Journal articles on the topic 'LDA'
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Lombarde, Washington, and Neide Maria Michellan Kiouranis. "A ALQUIMIA NOS LIVROS DIDÁTICOS DE QUÍMICA APROVADOS PELO PROGRAMA NACIONAL DO LIVRO DIDÁTICO." Ensino de Ciências e Tecnologia em Revista – ENCITEC 13, no. 3 (December 22, 2023): 301–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31512/encitec.v13i3.460.
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Considerando a importância da Alquimia e seu contexto histórico, a presente pesquisa teve como objetivo compreender como a Alquimia é explorada nas obras didáticas aprovadas pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) de 2018. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa. Para análise dos livros didáticos, utilizamos como critério as marcas da historiografia tradicional apontadas por Beltran, Saito e Trindade (2014), e os livros didáticos foram identificados pelas letras LD, seguidas por um código numérico: LD1, LD2, LD3, LD4, LD5, LD6. Pela análise dos livros didáticos, identificaram-se características da perspectiva historiográfica tradicional, consideradas ultrapassadas por Beltran, Saito e Trindade (2014), o que evidencia que, de modo geral, não há importante valorização da nova historiografia da ciência. Verificou-se que, em LD4, a Alquimia não é contemplada em nenhum dos capítulos, enquanto que apenas LD5 apresenta poucos aspectos da antiga historiografia, evidenciando que os autores buscaram inserir a nova historiografia da ciência em sua abordagem. De modo geral, os livros didáticos analisados fazem uma abordagem da Alquimia que carece de informações históricas e ainda é permeada por aspectos da antiga historiografia da ciência.
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Tanishima, K., T. Hayashi, M. Matsushima, and Y. Mochikawa. "Activity of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes LD1 and LD2 in serum as determined by using an inhibitor of the M-subunit." Clinical Chemistry 31, no. 7 (July 1, 1985): 1175–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/31.7.1175.
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Abstract To measure activities of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) isoenzymes LD1 and LD2 in serum, we developed a method involving 1,6-hexanediol as specific inhibitor of the M-subunit. Addition of hexanediol, 0.6 mol/L, to five LD isoenzyme fractions purified from human liver and heart homogenates resulted in complete loss of activities of LD4 and LD5, and partial loss of LD2 and LD3. The activity of LD1, which is composed of the H-subunit only, was not affected. In studying what conditions would allow only the activities of LD1 or LD1 + LD2 to be expressed in serum, we found that the respective activities could be determined by treatment with hexanediol, 0.75 mol/L and 0.55 mol/L, respectively. Results of binding experiments and analytical-recovery tests supported the effectiveness of analyses with this inhibitor in determination of LD1 and LD1 + LD2 activities in serum. Results by this proposed inhibition method correlated well with those by the conventional electrophoretic method for determination of LD1 activity, but LD1 + LD2 activities by the inhibition method were a little less than those by the electrophoretic method, requiring some correction.
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Yut, Lele, Ce Zhang, Yingxia Shao, and Bin Cui. "LDA*." Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment 10, no. 11 (August 2017): 1406–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14778/3137628.3137649.
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Li, Rong-Hua, Shuang Liang, George Baciu, and Eddie Chan. "Equivalence Between LDA/QR and Direct LDA." International Journal of Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence 5, no. 1 (January 2011): 94–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcini.2011010106.
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Singularity problems of scatter matrices in Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) are challenging and have obtained attention during the last decade. Linear Discriminant Analysis via QR decomposition (LDA/QR) and Direct Linear Discriminant analysis (DLDA) are two popular algorithms to solve the singularity problem. This paper establishes the equivalent relationship between LDA/QR and DLDA. They can be regarded as special cases of pseudo-inverse LDA. Similar to LDA/QR algorithm, DLDA can also be considered as a two-stage LDA method. Interestingly, the first stage of DLDA can act as a dimension reduction algorithm. The experiment compares LDA/QR and DLDA algorithms in terms of classification accuracy, computational complexity on several benchmark datasets and compares their first stages. The results confirm the established equivalent relationship and verify their capabilities in dimension reduction.
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Gezer, H. H., D. Erdem Gürsoy, S. Acer Kasman, and M. T. Duruöz. "AB0773 THE INCIDENCE OF RESIDUAL DISEASE ACTIVITY FOLLOWING DIVERSE DISEASE ACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS FOR PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1684.2–1685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4910.
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Background:Due to the complex nature of psoriatic arthritis (PsA), diverse disease activity measures have been developed, the most common of which include Disease Activity Score for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), Minimal Disease Activity (MDA) and Very Low Disease Activity (VLDA). Recently, new composite measures have been developed such as Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score (PASDAS) and GRACE index. Due to different domains and assessments, even though these measures may indicate remission or low disease activity, residual disease activity (RDA) may persist.Objectives:The aim of this study was to evaluate RDA in patients with PsA.Methods:A total of 148 patients (105 female, 43 male; mean age 47.5 (SD:12.6) years) who met the CASPAR criteria for PsA were recruited. Demographic and clinical characteristics of patients were recorded, including pain visual analog scale (VAS), joint VAS, patient global VAS, and tender and swollen joint counts. Evaluations included the Leeds Enthesitis Index (LEI), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), Psoriatic Arthritis Quality of Life (PsAQoL), Short-Form 36 Health Survey (SF-36) and Health Assesment Questionnaire (HAQ). Disease activity and remission were assessed using the DAPSA, MDA, VLDA, PASDAS and GRACE Index. MDA was calculated with 5 and 6 positivity criteria separately. Low disease activity (LDA) was defined as follows: DAPSA≤14, PASDAS≤3.2 and GRACE Index≤2.3. RDA was defined as the presence of at least one of the following criteria despite remission or LDA: tender and/or swollen joints >1, dactilitis >1, LEI>1, HAQ>0.5, PASI>1, PtGA>20, physician VAS>20, or pain VAS>15.Results:The mean duration of disease was 68.2 (SD:80.2) months. DAPSA-LDA, PASDAS-LDA, GRACE-LDA, MDA and VLDA were observed in 48.6%, 14.6%, 14.9%, 23.6% and 2% of PsA patients, respectively. RDA as determined by at least one domain was identified in 91%, 95%, 86% and 86% of patients who were classified as having MDA, DAPSA-LDA, PASDAS-LDA and GRACE-LDA, respectively. Undetected RDA was most common with DAPSA, whereas VLDA completely ruled out RDA. PASDAS and GRACE resulted in similar rates of RDA (Table-1). With DAPSA-LDA, the incidence of RDA in the pain domain was significantly lower with older age. Female patients had higher rates of RDA with the LEI and HAQ (p<0.05).Conclusion:VLDA was the most and DAPSA was the least sensitive method to detect remission/LDA. RDA should be kept in mind in patients with PsA when using current measures to assess remission or LDA.References:[1]Ennio Lubrano, Silvia Scriffignano, Fabio Massimo Perrotta, Residual disease activity and associated factors in Psoriatic Arthritis. The Journal of Rheumatology Nov 2019, jrheum. 190679; DOI: 10. 3899/jrheum.190679[2]Kilic, G., Kilic, E., Nas, K.et al.Residual symptoms and disease burden among patients with psoriatic arthritis: is a new disease activity index required?.Rheumatol Int39, 73–81 (2019).https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-018-4201-3Table 1.RDA in patients with LDA according to diverse activity scoresRDA, n (%)Remission and LDA according to disease activity scores, n (%)MDA-5n:35MDA-6n:13VLDAn:3DAPSA LDAn:72PASDAS LDAn:22GRACE LDAn:22RDA_TJC4 (11.4)1 (7.7)025 (34.7)3 (13.6)1 (4.5)RDA_SJC1 (2.9)003 (4.2)00RDA_dactilitis2 (5.7)002 (2.8)1 (4.5)1 (4.5)RDA_PASI4 (11.4)1 (7.7)023 (31.9)5 (22.7)5 (22.7)RDA_VAS pain23 (65.7)3 (23.1)056 (77.8)13 (59.1)13 (59.1)RDA_VAS Global21 (60)4 (30.8)056 (77.8)10 (45.5)11 (50)RDA_physician VAS26 (83.9)8 (61.5)1 (33.3)64 (88.9)15 (71.4)16 (72.7)RDA_HAQ1 (2.9)1 (7.7)016 (22.2)1 (4.5)0RDA_LEI1 (2.9)1 (7.7)024 (33.3)3 (13.6)2 (9.1)RDA: residual disease activity, MDA: Minimal disease activity, VLDA:Very Low disease activity, LDA: Low disease activity, TJC:Tender joint count, SJC: Swollen joint countDisclosure of Interests:None declared
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Scaletsky, Isabel C. A., Jane Michalski, Alfredo G. Torres, Michelle V. Dulguer, and James B. Kaper. "Identification and Characterization of the Locus for Diffuse Adherence, Which Encodes a Novel Afimbrial Adhesin Found in Atypical Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli." Infection and Immunity 73, no. 8 (August 2005): 4753–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.73.8.4753-4765.2005.
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ABSTRACT The O26 serogroup of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) is one of the serogroups most frequently implicated in infant diarrhea and is also common among enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) strains. The most common O26 strains belong to EPEC/EHEC serotype O26:H11 and are generally Shiga toxin (Stx) positive. Stx-negative E. coli strains that are negative for the EPEC EAF plasmid and bundle-forming pilus (Bfp) are classified as atypical EPEC. Here, we report a novel adhesin present in an stx-negative bfpA-negative atypical EPEC O26:H11 strain isolated from an infant with diarrhea. A cloned 15-kb genomic region from this strain, designated the locus for diffuse adherence (lda), confers diffuse adherence on HEp-2 cells when expressed in E. coli K-12. Sequence analysis of lda revealed a G+C content of 46.8% and 15 open reading frames sharing homology with the E. coli K88 fae and CS31A clp fimbrial operons. The lda region is part of a putative 26-kb genomic island inserted into the proP gene of the E. coli chromosome. Hybridization studies have demonstrated the prevalence of the minor structural subunit gene, ldaH, across E. coli serogroups O5, O26, O111, and O145. A second plasmid-encoded factor that contributed to the Hep-2 adherence of this strain was also identified but was not characterized. Null mutations that abolish adherence to HEp-2 cells can be restored by plasmid complementation. Antiserum raised against the major structural subunit, LdaG, recognizes a 25-kDa protein from crude heat-extracted protein preparations and inhibits the adherence of the E. coli DH5α lda + clone to HEp-2 cells. Electron microscopy revealed a nonfimbrial structure surrounding the bacterial cell.
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Li, Yanni, Bing Liu, Yongbo Yu, Hui Li, Jiacan Sun, and Jiangtao Cui. "3E-LDA." ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data 15, no. 4 (June 2021): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3442347.
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Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is one of the important techniques for dimensionality reduction, machine learning, and pattern recognition. However, in many applications, applying the classical LDA often faces the following problems: (1) sensitivity to outliers, (2) absence of local geometric information, and (3) small sample size or matrix singularity that can result in weak robustness and efficiency. Although several researchers have attempted to address one or more of the problems, little work has been done to address all of them together to produce a more effective and efficient LDA algorithm. This article proposes 3E-LDA, an enhanced LDA algorithm, that deals with all three problems as an attempt to further improve LDA. It proposes to learn a weighted median rather than the mean of the samples to deal with (1), to embed both between-class and within-class local geometric information to deal with (2), and to calculate the projection vectors in the null space of the matrix to deal with (3). Experiments on six benchmark datasets show that these three enhancements enable 3E-LDA to markedly outperform state-of-the-art LDA baselines in both accuracy and efficiency.
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Zhang, Yongjun, Zijian Wang, Yongtao Yu, Bolun Chen, Jialin Ma, and Liang Shi. "LF-LDA." International Journal of Data Warehousing and Mining 14, no. 2 (April 2018): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijdwm.2018040102.
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This article describes how text documents are a major data structure in the era of big data. With the explosive growth of data, the number of documents with multi-labels has increased dramatically. The popular multi-label classification technology, which is usually employed to handle multinomial text documents, is sensitive to the noise terms of text documents. Therefore, there still exists a huge room for multi-label classification of text documents. This article introduces a supervised topic model, named labeled LDA with function terms (LF-LDA), to filter out the noisy function terms from text documents, which can help to improve the performance of multi-label classification of text documents. The article also shows the derivation of the Gibbs Sampling formulas in detail, which can be generalized to other similar topic models. Based on the textual data set RCV1-v2, the article compared the proposed model with other two state-of-the-art multi-label classifiers, Tuned SVM and labeled LDA, on both Macro-F1 and Micro-F1 metrics. The result shows that LF-LDA outperforms them and has the lowest variance, which indicates the robustness of the LF-LDA classifier.
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Aslanyan, Tatev Karen, and Flavius Frasincar. "LDA-LFM." ACM SIGAPP Applied Computing Review 21, no. 2 (June 2021): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3477127.3477130.
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Most of the existing recommender systems are based only on the rating data, and they ignore other sources of information that might increase the quality of recommendations, such as textual reviews, or user and item characteristics. Moreover, the majority of those systems are applicable only on small datasets (with thousands of observations) and are unable to handle large datasets (with millions of observations). We propose a recommender algorithm that combines a rating modeling technique (i.e., Latent Factor Model) with a topic modeling method based on textual reviews (i.e., Latent Dirichlet Allocation), and we extend the algorithm such that it allows adding extra user- and item-specific information to the system. We evaluate the performance of the algorithm using Amazon.com datasets with different sizes, corresponding to 23 product categories. After comparing the built model to four other models, we found that combining textual reviews with ratings leads to better recommendations. Moreover, we found that adding extra user and item features to the model increases its prediction accuracy, which is especially true for medium and large datasets.
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Pang, Xiongwen, Benshuai Wan, Huifang Li, and Weiwei Lin. "MR-LDA." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 8, no. 4 (October 2016): 100–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijghpc.2016100106.
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Latent Dirichlet Allocation(LDA) is an efficient method of text mining,but applying LDA directly to Chinese micro-blog texts will not work well because micro-blogs are more social, brief, and closely related with each other. Based on LDA, this paper proposes a Micro-blog Relation LDA model (MR-LDA), which takes the relations between Chinese micro-blog documents and other Chinese micro-blog documents into consideration to help topic mining in micro-blog. The authors extend LDA in the following two points. First, they aggregate several Chinese micro-blogs as a single micro-blog document to solve the problem of short texts. Second, they model the generation process of Chinese micro-blogs more accurately by taking relationship between micro-blog documents into consideration. MR-LDA is more suitable to model Chinese micro-blog data. Gibbs sampling method is borrowed to inference the model. Experimental results on actual datasets show that MR-LDA model can offer an effective solution to text mining for Chinese micro-blog.
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Gao, Hui, and James W. Davis. "Why direct LDA is not equivalent to LDA." Pattern Recognition 39, no. 5 (May 2006): 1002–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2005.11.016.
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Su, Hang, Suthakar Ganapathy, Zhi-Min Yuan, and Chul S. Ha. "P53-Based Strategy for Protection of Bone Marrow From Y-90 Ibritumomab Tiuxetan." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 1839. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.1839.1839.
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Abstract Introduction Though radiolabeled anti-CD20 antibody has expanding roles in the management of B-cell lymphoma, its main drawback has been radiation-induced damage to the bone marrow leading to acute grade 3 and 4 hematological toxicity and potential contribution to the development of myelodysplastic syndrome and secondary leukemia. Arsenic trioxide is currently used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia and known as a cytotoxic agent. However, we have recently demonstrated that arsenic trioxide can act as a cytoprotective agent at much lower dose. This is due to its ability to temporarily and reversibly suppress p53 activation caused by DNA-damaging treatments such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. It has been also demonstrated that this protective effect is selective to normal tissues, as it requires functional p53. We have developed a preclinical model to assess the efficacy of low dose arsenic trioxide (LDA) as a cytoprotective agent against bone marrow toxicity induced by radioimmunotherapy using Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan as a model. Methods To test the hypothesis that LDA protects bone marrow against Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan induced damage, sex-matched BAL/c mice (4-6 weeks of age) were randomized into four groups: control, LAD only, Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan only, LAD pretreatment followed by Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan. LDA pretreatment was carried out by feeding mice with water containing 1 mg/L arsenic trioxide for three days. Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan was then injected into mice at the dose of 200uCi via tail vein. Tissue samples were collected at different time points (3 hours to 5 weeks) after treatment. Bone marrow damage was analyzed histologically with H&E staining, and DNA damage was assessed with pH2AX staining. To test the hypothesis that LDA does not protect malignant cells, a mouse xenograft model was generated using a CD20 expressing lymphoma cell line, Karpas 422. Treatments were initiated 1 week after implantation when tumors became palpable. Tumor volumes were measured with a caliper periodically. Tumor volume was calculated using the equation: volume = length × width × depth × 0.5236 mm3. Two independent experiments were done and the tumor volumes are expressed as means ± SE. Results Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan treatments were associated with severe damages to bone marrow cells, and such damages were significantly reduced by LDA pretreatment (Fig 1). Consistent with this observation, much more DNA damage was accumulated in mice treated with Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan from as early as 3 hours to a week after treatment, as compared to mice pretreated with LDA (Fig 2). Remarkably, while DNA damage was eliminated in LDA-pretreated mice by 2wk to 5wk after treatment, damage was still observed in mice without LAD pretreatment. In tumor xenograft models, the tumor volume of the control group continued to increase with time. LDA pretreatment did not have any detectable effect on the growth of the implanted tumors. As expected, treatment with a single dose of Y-90 ibritumomab tiuxetan resulted in marked tumor growth suppression. LDA pretreatment showed little effect on radiation-induced tumor growth suppression (Fig 3). Conclusion Our results demonstrate that a brief pretreatment with LDA is associated with a marked protection of bone marrow without compromising the ability of irradiation to kill lymphoma cells. A clinical trial is being developed based on our findings. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Balanyá, Juan Carlos, Inmaculada Expósito-Ramos, Alejandro Jiménez-Bonilla, Manuel Díaz-Azpiroz, Mario Sánchez-Gómez, and Ana Crespo-Blanc. "Desacoplamiento de la deformación en la base de la lámina cabalgante del Dominio de Alborán (Béticas Occidentales)." Geogaceta 72 (December 11, 2022): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.55407/geogaceta98397.
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En las Béticas Occidentales la lámina cabalgante cristalina del Dominio de Alborán (LDA) se dispone sobre las Unidades Frontales (UF) y el cinturón de pliegues y cabalgamientos (CPC). Analizados los estilos tectónicos y direcciones de transporte de la LDA, y sus diferencias con las unidades cabalgadas, los resultados indican que la deformación interna de la LDA sincrónica con su emplazamiento es moderada y se traduce en pliegues de acomodación de dirección N-S a N20ºE desarrollados sobre la rampa frontal de bloque superior. Pliegues rectos de gran radio deforman la parte trasera de la lámina y probablemente tienen la misma edad (Mioceno inferior-medio). Por otra parte, las direcciones de transporte tectónico de la LDA (N270º-280ºE) son paralelas a las del CPC en el frente W y, sin embargo, las Unidades Frontales y las del CPC presentan direcciones de transporte entre N310º-320ºE en el frente N. Estas variaciones y el cambio drástico de estilos tectónicos entre la LAD y las UF/CPC evidencian un alto grado de desacoplamiento de la deformación entre los dos conjuntos.
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Luo, Dijun, Chris Ding, and Heng Huang. "Linear Discriminant Analysis: New Formulations and Overfit Analysis." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 25, no. 1 (August 4, 2011): 417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v25i1.7926.
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In this paper, we will present a unified view for LDA. We will (1) emphasize that standard LDA solutions are not unique, (2) propose several new LDA formulations: St-orthonormal LDA, Sw-orthonormal LDA and orthogonal LDA which have unique solutions, and (3) show that with St-orthonormal LDA and Sw-orthonormal LDA formulations, solutions to all four major LDA objective functions are identical. Furthermore, we perform an indepth analysis to show that the LDA sometimes performs poorly due to over-fitting, i.e., it picks up PCA dimensions with small eigenvalues. From this analysis, we propose a stable LDA which uses PCA first to reduce to a small PCA subspace and do LDA in the subspace.
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Ekinci, Ekin, and Sevinç İlhan Omurca. "Concept-LDA: Incorporating Babelfy into LDA for aspect extraction." Journal of Information Science 46, no. 3 (April 29, 2019): 406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165551519845854.
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Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is one of the probabilistic topic models; it discovers the latent topic structure in a document collection. The basic assumption under LDA is that documents are viewed as a probabilistic mixture of latent topics; a topic has a probability distribution over words and each document is modelled on the basis of a bag-of-words model. The topic models such as LDA are sufficient in learning hidden topics but they do not take into account the deeper semantic knowledge of a document. In this article, we propose a novel method based on topic modelling to determine the latent aspects of online review documents. In the proposed model, which is called Concept-LDA, the feature space of reviews is enriched with the concepts and named entities, which are extracted from Babelfy to obtain topics that contain not only co-occurred words but also semantically related words. The performance in terms of topic coherence and topic quality is reported over 10 publicly available datasets, and it is demonstrated that Concept-LDA achieves better topic representations than an LDA model alone, as measured by topic coherence and F-measure. The learned topic representation by Concept-LDA leads to accurate and an easy aspect extraction task in an aspect-based sentiment analysis system.
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Sonkusale, Lakshmi. "Exploring the Applicability of Topic Modeling in SARS-CoV-2 Literature and Impact on Agriculture." Indian Research Journal of Extension Education 22, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.54986/irjee/2022/oct_dec/48-56.
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For the last two years, countries around the globe have been suff ering and severely aff ected by the Covid-19 pandemic due to the novel coronavirus. Researchers from various disciplines are conducting research and publishing number of articles related to this virus and its eff ects. Furthermore, articles related to Covid-19 are being continuously published in the form of research papers, popular articles, blogs, surveys, short stories etc. These possess useful information and this information can be processed to infer important knowledge by applying text mining techniques. The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) technique provides an effi cient way to analyse unclassifi ed text into useful sets of terms, called topics. LDA can group terms with similar semantic meaning into topics called "themes". A theme is a group of terms that frequently appear together. The objective of the present study is to explore the applicability of topic modeling in identifying the hidden themes or topics by using published research articles related to Covid-19 and agriculture through Google scholar. After pre-processing of titles and abstracts, two approaches namely LDA with Bag of Words (LDAB) and LDA with Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency (LDAT) were applied to fi nd the hidden themes. There are thirteen and seven topics are identifi ed by applying LDAB and LDAT respectively. These identifi ed topics comprised with diff erent set of words or features will play an important role in developing the information retrieval system for specifi c search related to agricultural production, supply chain mechanism in agriculture, health and agri-tourism.
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Sabzi, Sajad, Razieh Pourdarbani, and Juan Ignacio Arribas. "A Computer Vision System for the Automatic Classification of Five Varieties of Tree Leaf Images." Computers 9, no. 1 (January 28, 2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/computers9010006.
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A computer vision system for automatic recognition and classification of five varieties of plant leaves under controlled laboratory imaging conditions, comprising: 1–Cydonia oblonga (quince), 2–Eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn (river red gum), 3–Malus pumila (apple), 4–Pistacia atlantica (mt. Atlas mastic tree) and 5–Prunus armeniaca (apricot), is proposed. 516 tree leaves images were taken and 285 features computed from each object including shape features, color features, texture features based on the gray level co-occurrence matrix, texture descriptors based on histogram and moment invariants. Seven discriminant features were selected and input for classification purposes using three classifiers: hybrid artificial neural network–ant bee colony (ANN–ABC), hybrid artificial neural network–biogeography based optimization (ANN–BBO) and Fisher linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Mean correct classification rates (CCR), resulted in 94.04%, 89.23%, and 93.99%, for hybrid ANN–ABC; hybrid ANN–BBO; and LDA classifiers, respectively. Best classifier mean area under curve (AUC), mean sensitivity, and mean specificity, were computed for the five tree varieties under study, resulting in: 1–Cydonia oblonga (quince) 0.991 (ANN–ABC), 95.89% (ANN–ABC), 95.91% (ANN–ABC); 2–Eucalyptus camaldulensis dehn (river red gum) 1.00 (LDA), 100% (LDA), 100% (LDA); 3–Malus pumila (apple) 0.996 (LDA), 96.63% (LDA), 94.99% (LDA); 4–Pistacia atlantica (mt. Atlas mastic tree) 0.979 (LDA), 91.71% (LDA), 82.57% (LDA); and 5–Prunus armeniaca (apricot) 0.994 (LDA), 88.67% (LDA), 94.65% (LDA), respectively.
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Martinez, A. M., and A. C. Kak. "PCA versus LDA." IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence 23, no. 2 (2001): 228–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/34.908974.
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Zakrzewski, T., and P. Bogusławski. "Transition Metal Ions in Semiconductors: LDA, LDA+U, and Experiment." Acta Physica Polonica A 127, no. 2 (February 2015): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.127.321.
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Gao, Dongrui, Rui Zhang, Tiejun Liu, Fali Li, Teng Ma, Xulin Lv, Peiyang Li, Dezhong Yao, and Peng Xu. "Enhanced Z-LDA for Small Sample Size Training in Brain-Computer Interface Systems." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/680769.
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Background. Usually the training set of online brain-computer interface (BCI) experiment is small. For the small training set, it lacks enough information to deeply train the classifier, resulting in the poor classification performance during online testing.Methods. In this paper, on the basis of Z-LDA, we further calculate the classification probability of Z-LDA and then use it to select the reliable samples from the testing set to enlarge the training set, aiming to mine the additional information from testing set to adjust the biased classification boundary obtained from the small training set. The proposed approach is an extension of previous Z-LDA and is named enhanced Z-LDA (EZ-LDA).Results. We evaluated the classification performance of LDA, Z-LDA, and EZ-LDA on simulation and real BCI datasets with different sizes of training samples, and classification results showed EZ-LDA achieved the best classification performance.Conclusions. EZ-LDA is promising to deal with the small sample size training problem usually existing in online BCI system.
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Constable, Peter D., Gay Y. Miller, Glen F. Hoffsis, Bruce L. Hull, and D. Michael Rings. "Risk factors for abomasal volvulus and left abomasal displacement in cattle." American Journal of Veterinary Research 53, no. 7 (July 1, 1992): 1184–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1992.53.7.1184.
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Summary A hospital-based case-control study was conducted to evaluate and compare risk factors for abomasal volvulus (av) and left displaced abomasum (lda) in cattle. Medical record abstracts were derived from 17 North American veterinary schools by the Veterinary Medical Data Program for all cattle admitted between Jan 1, 1977 and Dec 31, 1986, and for those with a diagnosis of av or lda. From a total of 108,956 individual cattle records, 1,036 cases of av and 7,695 cases of lda were identified, with a ratio of LDA to AV cases of 7.4 to 1. In-hospital mortality was 23.5% for av and 5.6% for lda. Age, breed, gender, and season each had significant (P < 0.05) effects on risk for av and lda. Risk for av and lda increased with increasing age, with greater risk in cattle aged 4 to 7 years. Dairy cattle were at higher risk of developing av (adjusted odds ratio, 36.4) and lda (adjusted odds ratio, 95.2) than were beef cattle. The odds of AV in Brown Swiss cattle were significantly (P < 0.0001) lower, and the odds of lda in Guernsey cattle were significantly (P < 0.0001) higher than those in Holstein cattle. Female cattle were also at higher risk of developing av (adjusted odds ratio, 3.3) and lda (adjusted odds ratio, 29.1) than were male cattle. The odds of av and LDA varied considerably throughout the year, with the lowest number of cases observed in autumn. Seasonal development of AV differed significantly (P < 0.0001) from that of LDA, with the odds of av and lda being highest in January and March, respectively. The medical records for all cattle with av and lda examined at the teaching hospital over a 10- and 5-year period, respectively, were reviewed, and the time interval since parturition, as well as the existence and nature of concurrent disease, were recorded. Proportionately fewer cases of av than lda developed during the first 2 weeks after parturition (28.3% of av cases vs. 57.0% of lda cases). Concurrent disease existed in 30.4% of av cases and 53.6% of LDA cases, with the rates of concurrent disease differing significantly (P < 0.0001) between the 2 groups. The mis-classification rate for data generated at the teaching hospital was estimated to be 6.5% for av and 5.3% for lda. On the basis of the findings of this study, we hypothesize that: abomasal atony is a prerequisite for av and lda; existence of an abdominal void immediately after parturition facilitates development of AV and lda; normal rumen volume provides a moderately effective barrier against lda; risk of lda does not increase appreciably with advancing pregnancy; and the direction of abomasal displacement (av or lda) after abomasal atony and dilation is influenced principally by rumen volume.
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Gorlier, Clémence, Ana-Maria Orbai, Déborah Puyraimond-Zemmour, Laura C. Coates, Uta Kiltz, Ying-Ying Leung, Penelope Palominos, et al. "Comparing patient-perceived and physician-perceived remission and low disease activity in psoriatic arthritis: an analysis of 410 patients from 14 countries." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 78, no. 2 (November 15, 2018): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-214140.
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BackgroundThe objective was to compare different definitions of remission and low disease activity (LDA) in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), based on both patients’ and physicians’ perspectives.MethodsIn ReFlap (Remission/Flare in PsA; NCT03119805), adults with physician-confirmed PsA and >2 years of disease duration in 14 countries were included. Remission was defined as very low disease activity (VLDA), Disease Activity index for PSoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) ≤4, and physician-perceived and patient-perceived remission (specific question yes/no), and LDA as minimal disease activity (MDA), DAPSA <14, and physician-perceived and patient-perceived LDA. Frequencies of these definitions, their agreement (prevalence-adjusted kappa), and sensitivity and specificity versus patient-defined status were assessed cross-sectionally.ResultsOf 410 patients, the mean age (SD) was 53.9 (12.5) years, 50.7% were male, disease duration was 11.2 (8.2) years, 56.8% were on biologics, and remission/LDA was frequently attained: respectively, for remission from 12.4% (VLDA) to 36.1% (physician-perceived remission), and for LDA from 25.4% (MDA) to 43.9% (patient-perceived LDA). Thus, patient-perceived remission/LDA was frequent (65.4%). Agreement between patient-perceived remission/LDA and composite scores was moderate to good (kappa range, 0.12–0.65). When patient-perceived remission or LDA status is used as reference, DAPSA-defined remission/LDA and VLDA/MDA had a sensitivity of 73.1% and 51.5%, respectively, and a specificity of 76.8% and 88.0%, respectively. Physician-perceived remission/LDA using a single question was frequent (67.6%) but performed poorly against other definitions.ConclusionIn this unselected population, remission/LDA was frequently attained. VLDA/MDA was a more stringent definition than DAPSA-based remission/LDA. DAPSA-based remission/LDA performed better than VLDA/MDA to detect patient-defined remission or remission/LDA. Further studies of long-term outcomes are needed.
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Urban, Maria Letizia, Alessandra Bettiol, Irene Mattioli, Giacomo Emmi, Gerardo Di Scala, Laura Avagliano, Niccolò Lombardi, et al. "Comparison of treatments for the prevention of fetal growth restriction in obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome: a systematic review and network meta-analysis." Internal and Emergency Medicine 16, no. 5 (January 21, 2021): 1357–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02609-4.
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AbstractWomen with criteria and non-criteria obstetric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) carry an increased risk of pregnancy complications, including fetal growth restriction (FGR). The management of obstetric APS traditionally involves clinicians, obstetricians and gynaecologists; however, the most appropriate prophylactic treatment strategy for FGR prevention in APS is still debated. We performed a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NetMA) to summarize current evidence on pharmacological treatments for the prevention of FGR in APS. We searched PubMed and Embase from inception until July 2020, for randomized controlled trials and prospective studies on pregnant women with criteria or non-criteria obstetric APS. NetMA using a frequentist framework were conducted for the primary outcome (FGR) and for secondary outcomes (fetal or neonatal death and preterm birth). Adverse events were narratively summarised. Out of 1124 citations, we included eight studies on 395 pregnant patients with obstetric APS treated with low-dose aspirin (LDA) + unfractionated heparin (UFH) (n = 132 patients), LDA (n = 115), LDA + low molecular weight heparin (n = 100), LDA + corticosteroids (n = 29), LDA + UFH + intravenous immunoglobulin (n = 7), or untreated (n = 12). No difference among treatments emerged in terms of FGR prevention, but estimates were largely imprecise, and most studies were at high/unclear risk of bias. An increased risk of fetal or neonatal death was found for LDA monotherapy as compared to LDA + heparin, and for no treatment as compared to LDA + corticosteroids. The risk of preterm birth was higher for LDA + UFH + IVIg as compared to LDA or LDA + heparin, and for LDA + corticosteroids as compared to LDA or LDA + LMWH. No treatment was associated with an increased risk of bleeding, thrombocytopenia or osteopenia.
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Lee, Seok Jin, Chi Min Oh, and Chil Woo Lee. "Improved Face Recognition Using 2D-LDA with Weighted Covariance Scatter." Applied Mechanics and Materials 571-572 (June 2014): 741–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.571-572.741.
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In this paper, we propose a newly developed 2D-LDA method based on weighted covariance scatter for face recognition. Existing LDA uses the transform matrix that maximizes distances between classes. In LDA, we have to convert from an image to one-dimensional vector as training vector. In 2D-LDA, on the other hand, we can directly use two-dimensional image itself as training matrix, so that the classification performance can be enhanced about 20% comparing LDA, since the training matrix preserves the spatial information of two-dimensional image. However 2D-LDA uses same calculation schema for transformation matrix and therefore both LDA and 2D-LDA has the heteroscedastic problem which means that the class classification cannot obtain beneficial information of spatial distances of class clusters since LDA uses only data correlation-based covariance matrix of the training data without any reference to distances between classes. In this paper, we propose a new method to apply training matrix of 2D-LDA by using WPS-LDA idea that calculates the reciprocal of distance between classes and apply this weight to between class scatter matrix. To evaluate the performance of proposed algorithm, we use the ORL face database that includes 40 people and 10 images individually. The experimental result shows that the discriminating power of proposed 2D-LDA with weighted between class scatter has been improved up to 2% than original 2D-LDA. This method has good performance especially when the distance between two classes is very close and the dimension of projection axis is low.
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Dibwe, Dya Fita, Saki Oba, Nire Takeishi, Toshihiro Sakurai, Takayuki Tsukui, Hitoshi Chiba, and Shu-Ping Hui. "Food-Derived β-Carboline Alkaloids Ameliorate Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Human Hepatocytes." Pharmaceuticals 15, no. 5 (May 5, 2022): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph15050578.
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Lipid droplet accumulation (LDA) in hepatocytes is the initial stage of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In the search for natural compounds for the prevention of NAFLD, a series of β-carboline alkaloid derivatives, inspired by flazin and its derivative, newly identified in Crassostrea gigas Thunberg. extracts, were examined for LDA inhibition (LDAI) activity in oleic acid–loaded hepatocytes (HepG2). Eight compounds with a piperidine or pyridine C-ring were chemically synthesized (1–8). Among them, compounds 2 and 4 (flazin) with a carboxy group at C-3 and furfuryl alcohol moiety at C-1 showed low cytotoxicity and they exhibited significant LDAI activity. Compound 2 with piperidine C-ring was identified for the first time in C. gigas extract, and ameliorated the lipid accumulation with the LDAI value of 25.4%. Active compounds 2 and 4 significantly inhibited triacylglycerol species accumulation in cells. These compounds upregulated ATGL and downregulated SREBP1, FASN, and SCD1 genes, suggesting that they activated lipolysis and suppressed lipogenesis, respectively. These results suggest that β-carboline alkaloids, especially compounds 2 and 4, might be potentially useful for preventing NAFLD.
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McHUGH, E. S., A. P. SHINN, and J. W. KAY. "Discrimination of the notifiable pathogen Gyrodactylus salaris from G. thymalli (Monogenea) using statistical classifiers applied to morphometric data." Parasitology 121, no. 3 (September 2000): 315–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099006381.
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The identification and discrimination of 2 closely related and morphologically similar species of Gyrodactylus, G. salaris and G. thymalli, were assessed using the statistical classification methodologies Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and k-Nearest Neighbours (KNN). These statistical methods were applied to morphometric measurements made on the gyrodactylid attachment hooks. The mean estimated classification percentages of correctly identifying each species were 98·1% (LDA) and 97·9% (KNN) for G. salaris and 99·9% (LDA) and 73·2% (KNN) for G. thymalli. The analysis was expanded to include another 2 closely related species and the new classification efficiencies were 94·6% (LDA) and 98·0% (KNN) for G. salaris; 98·2% (LDA) and 72·6% (KNN) for G. thymalli; 86·7% (LDA) and 91·8% (KNN) for G. derjavini; and 76·5% (LDA) and 77·7% (KNN) for G. truttae. The higher correct classification scores of G. salaris and G. thymalli by the LDA classifier in the 2-species analysis over the 4-species analysis suggested the development of a 2-stage classifier. The mean estimated correct classification scores were 99·97% (LDA) and 99·99% (KNN) for the G. salaris–G. thymalli pairing and 99·4% (LDA) and 99·92% (KNN) for the G. derjavini–G. truttae pairing. Assessment of the 2-stage classifier using only marginal hook data was very good with classification efficiencies of 100% (LDA) and 99·6% (KNN) for the G. salaris–G. thymalli pairing and 97·2% (LDA) and 99·2% (KNN) for the G. derjavini–G. truttae pairing. Paired species were then discriminated individually in the second stage of the classifier using data from the full set of hooks. These analyses demonstrate that using the methods of LDA and KNN statistical classification, the discrimination of closely related and pathogenic species of Gyrodactylus may be achieved using data derived from light microscope studies.
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Coates, Laura C., Philip J. Mease, Dafna D. Gladman, Sandra Navarra, Weibin Bao, and Corine Gaillez. "Secukinumab improves physical function and quality of life and inhibits structural damage in patients with PsA with sustained remission or low disease activity: results from the 2-year phase 3 FUTURE 5 study." RMD Open 9, no. 2 (April 2023): e002939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/rmdopen-2022-002939.
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ObjectiveTo investigate the impact of sustained low disease activity (LDA)/remission (REM) on physical function, quality of life (QoL) and structural outcomes in secukinumab-treated psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients from the FUTURE 5 study.MethodsFUTURE 5 was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, phase 3 study in patients with active PsA. Patients were categorised according to LDA (Minimal Disease Activity, MDA/Disease Activity index for Psoriatic Arthritis, DAPSA LDA+REM) or REM (very LDA/DAPSA REM): not achieving LDA/REM, achieving it once or sustained LDA/REM ≥3 times up to week 104. Key outcomes were improvements in Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index and Short Form-36 Physical Component Summary Score, proportion of non-radiographic progressors and predictors of sustained LDA response.ResultsPatients were randomised (N=996) into the following treatment groups: secukinumab 300 mg (N=222), secukinumab 150 mg loading (N=220)/non-loading (N=222) and placebo (N=332). Baseline characteristics were comparable between patients with sustained DAPSA and MDA responses. By week 104, 48%–81% and 19%–36% of the secukinumab-treated patients achieved sustained LDA and REM, respectively. Numerically greater improvements in physical function and QoL were observed with sustained LDA/REM versus LDA/REM achieved once or not at all, although patients reached the established minimal clinically important difference for all composite indices. A high proportion of secukinumab-treated patients were non-structural progressors at 2 years irrespective of achieving sustained LDA/REM. Younger age, lower body mass index at baseline, reduced tender joint count and PsA pain at week 16 were key predictors of sustained LDA in secukinumab-treated patients.ConclusionSustained LDA/REM was associated with improvements in physical function, QoL and inhibition of structural damage progression.
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Barus, Ikuthen Gabriel, and Riko Arlando Saragih. "Simulasi Ektraksi Citra Wajah dengan Deskriptor Global Direct Fractional-Step Linear Discriminant Analysis (DF-LDA) untuk Pengenalan Wajah." Techné : Jurnal Ilmiah Elektroteknika 14, no. 01 (April 1, 2015): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31358/techne.v14i01.124.
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Tulisan ini memaparkan simulasi ekstraksi citra wajah secara global dengan menggunakan salah satu teknik Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), yaitu Direct Fractional-Step LDA (DF-LDA) untuk pengenalan wajah. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi unjuk kerja teknik ini terhadap masalah small sample size (SSS) yang sering muncul di dalam pengenalan wajah. Pada dasarnya teknik berbasis LDA ini (DF-LDA) merupakan kombinasi dari teknik D-LDA dan F-LDA, dimana untuk merepresentasikan citra wajah secara global secara efisien dapat ditambahkan sebuah fungsi pembobot (weighting function) dengan bertahap secara langsung dan fraksional pada proses LDA. Proses pencocokan dilakukan dengan mencari jarak Euclidean minimum antara ciri citra wajah uji terhadap ciri citra wajah latih yang terdapat di dalam database. Dari hasil simulasi untuk Database Face Recognition Data dan Database Mahasiswa Maranatha diperoleh akurasi pengenalan wajah yang lebih baik untuk kondisi jumlah citra wajah satu per orang di dalam proses pelatihan jika database wajah diproses secara terpisah.
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Poomsalood, N., P. Narongroeknawin, S. Chaiamnuay, P. Asavatanabodee, and R. Pakchotanon. "Prolonged clinical remission and low disease activity statuses are associated with better quality of life in systemic lupus erythematosus." Lupus 28, no. 10 (July 15, 2019): 1189–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203319862614.
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Objective The objective of this study was to determine the association between disease activity status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods SLE patients in an out-patient clinic during the previous 12 months were included in the study. The Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-specific Quality-of-Life questionnaire (SLEQoL) was administered at the last visit. Disease activity status was determined retrospectively during the previous year. The categories of disease activity status were defined as: clinical remission (CR): clinical quiescent disease according to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000, prednisolone ≤ 5 mg/day; low disease activity (LDA): SLEDAI-2K (without serological domain) ≤ 2, prednisolone ≤ 7.5 mg/day; and non-optimally controlled status: for those who were not in CR/LDA. Immunosuppressive drugs (maintenance dose) and antimalarials were allowed. Prolonged CR or LDA was defined as those with sustained CR or LDA for at least one year. The association between disease activity status and HRQoL was assessed by using regression analysis adjusting for other covariates. Results Of 237 SLE patients, 100 patients (42.2%) achieved prolonged CR, 46 patients (19.4%) achieved prolonged LDA and 91 patients (38.4%) were not in CR/LDA. Non-CR/LDA patients had significantly higher total SLEQoL score and in all domains compared to CR/LDA patients. No significant difference in SLEQoL domain scores was found between CR and LDA groups. Multivariable analysis revealed that non-CR/LDA was positively associated with SLEQoL score compared with CR/LDA (β 20.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6.81–33.23, p < 0.003). Moreover, non-CR/LDA was at a higher risk of impaired QoL (SLEQoL score > 80) compared with CR (hazard ratio 3.8; 95% CI 1.82–7.95; p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between CR and LDA in terms of SLEQoL score or impaired QoL. Other factors associated with higher SLEQoL score were damage index (β 9.51, 95% CI 3.52–15.49, p = 0.002) and anemia (β 24.99, 95% CI 5.71–44.27, p = 0.01). Conclusion Prolonged CR and LDA are associated with better HRQoL in SLE patients and have a comparable effect. Prolonged CR or optional LDA may be used as the treatment goal of a treat to target approach in SLE.
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Valkhoff, Vera E., Miriam CJM Sturkenboom, Catherine Hill, Sander Veldhuyzen van Zanten, and Ernst J. Kuipers. "Low-Dose Acetylsalicylic Acid Use and the Risk of Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials and Observational Studies." Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology 27, no. 3 (2013): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/596015.
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BACKGROUND: Low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (LDA, 75 mg/day to 325 mg/day) is recommended for primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, but has been linked to an increased risk of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB).OBJECTIVE: To analyze the magnitude of effect of LDA use on UGIB risk.METHODS: The PubMed and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting UGIB rates in individuals receiving LDA, and observational studies of LDA use in patients with UGIB. Studies were pooled for analysis of UGIB rates.RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included. Seven RCTs reported UGIB rates in individuals randomly assigned to receive LDA (n=22,901) or placebo (n=22,923). Ten case-control studies analyzed LDA use in patients with UGIB (n=10,816) and controls without UGIB (n=30,519); one cohort study reported 207 UGIB cases treated with LDA only. All studies found LDA use to be associated with an increased risk of UGIB. The mean number of extra UGIB cases associated with LDA use in the RCTs was 1.2 per 1000 patients per year (95% CI 0.7 to 1.8). The number needed to harm was 816 (95% CI 560 to 1500) for RCTs and 819 (95% CI 617 to 1119) for observational studies. Meta-analysis of RCT data showed that LDA use was associated with a 50% increase in UGIB risk (OR 1.5 [95% CI 1.2 to 1.8]). UGIB risk was most pronounced in observational studies (OR 3.1 [95% CI 2.5 to 3.7]).CONCLUSIONS: LDA use was associated with an increased risk of UGIB.
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Al-Rawashdeh, O., Z. Bani Ismail, A. Talafha, and A. Al-Momani. "Changes of hematological and biochemical parameters and levels of pepsinogen, histamine and prostaglandins in dairy cows affected with left displacement of the abomasum." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2017-0002.
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Abstract The aims of this study were to determine the serum levels of pepsinogen, histamine, and prostaglandins F2α and E2 in lactating dairy cows affected with left displacement of the abomasum (LDA). In addition, the hematological and serum biochemical parameters were also determined in cows affected with LDA. A total of 52 adult lactating Holstein-Friesian cows affected with LDA and 30 normal cows (control) were used. In LDA cows, the average age, BCS and body weight were 4.9 ± 1.2 years, 2.5 ± 0.75, and 525 ± 150kg respectively. The average days-in-milk (DIM) in affected cows was 14 ± 6 with a range between 7 to 45 days. There were no significant differences in values of rectal temperature, heart rate and respiration rate between LDA cows and control. Rumen motility was significantly (p≤0.05) decreased in LDA cows. Cows affected with LDA had significantly (p≤0.05) increased glucose levels, and decreased levels of calcium and magnesium. There were significantly (p≤0.05) increased serum levels of pepsinogen and histamine in LDA cows while levels of prostaglandin E2 were significantly decreased in comparison to those in control cows. There were no significant changes in serum levels of prostaglandin F2α. In the hematology analyses, there were no significant changes in cows with LDA when compared to those in control cows. This study provides evidence of a possible role for pepsinogen, histamine and prostaglandin E2 in the etiopathophysiology of LDA in dairy cows.
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Baldock, D., M. Thoo, R. Connolly, and E. Baynton. "AB1060 EXPLORING DISEASE ACTIVITY AND PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS IN ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS (AS) IN EUROPE." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1752.3–1752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.564.
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BackgroundAnkylosing Spondylitis (AS) is a form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine. It causes inflammation of the spinal joints that can lead to severe, chronic pain and discomfort[1]. The Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) is the most frequently used patient-reported outcome to measure disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis. There is no validated definition for disease remission using BASDAI, although a threshold of ≤3 has been used in clinical trials for low disease activity[2].ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to examine AS patient characteristics of those with low disease activity (LDA) (BASDAI score ≤3), highlighting any nuances in treating these patients.MethodsA multi-centre online medical chart review study of patients with AS was conducted between July 2022 – September 2022 among UK, FR, DE, IT & ES rheumatologists practicing across hospital and private practices. Physicians were screened for practice duration and patient volume. Charts of patients prescribed with biologics were included in the analysis.Results262 sampled physicians collectively reported 524 AS patients. From the reported AS patients, 277 were recorded as having achieved LDA (‘LDA’) and 165 were recorded as not having achieved LDA (‘not LDA’). Among not LDA reported patients, a higher proportion were female vs the LDA cohort (32% vs 19%). Reported not LDA patients were more likely to suffer any additional co-morbidities vs LDA cohort (63% vs 44%).When analysing disease severity (physician-defined) status between these two patient groups, reported not LDA patients were more likely to be recorded as ‘mild’ at diagnosis vs LDA (14% vs 4%). In contrast, current (i.e. at time of consult) disease severity was more likely to be recorded as moderate/severe for the not LDA cohort vs the LDA cohort (76% vs 20%). In addition, reported not LDA patients recorded with higher mean disease and haematology scores.Table 1.Reported patient disease and haematology scores (mean)Reported AS patientsTender joint count (TJC)Swollen joint count (SJC)C-reactive protein (CRP)Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR)Achieved LDA0.80.410.73.6Not achieved LDA3.42.228.915.5The most prominent biologic therapy class used to treat both patient groups are still TNFis; notable JAKi usage is more prominent in the not LDA cohort vs the LDA cohort (9% vs 3%).ConclusionFrom the sample surveyed, it appears the not achieved LDA group are milder at diagnosis but show a greater disease severity/activity on their most recent consultation compared to the LDA cohort – it could be inferred that initial mild severity resulted in a lesser need to treat earlier and, as such, disease progression ensued. There may therefore be an argument to treat early with advanced therapies, regardless of initial disease severity. Further investigation using comparator cohort is warranted.References[1]Spondylitis Association of America - Ankylosing Spondylitis. 2022. Ankylosing Spondylitis Overview | SPONDYLITIS.ORG. [ONLINE] Available at:https://spondylitis.org/about-spondylitis/overview-of-spondyloarthritis/ankylosing-spondylitis/. [Accessed 23 November 2022].[2]PubMed. 2022. Minimal disease activity in axial spondyloarthritis: the need of the hour and a proposal for development - PubMed. [ONLINE] Available at:https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28376060/. [Accessed 23 November 2022].Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Yu, Dongjin, Yiyu Wu, Jingchao Sun, Zhiyong Ni, Youhuizi Li, Qing Wu, and Xufeng Chen. "Mining Hidden Interests from Twitter Based on Word Similarity and Social Relationship for OLAP." International Journal of Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering 27, no. 09n10 (November 2017): 1567–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218194017400113.
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Online Analytical Processing, or OLAP, is an approach to answering multidimensional analytical (MDA) queries in an interactive way. However, the traditional OLAP approaches can only deal with structured data, but not unstructured textual data like tweets. To address this problem, we propose a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)-based model, called Multilayered Semantic LDA (MS-LDA), which detects the hidden layered interests from Twitter data based on LDA. The layered dimension of interests can be further used to apply OLAP techniques to Twitter data. Furthermore, MS-LDA employs the semantic similarity among words of tweets based on word2vec, and also the social relationship among twitters, to improve its effectiveness. The extensive experiments demonstrate that MS-LDA can effectively extract the dimension hierarchy of tweeters' interests for OLAP.
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Song, Eun-Sik, Sang Il Jung, Hyung-Jin Park, Kyoung-Won Seo, Jeong-Hoon Son, Sanghyun Hong, Minkyung Shim, Hyeun Bum Kim, and Kun-Ho Song. "Comparison of Fecal Microbiota between German Holstein Dairy Cows with and without Left-Sided Displacement of the Abomasum." Journal of Clinical Microbiology 54, no. 4 (February 3, 2016): 1140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.02442-15.
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One of the most common diseases in high-performance German Holstein dairy cows is left-sided displacement of the abomasum (LDA). Hypomotility of the abomasum is detrimental during the pathogenesis of LDA. It is known that improper interactions between the gut microbiota and the enteric nervous system contribute to dysfunctions of gastrointestinal motility. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbial composition will be different between German Holstein dairy cows with and without LDA. We used 16S rRNA gene analysis to evaluate whether there are any differences in bacterial composition between German Holstein dairy cows with and without LDA. Even though our data are limited to being used to correlate compositional changes with corresponding functional aspects in the pathogenesis of LDA, results from this study show that the fecal microbial compositions of German Holstein dairy cows with LDA shifted and were less diverse than those in normal cows. In particular,Spirochaeteswere absent in cows with LDA.
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Boehncke, W. H., A. B. Gottlieb, E. Soriano, A. Ogdie, O. Ziouzina, E. Rampakakis, X. L. Xu, et al. "POS0082 A NOVEL PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS COMPOSITE ENDPOINT COMBINING TREATMENT TARGETS FOR SKIN AND JOINTS: POOLED RESULTS FROM THE GUSELKUMAB DISCOVER-1 AND DISCOVER-2 STUDIES." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 81, Suppl 1 (May 23, 2022): 261–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.1070.
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BackgroundPsoriatic arthritis (PsA) is characterized by a range of musculoskeletal and extra-articular disease manifestations. Composite indices are valuable tools to assess the multidimensional nature of PsA. The Psoriatic Arthritis Disease Activity Score (PASDAS)1 provides robust assessment of both joint and skin domains but is cumbersome to use in clinical practice. The Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA)2 is relatively easy to use but does not assess skin disease.ObjectivesUsing pooled data from the phase 3 DISCOVER-1 and DISCOVER-2 studies of guselkumab (GUS) for the treatment of active PsA:3,4 (1) Describe the rate of achievement of a new composite endpoint combining DAPSA low disease activity (LDA; score ≤14, including remission) and Investigator Global Assessment (IGA) of psoriasis score ≤1 (range=0 [clear] to 4 [severe]); (2) Determine whether earlier (Week [W] 16) DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 is predictive of future achievement of minimal disease activity (MDA) or American College of Rheumatology (ACR) 50 response criteria; and (3) Contrast the performance of DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 with that of PASDAS LDA (score ≤3.2).MethodsPatients (pts) with active PsA despite standard therapies (DISCOVER-1: ≥3 swollen + ≥3 tender joints; CRP ≥0.3 mg/dL; ~30% had prior use of up to 2 TNF inhibitors; DISCOVER-2: ≥5 swollen + ≥5 tender joints; CRP ≥0.6 mg/dL; all pts were biologic-naïve) were randomized 1:1:1 to GUS 100 mg at W0, W4, then Q4W or Q8W; or placebo (PBO) with crossover to GUS Q4W at W24. In both studies, efficacy of GUS vs PBO was compared at W24 (primary endpoint). The number (%) of pts with DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 was determined at W24 for pts randomized to GUS or PBO. For all GUS-randomized pts, baseline variables associated with DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 and PASDAS LDA at W16 and the predictive value of W16 DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 or PASDAS LDA for achieving ACR50, MDA, and DAPSA LDA at W52 were assessed using logistic regression models.ResultsAt W24, DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 was met by 37% (277/748) of GUS-treated pts vs 13% (48/372) in the PBO group. At W16, 27% (203/748) of GUS-randomized pts had DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1, and 22% (164/748) had PASDAS LDA. Among the 73% (545/748) of pts who did not have DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 at W16, most (77% [418/545]) had IGA ≤1 but not DAPSA LDA; 4% (23/545) had DAPSA LDA but not IGA ≤1, and 19% (104/545) had neither component. Baseline predictors of DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 at W16 were male gender, lower dactylitis score, lower Health Assessment Questionnaire-Disability Index (HAQ-DI) score, lower tender joint count (TJC), and higher Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score. Baseline predictors of PASDAS LDA at W16 were younger age, lower dactylitis score, lower HAQ-DI score, lower TJC, and higher PASI score. As shown (Figure 1), pts who had DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 and PASDAS LDA at W16 were significantly more likely to achieve ACR50, MDA, and DAPSA LDA at W52 than pts without W16 responses; odds ratios (ORs) for achievement of ACR50, MDA, and DAPSA LDA responses at W52 were similar for pts who had DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 and for pts who had PASDAS LDA at W16. ORs for achievement of ACR50 and MDA at W52 were higher for pts who had both DAPSA LDA and IGA ≤1 at W16 (9.5 and 10.7) than for pts who had DAPSA LDA but not IGA ≤1 (6.5 and 3.5) or IGA ≤1 but not DAPSA LDA (1.6 and 1.5).ConclusionDAPSA LDA at W16 predicted future (W52) achievement of the stringent treatment targets of ACR50 and MDA; associations with W52 response were greater when W16 IGA ≤1 was added to DAPSA LDA. DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 at W16 as a predictor of W52 ACR50 and MDA response performed similarly to PASDAS LDA. The novel composite of DAPSA LDA + IGA ≤1 may be a reliable predictor of long-term PsA skin and joint response that is more practical to implement than the PASDAS.References[1]Helliwell PS et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2013;72:986-91.[2]Schoels M et al. Ann Rheum Dis 2010;69:1441-47.[3]Deodhar A et al. Lancet 2020;395:1115-25.[4]Mease PJ et al. Lancet 2020;395:1126-36.Disclosure of InterestsWolf-Henning Boehncke Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Almirall, Janssen, Leo, Lilly, Novartis, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Almirall, Janssen, Leo, Lilly, Novartis, and UCB, Alice B Gottlieb Consultant of: AnaptsysBio, Avotres Therapeutics, Beiersdorf, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb Co., Incyte, GSK, Janssen, LEO Pharma, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries, Inc., UCB, and Dermavant, Grant/research support from: Boehringer Ingelheim, Incyte, Janssen, Novartis, UCB, Xbiotech, and Sun Pharma, Enrique Soriano Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Bristol Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, and Roche, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and UCB, Alexis Ogdie Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, CorEvitas, Gilead, Happify Health, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Pfizer and Novartis and to Forward from Amgen, Olga Ziouzina Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, Novartis, Eli Lilly, Pfizer, UCB, Celltrion, and Fresenius-Kabi, Emmanouil Rampakakis Consultant of: Janssen, Employee of: JSS Medical Research, Xie L Xu Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Soumya D Chakravarty Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Scientific Affairs, LLC, May Shawi Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Marilise Marrache Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Inc, Alexa Kollmeier Shareholder of: Johnson & Johnson, Employee of: Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Atul Deodhar Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, Aurinia, Bristol Myers Squibb, Celgene, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen, MoonLake, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Eli Lilly, GlaxoSmithKline, Novartis, Pfizer, and UCB
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Hamann, Philip D. H., John D. Pauling, Neil McHugh, Gavin Shaddick, Kimme Hyrich, Nicola Maiden, Tom Price, et al. "Predictors, demographics and frequency of sustained remission and low disease activity in anti-tumour necrosis factor–treated rheumatoid arthritis patients." Rheumatology 58, no. 12 (June 1, 2019): 2162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kez188.
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Abstract Objectives To investigate the frequency and predictors of sustained 28-joint DAS (DAS28) remission and low disease activity (LDA) in patients receiving anti-TNF therapy and changes in responses over a 12 year period. Methods Data from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Registry for Rheumatoid Arthritis were used. Sustained remission and LDA were defined according to DAS28-ESR thresholds sustained for 6 months. The dataset was dichotomized into sequential chronological subgroups (2001–2010 and 2010–2013). Predictive variables were identified from a previous systematic review and modelled using multivariable logistic regression. Results Overall, 2144 (14.9%) and 3802 (26.3%) patients achieved sustained remission or LDA, respectively. Positive predictors of sustained remission/LDA included adalimumab (vs etanercept), greater patient global assessment, never- and ex-smoker status (vs current smoking), greater swollen joint count, more recent commencement of anti-TNF and MTX co-prescription (except in the 2010–2013 subgroup). Negative predictors of sustained remission and LDA included poor baseline functional status (HAQ), female gender, older age at starting anti-TNF, infliximab use (vs etanercept), increasing BMI and greater baseline ESR. Increasing tender joint count was negatively associated with sustained LDA only. The overall proportion of patients achieving sustained remission and LDA has increased significantly over time. Conclusion Sustained remission/LDA on anti-TNF treatment remains uncommon. Adalimumab use, greater patient global assessment, never- and ex-smoker status, greater swollen joint count, more recent commencement of anti-TNF and MTX co-prescription are associated with achievement of sustained remission/LDA. However, co-prescription of MTX was not associated with an increased likelihood of achieving sustained remission or LDA in the analysis of more recent anti-TNF responses.
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Jing, X. Y., D. Zhang, and Y. Y. Tang. "An Improved LDA Approach." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics) 34, no. 5 (October 2004): 1942–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsmcb.2004.831770.
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Andriotis, Antonis N. "LDA exchange-energy functional." Physical Review B 58, no. 23 (December 15, 1998): 15300–15303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.58.15300.
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Jani, P., A. Nagy, Z. Lipp, and A. Czitrovszky. "Velosizer - photoncorrelation LDA system." Journal of Aerosol Science 31 (September 2000): 390–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-8502(00)90401-4.
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Liang, Yixiong, Weiguo Gong, Yingjun Pan, and Weihong Li. "Generalizing relevance weighted LDA." Pattern Recognition 38, no. 11 (November 2005): 2217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.patcog.2005.04.014.
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Fine, Jo-David. "LDA-1 Monoclonal Antibody." Archives of Dermatology 122, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.1986.01660130052024.
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Lee, Chih, Brittany Nkounkou, and Chun-Hsi Huang. "Comparison of LDA and SPRT on Clinical Dataset Classifications." Biomedical Informatics Insights 4 (January 2011): BII.S6935. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/bii.s6935.
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In this work, we investigate the well-known classification algorithm LDA as well as its close relative SPRT. SPRT affords many theoretical advantages over LDA. It allows specification of desired classification error rates α and β and is expected to be faster in predicting the class label of a new instance. However, SPRT is not as widely used as LDA in the pattern recognition and machine learning community. For this reason, we investigate LDA, SPRT and a modified SPRT (MSPRT) empirically using clinical datasets from Parkinson's disease, colon cancer, and breast cancer. We assume the same normality assumption as LDA and propose variants of the two SPRT algorithms based on the order in which the components of an instance are sampled. Leave-one-out cross-validation is used to assess and compare the performance of the methods. The results indicate that two variants, SPRT-ordered and MSPRT-ordered, are superior to LDA in terms of prediction accuracy. Moreover, on average SPRT-ordered and MSPRT-ordered examine less components than LDA before arriving at a decision. These advantages imply that SPRT-ordered and MSPRT-ordered are the preferred algorithms over LDA when the normality assumption can be justified for a dataset.
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Serizawa, Midori, and Ichiro Kobayashi. "Topic Tracking Based on Identifying Proper Number of the Latent Topics in Documents." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 16, no. 5 (July 20, 2012): 611–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2012.p0611.
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In this paper, we propose a method for detecting and tracking topics of newspaper articles based on the latent semantics of the documents. We use Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to extract latent topics. In using LDA, we have to provide the number of latent topics in target documents in advance. To do so, perplexity is widely used as a metric for estimating the number of latent topics in documents. As a solution, we estimate the number of latent topics without any prior information in the case of using Hierarchical Dirichlet Process LDA (HDP-LDA). We propose a method to estimate the number of latent topics in target documents based on calculating the similarity among extracted topics, and conduct an experiment with three data sets to compare the method with the above two representative methods, i.e., HDP-LDA and LDA using perplexity. From experimental results, we confirmed that our method can provide results similar to that of HDP-LDA. We also detect and track topics by means of our proposed method and confirm that our method is useful.
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Mentari, Mustika, Yuita Arum Sari, and Ratih Kartika Dewi. "Deteksi Kanker Kulit Melanoma dengan Linear Discriminant Analysis-Fuzzy k-Nearest Neigbhour Lp-Norm." Register: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem Informasi 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2016): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.26594/r.v2i1.443.
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Abstrak
Seiring perkembangan teknologi dilakukan otomatisasi deteksi kanker kulit melalui citra dermoscopy. Pengambilan informasi fitur citra dermoscopy terganggu dengan outlier dan overfitting, karena faktor jenis kulit, penyebaran kanker yang tidak merata atau kesalahan sampling. Penelitian ini mengusulkan deteksi kanker kulit melanoma dengan mengintegrasikan metode fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbour (FuzzykNN), Lp-norm dan Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) untuk mengurangi outlier dan overfitting. Masukan berupa citra warna RGB yang dinormalisasi menjadi RGBr. Reduksi dimensi dengan LDA menghasilkan fitur dengan nilai eigen paling menonjol. LDA pada penelitian ini menghasilkan dua fitur paling menonjol dari 141 jenis fitur, yaitu wilayah tumor dan minimum wilayah tumor channel R. Kemudian dilakukan klasifikasi FuzzykNN dan metode pengukur jarak Lp-norm. Penggunaan metode LDA dan Lp-norm dalam proses klasifikasi ini mengatasi terjadinya overfitting. Akurasi yang dihasilkan metode LDA-fuzzykNN Lp Norm, yaitu 72% saat masing-masing nilai p dan k = 25. Metode gabungan ini terbukti cukup baik dari pada metode yang dijalankan terpisah.
Kata kunci: melanoma, fuzzy, KNN, Lp-norm, LDA.
Abstract
As the advancement of technology skin cancer detection need to be automated with the use of dermoscopy image. Outlier and overfitting are the problem in feature extraction of dermoscopy image, this can be caused by skin type, uneven cancer distribution or sampling error. This study proposed melanoma skin cancer detection by fuzzy K-Nearest Neighbour (FuzzykNN) with Lp-norm integrated with Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) to reduce the problem of outlier and overfitting. Input used in this study are images with RGB channel, then it adapted to RGBr. Dimensional reduction with LDA result in features with highest eigen value. LDA in this research select 2 discriminant, they are tumor area and minimum tumor area in R channel. This features then classified by fuzzykNN with Lp-Norm. Integration of LDA and Lp-norm in classification can reduce the problem of overfitting. This study results in 72% accuracy when the value of p and k are 25. Integration of LDA and fuzzykNN with Lp-norm has better result than unintegrated method.
Key word: melanoma, fuzzy, KNN, Lp-norm, LDA.
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Chi, Tianyu, Quchuan Zhao, and Peili Wang. "Fecal 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing Analysis of Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Rats with Low-Dose Aspirin-Related Intestinal Injury." BioMed Research International 2021 (April 13, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8848686.
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Background. The incidence of small intestinal injury caused by low-dose aspirin (LDA) is high, but the pathogenesis and intervention measures of it have not been elucidated. Recent studies have found gut microbiota to be closely associated with onset and development of NSAID-induced intestinal injury. However, studies of the changes in the gut microbiota of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury have been lacking recently. In this study, we investigated fecal 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis of changes in the gut microbiota of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury. Methods. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat models of small intestinal injury were established by intragastric administration of LDA. The small intestinal tissues and the fecal samples were harvested. The fecal samples were then analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicons. The gut microbiota composition and diversity were analyzed and compared using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis, the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) clustering analysis, multivariate statistical analysis (ANOSIM, MetaStats, and LEfSe), and spatial statistics. Results. The LDA rat model was successfully established. Decreased Firmicutes and increased Bacteroidetes abundances in rats with LDA-induced small intestinal injury were revealed. MetaStats analysis between the before administration of LDA (CG) and after administration of LDA (APC) groups showed that the intestinal floras exhibiting significant differences ( P < 0.05 , q < 0.1 ) were Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Cyanobacteria, Melainabacteria, Coriobacteriia, Bacteroidia, Bacteroidales, Eubacteriaceae, and Streptococcaceae. In addition, the bacterial taxa showing significant differences between the control (NS) and APC groups were Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Verrucomicrobiaceae and Peptococcaceae. Conclusions. The alterations in the gut microbiota composition and diversity of rats with LDA-related intestinal injury were found in the present study. The change of gut microbiota in LDA-related intestinal injury will lay the foundation for further research on the function and signaling pathways of the intestinal flora and promote the use of intestinal flora as drug targets to treat LDA-induced small intestinal injury.
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Ajrouche, Aya, Candice Estellat, Yann De Rycke, and Florence Tubach. "Trajectories of Adherence to Low-Dose Aspirin Treatment Among the French Population." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 25, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1074248419865287.
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Background: Previous studies have shown that adherence to low-dose aspirin (LDA) is suboptimal. However, these studies were based on an average measure of adherence during follow-up, ignoring its dynamic process over time. We described the trajectories of adherence to LDA treatment among the French population over 3 years of follow-up. Methods: We identified a cohort of 11 793 new LDA users, aged ≥50 years in 2010, by using the French national health-care database. Patients included had at least 3 years of history in the database before study entry to exclude prevalent aspirin users and to assess baseline comorbidities. They were followed from the first date of LDA supply (the index date) until the first date among death, exit from the database, or 3 years after the index date. Adherence to LDA was assessed every 3 months by using the proportion of days covered (PDC) and dichotomized with a cutoff of PDC of 0.8. We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify trajectories of LDA adherence. Predictors of LDA adherence trajectory membership were identified by multinomial logistics regression. Results: We identified 4 trajectories of adherence among new LDA users: the not-adherents (4737 [40.2%]), the delayed not-adherents (gradual decrease in adherence probability, 1601 [13.6%]), the delayed adherents (gradual increase in adherence probability, 1137 [9.6%]), and the persistent adherents (4318 [36.6%]). The probability of belonging to the not-adherent group was increased with female sex, low socioeconomic status, and polymedication and was reduced with a secondary indication for LDA use, such as diabetes, hypertension, and dementia, at least 4 consultations in the previous year, or 1 hospitalization or a cardiologist consultation in the 3 months before the index date. Conclusion: This study provides a dynamic picture of adherence behaviors among new LDA users and underlines the presence of critical trajectories that intervention could target to improve adherence.
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Fleischmann, Roy, Désirée van der Heijde, Andrew S. Koenig, Ronald Pedersen, Annette Szumski, Lisa Marshall, and Eustratios Bananis. "How much does Disease Activity Score in 28 joints ESR and CRP calculations underestimate disease activity compared with the Simplified Disease Activity Index?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 74, no. 6 (August 20, 2014): 1132–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204920.
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ObjectivesDisease Activity Score in 28 joints calculated with C-reactive protein (DAS28-CRP) is used instead of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR) to assess rheumatoid arthritis disease activity; however, values for remission and low disease activity (LDA) for DAS28-CRP have not been validated. American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) guidelines suggest remission should be calculated by Simplified Disease Activity Index (SDAI) rather than DAS28-ESR. We examined values of remission and LDA of DAS28-CRP that correspond to the respective cut-off points for DAS28-ESR and SDAI from five clinical trials.MethodsDAS28-CRP cut-offs that best correspond to DAS28-ESR remission <2.6 and LDA ≤3.2 were obtained by cumulative distribution plots, receiver operating curves and maximum concordance and averaged for each approach, treatment group and study. Level of agreement between DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR remission and LDA cut-offs was compared against each other and versus SDAI remission ≤3.3 and LDA ≤11.ResultsPercentage of patients who achieved remission and LDA by DAS28-ESR cut-offs was greater for DAS28-CRP versus DAS28-ESR regardless of patient population or treatment group. Discordance between CRP and ESR cut-offs ranged from 4%–26% and 8%–23% for remission and LDA, respectively, and 19%–40% and 6%–11% for DAS28-CRP versus SDAI, respectively. Estimated (range) remission and LDA thresholds were 2.4 (2.2–2.6) and 2.9 (2.6–3.3), 1.9 (1.6–2.2) and 3.1 (3.1–3.3) and 2.2 (1.1–2.9) and 3.6 (3.4–4.0) for DAS28-CRP versus DAS28-ESR, DAS28-CRP versus SDAI and DAS28-ESR versus SDAI, respectively.ConclusionsDAS28-CRP underestimates disease activity when using cut-off points validated for DAS28-ESR; therefore, DAS28-ESR cut-off values should not be applied to DAS28-CRP. Although DAS28-CRP and DAS28-ESR cut-offs for LDA ≤3.2 correspond to SDAI LDA, neither corresponds well to SDAI remission.
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Niu, Z. W., B. Zhu, Y. Cheng, R. N. Song, and G. F. Ji. "Elastic and electronic properties of cubic cerium oxide under pressure via first principles." International Journal of Modern Physics B 28, no. 14 (April 25, 2014): 1450070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979214500702.
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The elastic and electronic properties of cubic structure CeO 2 under pressure are investigated in the frame of density functional theory (DFT). By using the local-density approximation (LDA) plus U( LDA +U) method with U = 6 eV, the calculated lattice parameters, bulk modulus and elastic properties of the cubic CeO 2 at 0 GPa and 0 K are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The pressure dependences of lattice parameters, bulk and shear modulus, Debye temperature, Young's moduli, Poisson's ratio and the compressional and shear wave velocities of the cubic CeO 2 are obtained successfully. In addition, the total density of states (TDOS) and the band gaps of the cubic CeO 2 under pressures are also investigated. By comparing the results of LDA and LDA+U, both the conventional LDA and the LDA+U methods can be used to describe the structure of the cubic CeO 2 due to the electronic localization of 4f-electron in Ce which is not so strong. However, the LDA+U approach can obtain a proper shape of the density of electronic states that agrees well with the measured values.
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Oikawa, Shin, Norio Katoh, Fumio Kawawa, and Yasushi Ono. "Decreased serum apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations in cows with ketosis and left displacement of the abomasum." American Journal of Veterinary Research 58, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1997.58.02.121.
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Abstract Objective To assess the relevance of hepatic lipidosis (fatty liver) in the development of ketosis and left displacement of the abomasum (LDA). Sample Population Sera from 22 healthy cows in early lactation. 21 cows with ketosis, and 19 cows with LDA, and serum and liver specimens from 35 slaughtered cows with or without fatty liver, ketosis, and/or LDA. Procedure Apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations were measured in sera of healthy farm cows and of farm cows with ketosis and LDA. Serum apolipoprotein concentration, together with liver triglyceride content, also were surveyed in a subset of slaughtered cows. Results Compared with those in healthy cows or controls, apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations were decreased in cows with ketosis and LDA. Conclusions Decreases in apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations in cows with ketosis and LDA indicate that the 2 disorders may be intimately associated with fatty liver. Clinical Relevance Monitoring of the apolipoprotein B-100 and A-I concentrations during the stages of nonlactation and early lactation is helpful for detecting cows susceptible to ketosis and LDA. (Am J Vet Res 1997;58:121–125)
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Coates, L. C., P. J. Mease, D. D. Gladman, S. Navarra, W. Bao, and C. Gaillez. "POS1051 SECUKINUMAB IMPROVES PHYSICAL FUNCTION AND INHIBITS STRUCTURAL DAMAGE IN PsA PATIENTS WITH SUSTAINED REMISSION OR LOW DISEASE ACTIVITY: RESULTS FROM A PHASE 3 STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 803–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1971.
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Background:Disease Activity Index for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) or the minimal disease activity (MDA) are considered for defining remission (REM) or low disease activity (LDA) in secukinumab (SEC) treated patients (pts) with PsA (Psoriatic Arthritis).1 Currently, limited SEC data are available on pts with PsA achieving sustained REM in clinical trials or real-world evidence, using these stringent criteria.Objectives:To report an exploratory analysis on achievement of sustained REM/LDA in pts with PsA treated with SEC and impact on structural outcomes, physical function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in the FUTURE 5 study (NCT02404350).Methods:FUTURE 5 is a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled 2-year phase 3 trial in pts with active PsA.2 Pts randomised to SEC 150 mg could be escalated to 300 mg from Week (Wk) 52 to 104, based on investigators’ judgement. The pts were categorised as either not achieving REM/LDA, achieving it once only or sustained REM/LDA, which was defined as pts who achieved REM/LDA between Wks 24-52 and maintained the same response at least 2 of the next 6 visits (visit every 8 Wks). Of pts who did not achieve REM/LDA, achieved REM/LDA (VLDA, DAPSA REM, MDA, DAPSA LDA+REM) between Wk 24 and 52, the relationship between absence of REM/LDA, REM/LDA, sustained REM/LDA, proportion of pts with non-radiographic progression (assessed using the van der Heijde [mTSS]), physical function (health assessment questionnaire disability index [HAQ-DI]), and short form-36 physical component score [SF-36 PCS])3 were assessed.Results:In total, 996 pts were randomised to one of 4 treatment groups: SEC 300 mg loading dose (LD; N=222), SEC 150 mg LD (N=220), SEC 150 mg no loading dose (NL; N=222), and placebo (N=332). The baseline clinical characteristics were comparable across treatment groups. Majority of pts could achieve either sustained MDA/sustained DAPSA LDA+REM (Figure 1). Pts achieving REM/LDA, whether at one visit or consistently, showed improved physical function and SF36-PCS at Wk 104.3A high proportion of pts did not show radiographic progression at Wk 104 irrespective of achievement of REM/LDA category (Table 1).Conclusion:The majority of patients treated with secukinumab were able to achieve sustained LDA. Sustained LDA/REM was associated with improved HRQoL, physical function and inhibition of structural damage progression.References:[1]Coates LC, et al. J Rheumatol. 2018;46(1):38–42.[2]Van der Heijde D, et al. Rheumatology. 2020;59(6):1325–1334.[3]Coates L, et al. [0353]. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72 (suppl 10).Figure 1.Proportion of patients achieving VLDA/MDA/DAPSA REM/DAPSA REM+LDASus-tained REM/LDA was defined if the same response was achieved at least 2 out of the next 6 visits (every 8 weeks), respectively. DAPSA, Disease activity in Psoriatic Arthritis; LD, loading dose; LDA, Low Disease Activity; MDA, Minimal Disease Activity; N, number of randomised patients assessed at both Week 24 and 104; NL, without loading dose; REM, remission; SEC, secukinumab; VLDA, Very Low Disease ActivityTable 1.Percentage of vdH-mTSS no progression at Week 104 (change from baseline ≤0.5) by REM/LDA and sustained REM/LDA statusREM and LDA composite indices, n (%)Treatment groupNo REM/LDAREM/LDA only onceSustained REM/LDAMDASEC 150 mg LD64 (75.3)16 (80.0)76 (86.4)SEC 150 mg NL56 (75.7)15 (78.9)69 (82.1)SEC 300 mg LD58 (79.5)19 (95.0)100 (94.3)VLDASEC 150 mg LD108 (78.8)15 (83.3)30 (88.2)SEC 150 mg NL95 (75.4)13 (81.3)32 (91.4)SEC 300 mg LD 115 (84.6)17 (94.4)45 (100.0)DAPSA REMSEC 150 mg LD77 (76.2)11 (78.6)46 (92.0)SEC 150 mg NL65 (71.4)10 (76.9)50 (87.7)SEC 300 mg LD82 (83.7)14 (93.3)63 (96.9)DAPSA LDA + REMSEC 150 mg LD29 (70.7)16 (84.2)80 (84.2)SEC 150 mg NL23 (71.9)15 (75.0)79 (79.0)SEC 300 mg LD39 (88.6)21 (84.0)97 (89.0)Sustained REM/LDA was defined if the same response was achieved at least twice out of the next 6 visits (every 8 weeks), respectively. n, number of evaluable patients; vdH-mTSS, van der Heijde- modified total Sharp scoreDisclosure of Interests:Laura C Coates Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, Biogen, Boehringer Ingelheim, Celgene, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Celgene, Lilly, Novartis and Pfizer, Philip J Mease Speakers bureau: AbbVie, Amgen, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Consultant of: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Boehringer Ingelheim, Galapagos, Celgene, Genentech, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, SUN Pharma, and UCB, Grant/research support from: AbbVie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Galapagos, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, SUN, and UCB, Dafna D Gladman Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Galapagos, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Eli Lilly, Gilead, Galapagos, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer and UCB, Sandra Navarra Speakers bureau: Pfizer, Novartis, Astra-Zeneca, Janssen, Lilly, and Astellas, Consultant of: Pfizer, Novartis, Astra-Zeneca, Janssen, Lilly, and Astellas, Weibin Bao Shareholder of: Novartis, Employee of: Novartis, Corine Gaillez Shareholder of: Novartis and BMS, Employee of: Novartis.