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Uguen, Patricia, Jean-Paul Le Pennec, and Alain Dufour. "Lantibiotic Biosynthesis: Interactions between Prelacticin 481 and Its Putative Modification Enzyme, LctM." Journal of Bacteriology 182, no. 18 (September 15, 2000): 5262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.182.18.5262-5266.2000.
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ABSTRACT Class AII and AIII lantibiotics and mersacidin are antibacterial peptides containing unusual residues obtained by posttranslational modifications of prepeptides, presumably catalyzed by LanM. LctM, the LanM for lacticin 481, is essential for the production of this class AII lantibiotic. Using the yeast two-hybrid system, we showed direct contact between the prelacticin 481 and LctM, supporting the proposed LctM function. Sixteen domains are conserved between the 10 known LanM proteins, whereas three additional domains were found only in class AII LanM proteins and in MrsM, the LanM for mersacidin. All the truncated LctM proteins that we tested presented impaired LctA-binding activity.
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Restuaji, Ibnu Muhariawan, and Ira Oktavia. "PENGGUNAAN KITOSAN SEBAGAI ADSORBEN PROTEIN PADA LIMBAH CAIR TAHU DESA TINALAN, KOTA KEDIRI." Jurnal Kimia Riset 5, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jkr.v5i2.21722.
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Protein merupakan senyawa yang banyak terkandung di dalam limbah cair tahu. Kadar protein yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan kenaikan BOD dan COD limbah cair tahu di lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan kitosan dalam mengadsorpsi protein limbah cair tahu dari Desa Tinalan, Kota Kediri. Kadar protein awal limbah cair tahu yang teramati menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis yaitu 0,0904%. Pada saat adsorpsi, massa kitosan yang digunakan yaitu 0,25 g; 0,5 g; 0,75 g dan 1 g dengan kode sampel masing-masing kitosan-LCT1; kitosan-LCT2; kitosan-LCT3 dan kitosan-LCT4. Kitosan ditambahkan ke limbah cair tahu dan diaduk selama 8 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa massa kitosan yang optimum dalam mengadsorpsi protein limbah cair tahu adalah 0,25 g (kitosan-LCT1). Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan penurunan kadar protein limbah cair tahu hingga 37,78%. Hasil SEM menegaskan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan morfologi permukaan pada kitosan-LCT1 yang berbentuk pipih dan guratan putih. Hal ini menunjukkan telah terjadi proses adsorpsi antara kitosan dan protein. Selain itu, adsorpsi juga menyebabkan peningkatan pH limbah cair tahu mencapai 6 – 7.Kata kunci : Protein, Limbah Cair Tahu, Kitosan, Adsorpsi
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Astsaturov, Yu, S. Solovyov, and V. Zhigulsky. "Selection of rational electrochemical methods for controlling the efficiency of machining of corrosion-resistant steel." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2131, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 042016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2131/4/042016.
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Abstract The article discusses methods of controlling the processes of mechanical processing based on electrochemical effects. The corresponding anodic polarization curves of 1X18H9T steel obtained in electrolyte solutions without and with stirring are presented. The article discusses methods of machining processes control based on electrochemical effects. Lubricating and cooling technological media (LCTM) used in machining are in most cases electrolytes, therefore, electrochemical processes and phenomena actively occur during contact dynamic machining. It is possible to control the processes of machining by acting on the system elements of the tool - LCTM- part, in particular by activating the LCTM and reducing the strength characteristics of the processed steel in the cutting zone. A reserve for increasing the efficiency of mechanical processing can be the composition selection of the applied LCTM, combined with the simultaneous electrochemical polarization of the treated surface of friction pair parts. It was found that when cutting, the efficiency of machining and the chip shapes are changed, which is explained by the influence of the current density on the strength of the processed steel. In the conditions of machining, complex dynamic processes occur due to the rotation of the work piece and/or tool, so it is necessary to take into account the hydrodynamic phenomena and processes that arise in this case. Electrode potentials are considered to be the most important characteristic of the metal cutting process. The potential of the system can regulate such processes and indicators as wear and surface micro hardness. Anodic polarization curves of the steel 1X18H9T obtained in various electrolyte solutions without stirring and with stirring on a rotating disk electrode are given. The study allowed determining the factors affecting the processes occurring in the cutting zone and to identify rational current densities due to simulating the conditions of real technological processes of the combined steel processing. The increase in the processing intensity of the steel 1X18H9T with the cutting zone polarization is associated with the action of factors activating the selective anodic dissolution of the processed alloy.
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Yakubov, Chingiz, Ruslan Dzhemalyadinov, and Vladimir Skakun. "Improving material cutting by application of natural origin oil." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 01130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822401130.
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The article deals with the experimental evaluation (in the laboratory) of environmentally secure lubricating and cooling technological means’ (LCTM) influence on the force characteristics and tool wear in the turning process of structural materials with different chemical activity. The experiment results confirm that the use of vegetable and animal fats in combination with the minimal quantity lubrication technology (MQL) provides for a significant reduction of cutting forces and the contact area.
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Lennon, Hannah, Scott Kelly, Matthew Sperrin, Iain Buchan, Amanda J. Cross, Michael Leitzmann, Michael B. Cook, and Andrew G. Renehan. "Framework to construct and interpret latent class trajectory modelling." BMJ Open 8, no. 7 (July 2018): e020683. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020683.
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ObjectivesLatent class trajectory modelling (LCTM) is a relatively new methodology in epidemiology to describe life-course exposures, which simplifies heterogeneous populations into homogeneous patterns or classes. However, for a given dataset, it is possible to derive scores of different models based on number of classes, model structure and trajectory property. Here, we rationalise a systematic framework to derive a ‘core’ favoured model.MethodsWe developed an eight-step framework: step 1: a scoping model; step 2: refining the number of classes; step 3: refining model structure (from fixed-effects through to a flexible random-effect specification); step 4: model adequacy assessment; step 5: graphical presentations; step 6: use of additional discrimination tools (‘degree of separation’; Elsensohn’s envelope of residual plots); step 7: clinical characterisation and plausibility; and step 8: sensitivity analysis. We illustrated these steps using data from the NIH-AARP cohort of repeated determinations of body mass index (BMI) at baseline (mean age: 62.5 years), and BMI derived by weight recall at ages 18, 35 and 50 years.ResultsFrom 288 993 participants, we derived a five-class model for each gender (men: 177 455; women: 111 538). From seven model structures, the favoured model was a proportional random quadratic structure (model F). Favourable properties were also noted for the unrestricted random quadratic structure (model G). However, class proportions varied considerably by model structure—concordance between models F and G were moderate (Cohen κ: men, 0.57; women, 0.65) but poor with other models. Model adequacy assessments, evaluations using discrimination tools, clinical plausibility and sensitivity analyses supported our model selection.ConclusionWe propose a framework to construct and select a ‘core’ LCTM, which will facilitate generalisability of results in future studies.
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Kiselev, E. S., V. N. Koval’nogov, and V. A. Korshunov. "Thermal stressing and effectiveness of plane face grinding with ionized air as the LCTM." Russian Engineering Research 27, no. 8 (August 2007): 522–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x07080096.
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Viitanen, Ville, Timo Siikonen, and Antonio Sánchez-Caja. "Cavitation on Model- and Full-Scale Marine Propellers: Steady And Transient Viscous Flow Simulations At Different Reynolds Numbers." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 2 (February 20, 2020): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8020141.
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In this paper, we conducted numerical simulations to investigate single and two-phase flows around marine propellers in open-water conditions at different Reynolds number regimes. The simulations were carried out using a homogeneous compressible two-phase flow model with RANS and hybrid RANS/LES turbulence modeling approaches. Transition was accounted for in the model-scale simulations by employing an LCTM transition model. In model scale, also an anisotropic RANS model was utilized. We investigated two types of marine propellers: a conventional and a tip-loaded one. We compared the results of the simulations to experimental results in terms of global propeller performance and cavitation observations. The propeller cavitation, near-blade flow phenomena, and propeller wake flow characteristics were investigated in model- and full-scale conditions. A grid and time step sensitivity studies were carried out with respect to the propeller performance and cavitation characteristics. The model-scale propeller performance and the cavitation patterns were captured well with the numerical simulations, with little difference between the utilized turbulence models. The global propeller performance and the cavitation patterns were similar between the model- and full-scale simulations. A tendency of increased cavitation extent was observed as the Reynolds number increases. At the same time, greater dissipation of the cavitating tip vortex was noted in the full-scale conditions.
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Naumov, A. G., V. V. Novikov, O. A. Naumova, and I. V. Shvetsov. "The influence of micro- and nanodots lubricating and cooling technological means (LCTM) on the process of blade cutting of materials." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 939 (October 8, 2020): 012052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/939/1/012052.
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Rincé, A., A. Dufour, P. Uguen, J. P. Le Pennec, and D. Haras. "Characterization of the lacticin 481 operon: the Lactococcus lactis genes lctF, lctE, and lctG encode a putative ABC transporter involved in bacteriocin immunity." Applied and environmental microbiology 63, no. 11 (1997): 4252–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.63.11.4252-4260.1997.
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Jensen, Britt W., Charlotte Watson, Nophar Geifman, Jennifer L. Baker, Ellena Badrick, and Andrew G. Renehan. "Weight Changes in Type 2 Diabetes and Cancer Risk: A Latent Class Trajectory Model Study." Obesity Facts 15, no. 2 (December 13, 2021): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000520200.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Body mass index (BMI) is often elevated at type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis. Using latent class trajectory modelling (LCTM) of BMI, we examined whether weight loss after diagnosis influenced cancer incidence and all-cause mortality. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> From 1995 to 2010, we identified 7,708 patients with T2D from the Salford Integrated Record database (UK) and linked to the cancer registry for information on obesity-related cancer (ORC), non-ORC; and all-cause mortality. Repeated BMIs were used to construct sex-specific latent class trajectories. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Four sex-specific BMI classes were identified; stable-overweight, stable-obese, obese-slightly-decreasing, and obese-steeply-decreasing; comprising 41%, 45%, 13%, and 1% of women, and 45%, 37%, 17%, and 1% of men, respectively. In women, the stable-obese class had similar ORC risks as the obese-slightly-decreasing class, whereas the stable-overweight class had lower risks. In men, the obese-slightly-decreasing class had higher risks of ORC (HR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.05–3.32) than the stable-obese class, while the stable-overweight class had similar risks No associations were observed for non-ORC. Compared to the stable-obese class, women (HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 0.99–2.58) and men (HR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.66–3.39) in the obese-slightly-decreasing class had elevated mortality. No associations were observed for the stable-overweight classes. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Patients who lost weight after T2D diagnosis had higher risks for ORC (in men) and higher all-cause mortality (both genders) than patients with stable obesity.
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Gibello, A., M. D. Collins, L. Domínguez, J. F. Fernández-Garayzábal, and P. T. Richardson. "Cloning and Analysis of the l-Lactate Utilization Genes from Streptococcus iniae." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, no. 10 (October 1, 1999): 4346–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.65.10.4346-4350.1999.
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ABSTRACT The presence of lactate oxidase was examined in eightStreptococcus species and some related species of bacteria. A clone (pGR002) was isolated from a genomic library ofStreptococcus iniae generated in Escherichia coli, containing a DNA fragment spanning two genes designatedlctO and lctP. We show that these genes are likely to be involved in the l-lactic acid aerobic metabolism of this organism. This DNA fragment has been sequenced and characterized. A comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of LctP protein demonstrated that the protein had significant homology with thel-lactate permeases of other bacteria. The amino acid sequence of the LctO protein of S. iniae also showed a strong homology to l-lactate oxidase fromAerococcus viridans and some NAD-independent lactate dehydrogenases, all belonging to the family of flavin mononucleotide-dependent α-hydroxyacid-oxidizing enzymes. Biochemical assays of the gene products confirm the identity of the genes from the isolated DNA fragment and reveal a possible role for the lactate oxidase from S. iniae. This lactate oxidase is discussed in relation to the growth of the organism in response to carbon source availability.
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Lupo, Julien, Laurence Grossi, Gwladys Perrin-Confort, Maud Lemoine, Touyana Semenova, Olivier Epaulard, Patrice Morand, and Raphaële Germi. "Comparison of the performances of the three nucleic acid extraction systems: The Roche Magna Pure LCTM System, the Biomerieux easyMAG® system, and the new Biomerieux eMAG™ System." Journal of Clinical Virology 82 (September 2016): S52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.102.
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Rotondo, Rossella, Maria Antonietta Oliva, Sabrina Staffieri, Salvatore Castaldo, Felice Giangaspero, and Antonietta Arcella. "Implication of Lactucopicrin in Autophagy, Cell Cycle Arrest and Oxidative Stress to Inhibit U87Mg Glioblastoma Cell Growth." Molecules 25, no. 24 (December 10, 2020): 5843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25245843.
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In this study, we propose lactucopicrin (LCTP), a natural sesquiterpene lactone from Lactucavirosa, as a molecule able to control the growth of glioblastoma continuous cell line U87Mg. The IC50 of U87Mg against LCTP revealed a strong cytotoxic effect. Daily administration of LCTP showed a dose and time-dependent reduction of GBM cell growth and viability, also confirmed by inhibition of clonogenic potential and mobility of U87Mg cells. LCTP activated autophagy in U87Mg cells and decreased the phosphorylation of proliferative signals pAKT and pERK. LCTP also induced the cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase, confirmed by decrease of CDK2 protein and increase of p53 and p21. LCTP stimulated apoptosis as evidenced by reduction of procaspase 6 and the increase of the cleaved/full-length PARP ratio. The pre-treatment of U87Mg cells with ROS scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC), which reversed its cytotoxic effect, showed the involvement of LCTP in oxidative stress. Finally, LCTP strongly enhanced the sensitivity of U87Mg cells to canonical therapy Temozolomide (TMZ) and synergized with this drug. Altogether, the growth inhibition of U87Mg GBM cells induced by LCTP is the result of several synergic mechanisms, which makes LCTP a promising adjuvant therapy for this complex pathology.
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Morris, Hannah R., Clifford C. Hoyt, Peter Miller, and Patrick J. Treado. "Liquid Crystal Tunable Filter Raman Chemical Imaging." Applied Spectroscopy 50, no. 6 (June 1996): 805–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702963905655.
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A Lyot-type liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF) suitable for high-definition Raman chemical imaging has been developed. The LCTF has been incorporated into an efficient Raman imaging system that provides significant performance advantages relative to any previous approach to Raman microscopy. The LCTF and associated optical path is physically compact, which accommodates integration of the LCTF within an infinity-corrected optical microscope. The LCTF simultaneously provides diffraction-limited spatial resolution and 7.6-cm-1 spectral bandpass across the full free spectral range of the imaging spectrometer. The LCTF Raman microscope successfully integrates, in a facile manner, the utility of optical microscopy and the analytical capabilities of Raman spectroscopy. In this paper the LCTF Raman imaging system is described in detail, as well as results of initial studies of polymer and corrosion product model systems.
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Carvajal-Carmona, Luis G., N. Afrina Alam, Patrick J. Pollard, Angela M. Jones, Ella Barclay, Noel Wortham, Massimo Pignatelli, et al. "Adult Leydig Cell Tumors of the Testis Caused by Germline Fumarate Hydratase Mutations." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 91, no. 8 (August 1, 2006): 3071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2006-0183.
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Abstract Context: Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) are the most common non-germ-cell neoplasms of the testis. LCTs are often hormonally active and can result in precocious virilization or in adult feminization. We identified an LCT in an affected individual from a kindred with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer (HLRCC) and a germline fumarate hydratase (FH) mutation (N64T). Objective: Our objective was to investigate the role of FH mutations in predisposition to LCTs. Design: We tested for pathogenic effects of the N64T mutation and screened an additional 29 unselected adult LCTs for FH alterations. We also tested these LCTs for mutations in two genes, the LH/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) and the guanine nucleotide-binding protein α (GNAS) that had been implicated in LCT tumorigenesis. Results: No mutations were found in GNAS, and one tumor had a LHCGR somatic substitution. In addition to the HLRCC case with the N64T germline FH mutation, we identified one other LCT with a previously unreported FH mutation (M411I). Both LCTs from these patients showed loss of the wild-type FH allele. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization analyses demonstrated activation of the hypoxia/angiogenesis pathway not only in the tumors belonging to the FH mutation carriers but also in several other mutation-negative LCTs. Conclusions: Our study shows that some LCTs are caused by FH mutations and represents one of the first reports of germline mutations in any type of adult testicular tumor.
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Elrick, Donald B., and Milton P. Charlton. "α-Latrocrustatoxin Increases Neurotransmitter Release by Activating a Calcium Influx Pathway at Crayfish Neuromuscular Junction." Journal of Neurophysiology 82, no. 6 (December 1, 1999): 3550–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.82.6.3550.
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α-latrocrustatoxin (α-LCTX), a component of black widow spider venom (BWSV), produced a 50-fold increase in the frequency of spontaneously occurring miniature excitatory postsynaptic potentials (mEPSPs) at crayfish neuromuscular junctions but did not alter their amplitude distribution. During toxin action, periods of high-frequency mEPSP discharge were punctuated by periods in which mEPSP frequency returned toward control levels. EPSPs were increased in amplitude during periods of enhanced mEPSP discharge. α-LCTX had no effect when applied in Ca2+-free saline, but subsequent addition of Ca2+ caused an immediate enhancement of mEPSP frequency even when α-LCTX was previously washed out of the bath with Ca2+-free saline. Furthermore removal of Ca2+from the saline after α-LCTX had elicited an effect immediately blocked the action on mEPSP frequency. Thus α-LCTX binding is insensitive to Ca2+, but toxin action requires extracellular Ca2+ ions. Preincubation with wheat germ agglutinin prevented the effect of α-LCTX but not its binding. These binding characteristics suggest that the toxin may bind to a crustacean homologue of latrophilin/calcium-independent receptor for latrotoxin, a G-protein-coupled receptor for α-latrotoxin (α-LTX) found in vertebrates. α-LCTX caused “prefacilitation” of EPSP amplitudes, i.e., the first EPSP in a train was enhanced in amplitude to a greater degree than subsequent EPSPs. A similar alteration in the pattern of facilitation was observed after application of the Ca2+ionophore, A23187, indicating that influx of Ca2+ may mediate the action of α-LCTX. In nerve terminals filled with the Ca2+ indicator, calcium green 1, α-LCTX caused increases in the fluorescence of the indicator that lasted for several minutes before returning to rest. Neither fluorescence changes nor toxin action on mEPSP frequency were affected by the Ca2+ channel blockers ω-agatoxin IVA or Cd2+, demonstrating that Ca2+ influx does not occur via Ca2+ channels normally coupled to transmitter release in this preparation. The actions of α-LCTX could be reduced dramatically by intracellular application of the Ca2+ chelator, bis-( o-aminophenoxy)- N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid. We conclude that induction of extracellular Ca2+influx into nerve terminals is sufficient to explain the action of α-LCTX on both spontaneous and evoked transmitter release at crayfish neuromuscular junctions.
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Li, Wenchao, Jian Xu, Zhengming Wang, and Jialiang Yang. "The impact of LCTI on China's low-carbon transformation from the spatial spillover perspective." PLOS ONE 15, no. 11 (November 23, 2020): e0242425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242425.
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China has conducted a long-term low-carbon technology innovation (LCTI), but there was a faster increase of CO2 emission in 2017 and 2018 than in 2016, which has lead scholars to doubt the effect of LCTI on CO2 emission. This paper builds a spatial auto regression (SAR) model with provincial panel data from 2011 to 2017 to calculate the spatial spillover effect of China's LCTI on regional CO2 emission. The results show that regional LCTI can reduce the local CO2 emission, but will increase the CO2 emission of adjacent regions due to spatial spillover effect. This produces the uncertainty of the promotion effect of LCTI on China's low-carbon transformation. Therefore, this paper suggests innovation resources should be appropriately and evenly distributed among regions to avoid their agglomeration in few regions.
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Wu, Gang, Chang Hai Zhai, and Shuang Li. "Effects of Tower-Line Coupling on Seismic Vibration Control of Large Crossing Transmission Tower-Line System with TMD." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 4005–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.4005.
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At present, the effect of tower-line coupling is neglected in seismic vibration control with TMD for transmission tower-line system. However, for large crossing transmission tower-line system(LCTL), the neglect can affect the performance of TMD. In this study, a typical FEM model of LCTL is established. The effect of tower-line coupling on dynamic character of LCTL is analyzed. Then, the performance of TMD considering the tower-line coupling is compared with TMD neglecting the tower-line coupling. It is concluded that tower-line coupling affect the performance of TMD significantly for LCTL.
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Caverzasio, J., and J. P. Bonjour. "Influence of calcium on phosphate transport in cultured kidney epithelium." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 254, no. 2 (February 1, 1988): F217—F222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1988.254.2.f217.
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Renal epithelia cultured from opossum kidney (OK) cell line were exposed to high- and low-Ca media (HCaM and LCaM, respectively). Changing the extracellular Ca concentration from 2.0 mM to 0.02 mM stimulated sodium-dependent Pi transport (NaPiT) of OK epithelia. The effect was detectable after 1 h of LCaM exposure and reached a maximal value at 4 h (HCaM, 1.49 +/- 0.02; LCaM, 2.71 +/- 0.02 nmol.mg prot-1.4 min-1, P less than 0.001), this difference remaining constant up to 16 h. The Na-dependent transports of both alanine and methyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside, a glucose analogue, were not affected by LCaM. Kinetic analysis of NaPiT revealed an increase in Vmax with no change in the apparent Km. The cellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate production was not affected by LCaM. In OK epithelia pretreated with either cycloheximide or actinomycin D the LCaM stimulatory effect was completely abolished. In the presence of 10(-9) to 10(-7) M bovine parathyroid hormone (1-34), the effect of LCaM on NaPiT was markedly blunted. In conclusion, this study in cultured kidney epithelia demonstrates that the renal NaPiT can be directly and selectively stimulated by lowering the extracellular Ca concentration. This effect required the de novo synthesis of proteins. The results also indicate that parathyroid hormone antagonizes the stimulatory effect of extracellular Ca on the renal transport of Pi.
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Pinto-Sinai, G., J. Brewster, and H. Roberts. "Linear Coefficient of Thermal Expansion Evaluation of Glass Ionomer and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Restorative Materials." Operative Dentistry 43, no. 5 (September 1, 2018): E266—E272. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/17-381-l.
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SUMMARY Objective: The purpose of this evaluation was to evaluate the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) of 12 conventional glass ionomer (GIC) and four resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGI) restorative materials. Methods: GIC and RMGI specimens (2 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm) were fabricated (n=12) following manufacturer instructions and were placed in 0.2M phosphate-buffered saline and stored at 37°C and 98% humidity for one week. Specimens had LCTE determined with a thermomechanical analysis (TMA) unit using a 15°C-50°C heating cycle as well as a 50°C-15°C cooling cycle at a 5°C/min rate, using a 3-mm ball-point probe under 0.02 N probe pressure with all specimens kept saturated with PBS using a specially designed quartz container. Each specimen was tested three times, with the mean representing the specimen LCTE. Mean results between specimen heating and cooling were compared with paired Wilcoxon sign rank test, while results between materials were compared with Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn's (α=0.05). Results: GIC LCTE ranged from approximately 5°C to 20°C ppm °K−1, while the RMGI LCTE ranged from approximately 25°C to 47°C ppm °K−1. With some exception, the LCTE during cooling displayed a greater trend. Significance: Under moisture conditions similar to the oral cavity, GIC materials overall had LCTE values closer to that reported for tooth structure. RMGI materials displayed higher values, which was thought to be related to the amount of resin in the matrix. A generally greater LCTE trend with cooling for all materials was noted, but the small magnitude of the difference is presently thought to be of minor clinical significance.
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Sun, Xiu, Xin Chi, Yingying Zhao, Shunai Liu, and Huichun Xing. "Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Intestinal Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Cirrhosis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus." Journal of Diabetes Research 2022 (May 13, 2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1826181.
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Background. Chronic hepatitis B cirrhosis is often accompanied by glucose metabolism disorder, and intestinal microbiota was closely related to both cirrhosis and diabetes. There are few studies on the role of intestinal microbiota in hepatitis B liver cirrhosis and diabetes mellitus (LCDM). The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in patients with LCDM and to evaluate the relationship between the severity of intestinal microbiota imbalance and clinical significance. Methods. A case-controlled study was conducted. People who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of chronic HBV-related liver cirrhosis (LC), LCDM, and healthy controls (HC) were enrolled in, and their fecal and blood samples were collected. The V3-V4 region of 16s rDNA gene of fecal microbiota was sequenced; the bioinformatics analysis including α-diversity, β-diversity, and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) was performed; and the correlation between bacteria and clinical indexes was analyzed. Results. A total of 70 participants completed fecal and blood tests, including 20 HC, 20 LCDM, and 30 LC. The α diversity of intestinal microbiota in the LCDM decreased than that in the HC. The abundance of Proteobacteria, Streptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, and Lactobacillus increased, while the abundance of Bacteroidota, Bacteroides, Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, and Lachnospira decreased in the LCDM compared with the HC. The abundance of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Veillonella and the degree of hepatitis B cirrhosis dysbiosis indicator (HBCDI) increased in the LCDM than in the LC. The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Veillonella, and Lactobacillus positively correlated with liver injury and fasting blood glucose (FBG) level. The abundance of Escherichia-Shigella, Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Lactobacillus increased more significantly when FBG and glycosylated hemoglobin level increased. Conclusion. Intestinal microbiota of patients with LCDM was significantly disordered, and the degree was more serious than that cirrhosis patients without diabetes.
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Zakarian, D. A., and A. V. Khachatrian. "First principle methods for calculating the linear coefficient of thermal expansion of quasi-binary eutectic systems." Uspihi materialoznavstva 2021, no. 3 (December 1, 2021): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/materials2021.03.038.
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To calculate the linear coefficient of thermal expansion (LCTE) and its temperature dependence, a combination of the method of a priori pseudopotential and quasi-harmonic approximation (author's methods) is used. After approximating the results obtained for metal-like materials (carbides, borides, silicides), the LCTE is presented in an analytical form. In the case of quasi-binary eutectic systems based on carbides, borides, silicides, to estimate the interaction energy of the elements of two components, the concept of a virtual crystal (with a virtual cell) along the line of contact of two components is introduced. A virtual cell is assigned a volume average between the volume of a unit cell of two components, taking into account their concentration ratio. The components that make up the eutectic retain their crystal structure, their LCTE can be estimated as for pure components. Without taking into account the influence of interphase interaction, the LCTE of the eutectic system is determined using the rule of mixtures based on the LCTE components, taking into account their volume fraction. Taking into account the influence of the interface on thermal expansion is estimated by the virtual cell assigned to it. To determine the LCTE of the eutectic system, a ratio is proposed that connects the LCTE components and the docking boundaries through the concentration ratio. This method more realistically describes the structure of a quasi-binary eutectic. There is a consistency between the calculated and experimental data. Keywords: electron-ion system energy, interatomic interaction potential, quasiharmonic approximation, linear coefficient of thermal expansion, eutectic temperature.
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Navarro, Julio F. "Dwarf Galaxies as Cosmological Probes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 14, S344 (August 2018): 455–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921318005963.
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AbstractThe Lambda Cold Dark Matter (LCDM) paradigm makes specific predictions for the abundance, structure, substructure and clustering of dark matter halos, the sites of galaxy formation. These predictions can be directly tested, in the low-mass halo regime, by dark matter-dominated dwarf galaxies. A number of potential challenges to LCDM have been identified when confronting the expected properties of dwarfs with observation. I review our understanding of a few of these issues, including the “missing satellites” and the “too-big-to-fail” problems, and argue that neither poses an insurmountable challenge to LCDM. Solving these problems requires that most dwarf galaxies inhabit halos of similar mass, and that there is a relatively sharp minimum halo mass threshold to form luminous galaxies. These predictions are eminently falsifiable. In particular, LCDM predicts a large number of “dark” low-mass halos, some of which should have retained enough primordial gas to be detectable in deep 21 cm or Hα surveys. Detecting this predicted population of “mini-halos” would be a major discovery and a resounding success for LCDM on small scales.
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Liu, Ning, and Yaorong Cheng. "Allocating Cost to Shippers in Pickup and Delivery Service." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (January 29, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1283539.
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This paper is going to study the shipper collaboration cost allocation problem in pickup and delivery (SCAPPD), which includes two crucial aspects, namely, the optimal redistribution of transport requests for minimization of the total cost of the alliance and equitable allocation of the shipper’s cost for keeping the stability of the alliance. We focus on the second issue and use core concept from cooperative game theory to develop an allocation methods, called Location Cost Allocation Model (LCAM), which take geographical location factor into account. As the goal of this study is to design an allocation tool that will be accepted in practice, we use the criteria of stability, consistency, and robustness to evaluate the LCAM, Shapley, Nucleolus, and the equal profit method (EPM). All four allocation methods are applied to both a case study and randomly generated instances. Our computational results show that the stability of the LCAM is as good as the nucleolus and EPM. In terms of consistency the LCAM performs best. LCAM also performs well in terms of robustness.
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Yamada, Kageto, Kotaro Aoki, Tatsuya Nagasawa, Waka Imai, Masakazu Sasaki, Hinako Murakami, Toshisuke Morita, Yoshikazu Ishii, and Kazuhiro Tateda. "Carbapenem inactivation method using bacterial lysate and MOPS (LCIM): a very sensitive method for detecting carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter species." Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, no. 10 (June 25, 2020): 2812–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkaa238.
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Abstract Objectives Detection of carbapenem-hydrolysing class D β-lactamase (CHDL)-producing Acinetobacter spp. is critical for understanding antibiotic resistance. In this study, we compared the available detection techniques derived from the carbapenem inactivation method (CIM), using CHDL-producing Acinetobacter spp., and developed a modified method that uses bacterial lysate (lysate CIM; LCIM). Methods A total of 159 Acinetobacter spp. (102 carbapenemase producers and 57 non-producers) and 14 Pseudomonas spp. (7 carbapenemase producers and 7 non-producers) were tested. Modified CIM, simplified CIM, CIMTris, Triton-CIM and LCIM were compared using these strains. Distinct from the CIM, LCIM includes a longer incubation period (4 h) with 2.0% Triton X-100 (v/v) in 20 mM MOPS buffer instead of water. Results The sensitivity/specificity of the modified CIM, simplified CIM, CIMTris, Triton-CIM and LCIM were 71.6%/100%, 66.1%/89.1%, 88.1%/95.3%, 80.7%/100% and 97.2%/100%, respectively. LCIM was the most sensitive and specific. Conclusions Use of bacterial lysate and MOPS increased the sensitivity of the CIM in detecting CHDL-producing Acinetobacter spp.
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Heap, Rachel E., José Luis Marín-Rubio, Julien Peltier, Tiaan Heunis, Abeer Dannoura, Adam Moore, and Matthias Trost. "Proteomics characterisation of the L929 cell supernatant and its role in BMDM differentiation." Life Science Alliance 4, no. 6 (April 14, 2021): e202000957. http://dx.doi.org/10.26508/lsa.202000957.
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BMDMs are a key model system to study macrophage biology in vitro. Commonly used methods to differentiate macrophages from BM are treatment with either recombinant M-CSF or the supernatant of L929 cells, which secrete M-CSF. However, little is known about the composition of L929 cell-conditioned media (LCCM) and how it affects the BMDM phenotype. Here, we used quantitative mass spectrometry to characterise the kinetics of protein secretion from L929 cells over a 2-wk period, identifying 2,193 proteins. Whereas M-CSF is very abundant in LCCM, we identified several other immune-regulatory proteins such as macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), osteopontin, and chemokines such as Ccl2 and Ccl7 at surprisingly high abundance levels. We therefore further characterised the proteomes of BMDMs after differentiation with M-CSF, M-CSF + MIF, or LCCM, respectively. Interestingly, macrophages differentiated with LCCM induced a stronger anti-inflammatory M1 phenotype that those differentiated with M-CSF. This resource will be valuable to all researchers using LCCM for the differentiation of BMDMs.
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Dziechciarz, Piotr, Grzegorz Borsuk, and Krzysztof Olszewski. "Prospects and Validity of Laboratory Cage Tests Conducted in Honeybee Research Part one: Main Directions of Use of Laboratory Cage Tests in Honeybee Research." Journal of Apicultural Science 63, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jas-2019-0026.
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AbstractFor more than forty years, laboratory cage tests (LCTs) have been used in honeybee research. These tests facilitate the control of elements of the environment present in the laboratory, which allows the minimization of the impact of the changing environmental conditions and conditions in the bee colony nest on the studied features. Therefore, it is possible to estimate the content of the genetic component of a particular trait and to assess the impact of a specific substance or tested agent on the traits of bees.An advantage of LCTs is the possibility of conducting easier and cheaper research than in the case of apiary experiments. LCTs allow a significant reduction in the number of required bees/colonies, investigations of a winter bee generation and individual treatment of a single bee. One of the first research directions in which LCTs were used was the instantaneous assessment of the honey yield. Due to discrepancies between LCT assessment and results of apiary productivity, LCTs are currently not a standard tool for the assessment and improvement of bee functional traits despite such undoubted advantages as reducing the time and cost of the evaluation. Moreover, LCTs are being used to assess the genetic and environmental conditions of workers’ lifespan and are a standard method for assessing the impact of pesticides on bees.
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Murphy-Erdosh, C., C. K. Yoshida, N. Paradies, and L. F. Reichardt. "The cadherin-binding specificities of B-cadherin and LCAM." Journal of Cell Biology 129, no. 5 (June 1, 1995): 1379–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.129.5.1379.
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The cadherin family of calcium-dependent cell adhesion molecules plays an important part in the organization of cell adhesion and tissue segregation during development. The expression pattern and the binding specificity of each cadherin are of principal importance for its role in morphogenesis. B-Cadherin and LCAM, two chicken cadherins, have similar, but not identical, spatial and temporal patterns of expression. To examine the possibility that they might bind to one another in a heterophilic manner, we generated, by cDNA transfection, L-cell lines that express LCAM or B-cadherin. We then examined the abilities of these cells to coaggregate with each other and with other cadherin-expressing cells in short-term aggregation assays. The B-cadherin- and the LCAM-expressing cell lines segregate from P-, N-, or R-cadherin-expressing cells. B-cadherin- and LCAM-expressing cell lines, however, appear to be completely miscible, forming large mixed aggregates. Chick B-cadherin and murine E-cadherin also form mixed aggregates, indistinguishable from homophilic aggregates. Murine E-cadherin and chick LCAM coaggregate less completely, suggesting that the heterophilic interactions of these two cell lines are weak relative to homophilic interactions. These data suggest that heterophilic interactions between B-cadherin and LCAM are important during avian morphogenesis and help identify the amino acids in the binding domain that determine cadherin specificity.
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Zheng, Linlin, Jianhua Sun, Xuexing Qiu, and Zuxiang Yang. "Five-Year Climatology of Local Convections in the Dabie Mountains." Atmosphere 11, no. 11 (November 18, 2020): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11111246.
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Local Convection in Dabie Mountains (LCDM) occurs more frequently over the Dabie Mountains and brings severe weather to adjacent areas. In order to understand the characteristics of LCDM, their spatial distribution, the monthly and diurnal variations, and possible mechanisms are investigated. Based on radar composite reflectivity data over the 5-y period of 2014–2018 during warm seasons (April–September), a total of 195 cases of LCDM are identified. The LCDM exhibits maximum frequency on the windward slopes of the Dabie Mountains with a secondary maximum on lee slopes. It is demonstrated that LCDM peaks in July and August, while their diurnal variation exhibits a major peak in the afternoon during 12:00–16:00 local solar time (LST). Most LCDM does not leave the Dabie Mountains (NoOut-Type), accounting for 89.7% overall, and has an average 3.5 h lifespan. In contrast, the lifespans of Out-Types (i.e., LCDMs that move away from the Dabie Mountains) are longer (5.8 h on average), while most Out-Type LCDMs develop on southern slopes (‘South-Type’) and a few are also reinforced on northern slopes (‘North-Type’). The South-Type mainly produces short-duration heavy precipitation, while the ‘North-Type’ predominately generates thunderstorms high winds. It is suggested that LCDM is thermally induced, and that both the ‘South-Type’ and ‘North-Type’ are controlled by southerly wind perturbation. Lifting by upslope wind and heat sources over windward slopes has led to ‘South-Type’ development, while ascent induced by wave-like perturbations on lee slopes has led to ‘North-Type’. These mechanisms should be further investigated in future work by using field experiments and numerical simulations.
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Pozza, Carlotta, Riccardo Pofi, Marta Tenuta, Maria Grazia Tarsitano, Emilia Sbardella, Giorgio Fattorini, Vito Cantisani, Andrea Lenzi, Andrea M. Isidori, and Daniele Gianfrilli. "Clinical presentation, management and follow-up of 83 patients with Leydig cell tumors of the testis: a prospective case-cohort study." Human Reproduction 34, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 1389–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dez083.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION When should ‘not so rare’ Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) of the testis be suspected, diagnosed, and treated? SUMMARY ANSWER LCTs are more frequent than generally believed, are associated with male infertility, cryptorchidism and gynecomastia, and should be treated conservatively (in compliant patients) with active surveillance, which appears to be a safe alternative to surgical enucleation. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Increasing referrals for testicular imaging have led to an increase in findings of LCTs. The features and natural history of these tumors remain largely unknown, as the available studies are small and heterogeneous. LCTs were previously treated aggressively and follow-up data are lacking. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A case-cohort study of consecutive patients diagnosed with LCTs over a 10-year period was prospectively enrolled from 2009 to 2018 and compared to matched cohorts of patients with seminomas or no testicular lesions screened in the same timeframe. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Of the 9949 inpatients and outpatients referred for scrotal ultrasound, a total of 83 men with LCTs were included. Enrolled subjects underwent medical history and clinical examination and were asked to undergo routine blood tests, hormone investigations (FSH, LH, total testosterone, estradiol, inhibin B, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin), and semen analysis. Patients who consented also underwent contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastography, gadolinium-enhanced scrotal magnetic resonance imaging, and hCG stimulation test (5000 IU i.m.) with serum total testosterone and estradiol measured at 0, 24, 48, and 72 hours. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE In total, 83 patients diagnosed with LCTs were compared against 90 patients diagnosed with seminoma and 2683 patients without testicular lesions (NoL). LCTs were diagnosed by enucleation (48.2%), orchiectomy (13.3%), or clinical surveillance (38.5%). Testicular volume, sperm concentration, and morphology were lower (P = 0.001, P = 0.001, and P < 0.001, respectively) in patients with LCTs than in the NoL group. FSH, LH, and SHBG were higher and the testosterone/LH ratio was lower in LCTs than in the NoL group (P < 0.001). The LCT group showed higher SHBG (P = 0.018), lower sperm concentration (P = 0.029), and lower motility (P = 0.049) than the seminoma group. Risk factors for LCTs were cryptorchidism (χ2 = 28.27, P < 0.001), gynecomastia (χ2 = 54.22, P < 0.001), and low testicular volume (χ2 = 11.13, P = 0.001). Five cases were recurrences or bilateral lesions; none developed metastases during follow-up (median, 66 months). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION This study has some limitations. First, hCG and second-line diagnostic investigations were not available for all tumor patients. Second, ours is a referral center for infertility, thus a selection bias may have altered the baseline features of the LCT population. However, given that the comparison cohorts were also from the same center and had been managed with a similar protocol, we do not expect a significant effect. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS LCTs are strongly associated with male infertility, cryptorchidism, and gynecomastia, supporting the hypothesis that testicular dysgenesis syndrome plays a role in their development. Patients with LCTs are at a greater risk of endocrine and spermatogenesis abnormalities even when the tumor is resected, and thus require long-term follow-up and prompt efforts to preserve fertility after diagnosis. LCTs have a good oncological prognosis when recognized early, as tissue-sparing enucleation is curative and should replace orchiectomy. Conservative surgery and, in compliant patients, active surveillance through clinical and radiological follow-up are safe options, but require monitoring of testicular failure and recurrence. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) The project was funded by the Ministry of University and Research Grant MIUR 2015ZTT5KB. There are no conflicts of interest. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ALCeP trial (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01206270).
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Narita, Kentaro, Yoshiaki Usui, Yoshiaki Abe, Masami Takeuchi, and Kosei Matsue. "Impact of Normalized Free Light Chain Ratio for Assessment of Monoclonal Protein in Patients with Light Chain Only and Oligosecretory Myeloma." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 2074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.2074.2074.
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Abstract Background: Monitoring of serum free light chain (sFLC) ratio after treatment in multiple myeloma (MM) patients is valuable for assessing monoclonal component of free light chain (FLC). However, the recent International Myeloma Working Group guidelines did not recommend replacing 24-hour urine analysis with FLC analysis in diagnosis or response assessment of MM, and previous studies indicated discordance between urine analysis and sFLC levels in light chain-only MM (LCMM). This is clinically relevant because sFLC normalization was considered a surrogate for improved outcome in both LCMM and intact immunoglobulin MM (IIMM). The clinical impact of FLC ratio normalization on detection of monoclonal component may differ between LCMM or oligosecretory myeloma (OSMM) and IIMM. This study explored the utility of sFLC ratio as a surrogate for residual clonal monoclonal component compared with 24-hour urine immunofixation electrophoresis (uIFx) after treatment. We evaluated the impact of normalization of sFLC ratio in patients with LCMM/OSMM that obtained very good partial response (VGPR), complete response (CR), and immunophenotypic CR (iCR; sIFx/uIF negative plus ≤ 10-4 clonal PCs) determined by multicolor flow cytometry (MFC). Methods: We included 176 patients (51 with LCMM and OSMM, 125 with IIMM) treated between April 2006 and January 2016 at Kameda Medical Center, Japan. Immunoglobulin levels in serum and urine samples were examined by serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP), serum immunofixation electrophoresis (sIFx), urine protein electrophoresis (UPEP), uIFx, and sFLC for response assessment. Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessments after treatment were performed by 6-color MFC and the results were compared to other tests of monoclonal components, including SPEP, UPEP, sIFx, uIFx, and FLC. Agreement between sFLC normalization and MRD by MFC was assessed using kappa statistic. Disease response was evaluated using IMWG criteria. sFLC was measured by Fleelite® assay (The Binding Site Group Ltd.). Reference ranges for sFLC have been previously published. Statistical analyses were performed with EZR, which is a graphical user interface for R ver. 3.2.1. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the local ethics committee and conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice Guidelines. Results: All of 51 LCMM/OSMM patients (100%) and 95 of the 125 IIMM patients (72%) had measurable and abnormal involved sFLC (≥ 100 mg/L) and positive uIFx at presentation. VGPR, CR, and iCR were obtained in 31 (61%), 25 (49%), and 14 (27%) patients with LCMM/OSMM, respectively, and normalization of sFLC ratio at VGPR, CR and iCR was seen in 1/31 (3%), 13/25 (48%), and 8/14 (57%) of these patients, respectively. Among the LCMM/OSMM patients with iCR, 4 patients obtained deeper iCR (≤ 10-5 clonal PCs) and all of them had normal sFLC ratio, while sFLC ratio remained abnormal in the rest of 10 iCR patients that did not achieve deeper iCR. In IIMM patients, VGPR, CR, and iCR were obtained in 78 (61%), 52 (42%), and 20 (16%) patients, respectively. In contrast to the LCMM/OSMM patients, normalization of the sFLC ratio at VGPR, CR, and iCR was seen in 52/78 (67%), 39/52 (75%), and 17/20 (85%) of IIMM patients, respectively. Thirteen of the 14 IIMM patients (93%) that obtained deeper iCR had normal sFLC ratio. Among the patients with IIMM, percentage of patients with normalized sFLC ratio did not differ between the response groups (p=0.11), while it was significantly different in LCMM/OSMM patients (p<0.001) (Figure 1). These observations indicated that the normalization of sFLC ratio is significantly associated with deeper response in LCMM/OSMM patients, but not in IIMM patients. Conclusions: Our observations indicated that sFLC test has greater sensitivity than urine immunofixation for detection of the monoclonal component of sFLC, especially in patients with LCMM/OSMM. In addition, we also showed that normalization of sFLC ratio is correlated with the depth of response assessed by MFC in patients with LCMM/OSMM, but not in IIMM patients. These findings suggest that FLC ratio provides greater sensitivity for residual disease monitoring than uPEP or uIFx in patients with LCMM and OSMM, and therefore could be considered as an alternative to urine analysis for monitoring of LCMM/OSMM patients. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Efimova, S. S., T. E. Tertychnaya, S. N. Lavrenov, and O. S. Ostroumova. "The Mechanisms of Action of Triindolylmethane Derivatives on Lipid Membranes." Acta Naturae 11, no. 3 (September 15, 2019): 38–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2019-11-3-38-45.
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The effects of new synthetic antibacterial agents - tris(1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)methylium chloride (LCTA-1975) and (1-(4-(dimethylamino)-2,5-dioxo-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl)bis(1-propyl- 1H-indol-3-yl)methylium chloride (LCTA-2701 - on model lipid membranes were studied. The ability of the tested agents to form ion-conductive transmembrane pores, influence the electrical stability of lipid bilayers and the phase transition of membrane lipids, and cause the deformation and fusion of lipid vesicles was investigated. It was established that both compounds exert a strong detergent effect on model membranes. The results of differential scanning microcalorimetry and measuring of the threshold transmembrane voltage that caused membrane breakdown before and after adsorption of LCTA-1975 and LCTA-2701 indicated that both agents cause disordering of membrane lipids. Synergism of the uncoupling action of antibiotics and the alkaloid capsaicin on model lipid membranes was shown. The threshold concentration of the antibiotic that caused an increase in the ion permeability of the lipid bilayer depended on the membrane lipid composition. It was lower by an order of magnitude in the case of negatively charged lipid bilayers than for the uncharged membranes. This can be explained by the positive charge of the tested agents. At the same time, LCTA-2701 was characterized by greater efficiency than LCTA-1975. In addition to its detergent action, LCTA-2701 can induce ion-permeable transmembrane pores: step-like current fluctuations corresponding to the opening and closing of individual ion channels were observed. The difference in the mechanisms of action might be related to the structural features of the antibiotic molecules: in the LCTA-1975 molecule, all three substituents at the nitrogen atoms of the indole rings are identical and represent n-alkyl (pentyl) groups, while LCTA-2701 contains a maleimide group, along with two alkyl substituents (n-propyl). The obtained results might be relevant to our understanding of the mechanism of action of new antibacterial agents, explaining the difference in the selectivity of action of the tested agents on the target microorganisms and their toxicity to human cells. Model lipid membranes should be used in further studies of the trends in the modification and improvement of the structures of new antibacterial agents.
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Ryan, Marilyn, Vitaya Sridama, and Leslie J. DeGroot. "Cold reactive lymphocytotoxic activity in autoimmune thyroid disease." Acta Endocrinologica 109, no. 4 (August 1985): 492–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1090492.
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Abstract. An increased incidence of cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic activity (LCTA) has been demonstrated in the sera of patients with autoimmune thyroid disease. Twenty-six of 79 (33%) patients with Graves' disease and 9 of 21(43%) patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis had cold-reactive LCTA detected by microcytotoxicity assay compared to 6 of 42 (14%) normal controls. There was no correlation between LCTA and age, sex, MCHA titre or TGHA titre. A positive correlation with FTI and LCTA in Hashimoto's patients was demonstrated, but no such correlation was demonstrable in Graves' patients. The lymphocytotoxic activity was directed preferentially against B cells. There was no preferential lysis of T-cell subsets as defined by monoclonal antibodies, and the lymphocytotoxins were equally reactive with normal lymphocytes and toxic Graves' lymphocytes. The significance of cold-reactive lymphocytotoxic activity in the pathogenesis of autoimmune thyroid disease remains to be determined.
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Choudhury, Avishek, Onur Asan, and Mathew Scanlon. "Usability Study of a Novel Collaborative Health IT in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit." Proceedings of the International Symposium on Human Factors and Ergonomics in Health Care 10, no. 1 (June 2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2327857921101039.
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Non-mandated technologies hold the promise of increasing health care quality by rendering care that is patient-centered, collaborative, and team approach-driven. Large Customizable Interactive Monitor (LCIM), a non-mandated collaborative health information technology (HIT), is a flat panel touch screen monitor that displays validated patient information from the electronic health record (EHR), including vital signs, laboratory results, medications, X-rays, and interventions. The present study conducts semi-structured interviews with 33 parents and 36 providers to address gaps in post-adoption research on collaborative inpatient LCIM in pediatric settings. The study identified 15 usability issues experienced by doctors and patients’ families while using LCIM. The themes were surrounded around data display characteristics, intuition, physical properties, features supporting or opposing the user’s mental model, and technical problems. Filling these gaps produces scientific knowledge about how providers and patients’ family members perceive LCIM technology’s usability.
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Ma, Xi Yuan, Shu Mei Fan, and Myong Soon Park. "Localization-Based Clustered Key Management in Wireless Sensor Network." Advanced Materials Research 482-484 (February 2012): 252–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.482-484.252.
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Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are usually subjected to numerous threats and vulnerable to various attacks. Generally, the key management is considered to be the prerequisite for secure communication in WSNs. In this paper, we present a Localization-based Clustered Key Management (LCKM) which can efficiently enhance the network security and survivability for the clustered heterogeneous networks. LCKM utilizes the seeds to rekey and then localize the key materials, which protects the network from the compromised nodes by reducing the probability of the common key. The security analysis proves that LCKM can prevent more attacks than other protocols.
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Barcellos, Daphne Câmara, Carlos Rocha Gomes Torres, Patricia Rondon Pleffken, Maria Amélia Máximo de Araújo, Marcia Carneiro Valera, and Graziela Robeiro Batista. "Evaluation of Compressive Strength and Microhardness of Composites Associated to Light Curing Characterizing Materials." World Journal of Dentistry 5, no. 1 (2014): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1249.
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ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated the microhardness and compressive strength of composite and light curing characterizing materials (LCCMs) by intrinsic technique. Materials and methods Eighty composite specimens with a cylindrical shape were prepared and divided into eight groups (n = 10): Group E—composite-Enamel shade (ES); Group T— composite-Translucent shade (TS); Group W—White Tetric Color Pigment (Ivoclar/Vivadent) LCCM; Group B—Black Tetric Color Pigment (Ivoclar/Vivadent) LCCM; Group E/W/E—TS/ White Tetric Color Pigment LCCM/ES; Group E/B/E—ES/ Black Tetric Color Pigment LCCM/ES; Group E/W/T—ES/White Tetric Color Pigment LCCM/TS; Group E/B/T—ES/Black Tetric Color Pigment LCCM/TS. The specimens were submitted to a microhardness and compressive strength tests. Data were subjected to ANOVA, Tukey tests (5%) and pearson correlation. Results and conclusion There were significant differences among the groups (p = 0.00). The Pearson correlation showed a p = 0.85. The mean values for microhardness: Group E—73.30a; Group T—66.47b; Group E/W/T—63.71bc; Group E/W/E—62.08bc; Group E/B/E—57.47c; Group E/B/T—55.61c; Group W—39.69d; Group B—37.87d. The mean values for compressive strength: Group E—493.12a; Group T—481.96a; Group E/B/E—359.45b; Group E/W/T—358.64b; Group E/B/T— 357.01b; Group E/W/E—353.73b; Group W—136.62c; Group B—41.22d. The use of LCCM by intrinsic technique reduced the microhardness and compressive strength of composite. There is a strong correlation between microhardness and compressive strength. Clinical significance The use of light curing characterizing materials combined with direct resin restorations can adversely reduce microhardness and compressive strength of direct esthetic restorations. How to cite this article Barcellos DC, Batista GR, Pleffken PR, Valera MC, Torres CRG, de Araújo MAM. Evaluation of Compressive Strength and Microhardness of Composites Associated to Light Curing Characterizing Materials. World J Dent 2014;5(1):6-10.
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Barnett, Addison, Adam Lauko, Hong Li, Assad Ali, Soumya Sagar, Samuel Chao, Nathan Pennell, et al. "CMET-12. EFFICACY OF UPFRONT IMMUNE CHECKPOINT INHIBITORS IN LUNG CANCER BRAIN METASTASIS." Neuro-Oncology 21, Supplement_6 (November 2019): vi53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noz175.213.
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Abstract INTRO/OBJECTIVE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have improved outcomes in a subset of patients with lung cancer. However, data describing the efficacy of ICI in lung cancer brain metastasis (LCBM) is limited. We analyzed overall survival (OS) in patients with LCBM treated with upfront ICI, defined as having received ICI within 90-days of LCBM diagnosis, compared to non-ICI therapies. METHODS We reviewed 665 patients with LCBM diagnosed between 2000 and 2018 at a major tertiary care institution. Of those patients, 240 received ICI, 164 of which received ICI after 90-days and 76 received ICI within 90-days. Propensity score (PS) was calculated by logistic regression model including age, KPS, number of baseline brain lesions, and presence of extra-cranial metastasis (ECM) at time of LCBM diagnosis. OS from LCBM diagnosis between PS matched cohorts were compared using Kaplan-Meier, the Log-Rank test, and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Prior to PS matching, median survival between ICI and non-ICI cohorts was not significantly different (10.9 months for both, p=0.81), although more ICI patients had ECM (57.1% vs 40.9%, p=0.006). Following PS matching, the ICI (n=76) and non-ICI (n=76) cohorts had median age (62.4 vs 62.3 years), KPS (80 for both), lesion number (2 for both), and ECM (56.6% for both). Of matched patients, 94% received SRS, 52% received WBRT, and 29% underwent surgical resection. Compared to non-ICI, the ICI cohort had a 2-year OS hazard ratio=0.87 (95% CI=0.58–1.31, p=0.51). Median and 1-year survival were not significantly different between ICI and non-ICI cohorts (median: 10.9 vs 9.1 months; 1-yr: 43.0% vs 42.4%). CONCLUSION Patients with LCBM who received ICI within 90-days of their diagnosis did not have improvement in OS compared to patients who received non-ICI therapies. Evaluation of clinical factors that may affect the efficacy and durability of immunotherapy is ongoing and will be presented.
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Rasiman, Rasiman. "LEVELING OF CRITICAL THINKING ABILITIES OF STUDENTS OF MATHEMATICS EDUCATION IN MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING." Journal on Mathematics Education 6, no. 1 (April 2, 2015): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.6.1.1941.40-52.
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This research aims to determine the leveling of critical thinking abilities of students of mathematics education in mathematical problem solving. It includes qualitative-explorative study that conducted at University of PGRI Semarang. The generated data in the form of information obtained problem solving question and interview guides. The results are: (1) students who are not critical (LCTA-0) only able to identify the given facts clearly, (2) students are less critical (LCTA-1), students can identify the facts in problems, (3) critical student (LCTA-2), students can identify the fact in problems, revealing the prerequisite knowledge appropriately, solve the problem but still less accurate in every stage, and (4) students are very critical (LCTA-3), students can identify the facts given clearly, mention the concept/ theorem/ prerequisite material. Based on these results, the leveling of students critical thinking abilities can be applied in a lecture at mathematics education.Keywords: leveling, critical thinking, mathematical problem DOI: dx.doi.org/10.22342/jme.61.40
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Yan, Qing You, Xiao Ya Wang, and Si Qi He. "Using Transfer-Entropy TOPSIS and BP Neural Networks Model to early Warning of External Environments of Life Cycle Asset Management." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 3914–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.3914.
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The Life Cycle Asset Management (LCAM) was implemented by the development of smart grid promoted Grid Corporation to change the style of asset management. The external environment of LCAM is a development and changing system which had some characteristic with multi-agent, multi-level and multi-dimensional structure. Therefore, it is imperative requirement of implementing LCAM to .correctly understand and grasp the changing trends of external environment. The purpose of this paper is to propose an external environment early-warning model with LCAM to address the problem with how to grasp the change trends of external environment. This paper first calculated the weight of external environments by TOPSIS based transfer-entropy with survey data. And some significant external environment factors would be selected to be as the input vector of BP Neural Networks. Then the BP Neural Networks model was employed to early warning the situation of external environment. The results showed the superiority of the above two approaches in external environment early warning.
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Zmorayová, Katarína, Pavel Diko, and Jacques G. Noudem. "Microstructure Characterization of La-Ca-Sr-Mn-O Magnetocaloric Ceramics Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering Method." Materials Science Forum 891 (March 2017): 468–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.891.468.
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The influence of different sintering temperatures during Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) process on microstructure of La-Ca-Sr-Mn-O ceramics has been studied. The powders of La0.67Ca0.33-xSrxMnO3 (x = 0.33; 0.03) (LCSM) perovskite were prepared by milling of the stoichiometric amounts of the starting materials - lanthanum oxide (La2O3), calcium oxide (CaO), strontium carbonate (SrCO3) and manganese oxide (MnO2), and subsequently calcinated twice. After the second calcinations the LCSM powders were treated by SPS method at four different temperatures (1000°C, 1150°C, 1200°C and 1250°C), at uniaxial pressure of 50 MPa in a vacuum. The microstructure characterizations were done by polarized light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The microstructural observations showed that increasing sintering temperature leads to an increase of grain size. The energy dispersive spectral (EDS) analysis confirmed that higher sintering temperatures cause changes in the phase composition of the investigated LCSM perovskite materials. The benefits of the LCSM samples preparation by SPS process are discussed.
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Prentice, DE, and AW Meikle. "A review of drug-induced Leydig cell hyperplasia and neoplasia in the rat and some comparisons with man." Human & Experimental Toxicology 14, no. 7 (July 1995): 562–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719501400703.
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This paper describes control of normal Leydig cell func tion and testosterone production. The macroscopic and histopathological appearances of spontaneous Leydig cell hyperplasias and tumors (LCT) in the rat are reviewed together with their incidence and hormonal status. Drugs which induce LCTs in chronic studies are discussed and include busereline, carbamazepine, cimetidine, finas teride, flutamide, gemfibrozil, histrelin, hydralazine, indomethacin, isradipine, lactitol, leuprolide, metronida zole, mesulergine, nafarelin, norprolac and vidarabine. The known mechanisms of LCT induction in the rat are reviewed together with other possible etiological factors. The incidence, clinical picture and etiological factors of LCTs in man are also surveyed. Hormone production in Leydig cells and LCTs in rats and man are compared. Differences between the two species are considered, par ticularly with regard to Leydig cell control mechanisms. The paper concludes that drug-induced LCTs in rats are most probably not predictive for man and their occurrence has little relevance in human safety assessment.
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Tsui, Jonathan Jenkin, Veronica Davey, and Lesley Colvin. "The impact of relocation of chronic pain service from hospital setting to community centre on patient experience: a single-centre audit." British Journal of Pain 12, no. 4 (March 20, 2018): 220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2049463718762975.
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Background and aims: The Lothian Chronic Pain Service relocated from a university teaching hospital (Western General Hospital (WGH)) to a community centre (Leith Community Treatment Centre (LCTC)) in 2015. Transportation and geographical location were noted by staff to be potential challenges that could negatively impact on the patient experience. The objective of this study is to evaluate how relocating pain clinic from an urban-based hospital to a peripheral community centre on patient experience. Methods: An assessment and audit of the impact of the relocation on the Patient-Reported Experience Measure (PREM) of pain services was conducted. Using a nationally developed questionnaire, the patient-reported experience from LCTC was prospectively collected in 2016 and was compared to historical data obtained from WGH in 2014 by National Health Service (NHS) Scotland. All patients attending Lothian Chronic Pain Service clinics were deemed eligible for the audit. Patient demographics were compared between the two data sets. The impact of patient deprivation on patient experience was investigated using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD16). Results: Data from 111 patients from LCTC were compared to 206 patients from WGH. Percentage of patients rating care as ‘excellent’ was found to be significantly greater at LCTC than WGH (0.0049). However, overall patient rating of care from LCTC was not significantly different from WGH data and ratings were higher at LCTC. No correlation was found between patient deprivation and PREM. Conclusion: There is no clear evidence that PREM was negatively affected by the move from a university teaching hospital to a community setting. As this only reported experiences of patients who attended the service, further studies may be warranted to investigate the impact of patient nonattendance.
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Cobos-Aguilar, Héctor. "Cómo construir un instrumento para evaluar la lectura crítica de investigación de informes médicos." Investigación en Educación Médica, no. 39 (July 6, 2021): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/fm.20075057e.2021.39.21358.
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Introducción: La investigación y la lectura crítica de informes médicos publicados (LCIM), cuando se ejercita, es el fundamento de una actividad clínica depurada. Las publicaciones médicas son exponenciales y una LCIM mejora la selección de artículos con metodología robusta. A pesar de su importancia, los currículos universitarios no enfatizan su aprendizaje. Para medir el grado de LCIM los reportes que utilizan instrumentos adolecen, en su mayoría, de validez y consistencia, lo que dificulta la toma de decisiones educativas en esta área. Objetivo: Compartir el proceso de construcción de un instrumento de evaluación de LCIM inmerso en una educación participativa. Métodos: Se presentan los pasos para construir un instrumento para evaluar la LCIM. Se define la lectura crítica como la confrontación del lector con el texto que comprende la interpretación (lo implícito del texto, el reconocimiento metodológicos), el juicio (ponderación de los componentes del artículo consultado) y las propuestas (idear componentes que superen a los presentados por el autor) desde la experiencia del lector y en su contexto. Se enuncian los diferentes diseños y apartados que se considera debe contener un instrumento de esta naturaleza. Se propone cómo elaborar un resumen de un artículo, así como los tallos de los que se derivan los reactivos que exploran los tres indicadores citados antes, la técnica Delphi y sugerencias para determinar la consistencia. Resultados: Se elaboró un resumen de casos y controles, como ejemplo, así como un listado de los tres indicadores, una tabla que los identifica y la secuencia de pasos indispensables en un reporte como este. Conclusiones: Los instrumentos para medir la LCIM deben seguir un proceso riguroso en su elaboración, lo que permitirá tomar mejores decisiones educativas.
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Jeong, Ye-Seon, Jingon Jeong, Se-Yun Kim, Sung-Hwan Bae, Uijong Lee, Hyungsoo Lee, Seong-Moon Seo, and Eun-Joon Chun. "Evaluation of Liquation Cracking Susceptibility of CM247LC Superalloy Repair Welds via Pre-Weld Varestraint Test." Korean Journal of Metals and Materials 60, no. 4 (April 5, 2022): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3365/kjmm.2022.60.4.272.
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In this study, the liquation cracking susceptibility in the heat-affected zone of CM247LC superalloy gas turbine blades during repair welding was quantitatively evaluated using a newly developed pre-weld Varestraint test method. The repair welding geometry was replicated through Varestraint tests for the pre-weld bead. The liquation cracking susceptibility, that is, the liquation cracking temperature range (LCTR), could be evaluated through temperature visualization at the time of crack formation during the Varestraint test. The LCTR of CM247LC alloy repair welds (heat-affected zone of the second layer weld) was 280 K. Compared to the LCTR of as-cast (620 K) and aged (65 K) CM247LC, metallurgical mechanisms for controlling the LCTR of repair welds were examined based on the microstructural characterization and Scheil’s solidification calculations for the pre-weld. The LCTR of the CM247LC alloy repair weld was influenced by the MC carbide fraction and the segregated concentration of trace and impurity elements, such as B and S in pre-weld solidification path. A process design capable of reducing the fraction of MC carbides and solidification segregation of trace impurity elements is required. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, the proposed modified Varestraint testing method for dissimilar welds is expected to analyze the solidification cracking behavior effectively in manufacturing high-soundness CM247LC superalloy welds.
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Treschalin, M. I., I. D. Treschalin, V. A. Golibrodo, A. E. Shchekotikhin, and E. R. Pereverzeva. "Experimental evaluation of toxic properties of LCTA-2034 by the oral routeof administration." Russian Journal of Biotherapy 17, no. 3 (November 25, 2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17650/1726-9784-2018-17-3-81-88.
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Introduction.New antitumor multitarget drug LCTA-2034, obtained in Gause Institute of New Antibiotics, has demonstrated high activity against prognostically significant transplantable mice tumors by the oral application.Objective.To investigate the toxicological properties of LCTA-2034 by the oral route of administration on rats.Materials and methods.Toxicological study of LCTA-2034 was performed on 30 male Wistar rats. Drug substance dissolved in potable water. 2 % solution was administrated per os at the 1 and 5 therapeutic dose (15 × 20 mg/kg or 15 × 100 mg/kg with 24-h interval). During the study dynamics of body weight, hematological parameters, blood biochemical parameters, electrocardiography and urinalysis were performed for all animals. Five animals in each group were sacrificed 1 and 30 days post treatment. The internal organs were subjected to histological evaluation.Results.The results of the study demonstrate that the treatment with low dose of LCTA-2034 does not produce any changes in majority of examined clinical-laboratory parameters with the exception of urinalysis revealed hematuria on day 1 post treatment. Microscopic pathology observation showed structure abnormalities of varying severity in liver, kidneys, heart, stomach, jejunum, ileum, spleen and thymus. Administration of high dose of LCTA-2034 caused mortality of 2 rats in group. The rest of the rats were observed a body weight lag, decrease of total leukocyte and erythrocyte count, hemoglobin and hematocrit level, relative weight of the thymus. Erythrocytes and nitrates were found in urine both on day 1 and on day 30 post treatment. In groups treated with high dose of the drug in addition to the listed above organs damage of the structure of lymph nodes, pancreas, ileum and brain was detected. Conclusion. Revealed toxic properties of LCTA-2034 depended on dose. Multiple administration of 1 therapeutic dose of the drug produces transient toxic effects completely reversible within 30 days.
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Battiste, James, Anish Babu, Rachel Sharp, Sydney Scott, Ian Dunn, Chad Glenn, Young-tae Kim, and Kenneth Jones. "OTME-15. Physical Confinement Induces Diverse Transcriptomic Changes and Chemoresistance in Migrating Glioblastoma Cells." Neuro-Oncology Advances 3, Supplement_2 (July 1, 2021): ii16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/noajnl/vdab070.066.
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Abstract Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells migrating in physically confined environments are affected by mechanical stress that potentially lead to transcriptomic changes. To simulate those stresses, microfluidic channels were made with micro-patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) replicating the physical microenvironment of white matter tracts by confining the cells in linear channels similar to the space between axons. We employed a combination of microarray transcriptomic profiling and single cell-sequencing analyses to investigate cells undergoing linear confined space migration (LCSM). GBM cells spontaneously migrate through confined spaces along 5x5 mm (height/width) microfluidic channels, 0.5 to 5 mm in length. Our previous studies demonstrated that cells migrating in LCSM are more resistant to treatment with temozolomide than the same cells growing in standard monolayer culture (SMC). Cells in confined migration evaluated by microarray-based transcriptomic profiling demonstrated that linear confined migration induces increased expression in pathways involving angiogenesis, cell adhesion, cell motility, DNA damage repair, extracellular matrix structure, HIF1α, and others. Single cell transcriptomic analysis could identify GBM cells in different migratory states (LCSM vs. SMC), and similar pathways were seen upregulated with additional changes in cholesterol biosynthesis pathways and cell cycle regulation pathways. Trajectory Inference aligned single cells according to changes in migration status and demonstrated transcript changes during LCSM were progressive but generally reversible on return to SMC. Pathway analyses showed alterations in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway and cell cycle regulation in cell clusters of confined migrating cells. Molecular studies confirmed that cholesterol biosynthesis pathway regulatory genes (SQLE, MVD, and HMGCR) are upregulated during LCSM. Expression analysis demonstrated increased G1 phase delay in confined migrating cells (LCSM) confirmed by FUCCI expression analysis. We propose that migration in linear confined spaces like white matter structures produces significant transcriptome changes that produce chemoresistance as a new mechanism for treatment resistance of Glioblastoma.
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Lee, Tsung Hung, and Fen-Hauh Jan. "The Low-Carbon Tourism Experience: A Multidimensional Scale Development." Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research 43, no. 6 (May 29, 2019): 890–918. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1096348019849675.
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This study first conceptualized and developed a reliable and valid scale to assess low-carbon tourism experience (LCTE) from the perspective of nature-based tourists. In Stage 1, a 66-item scale was developed using a series of qualitative methods. In Stage 2, 662 usable questionnaires were collected; in turn, confirmatory factor analysis was used to develop a 40-item reliable and valid scale consisting of seven constructs: sensory experience, affective experience, learning experience, sociocultural experience, behavioral experience, escapism experience, and prestige experience. In Stage 3, the cross-validation of this 40-item scale was verified by demonstrating moderate replication of the data using 466 and 523 respondents from forest- and wetland-based destinations, respectively. The application of this LCTE scale may provide guidance to tourists and managers alike for reducing the carbon emissions caused by tourism activities, thereby potentially contributing to sustainable tourism development. This study extends the theoretical LCTE framework into the operational realm of tourism management by rendering LCTE perceptible and assessable, which represents a significant contribution to the sustainable tourism literature.
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Ling, Ji, Lin Fu Zhu, Dennis E. Vance, and René L. Jacobs. "Impaired phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis does not attenuate liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy in hepatic CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-α deficient mice." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 90, no. 10 (October 2012): 1403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y2012-116.
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Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is the major component of mammalian membranes, and the induction of PC biosynthesis has been shown to be an essential step in cell proliferation in various cell lines. Cytidine triphosphate (CTP):phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase α (CTα) regulates the primary pathway of PC biosynthesis in the liver. The targeted disruption of CTα in murine liver (LCTα−/− mice) decreases hepatic PC mass and the number of cells in the liver, suggesting CTα as an important factor for hepatocyte proliferation. To elucidate the role of CTα in hepatic cell division in vivo, we monitored liver regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy in LCTα−/− and loxP flanked (floxed) LCTα (control) mice. To our surprise, liver re-growth, DNA synthesis, and PC mass after surgery were not impaired in LCTα−/− mice, despite reduced total PC synthesis. Furthermore, PC synthesis in the control mice was not induced after 70% partial hepatectomy. We conclude that CTα is not essential for proliferation of hepatocytes in vivo, and that basal hepatic PC biosynthesis is sufficient to sustain regeneration after 70% partial hepatectomy.
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Cao, Shuai, and Wei-dong Song. "Effect of Filling Interval Time on Long-Term Mechanical Strength of Layered Cemented Tailing Backfill." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/9507852.
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To explore the influence that filling interval has on the mechanical strength of layered cemented tailing backfill (LCTB), uniaxial compression test is conducted on LCTB samples with a concentration of 70%, 72%, and 75% and a filling interval of 12 h, 24 h, 36 h, and 48 h. From the tests above, mechanical properties and failure modes of LCTB are acquired. The results are as follows: (1) The peak compressive strength of LCTB decreases as the filling interval increases, and it increases when the concentration grows with a certain length of filling interval. At the same time, the peak compressive strength and filling interval show polynomial distribution. (2) There are four stages during the loading process of cemented backfill specimen, that is, compression stage, linear elastic stage, crack extension stage, and undermines development stage. As the filling interval increases, CTB shows a failure mode of tensile failure-tensile shear failure transition-tensile and shear mixing destruction, which provides a theoretical basis for strength design and stability control of backfill.
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Shimizu, Kimiaki, Yasuyuki Matsushita, Dan Aoki, Hayato Mitsuda, and Kazuhiko Fukushima. "Reactivity of a benzylic lignin-carbohydrate model compound during enzymatic dehydrogenative polymerisation of coniferyl alcohol." Holzforschung 75, no. 8 (January 27, 2021): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2020-0216.
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Abstract Lignin is thought to be covalently bound to carbohydrates like hemicellulose during biosynthesis to form a lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC). However, successive polymerisation with monolignols after the formation of LCC has not yet been clarified. To investigate the reaction of LCC, its enzymatic dehydrogenative polymerisation was conducted using deuterium-labelled coniferyl alcohol and model compounds, i.e., a lignin model (β-O-4 dimer model) compound (LM) and an LCC model (benzyl ether type) compound (LCCM). The obtained polymers (DHPs) were methylated and subjected to thioacidolysis, and the degradation products were quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the amount of coniferyl alcohol connected to the LCCM via β-O-4 binding was almost the same as that bound to the LM. However, the amount of unreacted LCCM was larger than that of LM, suggesting that the LCCM is less likely to form condensed structures, i.e., 5-5, β-5, and 4-O-5 structures. This could be due to the steric hindrance of the carbohydrate at the benzylic position.