS. Neste contexto, são abordadas questões relacionadas com medidas de apoio por parte da comunidade internacional, visando facilitar o processo de desenvolvimento dos PMA, e analisada a questão (por vezes controversa) da transição da lista de PMA. Neste quadro, é analisado o caso de Cabo Verde - o primeiro SIDS a transitar da lista de PMA -, com a consideração prévia de importantes questões de financiamento do desenvolvimento, de suma importância para a capacidade do país suster o seu desenvolvimento, a partir da entrada em vigor da sua graduação da lista dos PMA, em Janeiro de 2008.
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Fox, Paul William. "Construction industry development : analysis and synthesis of contributing factors." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2003. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36189/6/36189_Digitised%20Thesis.pdf.
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Tanner, Janet Jeffery. "Financial Analysis and Fiscal Viability of Secondary Schools in Mukono District, Uganda." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2006. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1289.
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Within the worldwide business community, many analysis tools and techniques have evolved to assist in the evaluation and encouragement of financial health and fiscal viability. However, in the educational community, such analysis is uncommon. It has long been argued that educational institutions bear little resemblance to, and should not be treated like, businesses. This research identifies an educational environment where educational institutions are, indeed, businesses, and may greatly benefit from the use of business analyses. The worldwide effort of Education for All (EFA) has focused on primary education, particularly in less developed countries (LDCs). In Sub-Saharan Africa, Uganda increased its primary school enrollments from 2.7 million in 1996 to 7.6 million in 2003. This rapid primary school expansion substantially increased the demand for secondary education. Limited government funding for secondary schools created an educational bottleneck. In response to this demand, laws were passed to allow the establishment of private secondary schools, operated and taxed as businesses. Revenue reports, filed by individual private schools with the Uganda Revenue Authority, formed the database for the financial analysis portion of this research. These reports, required of all profitable businesses in Uganda, are similar to audited corporate financial statements. Survey data and national examination (UNEB) scores were also utilized. This research explored standard business financial analysis tools, including financial statement ratio analysis, and evaluated the applicability of each to this LDC educational environment. A model for financial assessment was developed and industry averages were calculated for private secondary schools in the Mukono District of Uganda. Industry averages can be used by individual schools as benchmarks in assessing their own financial health. Substantial deviations from the norms signal areas of potential concern. Schools may take appropriate corrective action, leading to sustainable fiscal viability. An example of such analysis is provided. Finally, school financial health, defined by eight financial measures, was compared with quality of education, defined by UNEB scores. Worldwide, much attention is given to education and its role in development. This research, with its model for financial assessment of private LDC schools, offers a new and pragmatic perspective.
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Ngom, Abdoulaye. "L'OMC et l'accès des pays en développement au marché agricole de l'Union Européenne : entre traitement spécial et différencié et statut particulier de l'agriculture." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1G003.
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L’adoption par l’OMC de mesures de TSD utiles pour promouvoir l’agriculture des PED par le commerce agricole a favorisé l’accès des PED au marché rémunérateur de l’UE par des schémas multiples qui ne sont pas encore répartis équitablement entre les PED. Les préférences tarifaires de l’UE accordées aux PED figurent parmi les plus importants instruments de développement commercial utilisés par les pays développés. Cependant, l’effectivité des mesures de TSD reste relative à cause des limites inhérentes à leur contenu influencé par le statut particulier de l’agriculture à l’OMC. L’UE continue de bénéficier d’arrangements spéciaux et pratique un protectionnisme agricole très complexe et très décrié sur le plan externe. Les politiques commerciales, agricoles, sociales, environnementales et sécuritaires en vigueur dans le marché agricole européen neutralisent les efforts consentis par les PED, plus particulièrement les PMA et les pays ACP, pour exploiter les préférences. L’avenir de l’accès des PED au marché agricole de l’UE est actuellement lié à l’aboutissement incertain des négociations du Cycle Doha sur le TSD et l’agriculture. Les Conférences ministérielles de Bali (décembre 2013) et de Nairobi (décembre 2015) ont permis de mettre sur pied des accords partiels et a minima qui semblent maintenir le déséquilibre subtil entre un TSD peu contraignant et un statut particulier de l’agriculture toujours résistant à l’OMC, sans apporter une solution définitive au statu quo de l’accès des PED aux marchés agricoles des pays développés. Les enjeux et les perspectives de l’accès des PED au marché agricole de l’UE dépendent de la direction que prendront les travaux en cours pour répondre aux questions de développement et de libéralisation agricole dans le cadre d’un vrai cycle de développementThe adoption by the WTO of special and differential treatment (SDT) measures that are useful for promoting the agriculture of developing countries through agricultural trade has favored the access of developing countries to the remunerative market of the EU through multiple schemes that are not yet evenly distributed between developing countries. EU tariff preferences for developing countries (DCs) are among the most important trade development instruments used by developed countries. However, the effectiveness of SDT measures remains relative because of the limitations inherent in their content influenced by the special status of agriculture in the WTO. The EU continues to benefit from special arrangements and practices agricultural protectionism that is very complex and highly criticized externally. The commercial, agricultural, social, environmental and security policies in force in the European agricultural market neutralize the efforts made by developing countries, in particular least developed countries (LDCs) and ACP countries, to exploit preferences.The future access of developing countries to the agricultural market of the EU is currently linked to the uncertain outcome of the Doha Round negotiations on SDT and agriculture. The Ministerial Conferences in Bali (December 2013) and Nairobi (December 2015) have led to the establishment of partial and minimum agreements that seem to maintain the subtle imbalance between a non-constraining SDT and a particular status of agriculture that is still resistant to The WTO without providing a definitive solution to the status quo of DCs access to agricultural markets in developed countries. The challenges and prospects of developing countries' access to the EU agricultural market depend on the direction of work in progress to address agricultural development and liberalization issues within a real development cycle
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Kinuthia, Wanyee. "“Accumulation by Dispossession” by the Global Extractive Industry: The Case of Canada." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30170.
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This thesis draws on David Harvey’s concept of “accumulation by dispossession” and an international political economy (IPE) approach centred on the institutional arrangements and power structures that privilege certain actors and values, in order to critique current capitalist practices of primitive accumulation by the global corporate extractive industry. The thesis examines how accumulation by dispossession by the global extractive industry is facilitated by the “free entry” or “free mining” principle. It does so by focusing on Canada as a leader in the global extractive industry and the spread of this country’s mining laws to other countries – in other words, the transnationalisation of norms in the global extractive industry – so as to maintain a consistent and familiar operating environment for Canadian extractive companies. The transnationalisation of norms is further promoted by key international institutions such as the World Bank, which is also the world’s largest development lender and also plays a key role in shaping the regulations that govern natural resource extraction. The thesis briefly investigates some Canadian examples of resource extraction projects, in order to demonstrate the weaknesses of Canadian mining laws, particularly the lack of protection of landowners’ rights under the free entry system and the subsequent need for “free, prior and informed consent” (FPIC). The thesis also considers some of the challenges to the adoption and implementation of the right to FPIC. These challenges include embedded institutional structures like the free entry mining system, international political economy (IPE) as shaped by international institutions and powerful corporations, as well as concerns regarding ‘local’ power structures or the legitimacy of representatives of communities affected by extractive projects. The thesis concludes that in order for Canada to be truly recognized as a leader in the global extractive industry, it must establish legal norms domestically to ensure that Canadian mining companies and residents can be held accountable when there is evidence of environmental and/or human rights violations associated with the activities of Canadian mining companies abroad. The thesis also concludes that Canada needs to address underlying structural issues such as the free entry mining system and implement FPIC, in order to curb “accumulation by dispossession” by the extractive industry, both domestically and abroad.