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1
Gaurkhede, S. G., M. M. Khandpekar, S. P. Pati, and A. T. Singh. "Blue Fluorescence in Doped LaF3 Nanocrystals Synthesized by Microwave Technique." Advanced Materials Research 584 (October 2012): 219–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.584.219.
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Hexagonal-phase LaF3: Ce3+, Pr3+, and Sm3+ doped (LCPS) nano-crystals have been synthesized by keeping same molarities of rare earth elements using aqueous route. The samples have been synthesized in conventional microwave on low power range in about an hour’s time. The phase formation has been verified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD).Hexagonal geometry of the LCPS nano-crystals has been observed with an average particle size of 20 nm by TEM analysis. The JCPDS Card No. (32-0483) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern has been used for identification of crystal structure. The UV- VIS spectra indicated band gap of 5.00eV. The FTIR spectrums have been used for assignment of fundamental vibrations. Blue fluorescence observed with exciting wavelengths of 254 nm respectively. The presence of rare-earth elements in LCPS nano-crystals have been verified by the EDAX spectra.
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Liu, Lei, Yongji Wang, Fuqiang Xie, and Jiashi Gao. "Legendre Cooperative PSO Strategies for Trajectory Optimization." Complexity 2018 (2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5036791.
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Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a population-based stochastic optimization technique in a smooth search space. However, in a category of trajectory optimization problem with arbitrary final time and multiple control variables, the smoothness of variables cannot be satisfied since the linear interpolation is widely used. In the paper, a novel Legendre cooperative PSO (LCPSO) is proposed by introducing Legendre orthogonal polynomials instead of the linear interpolation. An additional control variable is introduced to transcribe the original optimal problem with arbitrary final time to the fixed one. Then, a practical fast one-dimensional interval search algorithm is designed to optimize the additional control variable. Furthermore, to improve the convergence and prevent explosion of the LCPSO, a theorem on how to determine the boundaries of the coefficient of polynomials is given and proven. Finally, in the numeral simulations, compared with the ordinary PSO and other typical intelligent optimization algorithms GA and DE, the proposed LCPSO has traits of lower dimension, faster speed of convergence, and higher accuracy, while providing smoother control variables.
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Cheng, Guanghao, Xiaochun Shu, Zhong Wang, Ning Wang, and Fengjiao Zhang. "Establishing a Virus-Induced Gene Silencing System in Lycoris chinensis." Plants 12, no. 13 (June 27, 2023): 2458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12132458.
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Lycoris is an important plant with both medicinal and ornamental values. However, it does not have an efficient genetic transformation system, which makes it difficult to study gene function of the genus. Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) is an effective technique for studying gene functions in plants. In this study, we develop an efficient virus-induced gene-silencing (VIGS) system using the leaf tip needle injection method. The widely used TRV vector is constructed, and the Cloroplastos Alterados 1 (CLA1) and Phytoene Desaturase (PDS) genes are selected as visual indicators in the VIGS system. As a result, it is observed that leaves infected with TRV-LcCLA1 and TRV-LcPDS both show a yellowing phenotype (loss of green), and the chlorosis range of TRV-LcCLA1 was larger and deeper than that of TRV-LcPDS. qRT-PCR results show that the expression levels of LcCLA1 and LcPDS are significantly reduced, and the silencing efficiency of LcCLA1 is higher than that of LcPDS. These results indicate that the VIGS system of L. chinensis was preliminarily established, and LcCLA1 is more suitable as a gene-silencing indicator. For the monocotyledonous plant leaves with a waxy surface, the leaf tip injection method greatly improves the infiltration efficiency. The newly established VIGS system will contribute to gene functional research in Lycoris species.
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Apostolov, A. T., I. N. Apostolova, and J. M. Wesselinowa. "Magnetic and electric properties of multiferroic LiFeP2O7. Comparison with LiCrP2O7." Modern Physics Letters B 35, no. 09 (February 2, 2021): 2150158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021798492150158x.
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The temperature and magnetic field dependence of the magnetic and electric properties of LiFeP2O7 (LFPO) and LiCrP2O7 (LCPO) are studied using a microscopic model and the Green’s function technique. We have shown that LFPO is antiferromagnetic, but shows a weak ferromagnetism along the [Formula: see text] axis which originates from the canted antiferromagnetic order. For LCPO, such a ferromagnetic order along the [Formula: see text] axis is not observed. In the temperature dependence of the electrical polarization [Formula: see text] along the [Formula: see text] axis there is a kink at [Formula: see text] K which is an indirect evidence for the intrinsic magnetoelectric effect in LFPO. Applying an external magnetic field [Formula: see text], the polarization [Formula: see text] increases, stronger for small temperatures and the kink at [Formula: see text] disappears. For LCPO, we do not obtain a kink at [Formula: see text] K. LCPO is polar, but not ferroelectric. We can conclude that the missing magnetoelectric properties in LCPO could be due to the differences in the magnetic orders between LFPO and LCPO.
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Castagnini, Francesco, Giuseppe Tella, Maurizio Montalti, Federico Biondi, Barbara Bordini, Luca Busanelli, and Aldo Toni. "Mid-term outcomes of a partial 2-stage approach in late chronic periprosthetic hip infections." HIP International 30, no. 3 (January 2, 2020): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120700019855627.
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Introduction: Late chronic periprosthetic infections (LCPIs) are worrisome complications of primary hip arthroplasties. The gold standard procedure is the 2-stage revision. 1-stage exchange is gaining popularity in order to reduce the invasivity of the former technique. A partial 2-stage exchange technique, retaining fixed components, may overcome some of the drawbacks of the previous techniques, allowing a much easier reconstruction step. Methods: 28 patients with a LCPI after a primary total hip arthroplasty underwent a first removal stage: the loosened component was removed (23 cups and 5 stems) and the fixed component, with no local signs of infection, was retained. An antibiotic hand molded spacer was positioned in 16 cases. After a mean time of 8 months and a tailored antimicrobial therapy, the spacer was removed and the implant was revised. Results: The mean follow-up was 5 years. The HHS score was 82.7. 4 cases failed (2 patients presenting a septic relapse after revision and 2 patients undergoing Girdlestone arthroplasty), achieving a survival rate of 83.4% at 5 years. 2 patients were unwilling to perform a further procedure and did not proceed to the second stage. All the other patients had no clinical, radiological, laboratory signs of septic relapse. Conclusions: The partial 2-stage approach seems a promising technique for LCPI in selected cases, with good infection control. It allows an easier revision by sparing the fixed components. Larger case series and longer follow-ups are needed to confirm the results and identify the limits of this approach.
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Shen, Jiang, Jiachao Wu, Man Xu, Dan Gan, Bang An, and Fusheng Liu. "A Hybrid Method to Predict Postoperative Survival of Lung Cancer Using Improved SMOTE and Adaptive SVM." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2021 (September 10, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/2213194.
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Predicting postoperative survival of lung cancer patients (LCPs) is an important problem of medical decision-making. However, the imbalanced distribution of patient survival in the dataset increases the difficulty of prediction. Although the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) can be used to deal with imbalanced data, it cannot identify data noise. On the other hand, many studies use a support vector machine (SVM) combined with resampling technology to deal with imbalanced data. However, most studies require manual setting of SVM parameters, which makes it difficult to obtain the best performance. In this paper, a hybrid improved SMOTE and adaptive SVM method is proposed for imbalance data to predict the postoperative survival of LCPs. The proposed method is divided into two stages: in the first stage, the cross-validated committees filter (CVCF) is used to remove noise samples to improve the performance of SMOTE. In the second stage, we propose an adaptive SVM, which uses fuzzy self-tuning particle swarm optimization (FPSO) to optimize the parameters of SVM. Compared with other advanced algorithms, our proposed method obtains the best performance with 95.11% accuracy, 95.10% G -mean, 95.02% F1, and 95.10% area under the curve (AUC) for predicting postoperative survival of LCPs.
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Sawyer, Linda C. "Structure-property relations of liquid crystalline polymers." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 45 (August 1987): 460–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100127013.
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Recent liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) research has sought to define structure-property relationships of these complex new materials. The two major types of LCPs, thermotropic and lyotropic LCPs, both exhibit effects of process history on the microstructure frozen into the solid state. The high mechanical anisotropy of the molecules favors formation of complex structures. Microscopy has been used to develop an understanding of these microstructures and to describe them in a fundamental structural model. Preparation methods used include microtomy, etching, fracture and sonication for study by optical and electron microscopy techniques, which have been described for polymers. The model accounts for the macrostructures and microstructures observed in highly oriented fibers and films.Rod-like liquid crystalline polymers produce oriented materials because they have extended chain structures in the solid state. These polymers have found application as high modulus fibers and films with unique properties due to the formation of ordered solutions (lyotropic) or melts (thermotropic) which transform easily into highly oriented, extended chain structures in the solid state.
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Winnicki, Marcin. "Advanced Functional Metal-Ceramic and Ceramic Coatings Deposited by Low-Pressure Cold Spraying: A Review." Coatings 11, no. 9 (August 30, 2021): 1044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings11091044.
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Based on the recent analysis of various databases, cold spray (CS), the newest method among thermal spraying technologies, has received the unabated attention of hundreds of researchers continuously since its invention in the 1980s. The significance of CS lies in the low process temperature, which usually ensures compressive residual stresses and allows for the formation of coatings on a thermally sensitive substrate. This paper concerns the low-pressure cold spray (LPCS) variant employed for forming metal matrix composites (MMCs) with high ceramic contents and all-ceramic coatings. At the very beginning, the influence of LPCS process parameters on deposition efficiency (DE) is analysed. In the next part, the most useful feedstock powder preparation techniques for LCPS are presented. Due to the combination of bottom-up powder production methods (e.g., sol-gel (SG)) with LCPS, the metal matrix that works as a binder for ceramic particles in MMC coatings can be removed, resulting in all-ceramic coatings. Furthermore, with optimization of spraying parameters, it is possible to predict and control phase transformation in the feedstock material. Further in the paper, differences in the bonding mechanism of metal–ceramic mixtures and ceramic particles are presented. The properties and applications of various MMC and ceramic coatings are also discussed. Finally, the exemplary direction of CS development is suggested.
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Abacilar, Maryna, Fabian Daus, and Armin Geyer. "Chemoselective silicification of synthetic peptides and polyamines." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (January 8, 2015): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.10.
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Biosilicification sets the standard for the localized in vitro precipitation of silica at low orthosilicate concentrations in aqueous environment under ambient conditions. Numerous parameters must be controlled for the development of new technologies in designing inventive nanosilica structures, which are able to challenge the biological templates. A long neglected requirement that came into focus in the recent years are the cellular techniques of preventing unintentional lithification of cellular structures since numerous cellular components such as membranes, DNA, and proteins are known to precipitate nanosilica. The diatom metabolism makes use of techniques that restrict silicification to an armor of silica around the cell wall while avoiding the petrifying gaze of Medusa, which turns the whole cell into stone. Step by step, biochemistry unveils the hierarchical interplay of an arsenal of low-molecular weight molecules, proteins, and the cytoskeletal architecture and it becomes clearer why the organisms invest much metabolic effort for an obviously simple chemical reaction like the precipitation of amorphous silica. The discrimination between different soluble components in the silicification process (chemoselective silicification) is not only vitally important for the diatom but poses an interesting challenge for in vitro experiments. Until now, silica precipitation studies were mainly focused on the amount, the morphology, and composition of the precipitate while disregarding a quantitative analysis of the remaining soluble components. Here, we turn the tables and quantify the soluble components by 1H NMR in the progress of precipitation and present experiments which quantify the additivity, and potential cooperativity of long chain polyamines (LCPAs) and cationic peptides in the silicification process.
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Nowakowski, Waldemar, Piotr Bojarczyk, and Zbigniew Łukasik. "Functional analysis of railway traffic control system using an expert system." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 19, no. 6 (June 30, 2018): 627–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2018.145.
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The major functionality of railway traffic control system is to ensure efficient and safe railway traffic. Contemporary technique, electronics and informatics in particular, allows for automation of more and more tasks in transportation processes. Irrespective of the manufacturing technology, railway traffic control systems have to meet specific safety requirements. Because of this, these systems belong to group of safety-critical systems, also called safety-related systems. Due to these requirements, development, building and verification processes of railway traffic control systems always end with the assessment of correctness of each process. It should be pointed out that these processes are compound and require high skills level for persons involved in it. Because of this, an environment for an expert system (ExSys Corvid) can be used to automation of these processes. Authors used ExSys Corvid environment to build the expert system for verification and validation of Level Crossing Protection System (LCPS). Research conducted by authors confirmed high usefulness of this technology and showed the need for the usage of it in other railway traffic control systems.
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Boskind, Madison, Nikitha Nelapudi, Grace Williamson, Bobby Mendez, Rucha Juarez, Lubo Zhang, Arlin B. Blood, Christopher G. Wilson, Jose Luis Puglisi, and Sean M. Wilson. "Improved Workflow for Analysis of Vascular Myocyte Time-Series and Line-Scan Ca2+ Imaging Datasets." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (June 4, 2023): 9729. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119729.
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Intracellular Ca2+ signals are key for the regulation of cellular processes ranging from myocyte contraction, hormonal secretion, neural transmission, cellular metabolism, transcriptional regulation, and cell proliferation. Measurement of cellular Ca2+ is routinely performed using fluorescence microscopy with biological indicators. Analysis of deterministic signals is reasonably straightforward as relevant data can be discriminated based on the timing of cellular responses. However, analysis of stochastic, slower oscillatory events, as well as rapid subcellular Ca2+ responses, takes considerable time and effort which often includes visual analysis by trained investigators, especially when studying signals arising from cells embedded in complex tissues. The purpose of the current study was to determine if full-frame time-series and line-scan image analysis workflow of Fluo-4 generated Ca2+ fluorescence data from vascular myocytes could be automated without introducing errors. This evaluation was addressed by re-analyzing a published “gold standard” full-frame time-series dataset through visual analysis of Ca2+ signals from recordings made in pulmonary arterial myocytes of en face arterial preparations. We applied a combination of data driven and statistical approaches with comparisons to our published data to assess the fidelity of the various approaches. Regions of interest with Ca2+ oscillations were detected automatically post hoc using the LCPro plug-in for ImageJ. Oscillatory signals were separated based on event durations between 4 and 40 s. These data were filtered based on cutoffs obtained from multiple methods and compared to the published manually curated “gold standard” dataset. Subcellular focal and rapid Ca2+ “spark” events from line-scan recordings were examined using SparkLab 5.8, which is a custom automated detection and analysis program. After filtering, the number of true positives, false positives, and false negatives were calculated through comparisons to visually derived “gold standard” datasets. Positive predictive value, sensitivity, and false discovery rates were calculated. There were very few significant differences between the automated and manually curated results with respect to quality of the oscillatory and Ca2+ spark events, and there were no systematic biases in the data curation or filtering techniques. The lack of statistical difference in event quality between manual data curation and statistically derived critical cutoff techniques leads us to believe that automated analysis techniques can be reliably used to analyze spatial and temporal aspects to Ca2+ imaging data, which will improve experiment workflow.
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Zhou, Tian, Seyyed Meghdad Hasheminasab, Radhika Ravi, and Ayman Habib. "LiDAR-Aided Interior Orientation Parameters Refinement Strategy for Consumer-Grade Cameras Onboard UAV Remote Sensing Systems." Remote Sensing 12, no. 14 (July 15, 2020): 2268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12142268.
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Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are quickly emerging as a popular platform for 3D reconstruction/modeling in various applications such as precision agriculture, coastal monitoring, and emergency management. For such applications, LiDAR and frame cameras are the two most commonly used sensors for 3D mapping of the object space. For example, point clouds for the area of interest can be directly derived from LiDAR sensors onboard UAVs equipped with integrated global navigation satellite systems and inertial navigation systems (GNSS/INS). Imagery-based mapping, on the other hand, is considered to be a cost-effective and practical option and is often conducted by generating point clouds and orthophotos using structure from motion (SfM) techniques. Mapping with photogrammetric approaches requires accurate camera interior orientation parameters (IOPs), especially when direct georeferencing is utilized. Most state-of-the-art approaches for determining/refining camera IOPs depend on ground control points (GCPs). However, establishing GCPs is expensive and labor-intensive, and more importantly, the distribution and number of GCPs are usually less than optimal to provide adequate control for determining and/or refining camera IOPs. Moreover, consumer-grade cameras with unstable IOPs have been widely used for mapping applications. Therefore, in such scenarios, where frequent camera calibration or IOP refinement is required, GCP-based approaches are impractical. To eliminate the need for GCPs, this study uses LiDAR data as a reference surface to perform in situ refinement of camera IOPs. The proposed refinement strategy is conducted in three main steps. An image-based sparse point cloud is first generated via a GNSS/INS-assisted SfM strategy. Then, LiDAR points corresponding to the resultant image-based sparse point cloud are identified through an iterative plane fitting approach and are referred to as LiDAR control points (LCPs). Finally, IOPs of the utilized camera are refined through a GNSS/INS-assisted bundle adjustment procedure using LCPs. Seven datasets over two study sites with a variety of geomorphic features are used to evaluate the performance of the developed strategy. The results illustrate the ability of the proposed approach to achieve an object space absolute accuracy of 3–5 cm (i.e., 5–10 times the ground sampling distance) at a 41 m flying height.
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J., Raghu Kumar, Prasanna Anaberu, and Vinit M. Oswal. "Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis of lower end of femur fractures using locking compression plating: a prospective study." International Journal of Research in Orthopaedics 3, no. 5 (August 24, 2017): 1043. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2455-4510.intjresorthop20173939.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">The treatment of distal femur fractures has recently evolved towards indirect reduction and minimally invasive techniques. The goal is to strike a balance between the mechanical stability of the fragments and the biological viability. Pre-contoured Locking compression plates (LCPs) have shown to give best results in terms of recovery, fracture union, return to work and functional outcome. Advent of MIPO technique has reduced the amount of soft tissue injury, delayed healing, tissue necrosis and infections.</span>The objective was <span lang="EN-IN">to study the functional result of fracture distal femur treated by closed reduction with LCP by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO).</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 20 cases of fracture distal end of femur were treated by closed reduction and internal fixation using LCP by MIPO between 1st October 2013 to 30th September 2015 at our centre. The patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically for functional outcomes. All patients were followed up for an average of 12 months. Outcome was assessed using NEER’s score.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">8 of my patients were male and 12 were female. All of them were closed injuries and fresh cases. The mean age was 51.8 years (21-68 yrs). 13 patients sustained RTA and 7 patients had accidental fall. 8 patients had right sided distal femur fracture and 12 had left sided injury. According to NEER’s score 50% had excellent results, 35% had good results and 15% had fair results. Gait and weight bearing after union was satisfactory. Range of motion of knee joint in majority of patients was within acceptable limits. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Closed reduction and internal fixation of fracture lower end of femur by MIPO using LCP is one of the best modalities of treatment for good results.</span></p>
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Ziranu, Antonio, Giovanni Noia, Valerio Cipolloni, Michele Coviello, Giuseppe Maccagnano, Francesco Liuzza, Giulio Maccauro, Luigi Aurelio Nasto, and Enrico Pola. "Revision Surgery Using Retrograde Nail versus Replating in Nonunion Distal Femur Fracture Treated with Plate." Advances in Orthopedics 2022 (June 2, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5742743.
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Articular distal femur fractures represent 4% to 6% of femur fractures. Locking compression plates (LCPs) are the main treatment option. Nevertheless, a reoperation rate of 12.9% has been reported; nonunion is reported at 4.8%, delayed union at 1.6%, and malunion at 0.6%. Treatment of nonunions can be challenging as no unanimous consensus regarding the best surgical technique has been reached. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare two types of revision surgery as treatment of LCP-treated articular distal femoral fracture nonunion: retrograde nail or replating. A retrospective cohort study of patients admitted from January 2015 to February 2017 for nonunion of AO/OTA 33C2 fractures previously treated with a lateral LCP was conducted. Patients were treated either with intramedullary nailing (Group A) or with replating (Group B). One independent observer performed clinically and radiographically followed up at 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, and 36 months after surgery. The nonunion scoring system (NUSS) was used. Nine patients were included in our study. The mean follow-up was 2 years. Five patients were treated with intramedullary nailing and four with replating. The NUSS score was 24.2 ± 6.8 in the nailing group and 37.3 ± 3 in the replating group ( P = 0.03 ). In the nailing group, radiographic consolidation was obtained in all cases. In the replating group, nonunion was found in 3 patients and failure of osteosynthesis in one patient. Therefore, four patients (Group B) underwent implant removal and retrograde femoral nailing, obtaining radiological healing. The union time was 7.6 months in the nailing group. Retrograde intramedullary nailing can be used as an effective treatment of aseptic AO-33C distal femoral nonunion following primary locking plating.
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Vitković, Nikola, Jelena R. Stojković, Nikola Korunović, Emil Teuţan, Alin Pleşa, Alexandru Ianoşi-Andreeva-Dimitrova, Filip Górski, and Răzvan Păcurar. "Extra-Articular Distal Humerus Plate 3D Model Creation by Using the Method of Anatomical Features." Materials 16, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 5409. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16155409.
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Proper fixation techniques are crucial in orthopedic surgery for the treatment of various medical conditions. Fractures of the distal humerus can occur due to either high-energy trauma with skin rupture or low-energy trauma in osteoporotic bone. The recommended surgical approach for treating these extra-articular distal humerus fractures involves performing an open reduction and internal fixation procedure using plate implants. This surgical intervention plays a crucial role in enhancing patient recovery and minimizing soft tissue complications. Dynamic Compression Plates (DCPs) and Locking Compression Plates (LCPs) are commonly used for bone fixation, with LCP extra-articular distal humerus plates being the preferred choice for extra-articular fractures. These fixation systems have anatomically shaped designs that provide angular stability to the bone. However, depending on the shape and position of the bone fracture, additional plate bending may be required during surgery. This can pose challenges such as increased surgery time and the risk of incorrect plate shaping. To enhance the accuracy of plate placement, the study introduces the Method of Anatomical Features (MAF) in conjunction with the Characteristic Product Features methodology (CPF). The utilization of the MAF enables the development of a parametric model for the contact surface between the plate and the humerus. This model is created using specialized Referential Geometrical Entities (RGEs), Constitutive Geometrical Entities (CGEs), and Regions of Interest (ROI) that are specific to the human humerus bone. By utilizing this anatomically tailored contact surface model, the standard plate model can be customized (bent) to precisely conform to the distinct shape of the patient’s humerus bone during the pre-operative planning phase. Alternatively, the newly designed model can be fabricated using a specific manufacturing technology. This approach aims to improve geometrical accuracy of plate fixation, thus optimizing surgical outcomes and patient recovery.
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Kumar, Dr Ch Manohar, Ms M. V. Sree Harika, Mr S. Mahesh Babu, Ms D. Manasa Lakshmi, and Mr G. Jagadeesh. "2:1 Multiplexer Design Using Lector, LCnmos, LCpmos Power Reduction Techniques with 45nm, 90nm, 180nm CMOS Technology." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology, May 1, 2022, 12–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2022.10.3.4.
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Today’s modern communication requires high data transmission rate and low power consumption. One of the most common concept of data transmission can be achieved by Multiplexers. The Multiplexers are the logic designs where data can be transmitted by n number of inputs over transmission path based on the selection line producing the single input. The application of Multiplexers is more active in communications system. AlsoLow power consumption and high-speed result is the major concern for choosing the digital circuits [1,2]. Here we designed 2:1 Multiplexer using CMOS technology with 45nm, 90nm, 180nm. Since CMOS offers less power consumption, we can till reduce the power consumed by using power reduction techniques. In this paper we designed and compared the 2:1 Multiplexer using Lector, LCnmos and LCpmos power reduction techniques.
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Parida, Sarada Prasad, and Pankaj Charan Jena. "Selective layer-by-layer fillering and its effect on the dynamic response of laminated composite plates using higher-order theory." Journal of Vibration and Control, April 15, 2022, 107754632210811. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10775463221081180.
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In this work, a fifth-order shear deformation theory is computed using the layer-wise model to determine non-dimensional fundamental frequencies. The theoretical, experimental, and finite element analysis (FEA) results are compared for a standard isotropic material. Hand layup technique is used to prepare glass fiber reinforced polymer composites (GFRPC) with selective layers filled with graphene and flyash. This technique helps to reduce the fabrication cost as the whole structure is not to be strengthened by the fillers. Six classes of the laminated-composite-plate (LCP) such as outer layer graphenated LCP (O-LCP), core layer graphenated LCP(C-LCP), functionally graded LCP (FG-LCP), LCPs only rich in graphene (G-LCP), LCPs only rich in flyash (F-LCP) along with a neat epoxy-glass LCP (N-LCP) are fabricated. A low-cost frequency measurement module is set-up to measure the fundamental frequency (FF) of the fabricated LCPs. FFs, amplitudes, non-dimensional stress parameters, and central deflection of the LCPs under harmonic load, the buckling strength, and displacements of the LCPs are calculated. It is found that harmonically excited C-LCP and O-LCP have better stability accompanied by lower deflections, followed by G-LCP as compared to other kinds of LCPs. Also, the addition of graphene increases the buckling strength of LCPs, which portrays that the local layer filling is a useful technique to enhance the strength of the LCPs.
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Darvay, Zsolt, Tibor Illés, and Csilla Majoros. "Interior-point algorithm for sufficient LCPs based on the technique of algebraically equivalent transformation." Optimization Letters, June 24, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11590-020-01612-0.
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GRIMES, Welid, and Mohamed Achache. "A path-following interior-point algorithm for monotone LCP based on a modified Newton search direction." RAIRO - Operations Research, April 13, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/ro/2023054.
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In this paper, we propose a short-step feasible full-Newton step path-following interior-point algorithm (IPA) for monotone linear complementarity problems (LCPs). The proposed IPA uses the technique of algebraic equivalent transformation (AET) induced by an univariate function to transform the centering equations which defines the central-path. By applying Newton’s method to the modified system of the central-path of LCP, a new Newton search direction is obtained. Under new appropriate defaults of the threshold τ which defines the size of the neighborhood of the central-path and of θ which determines the decrease in the barrier parameter, we prove that the IPA is well-defined and converges locally quadratically to a solution of the monotone LCPs. Moreover, we derive its iteration bound, namely, ) which coincides with the best-known iteration bound for such algorithms. Finally, some numerical results are presented to show its efficiency.
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Coleman, Kristin A., Caleb C. Hudson, and Joe Flanagan. "Repair of a Comminuted Femur Fracture in a Komodo Dragon (Varanus komodoensis) Using a Double Plating Technique." Journal of Herpetological Medicine and Surgery, December 19, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5818/jhms-d-22-00020.
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This report describes double locking compression plate fixation of a moderately comminuted mid-diaphyseal right femur fracture in a Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis). The animal was restrained for a routine examination, during which the dragon struggled to escape restraint. When returned to the exhibit, the dragon did not use the right pelvic limb to walk. A right-sided, closed, mid-diaphyseal comminuted (type C3) femur fracture was diagnosed using palpation and radiographs, and the animal was transported to a specialty clinic within a few hours for fracture repair. Two locking compression plates (LCPs) were applied in bridging fashion for fracture repair. Radiographs performed at the four-month post-operative recheck revealed a healed fracture with significant callus formation and stable implants. The dragon was transitioned from cage rest in a restricted space to his normal large exhibit after healing was confirmed, no lameness was observed, and normal limb use was noted. After almost three years, he is still ambulating normally and without lameness. This is the first report of successful femur fracture stabilization using bone plate fixation in a Komodo dragon.
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De Santis, Marianna, Sven de Vries, Martin Schmidt, and Lukas Winkel. "A Penalty Branch-and-Bound Method for Mixed Binary Linear Complementarity Problems." INFORMS Journal on Computing, August 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/ijoc.2022.1216.
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Linear complementarity problems (LCPs) are an important modeling tool for many practically relevant situations and also have many important applications in mathematics itself. Although the continuous version of the problem is extremely well-studied, much less is known about mixed-integer LCPs (MILCPs) in which some variables have to be integer-valued in a solution. In particular, almost no tailored algorithms are known besides reformulations of the problem that allow us to apply general purpose mixed integer linear programming solvers. In this paper, we present, theoretically analyze, enhance, and test a novel branch-and-bound method for MILCPs. The main property of this method is that we do not “branch” on constraints as usual but by adding suitably chosen penalty terms to the objective function. By doing so, we can either provably compute an MILCP solution if one exists or compute an approximate solution that minimizes an infeasibility measure combining integrality and complementarity conditions. We enhance the method by MILCP-tailored valid inequalities, node selection strategies, branching rules, and warm-starting techniques. The resulting algorithm is shown to clearly outperform two benchmark approaches from the literature.
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Illés, Tibor, Petra Renáta Rigó, and Roland Török. "Unified Approach of Interior-Point Algorithms for $$P_*(\kappa )$$-LCPs Using a New Class of Algebraically Equivalent Transformations." Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications, June 9, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10957-023-02232-1.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe propose new short-step interior-point algorithms (IPAs) for solving $$P_*(\kappa )$$ P ∗ ( κ ) -linear complementarity problems (LCPs). In order to define the search directions, we use the algebraic equivalent transformation (AET) technique of the system describing the central path. A novelty of the paper is that we introduce a whole, new class of AET functions for which a unified complexity analysis of the IPAs is presented. This class of functions differs from the ones used in the literature for determining search directions, like the class of concave functions determined by Haddou, Migot and Omer, self-regular functions, eligible kernel and self-concordant functions. We prove that the IPAs using any member $$\varphi $$ φ of the new class of AET functions have polynomial iteration complexity in the size of the problem, in starting point’s duality gap, in the accuracy parameter and in the parameter $$\kappa $$ κ .
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Darvay, Zsolt, and Petra Renáta Rigó. "Interior-point algorithm for symmetric cone horizontal linear complementarity problems based on a new class of algebraically equivalent transformations." Optimization Letters, June 13, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11590-023-02020-w.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractWe generalize a primal-dual interior-point algorithm (IPA) proposed recently in (Illés T, Rigó PR, Török R Unified approach of primal-dual interior-point algorithms for a new class of AET functions, 2022) to $$P_*(\kappa )$$ P ∗ ( κ ) -horizontal linear complementarity problems (LCPs) over Cartesian product of symmetric cones. The algorithm is based on the algebraic equivalent transformation (AET) technique with a new class of AET functions. The new class is a modification of the class of AET functions proposed in (Illés T, Rigó PR, Török R Unified approach of primal-dual interior-point algorithms for a new class of AET functions, 2022) where only two conditions are used as opposed to three used in (Illés T, Rigó PR, Török R Unified approach of primal-dual interior-point algorithms for a new class of AET functions, 2022). Furthermore, the algorithm is a feasible algorithm that uses full Nesterov-Todd steps, hence, no calculation of step-size is necessary. Nevertheless, we prove that the proposed IPA has the iteration bound that matches the best known iteration bound for IPAs solving these types of problems.