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Gunes, Kaan. "In-situ Ultrasonic Compatibilization of Binary Blends of Flexible Chain Polyesters and Aromatic Liquid Crystalline Polymers." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1252611659.
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Jüttner, Gábor. "Fließinduzierte Orientierungen in spritzgegossenen LCP-Teilen." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200400254.
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Die Arbeit behandelt ausgewählte Aspekte der Ausbildung strömungsinduzierter Orientierungen und deren Auswirkung auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften in spritzgegossenen LCP-Formteilen. Es werden die Grundlagen zum rheologischen Verhalten von LCP, zum Füllvorgang und zur Orientierungsausbildung beim Spritzgießen sowie zu den Methoden der Orientierungsuntersuchung zusammengefaßt. Rheologische Untersuchungen werden aus der Sicht der praktischen Kennwertermittlung durchgeführt. Dabei wird die Abhängigkeit der Viskosität von der Düsenlänge und von der thermo-rheologischen Vorgeschichte analysiert sowie eine Viskosimeter-Vorrichtung für die Spritzgießmaschine vorgestellt und erprobt. Die umfangreiche Analyse verarbeitungsinduzierter Formteileigenschaften behandelt schwerpunktmäßig Orientierungsphänomene in der Wanddickenrichtung. Die Orientierungseffekte werden durch Grauwertmessungen erfaßt. Ein Meßaufbau mit einer kalibrierten Mikroskop-Digitalkamera-Kombination ermöglicht die reproduzierbare, effektive Messung der Grauwerte in hoher Ortsauflösung und damit eine über die bisher bekannten qualitativen Vergleiche hinausgehende quantitative Auswertung. Anhand der Grauwertverläufe wird der Einfluss technologischer und konstruktiver Parameter auf die Orientierungsstruktur dargelegt und mit Ergebnissen der Computersimulation verglichen. Durch parallele Messung anisotroper mechanischer Kennwerte und Orientierungsmerkmale werden richtungsabhängige Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen bestimmt.
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Ekholm, Sofia, and Renate Hillerström. "Omvårdnad vid livets slut: LCP i jämförelse med ordinarie palliativ vård samt sjuksköterskors och läkares erfarenhet av LCP." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-3657.
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Syftet med denna studie var att se om en strukturerad vårdform vid livets slut såsom Liverpool Care Pathway for the dying, LCP, har någon inverkan på omvårdnaden av de palliativa patienterna jämfört med ordinarie palliativ vård samt att beskriva vårdpersonalens upplevelser av LCP. Studien genomfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie där underlag inhämtades genom sökning av veteskapliga artiklar i databaser samt att artiklar söktes manuellt på Högskolan Dalarnas bibliotek. Artiklar har även sökts från referenser på andra artiklar direkt på titeln och vid sökningarna användes sökorden både enskilt och i kombination varvid 10 artiklar valdes ut till resultatet. Resultatet visade att efter införandet av LCP förbättrades dokumentationen, patienterna hade inte onödiga livsförlängande behandlingar. Symtomen i form av smärta, oro/ångest och slemproduktion var mindre, samt att kommunikationen mellan vårdpersonal, närstående och patient förbättrades. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde att tiden för dokumentation förkortades och mer tid kunde läggas på patienterna, sjuksköterskor ansåg också att den gamla rutinmässiga behandlingen och omvårdnaden förbättrades. LCP dokumenten gjorde även att anhöriga kunde följa omvårdnaden vilket gjorde dem tryggare i vad som skedde med deras närstående och vad som hände i vården runt denne.
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Tenza, Llorente María. "La Tutela del deudor y del garante hipotecario en la LCCI." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672645.
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La presente investigación tiene como objeto el análisis de la protección dispensada a los deudores y los demás sujetos pasivos de la relación jurídica crediticia por la Ley 5/2019, de 15 de marzo, de Contratos de Crédito Inmobiliario. Aprobada con la finalidad de transponer la Directiva comunitaria 2014/17, de 4 de febrero, esta Ley supera este objetivo inicial para introducir en el Ordenamiento jurídico un conjunto de obligaciones para el acreedor y unas limitaciones de carácter imperativo en las cláusulas de los contratos concertados con las personas físicas que recaigan sobre bienes inmuebles de uso residencial y a los consumidores que destinen el crédito a adquirir o conservar derechos de propiedad sobre inmuebles o terrenos construidos o por construir. Este análisis se realiza a través del estudio del ámbito de aplicación de la Ley en sus cuatro aspectos: subjetivo, objetivo, espacial y temporal, precedido en los dos primeros casos por una breve exposición de la forma en que la Directiva y otros Ordenamientos jurídicos de los países de la Unión Europea aborda estos aspectos, junto con los pronunciamientos del Tribunal de Justicia de la Unión Europea.This paper analyzes the protection of people who celebrate credit agreements by the Law 5/2019, of 15 March 2019, regulating real estate credit contracts, that transposes into our legal system the Directive 2014/17, EU of the European Parliament and of the of 4 February 2014, on credit agreements for consumers relating to residential immovable property. The exposition starts with the main aspects of european regulation and the jurisprudence of the Judgment of the Court regarding to the delimitation and scope of consumer protection in credit agreements, the subjective scope, from the active and passive point of view and doubtful cases not regulated. The same analysis is carried out in relation to the object of protection and its scope in Chapter II. The last Chapter ends with the problems motivated by contracts with a foreign element and by the concurrence of territorial provisions and temporal delimitation of the LCCI. Finally, some conclusions are presented as possible solutions to the problems generated by the new legal regime implemented by the LCCI.
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Nåvall-Palm, Angelique. "LCP som arbetsstöd vid vård i livets slutskede." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24351.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur undersköterskor i fyra olika verksamheter upplever att deras arbetssituation har förändrats sedan man införde LCP (Liverpool Care Pathway). Vidare belyses hur undersköterskorna menar att samarbete, kommunikation och relation har påverkats och på vilket sätt och i så fall hur. Uppsatsen är skriven utifrån samverkan och ett professionellt förhållningssätt i socialt arbete. Ett annat perspektiv som uppsatsen belyser är på vilket sätt metoden blev introducerad i organisationen, detta utifrån implementeringsprocesser och kommunikationsteorin. Resultatet visar att undersköterskorna upplever en större delaktighet och trygghet i deras arbete idag jämfört med tidigare. Vidare har samarbetet med andra samverkanspartners blivit mycket bättre sedan LCP- metoden infördes. Med hjälp av metoden känner undersköterskorna en ökad trygghet, delaktighet, klarhet, tydlighet och öppenhet. Detta genom de checklistor som LCP- metoden bygger på. Det framkom i uppsatsen att undersköterskorna känner att de kan prata mer öppet om döden och döendet med anhöriga efter införandet av LCP - metoden .Nyckelord: Kommunikation,The purpose of this essay is to explore how staff nurses in four different businesses feel that their work situation has changed since the introduction of LCP (Liverpool Care Pathway). Further highlights is how the nurse believes that cooperation, communication and relationships have been affected, in what way and if so how. The essay is written from collaboration and a professional approach in social work. Another perspective the essay illustrates is the way in which the method was introduced in the organization, this according to implementation processes and communication theory. The result shows that the staff nurses experience a greater involvement and confidence in their work than before. Furthermore has the cooperating with other collaboration partners turn out to be much better since the LCP-method was introduced. By using the method the staff nurses feel an increased security, participation, transparency, clarity and transparency. The LCP-method with its checklists contributes to these feelings. It appeared in the essay that the staff nurses feel they can talk more openly about death and dying with relatives after the introduction of the LCP-method.
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Fardet, Laurence. "La lipodystrophie cortico-induite : histoire naturelle, incidence, facteurs de risque, anomalies métabolique associées." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066140.
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Lönnroth, Karin, and Erica Kolm. "Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av användandet av Liverpool Care Pathway vid vård i livets slutskede. : -en litteraturstudie." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-36053.
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Introduktion: Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) är en vårdplan framtagen för palliativ vård vars syfte är att överföra det bästa av hospicevården till den övriga sjukvården. LCP ger vägledning för vårdpersonal i vården av patienter i livets slutskede för att säkerställa god vård för patient och närstående. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva hur sjuksköterskan upplever användandet av vårdplanen Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) i livet slutskede. Metod: Metoden som användes var litteraturstudie. Sökningar gjordes i CINAHL och PubMed där elva vetenskapliga artiklar, som svarade på studiens syfte, framkom och granskades i sin helhet. Resultat: Resultatet visade att LCP förbättrade kommunikationen, ökade kunskap och självförtroende, ökade delaktigheten för närstående i vården, förbättrade arbetsmiljön och ökade patientsäkerheten. Dock sågs en risk med att använda LCP som en standardiserad vårdplan vilket kunde medföra att patient och närstående kunde känna sig negligerade. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskans upplevelse av användandet av LCP har i litteraturstudien beskrivits positiv både för sjuksköterskan och annan vårdpersonal. Användandet av LCP har även resulterat i förbättrad vård för patient och närstående.
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Marescot, Laurent. "Modélisation directe et inverse en prospection électrique sur les structures 3D complexes par la méthode des éléments finis." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2087.
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Ce travail a pour objectif la mise au point d'un ensemble d'outils de modélisation directe et inverse en utilisant le code d'éléments finis CESAR-LCPC. Ces outils sont adaptés aux données électriques collectées sur des structures 3D à géométrie complexe. Pour le problème direct, un programme utilitaire servant d'interface avec le solveur CESAR a été créé afin de modéliser des séquences de mesures électriques (tomographies). Afin de pouvoir inverser un nombre important de données sur des modèles de grandes dimensions, une fonction objectif est minimisée en utilisant la technique de l'état adjoint. Cette approche est originale car elle vise le calcul direct de la variation à apporter aux paramètres du modèle, sans évaluation explicite de la matrice de sensibilité. Des données synthétiques ont été utilisées pour valider cet algorithme d'inversion. La fiabilité des modèles inversés est testée en utilisant un méthode de calcul de l'indice ROI (Region Of Investigation)This work presents the adaptation and the use of the CESAR-LCPC finite element code for the forward and inverse modelling of 3D resistivity data. A forward modelling tool was created to simulate tomographies with CESAR and an inversion code was also presented for the processing of resistivity tomographies on complex 3D structures using any electrode arrangement. This algorithm is well suited for the processing of large data sets with a lot of unknown model parameters. The inversion code uses an original strategy to avoid the explicit calculation of a sensitivity matrix. The adjoint-state of the potential field is used to minimize an objective function for the electrical inverse problem. Finally, a ROI (Region Of Investigation) index method is used to assess whether features in the model are caused by the data or are artefacts of the inversion process
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Gastinger, Kay. "Low coherence speckle interferometry (LCSI) for the characterisation of adhesive bonded joints." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=983586187.
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Salamanca, Seguí Sílvia. "Plegamiento y funcionalidad biológica del inhibidor de metalocarboxipeptidasas LCI." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/3501.
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En el primer trabajo de esta tesis se dilucida el camino de plegamiento oxidativo del LCI. El LCI reducido y desnaturalizado se repliega a través de un flujo secuencial y rápido de intermediarios de uno y dos puentes disulfuro, y llega a una etapa limitante en la cual la mezcla de tres especies mayoritarias que contienen 3 puentes disulfuro y una población heterogénea de isómeros de cuatro puentes disulfuro no nativos (scrambled) coexisten. Los intermediarios de tres puentes disulfuro se han identificado como trampas cinéticas que se hallan a lo largo del camino de plegamiento del LCI, y se han caracterizado sus estructuras: dos de ellos contienen sólo puentes disulfuro nativos. El camino de plegamiento del LCI comprende propiedades exhibidas tanto por el BPTI como por la hirudina, dos modelos divergentes con características de plegamiento opuestas. Los resultados obtenidos en el estudio de las vías de plegamiento del LCI confirman el enorme espectro de diversidad de los caminos de plegamiento de las proteínas.En el segundo trabajo de esta tesis se dilucidan las curvas de desplegamiento y desnaturalización del LCI. En presencia de un agente iniciador de la formación de tioles y un agente desnaturalizante se despliega el LCI nativo por el intercambio de sus puentes disulfuro, y la molécula se transforma en una mezcla de especies scrambled. Podemos distinguir claramente y aislar, entre los 104 posibles isómeros scrambled del LCI, a nueve de ellos que representan el 90% del total del LCI desplegado. La concentración de tiocianato de guanidinio e hidrocloruro de guanidinio requeridas para alcanzar el 50% de la desnaturalización son de 2,4 y 3,6 M, respectivamente. El LCI nativo es resistente a la desnaturalización por urea, incluso a concentraciones elevadas (8M). El camino de desplegamiento del LCI se ha podido definir en base a la evolución de la concentración relativa de los isómeros scrambled de la molécula a lo largo de su desnaturalización.
Existen dos poblaciones de especies scrambled que sufren variaciones a lo largo del camino de desplegamiento. Una población se acumula como intermediarios bajo condiciones desnaturalizantes fuertes (incluye al isómero denominado beads-form). La otra población muestra una correlación inversa entre su abundancia relativa y las condiciones desnaturalizantes y debería poseer otro tipo de estructuras no nativas. Los resultados que se presentan en el segundo trabajo muestran que el LCI, una molécula con potenciales aplicaciones biotecnológicas, tiene cinéticas bajas de desplegamiento y es altamente estable.
En el tercer trabajo de esta tesis se estudia el efecto del LCI en la fibrinólisis in vitro. Se ha descrito, tanto por estudios in vitro como in vivo, que el PCI (potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor) incrementa la tasa de lisis de los coágulos de fibrina. Con este mismo propósito, hemos evaluado y comparado la capacidad profibrinolítica del LCI con la del PCI. Todos los resultados han sido obtenidos en ensayos con plasma humano, en un sistema in vitro.
Hemos demostrado que ambos inhibidores, el LCI y el PCI, aceleran de forma substancial la lisis de los coágulos tratados con t-PA, esta aceleración es dependiente de la concentración de inhibidor. El LCI se ha mostrado unas 10 veces más potente que el PCI como acelerador de la fibrinólisis, y también muestra una mayor capacidad inhibidora de TAFI al realizar ensayos de actividad enzimática en plasma.
Se ha estudiado el posible efecto de estos dos inhibidores sobre la estructura del coágulo de fibrina mediante microscopía electrónica de transmisión y de barrido. Se ha observado un incremento significativo en el grosor de las fibras y una disminución simultánea en la densidad de su entrecruzamiento: el LCI puede tener una aplicación en las terapias trombolíticas basadas en t-PA.
The pathway of oxidative folding of LCI has been elucidated in the present work, using structural and kinetic analysis of the folding intermediates trapped by acid quenching. Reduced and denatured LCI refolds through a rapid, sequential flow of 1- and 2-disulfide intermediates and reaches a rate limiting step in which a mixture of three major 3-disulfide species and a heterogeneous population of non-native 4-disulfide (scrambled) isomers co-exist. The three 3-disulfide intermediates have been identified as major kinetic traps along the folding pathway of LCI, and their disulfide structures have been elucidated in this work. Two of them contain only native disulfide pairings, and one contains one native and two non-native disulfide bonds. The folding pathway of LCI features properties exhibited by both bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor and hirudin, two diverse models with extreme folding characteristics. The results further demonstrate the large diversity of disulfide folding pathways.
The unfolding and denaturation curves of leech carboxypeptidase inhibitor (LCI) were elucidated using the technique of disulfide scrambling. In the presence of thiol initiator and denaturant, the native LCI denatures by shuffling its native disulfide bonds and transforms into a mixture of scrambled species. Nine out of 104 possible scrambled isomers of LCI, amounting to 90% of total denatured LCI, can be distinguished. The denaturation curve, shows that the concentration of guanidine thiocyanate and guanidine hydrochloride required to reach 50% of denaturation is 2.4M and 3.6M, respectively. Native LCI is resistant to urea denaturation, even at high concentration (8M). The LCI unfolding pathway was defined based on the evolution of the relative concentration of scrambled isoforms of LCI upon denaturation. Two populations of scrambled species suffer variations along the unfolding pathway. One accumulates as intermediates under strong denaturating conditions, and corresponds to open or relaxed structures, one of which turned out to be the bead-form isomer. The other population shows an inverse correlation between their relative abundances and the denaturing conditions, and should have another kind of non-native structure, more compact than the unfolded state. The rate constants of unfolding of LCI are low when compared to other disulfide containing proteins. The results presented in this study show unequivocally the high stability and low kinetics of unfolding of the LCI fold, that guarantee the appropriate industrial and therapeutical handling of the molecule.
The potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (PCI) has recently been reported to enhance the rate of fibrin clot lysis induced by tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA). Here, we have studied the fibrinolytic activity of LCI (leech carboxypeptidase inhibitor), and compared its effectiveness with that of PCI in vitro. Both LCI and PCI markedly accelerate the t-PA-induced lysis of human plasma clots in a concentration-dependent manner. Besides being approximately 10-fold more potent in accelerating fibrinolysis, LCI also showed a greater TAFIa inhibitory activity than PCI in enzymatic assays. The effects of both TAFIa inhibitors on the fibrin clot structure were compared by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. A significant increase in fiber thickness and a simultaneous decrease in the density of fiber entanglement were observed when clotting of human plasma was induced in the presence of either LCI or PCI. These alterations of clot structure correlated with the increased lysis rate determined in turbidimetric assays. In inhibitor-treated samples, formation of large pores within the fibrin gel occurs earlier than in controls, supporting the role of LCI as enhancer of clot lysis. These results suggest that LCI may be useful to improve the t-PA based therapy of thrombosis.
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Oguagha, Udechukwu Offordile. "A critical evaluation of the effectiveness of local content policy (LCP) and transparency practices in LCP implementation in the Nigerian oil and gas industry." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10059/2742.
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One of the aims of the Local Content Policy (LCP) is the economic development of Nigeria through the utilisation of local personnel and resources in the activities of the Nigerian oil and gas industry. Many studies have investigated the LCP, but limited work has been undertaken in investigating the transparency practices involved in the implementation of the LCP in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. The study critically evaluates the effectiveness of the LCP and the transparency practices associated with its implementation. A conceptual framework based on accountability was developed and employed in designing the research instrument. This framework was underpinned by the institutional theory, which links accountability discourse to regulatory institutions where organisations within a particular field are subject to pressures to exhibit legitimacy through socially and culturally authorised administrative routines that are intended to render accountability. The study employed a qualitative methodology and the data was collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with respondents from twenty-three indigenous oil and gas companies, regulatory bodies, international oil and gas companies and non-governmental organizations. The research findings demonstrate that the various LCP stakeholders’ views on the definition and purpose of the LCP differ significantly. These diverse opinions affect the way in which the LCP is perceived and implemented in the oil and gas industry. The study has been instrumental in revealing a number of positive effects the LCP has generated since its implementation in the Nigerian oil and gas industry. For example, the LCP compelled IOCs to utilise local resources in their operations, resulting in the domestication of oil and gas activities. However, the findings also reveal that the LCP has been enforced despite the lack of local capacity and capability for its implementation. The findings, therefore, highlight a number of challenges associated with LCP implementation including: the lack of infrastructure; insufficient capital and manpower; absence of trust; and the lack of coordination between the regulatory agencies in the industry. The research findings also reveal that there are different levels of transparency in the implementation of LCP. Determination of the level of transparency in LCP implementation and compliance monitoring is at the discretion of the NCDMB and the oil and gas companies, which unfortunately facilitates corrupt practices. Therefore, this study argues that significant improvements are required in transparency practices in LCP implementation by strengthening the LCP’s monitoring and enforcement process. Further, enforcement should strictly be the responsibility of the NCDMB, with no interference from the Nigerian government. Some further recommendations arising from this research include the need for investment in infrastructure that will facilitate indigenous companies’ participation in the industry. Also, efforts should be made to promote partnership and collaboration between indigenous companies and IOCs, encouraging investment in world-class infrastructure that can compete with international standards. To foster this partnership, the government and IOCs must invest in educational institutions which could boost the knowledge and capacity of Nigerians. The research concludes with the development of two new models: (1) The LCP stakeholder perception model; and, (2) The LCP implementation model. These models, which are the main contributions of knowledge arising from this thesis, will potentially aid the effective implementation of the recommendations arising from this study.
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Arbault, Damien. "Globalized impacts International trade accounting in a hybrid LCI method." Thesis, KTH, Urban and Regional Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-24863.
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Mohr, Beate. "Ergebnisse der Behandlung distaler Radiusfrakturen mit winkelstabiler, 3,5mm-T-LCP." [S.l. : s.n.], 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:25-opus-40034.
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Jiang, Xin. "Diode laser processing of PMMA and LCP materials for microsystem packaging." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/3008.
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The thesis describes the development of laser-assisted bonding methods for assembly of microfluidic devices and MEMS packaging. A laser microwelding technique for assembly of transparent polymer substrates for fabrication of microfluidic devices was studied. The transparent PMMA substrates were bonded together using a high power diode laser system with a broad top-hat beam profile and an intermediate titanium thin film consisting of 0.7 mm diameter spots. A tensile strength of 6 MPa was achieved for this novel method which is comparable to that of the previous work in laser welding of polymers. It has been demonstrated that the method is capable of leak free encapsulation of a microfluidic channel. Furthermore, a novel laser-based method using an LCP film for packaging of MEMS, sensors and other microelectronic devices has been investigated. The results show that it is possible to use a laser based method with an LCP polymer for high quality substrate bonding applications. Glass-glass based cavities allow optical transmission and have potential applications for optical sensors and other photonic devices. For glass-glass bonding, it was shown that thin film titanium material can be used as an effective optical absorber in the laser based LCP bonding technique. Laser bonding of glass and silicon using an LCP film has also been achieved but in this case the silicon substrate acted as the absorber to capture the laser power. Laser bonding of a silicon cap to a molded LCP package has also been demonstrated successfully. The results of temperature monitoring using embedded sensors show that the temperature at the base of the LCP package (~130C) is substantially lower than the bonding temperature (> 280C). The results of shear and leak test show good reliability and hermeticity of the laser bonded microcavities. Both two-dimensional and three-dimensional models of heat transfer are developed and studied using the COMSOL Multiphysics software tool to understand the localised laser heating effects. The results are in good agreement with those of the practical work.
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Botström, Julia. "Biodieseltillverkning av lignin från pappers- och massaindustrin : Framställning, LCI och kostnadsanalys." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-38093.
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Att minska användningen av petroleumbaserade bränslen och hitta förnybara alternativ till drivmedel rankas som en av de största utmaningar människan står inför. Tidigare försök har gjorts av Sun et al. (2014) i Kina där de framgångsfullt blandat lignin i diesel för att skapa en ny sort av biodiesel. Försöken har återskapats för att framställa biodiesel på lignin från Sverige.För att få lignin att blanda sig med diesel behöver det först lösa sig i vatten och detta görs genom att används en process som kallas oxidativ ammonolys. Under denna process har parametrar som pH-värdet på blandningen, reaktionstiden under omrörning samt vattenhalten i det slutliga provet varierats. För att se hur mycket som löst sig filtrerades proverna. Nästa steg i processen är att få lignin-vattenblandningen och diesel att blanda sig och skapa en mikroemulsion. Detta görs genom kraftig omrörning samt med hjälp av sonikering. Stabiliteten på dessa prov utvärderades.Genom att göra en livscykelinventering och jämföra lignindiesel med petroleumbaserat diesel om lignindieselframställningen har en mindre miljöpåverkan. En kostnadskalkyl som jämför dessa två visar hur stor skillnaden i priset blir.Resultatet visar att det är möjligt att lösa lignin i diesel till nästan 100 % vid hög vattenhalt samt högt pH. I tillägg till detta har lignindiesel 13,5% mindre utsläpp av CO₂ ekvivalenter under framställning jämfört med den som sker under framställningen av petroleumbaserat diesel. I dagsläget är det ett dyrt drivmedel och subventionering behövs för att det ska kunna konkurrera på den svenska marknaden.
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Riddargård, Katarina, and Karin Porath. "Sjuksköterskans erfarenheter av att i palliativ vård arbeta enligt standardvårdplanen LCP." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-26259.
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Mazel, Brian. "Identifying a Ketoketene Intermediate in LCP Synthesis Using Ortho-substituted Dimer." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/297697.
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This research is a follow-up on the publication "Model Experiments Implicate a Ketoketene Intermediate in LCP Synthesis" by Jeffrey M. Robertson, et al. Instead of using the para-substituted monomers, we proposed the same mechanism should hold true for ortho-substituted monomers. Creating the ortho/ortho dimer proved to be much more difficult than expected, but after some failed trials we found that a procedure published by James Brewster is a simple, effective way to create this dimer. Further research is necessary to "trap" the intended intermediate.
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Dumitrescu, Vlad Andrei. "Comparative analysis of biogas slurry and urine as sustainable nutrient sources for hydroponic vertical farming." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-96368.
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Sustainable alternatives to using mined nutrients in agriculture must be found in order to limit environmental impacts such as eutrophication, habitat destruction and greenhouse gas emis-sions. Biogas slurry and urine recycled to hydroponic food production (a type of soilless agri-culture) have the potential of providing inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, the main essential nutrients required for plant growth. A Life Cycle Inventory Assessment (LCI) methodology has been used to compare the systems of producing artificial fertilizer, biogas slurry and urine based nutrient solutions for the growth of Brassica rapa L. (Chinese cabbage) in the context of a large scale hydroponic vertical farm. Costs and energy requirements have been the basis of the comparison and results show that both biogas slurry and urine are considerably cheaper than the commercial alternative and based on the nutrient content they have the potential of being successful nutrient solutions after dilution and nutrient supplementation. Filtration might also be required in order to remove suspended particles and pathogens.
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Karlsson, Oskar, and Robin Seyfi. "Fördelar och Nackdelar med Liverpool Care Pathway : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för folkhälso- och vårdvetenskap, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-311750.
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Abstract Background: There is a need of good palliative care of the growing elderly population. Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) is a care program that was developed for palliative care in other facilities than hospice departments. There is lack of evidence on the effect of the LCP, therefore it has been phased out in many countries. Objective: To investigate the advantages and disadvantages of Liverpool Care Pathway, factors affecting the implementation and if the LCP can be used in the care of dying elderly non-cancer patients. Methods: A literature review containing 15 scientific original articles. Articles were searched in PubMed. All of the articles were of high or medium quality. Results: Several studies showed that communication improved. Treatment of symptoms and pain increased in frequency. Examinations and blood sampling decreased. Psychosocial support for patient and family improved. Management of medication was safer with the LCP. Shortcomings regarding documentation were discussed. The quality of implementation had influence on how the LCP would be carried out. Factors affecting implementation was time, money, personal views, leadership and support. Conclusion: The results of the literature review shows improvements on the communication, medication management, symptom management and psychosocial support to patients and families. The documentation process requires further improvement. For LCP to work optimally implementation it requires careful implementation with clear leadership and proper training. There are parts of the LCP that could be used in the care of dying elderly non-cancer patients, but more research is needed in this area. Keywords: LCP, Palliative Care, Elderly Care, Implementation,Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Det finns ett behov av god palliativ vård hos den växande äldre befolkningen. Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) är ett vårdprogram som togs fram för palliativ vård även utanför hospiceavdelningar. Evidens saknades för effekten av LCP, därför har den fasats ut i många länder. Syfte: Att undersöka fördelar och nackdelar med Liverpool Care Pathway, faktorer som påverkar implementeringen och om LCP kan användas vid vården av döende äldre utan cancerdiagnos. Metod: En litteraturöversikt innehållande 15 vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Artiklarna söktes i databasen PubMed. Samtliga artiklar bedömdes vara av medel eller hög kvalitet. Resultat: Flera studier påvisade att kommunikationen förbättrades. Symtom och smärtbehandling ökade i frekvens. Undersökningar och provtagningar minskade. Psykosocialt stöd till patienten och anhöriga förbättrades. Läkemedelshanteringen blev säkrare med LCP. Brister gällande dokumentation diskuterades. Kvaliteten på implementeringen hade stor inflytande på hur LCP skulle komma att utföras. Faktorer som påverkade implementeringen var tid, pengar, personliga åsikter, ledarskap och stöd. Slustats: Resultatet från litteraturöversikten visar att det finns fördelar för kommunikationen, läkemedelshanteringen, symtomhanteringen och psykosocialt stöd till patienter och anhöriga. Dokumentationen behöver förbättras. För att LCP ska fungera optimalt krävs en noggrann implementering med tydligt ledarskap och ordentlig utbildning. Det finns delar i LCP som skulle kunna användas i vården av döende äldre utan cancerdiagnos men mer forskning krävs inom området. Nyckelord: LCP, Palliativ vård, Äldreomsorg, Implementering
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Dill, Benjamin M. "Numerical simulation of the impact of a steel ball with a rigid foundation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2204.
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We simulate the behavior of a steel ball bearing as it impacts a rigid foundation by solving a discretized version of the dynamic equations of linearized elasticity for a homogeneous, isotropic material. Space is discretized using the finite element method and time is discretized using the implicit trapezoidal method. Impact with a fixed foundation is incorporated into the model using a complementarity condition. This ensures that we have normal forces acting on the bearing only when and where the bearing is in contact with the foundation. After discretization in space, this condition becomes a linear complementarity problem which is solved using an iterative method for solving LCPs that is similar to the Gauss-Seidel method for solving linear systems. The LCP is solved at each time step to determine the normal forces due to contact. By assuming cylindrical symmetry, we are able to simulate the impact of a three-dimensional ball using only two spatial coordinates and two-dimensional finite elements. This decreases the computational cost of a highly refined three-dimensional simulation dramatically. Using this model, we investigate the deformations that occur during and after contact. We hypothesized that dropping a steel ball from even a small height causes plastic deformation. We tested this hypothesis using our model by computing the state of stress inside the ball at various times during the simulation. By comparing the computed maximum shear stress to the yield strength of the material, we can determine if the threshold for plastic deformation is reached. We found that with an impact speed of 2 m/s the stresses induced in the ball are large enough to cause plastic deformation. Because plastic deformation requires energy and is irreversible, it is an important consideration when investigating how high the ball will bounce after contact. To quantify the energy loss due to plastic deformation, we propose a theoretical model capable of describing plastic deformation.
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Römhild, Stefanie. "Transport Properties and Durability of LCP and FRP materials for process equipment." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Polymera material, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-13221.
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This thesis focuses on transport properties and durability of liquid crystalline polymers (LCP)and fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) with regard to application in industrial process equipment.In the first part of the study the possibility of using a thermotropic LCP of type Vectra A950as lining material for FRP process equipment was investigated. Its performance wascompared to that of a fluorinated ethylene propylene copolymer (FEP) with respect tochemical and permeation resistance. Transport property and chemical resistance data wereestablished for different types of LCP film (compression molded, uniaxially and biaxiallyoriented film) exposed to selected chemicals chosen to represent typical industrial processenvironments. Annealing of the LCP, which may reduce the disclination density and henceimprove the barrier properties, induced a crystallinity increase, but did not significantlyimprove the barrier and chemical resistance properties. Different surface treatments toincrease the bonding between the LCP and FRP were explored. The conclusion was that LCPhas potential to serve as lining material for FRP in contact with water, organic solvents andnon-oxidizing acid environments, although certain issues, such as jointing techniques, stillhave to be evaluated. The second part of the study focused on transport and long-termproperties of commercial thermoset and FRP materials for industrial process equipment inaqueous environments (50 – 95 °C, water activity 0.78 – 1, exposure time ≤ 1000 days). Thewater transport properties in different thermosets were related to their chemical structureusing the solubility parameter concept. The transport of water in the thermosets with differentchemical structures could be predicted from the water activity, regardless of the actual type ofionic or non-ionic solute in the solution. An empirical relationship, independent of boththermoset chemistry and temperature, was established to describe the water concentration inthe thermoset as a function of water activity and the water concentration in pure water. Inlong-term, the water concentration in the thermosets increased with exposure time. Thisseemed to be primarily related to stress relaxation processes induced by water absorption andcertain leaching effects. The effects of hydrolysis seemed to be small. The glass fibrereinforcement may to various extents affect the water transport properties by capillarydiffusion and additional absorption around fibre bundles. The extent of such processesseemed to depend on temperature, water activity and the type of thermoset and reinforcement.The present work may be a useful contribution to an increased understanding of water effectsand durability of FRP process equipment. However, open questions still remain for a morecomprehensive durability analysis.QC20100629
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Siqueira, Patricia Mára de. "Implantação do novo protocolo de dosimetria da AIEA no LCI/IPEN/CNEN." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85131/tde-27032012-084827/.
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A fim de implementar o novo código de prática da Agência Internacional de Energia Atômica (AIEA) no Brasil, o Laboratório de Calibração de Instrumentos (LCI/IPEN) está realizando calibrações em termos de kerma no ar e em termos de dose absorvida na água, em feixes de 60Co. As razões ND,w/NK obtidas são comparadas com valores da literatura, obtendo-se concordância satisfatória. As diferenças entre os valores das razões CK (ND,w/NK) obtidas no presente trabalho e os valores da literatura são devidas a vários fatores. Estes fatores podem ser as variações entre as câmaras, que devem ser objeto de diferenças nas incertezas estimadas pelos PSDLs, e as diferenças nos padrões utilizados por cada Instituto de Metrologia Nacional (NMI) ou Laboratório de Dosimetria. No entanto, se forem conhecidas as razões entre cada NMI e o BIPM, para os padrões de kerma no ar e de dose absorvida na água, é possível a normalização das razões CK medidas para as razões equivalentes ao BIPM. Todos os resultados de razões CK obtidos foram convertidos para as razões equivalentes ao BIPM para facilitar a comparação. Neste trabalho é discutida a utilização da razão CK como parâmetro de controle de qualidade na verificação de resultados das calibrações rotineiras. Para avaliação dos procedimentos de calibração adotados no LCI, foram realizados testes de estabilidade a longo prazo com as câmaras de ionização padrões. Além disso, foi criado um banco de dados para armazenamento dos dados de calibração, com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade do procedimento de calibração.In order to implement the new IAEA code of practice in Brazil the national calibration laboratories, the Laboratory of Instrument Calibration (LCI/IPEN) is calibrating clinical dosimeters in terms of both air kerma and absorbed dose to water in a 60Co gamma ray beam. The ND,w/NK ratios thus obtained are then compared with the literature values; a satisfactory agreement has been found. The differences between the CK values obtained in the present work and the literature values may be due to several components. These could be the chamber-to-chamber variations which may be subject to different estimated uncertainties by PSDLs, and the variations in the standards used by each National Metrology Institute (NMI) or Dosimetry Laboratory. However, since the ratio of both air kerma and absorbed dose to water standards for each NMI to those of the BIPM are known, it is possible to reduce the measured ratios to the expected BIPM equivalent ratios. All these CK results have been converted to the BIPM equivalent values to facilitate comparison. The use of the CK value as a and quality control parameter to verify the results of the routine calibrations is discussed in this work. The long term stability of wich standard ionization chamber was checked in order to evaluate the calibration procedures followed at LCI. Moreover, a database was created to store the calibration data aiming the quality improvement of the calibration procedure.
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SIQUEIRA, PATRICIA M. de. "Implantação do novo protocolo de dosimetria da AIEA no LCI/IPEN/CNEN." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 2006. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/11454.
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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:52:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T13:57:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0
Dissertação (Mestrado)
IPEN/D
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Nikolakopoulou, Irene. "Storage, storage facilities and island economy : the evidence from LCI Akrotiri, Thera." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/13e8726c-adf7-4e7d-b176-7e109723c0fa.
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Nohra, Hannan. "Miljöbedömning för framställning av en modul : - med LCA metodik och generiska LCI data." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-75426.
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Scribben, Eric Christopher. "Selection of Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymers for Rotational Molding." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11251.
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Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers (TLCPs) possess a number of physical and mechanical properties such as: excellent chemical resistance, low permeability, low coefficient of thermal expansion, high tensile strength and modulus, and good impact resistance, which make them desirable for use in the storage of cryogenic fluids. Rotational molding was selected as the processing method for these containers because it is convenient for manufacturing large storage vessels from thermoplastics. Unfortunately, there are no reports of successful TLCP rotational molding in the technical literature. The only related work reported involved the static coalescence of two TLCP powders, where three key results were reported that were expected to present problems that preclude the rotational molding process. The first result was that conventional grinding methods produced powders that were composed of high aspect ratio particles. Secondly, coalescence was observed to be either slow or incomplete and speculated that the observed difficulties with coalescence may be due to large values of the shear viscosity at low deformation rates. Finally, complete densification was not observed for the high aspect ratio particles. However, the nature of these problems were not evaluated to determine if they did, in fact, create processing difficulties for rotational molding or if it was possible to develop solutions to the problems to achieve successful rotational molding.
This work is concerned with developing a resin selection method to identify viable TLCP candidates and establish processing conditions for successful rotational molding. This was accomplished by individually investigating each of the phenomenological steps of rotational molding to determine the requirements for acceptable performance in, or successful completion of, each step. The fundamental steps were: the characteristics and behavior of the powder in solids flow, the coalescence behavior of isolated particles, and the coalescence behavior of the bulk powder. The conditions identified in each step were then evaluated in a single-axis, laboratory scale, rotational molding unit. Finally, the rotationally molded product was evaluated by measuring several physical and mechanical properties to establish the effectiveness of the selection method.
In addition to the development and verification of the proposed TLCP selection method, several significant results that pertain to the storage of cryogenic fluids were identified as the result of this work. The first, and argueably the most significant, was that the selection method led to the successful extension of the rotational molding process to include TLCPs. Also, the established mechanical properties were found to be similar to rotationally molded flexible chain polymers. The biaxial rotationally molded container was capable of performing to the specified requirements for cryogenic storage: withstand pressures up to 34 psi at both cryogenic and room temperatures, retain nitrogen as a gas and as a cryogenic liquid, the mechanical preform retaining nitrogen, as both a gas and as a cryogenic liquid, and resist the development of micro-cracks during thermal cycling to cryogenic conditions.Ph. D.
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Stewart, Courtney D. "A multidimensional measure of professional learning communities : the development and validation of the Learning Community Culture Indicator (LCCI) /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2010. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd3318.pdf.
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Stewart, Courtney D. "A Multidimensional Measure of Professional Learning Communities: The Development and Validation of the Learning Community Culture Indicator (LCCI)." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2009. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1981.
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Because of disunity among prominent professional learning community (PLC) authors, experts, and researchers, the literature was studied to develop a ten-element model that represents a unified and reconceptualized list of characteristics of a PLC. From this model, the Learning Community Culture Indicator (LCCI) was developed to measure professional learning community (PLC) implementation levels based on the ten-element model. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to determine the structural validity of the LCCI. Factor analyses provided successful levels of fit for the models tested in representing the constructs of the LCCI. Reliability measures also indicated high levels of internal consistency among the responses to the survey items. Although some items and elements had moderate levels of fit and need additional revisions and validity testing, the LCCI produced substantial evidence that this survey was a valid and reliable instrument in measuring levels of PLC implementation across the ten elements. Because this research validated the LCCI, school leaders can implement, monitor, and diagnose elements of PLCs in their schools. The LCCI also provides a method in which future research can be conducted to empirically support the influence of PLCs and student achievement. Potential uses and recommendations for further research and consideration are presented. A call for more empirical research is made in connecting the PLC reform model to improved student learning. The theory of PLC is at a point of substantiation and growth. The LCCI is recommended as potential tool for studying and facilitating the implementation of PLCs in schools.
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Khan, Jahanzeb. "Design of Microstrip Patch Antenna on Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) for Applications at 70GHz." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Technology and Built Environment, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-807.
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The demand of small size electronic systems has been increasing for several decades. The physical size of systems is reduced due to advancements in integrated circuits. With reduction in size of electronic systems, there is also an increasing demand of small and low cost antennas. Patch antennas are one of the most attractive antennas for integrated RF front end systems due to their compatibility with microwave integrated circuits. To fulfil the demand of integrated RF front end systems, a design of microstrip patch antenna with optimum performance at 70GHz is investigated. The procedure could be extended to design other planar antennas that act in a similar way.
In this work, three different design methods to design patch antennas for applications at 70GHz are investigated that include use of analytical models, numerical optimization, and numerical variation of dimensions. Analytical models provide a basic understanding of the operation of a patch antenna and they also provide approximate dimensions of a patch antenna for a targeted frequency without using numerical simulations. However, as the operating frequencies of RF systems reach mm-wave frequencies, we expect that the accuracy of analytical models become less accurate. For example, the excitation of substrate modes and effect of ground size are not predicted in simple analytical models.
Due to these expected limitations of the analytical design methods, the accuracy of these models is investigated by numerical electromagnetic field simulations. In this work, CST Microwave Studio Transient Solver is used for that purpose. In order to make sure that the appropriate settings of the solver are applied, the simulation settings such as mesh density, boundary conditions and the port dimensions are investigated. The simulation settings may affect computation time and convergence of the results. Here, in this work, the accuracy of the simulator for a specific design of inset feed rectangular patch antenna is verified. The patch dimensions obtained from analytical calculations are optimized at 70GHz by using the optimizer of the transient solver. The patch dimensions obtained from optimizer are verified by varying the patch dimensions in equidistant steps around the found result of the optimizer.
In a rectangular microstrip patch antenna design, the use of a width of 1.5 times the length is an approximate rule of thumb [1] for low dielectric constant substrates. It is also investigated how the performance properties of a microstrip patch antenna are affected by varying the width to length ratio of the patch. There are occasions where a different ratio is required because of space limitations, or to change the input impedance. The patch designs having various width to length ratios were optimized with the feed location.
The analytically calculated dimensions provided good initial values of the rectangular patch antenna for further optimization using more accurate techniques. The design have been optimized at 70GHz for the investigated mesh density, boundary conditions and the port dimensions. The numerical variation of dimensions is found to be most reliable among the investigated design methods but it is more complicated with many parameters.
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Thompson, Dane C. "Characterization and Design of Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) Based Multilayer RF Components and Packages." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/10498.
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This thesis discusses the investigation and utilization of a new promising thin-film material, liquid crystal polymer (LCP), for microwave and millimeter-wave (mm-wave [>30 GHz]) components and packages. The contribution of this research is in the determination of LCP's electrical and mechanical properties as they pertain to use in radio frequency (RF) systems up to mm-wave frequencies, and in evaluating LCP as a low-cost substrate and packaging material alternative to the hermetic materials traditionally desired for microwave circuits at frequencies above a few gigahertz (GHz).
A study of LCP's mm-wave material properties was performed. Resonant circuit structures were designed to find the dielectric constant and loss tangent from 2-110 GHz under both ambient and elevated temperature conditions. Several unique processes were developed for the realization of novel multilayer LCP-based RF circuits. These processes include thermocompression bonding with tight temperature control (within a few degrees Celsius), precise multilayer alignment and patterning, and LCP laser processing with three different types of lasers. A proof-of-concept design that resulted from this research was a dual-frequency dual-polarization antenna array operating at 14 and 35 GHz.
Device characterization such as mechanical flexibility testing of antennas and seal testing of packages were also performed. A low-loss interconnect was developed for laser-machined system-level thin-film LCP packages. These packages were designed for and measured with both RF micro-electromechanical (MEM) switches and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMICs). These research findings have shown LCP to
be a material with uniquely attractive properties/capabilities for vertically integrated, compact multilayer LCP circuits and modules.
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Roth, Erik, and Johanna Holmbom. "Sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede enligt Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP)." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-12576.
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Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede enligt en vårdplan utformad som en journal med riktlinjer för vård i livets slutskede, den så kallade Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP). Metod: Studien är utförd som en litteraturöversikt. Artiklarna söktes via databaserna CINAHL, PubMed, MedLine, SAGE Journals och Scopus. Tolv artiklar valdes ut för kvalitétsgranskning enligt en förutbestämd granskningsmall. Elva artiklar godkändes och utgjorde grunden för resultatet. Resultat: En tydlig effekt av införandet av LCP var att sjuksköterskorna upplevde ett ökat självförtroende och en ökad kunskap i vårdandet. Detta bidrog till förbättringar gällande symtomkontroll samt ifrågasättande av fortsatt rutinmässig behandling. LCP anågs vara en bra utgångspunkt för samtal och undervisning i möten med patienter och anhöriga. LCP upplevdes ge ramar och gemensamma utgångspunkter i teamarbetet runt patienten vilket bidrog till en bättre planering och tydligare mål i vårdandet. Trots alla positiva upplevelser kände en del sjuksköterskor att de kunde uppstå svårigheter i vårdandet enligt LCP. Brister i vårdmiljön ansågs av sjuksköterskorna göra att målen med vården inte kunde tillgodoses. Tidsbrist och underbemanning ledde ofta till att patienter i livets slutskede fick en lägre prioritet. Vidare ansågs kriterierna vara för hårda enligt vissa sjuksköterskor gällande införande av LCP.
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Lembcke, Antje. "Optimized market introduction of large capital products (LCP) with long development and learning cycles." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4624.
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Any product sold is expected to be reliable and available when the customer wants to operate it. Companies that produce large capital products (LCP), such as rockets, satellites, or large gas turbines to generate electrical energy, tend to shy away from extending their testing and validation method above the requirements by law, mainly due to the very high costs of each additional test and the uncertain return on investment. This research shows that today's state of the art validation methods for LCP, required by law, or suggested in literature, and adapted by these industries, are not capable of capturing all significant failure modes (or even enough failure modes), with the consequence that the subsequently sold commercial products will still experience failures with significant effects on product reliability, and subsequently on the companies' bottom line earnings projections. The research determines the type of data (significant variables) necessary to correlate a company's validation policy to product failures after commercialization, and predicts the financial impact of the current validation policy on the company's profitability. An optimized validation plan and testing policy is suggested, and its impact on a company's profitability is demonstrated through simulation. A generic methodology is derived and its viability is illustrated using a specific product and a dynamic model developed with data available to the researcher. The generic method can be applied by any company to develop its own model for optimizing product reliability prior to market introduction.ID: 029049914; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Central Florida, 2010.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-145).
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
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Bolondi, Elisa. "Analisi delle caratteristiche acustiche ed ambientali di pavimentazioni contenenti polverino di gomma da PFU." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016.
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I campi di impiego della gomma da pneumatici fuori uso (PFU) nel settore stradale sono vari ed il numero di studi che comprovano l'utilizzo di questo materiale di riciclo è crescente. Il prodotto esaminato nella seguente ricerca è un legante bituminoso modificato (PmB tradizionale), al quale il poverino di gomma da PFU è aggiunto manualmente (meccanicamente) al miscelatore. La tecnologia è di tipo Dry, nella quale la frazione di gomma è impiegata in sostituzione a una porzione di inerti fini, direttamente nel conglomerato.
Ai fini di tale studio sono stati stesi 300 metri di SMA (Splitt Mastix Asphalt) lungo la S.P. 569 nel centro abitato di Zola Predosa (BO). Di questi una parte è costituita da SMA tradizionale, mentre la parte restante è divisa tra SMA contenente 1,20% in peso di PFU e SMA contenente 0,75% in peso di PFU.
Durante la stesa sono effettuate delle prove sull'esposizione dei lavoratori a inquinanti presenti in miscele bituminose con addizione di poverino da PFU e prove di esposizione ambientale.
Sono state successivamente predisposte 3 diverse indagini sperimentali: la prima nell'arco di due giorni (02-03 Ottobre 2014) a due mesi dalla stesa del materiale (31 Luglio 2014), la seconda oltre sei mesi dalla stesa (14-15 Aprile 2015) e la terza ad 1 anno dalla prima sessione di controllo (Ottobre 2015).
Nella prima campagna di indagine è stato eseguito il prelievo di campioni carotati per la verifica fisico-meccanica delle miscele posate e degli spessori.
In tutte e tre le campagne di indagine sono state effettuate prove per la valutazione dell'emissione e dell'assorbimento acustico della pavimentazione tramite tecnologia Close Proximity Index (CPX).
I dati raccolti riguardati le emissioni ambientali e l'inquinamento acustico sono stati poi analizzati al in di determinare il grado di deterioramento delle caratteristiche superficiali e di confrontare il comportamento dei diversi materiali all'usura.
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Chung, David. "Development of system level integration of compact RF components on multilayer liquid crystal polymer (LCP)." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/42763.
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A system packaging level approach on liquid crystal polymer (LCP) was proposed for low cost, lightweight, and compact wireless communication systems. Via technology was explored for V-band W-band transitions and an active cooling system that are essential for compact multilayer integration. RF MEMS switches were fabricated and integrated at the component level to enable multi-functional devices with optimal performance. A pattern reconfigurable antenna for MIMO applications and 3D phase shifters for phased array antennas that use RF MEMS switches were presented. In addition, a lightweight expandable array was designed and measured with up to 256 elements on multilayer LCP integrated at the system level. Furthermore, a 60 GHz multilayer transceiver front end device with simultaneous transmit and receive was designed and measured for low cost 60 GHz applications. The wide variety of multilayer LCP applications integrated at the system level shows a promising future for the next generation low cost lightweight wireless communication systems.
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Hördemann, Mona. "Biomechanischer In-vitro-Vergleich der LC-DCP- und LCP-Osteosynthese am Os femoris neugeborener Kälber." Diss., lmu, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-111715.
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Guidoni, Luca. "Design and testing of an orthogonal LCP interconnect for RF applications in high vibration environments." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/54950.
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A new design is presented for a wideband orthogonal interconnect between two perpendicular printed wiring boards, employing novel geometries and materials to minimize stress under cyclic loading. This will ensure fatigue survivability in high vibration environments, opening the door to vertical interconnection in RF circuit design. This is, to the best of knowledge, the first complete design and prototype for an orthogonal interconnect at the board level for broadband RF circuits. An analytical approach is used to define the driving parameters in the stress distribution within a smooth curve joining two perpendicular surfaces using analytical geometries, and Finite Element Analysis is used to finalize the design and ensure all constituent materials in the interconnect are subjected to stresses below their fatigue strength at 10 million cycles at full deflection. A manufacturing process is then proposed using thermoforming to shape the Liquid Crystal Polymer base material into the desired geometry, as well as an assembly solution to mount the interconnect to an RF signal feed card. Finally, a test setup is designed allowing for high cycle fatigue testing within the order of hours, including the capability to monitor performance of the interconnect by tracking DC continuity through a simulated application using a single post design. The prototype interconnect is tested to failure and is shown to survive 18 million cycles of a typical loading application before failure of the LCP springs occurs in the mode predicted by the initial FEA model.
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Holmberg, Eva-Marie, and Therese Öman. "Vårdpersonalens erfarenheter av att använda vårdplanen Liverpool Care Pathway [LCP] i palliativ vård : En litteraturstudie." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för omvårdnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130903.
Full textAbstract:
Titel: Vårdpersonalens erfarenheter av att använda vårdplanen Liverpool CarePathway (LCP) i palliativ vård - en litteraturstudieBakgrund: De senaste åren har det rapporterats mycket kring LCP, mestadelsnegativt. I några länder där vårdplanen LCP använts, ändras nu vårdplaner förpalliativ vård, däribland Sverige.Syfte: Denna litteraturstudie syftar till att beskriva vårdpersonalens erfarenheter avatt använda vårdplanen LCP.Metod: Åtta artiklar med kvalitativ ansats användes till litteraturstudien. Artiklarnasresultat lästes, analyserades och kategoriserades.Resultat: I litteraturstudiens resultat framkom två kategorier med sexunderkategorier: Möjligheter i användandet av LCP och Hinder i användandet avLCP.Konklusion: Det råder delade meningar om dokumentationen inom LCP.Vårdplanen upplevs fungera som ett bra stöd i palliativ vård, speciellt förnyutexaminerad vårdpersonal. Den förbättrade kommunikationen inom vårdteametbidrar till stärkt patientsäkerhet, medan bristande utbildning inom LCP kan leda tillatt patientsäkerheten inte kan garanteras.
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Chenniki, Walide. "Evaluation de la fiabilité de boîtiers électroniques QFN à base de nanocomposites LCP/SiO2 fonctionnalisées." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0107/document.
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Dans le cadre du développement de boîtiers à cavités pour composants électroniques, les polymères à cristaux liquides (LCP) offrent des propriétés intéressantes capables de rivaliser avec les matériaux en céramique : une faible perméabilité aux gaz, une résistance à haute température, une stabilité thermique et une faible constante diélectrique (3,1 à 1 MHz et 2,8 à 10 GHz). Cette nouvelle génération de thermoplastiques permettra de concurrencer les boîtiers métalliques et céramiques à cavité plus coûteux et de s’ouvrir à de nouvelles applications comme l’imagerie médicale par exemple.Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une technique de fonctionnalisation de nanoparticules minérales (via procédé Sol-Gel) et leur incorporation à la matrice polymère afin de modifier ces propriétés mécaniques (Module de Young et CTE) et son anisotropie. La fiabilité de boîtiers est évaluée à l’aide de simulations thermomécaniques. Le but est d’établir un lien entre les propriétés mécaniques des composites à base de LCP et la durée de vie des boîtiers électroniques. Le développement de capots optiques pour ces boîtiers est aussi étudié afin d’obtenir une filtration dans la proche infrarouge pour des applications dans le secteur de la téléphonie mobileAs part of the development of cavities packages for electronic components, Liquid Crystal Polymers (LCP) offer interesting properties and compete with ceramic materials: low gas permeability, high temperature resistance, thermal stability and low dielectric constant (3.1 to 2.8 for 1 MHz and 10 GHz). This new generation of thermoplastic will compete with classic packages more expensive and open to new applications such as medical imaging for example.In this context, we propose an original approach of mineral nanoparticles functionalization (via sol-gel process) and their incorporation into the polymer matrix to modify the mechanical properties (Young's modulus and CTE) and the anisotropy. Packaging reliability is assessed using thermomechanical simulations. The goal is to establish a link between the mechanical properties of composites based on LCP and the characteristic lifetime of the package. The development of optical covers for these packages is also study to obtain a filter in the near infrared for applications in the mobile phone sector
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Nasri, Verya. "Analyse de l'intéraction sol-structure en tenant compte de la consolidation du sol." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0498.
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Le présent travail peut se résumer en trois parties. Dans la première partie les éléments infinis composites sont couples avec les éléments finis conventionnels afin de modéliser la réponse du sol à l’ infini. On s'est intéressé en particulier aux problèmes dans lesquels la consolidation du sol intervient. La précision de l'élément a été évaluée en comparant les solutions numériques des problèmes concernant un milieu non-borne avec les solutions analytiques correspondantes. On observe que la formulation couplée d'éléments finis et infinis pour un problème non-borne conduit à une économie substantielle de l'effort de calcul et à une meilleure représentation physique du comportement du sol à l'infini. La seconde partie porte sur l'analyse d'interaction d'un système portique-radier-sol en tenant compte essentiellement du comportement élastoplastique parfait du sol de fondation. Le comportement interactif du système est compare à celui d'un système dont le sol de fondation se comporte d'une façon élastique linéaire. On constate que la non-linéarité du sol influence les forces d'une manière significative aussi bien dans les éléments de structure que dans le radier. Cela justifie donc la prise en compte de la non-linéarité du sol dans l'analyse d'interaction sol-structure. Nous nous sommes intéresses, dans la dernière partie, à l'étude du comportement en fonction du temps des structures en portiques fondées sur une couche épaisse de sol élastique ou élastoplastique parfait au cours de la consolidation. Une analyse de consolidation non-linéaire, utilisant une formulation en éléments finis basée sur la théorie de Biot, a été effectuée. La méthode des contraintes initiales avec un schéma itératif de Newton-Raphson modifie a été utilisée dans cette étude. Sur la base du comportement interactif observe, on conclut que, dans certains éléments de la structure, les forces maximales apparaissent durant la consolidation et le contrôle des forces finales dans le portique à l'aide d'une analyse conventionnelle indépendante du temps peut ne pas être suffisant. Il est par conséquent suggéré, pour une compréhension réaliste et lorsque c'est possible, que le comportement de consolidation du massif de sol soit pris en compte dans l'étude d'interaction sol-structure, si l'importance de la structure le nécessite
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Meslin, Céline. "Utilisation de la table des suffixes pour la détection des répétitions." Rouen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ROUES002.
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La complexité mémoire de l’arbre des suffixes étant très importante, des alternatives ont été développées. Parmi elles, la table des suffixes fut introduite par Manber et Myers en 1990. Cette structure fut peu utilisée à cause de sa complexité en temps de construction. Depuis 2003, il est possible de la construire en un temps proportionnel à la taille de la séquence d’entrée. Mon travail a consisté à étudier les valeurs contenues dans la table lcp. J’ai conçu un nouvel algorithme de stockage qui permet d’utiliser moins de mémoire que FOR-Repeats pour la détection des répétitions maximales. Un nouvel algorithme de parcours en largeur de la table des suffixes permet la détection de facteurs minimaux non répétés. J’ai également développé un algorithme de recherche de motifs approchés. Les différents tests effectués montrent un gain mémoire important par rapport aux méthodes existantesThe space complexity of suffix tree is important, some another structures were developed Among them, the suffix array which was introduced by Manber and Myers in 1990. Because the time complexity of this construction, the suffix array was rarely used. Since 2003, we can build it which is O(n), with n is the length of the text. After studying the values contained in the lcp table, I developed a new algorithm to store this table. Using this algorithm to detect maximal repeats, is using less memory than FOR-Repeats. A new algorithm to simulate a breadth first search is used to isolate the non repeats patterns whose length is minimal. I used suffix array to search approximate patterns. Some comparative tests shows memory saving in comparison with existing methods
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Kalnický, Jakub. "Deformační a napěťová analýza šroubu a kostní tkáně se zlomeninou zafixovanou pomocí dlahy." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-318799.
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In the field of orthopaedics and traumatology, a whole series of problems appear related to fracture fixation by means of various types of plates. Appropriate application of the plate is the difficult task that a doctor needs to deal with in the operating room. Regarding mechanics, the number of screws and their spacing have a major impact on the healing process. If there are too many screws or lack of them, the fracture does not heal properly. This can lead to implant failure. This work deals with stress-strain analysis of screws and bone tissue with a fracture fixed by LCP. It deals with the influence of different geometrical configurations of the screws on the stress, deformation and strain of the system. For this purpose, the computational modelling was used by means of the finite element method. Two computational models have been created, on which different screw arrangement was analysed. The first computational model represents diaphysis of the femur that is at the beginning of the healing process. For the four load models and eleven geometric configurations and number of the screws, a total of 44 computations were performed. The second computational model represents the distal part of the femur. Femoral geometry model was created based on CT (computed tomography) examination, geometric model of the plate was created by 3D scanning. Deformations and stresses were compared in the three geometric configurations of the screws during the healing process.
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Bairavasubramanian, Ramanan. "Development of microwave/millimeter-wave antennas and passive components on multilayer liquid crystal polymer (LCP) technology." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14546.
Full textAbstract:
The investigation of liquid crystal polymer (LCP) technology to function as a low-cost next-generation organic platform for designs up to millimeter-wave frequencies has been performed.
Prior to this research, the electrical performance of LCP had been characterized only with the implementation of standard transmission lines and resonators. In this research, a wide
variety of passive functions have been developed on LCP technology and characterized for the first time. Specifically, we present the development of patch antenna arrays for remote sensing applications, the performance of compact low-pass and band-pass filters up to millimeter-wave frequencies, and the integration of passive elements for X-band and V-band transceiver systems.
First, dual-frequency/dual-polarization antenna arrays have been developed on multilayer LCP technology and have been integrated with micro-electro-mechanical-system (MEMS) switches to achieve real-time polarization reconfigurability. These arrays are conformal, efficient and have all the features desirable for
applications that require space deployment.
Second, a wide variety of filters with different physical and functional characteristics have been implemented on both single and multilayer LCP technology. These filters can be classified
based on the filter type (low-pass/band-pass), the resonators used (single-mode/dual-mode), the response characteristics (symmetric/asymmetric), and the structure of the filter (modular/non-modular).
Last, examples of integrated modules for use in transceiver systems are presented. This part of the research involves the development of duplexers, radiating elements, as well as their
integration. The duplexers themselves are realized by integrating a set of band-pass filters and matching networks. The characterization of the individual components, and of the integrated system are included.
This research has resulted in a thorough understanding of LCP's electrical performance and its multilayer lamination capabilities pertaining to its functioning as a material platform for
integrated microwave systems. Novel passive prototypes that can take advantage of such multilayer capabilities have been developed.
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Kingsley, Nickolas Dana. "Development of Miniature, Multilayer, Integrated, Reconfigurable RF MEMS Communication Module on Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) Substrate." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/14547.
Full textAbstract:
For this thesis, the use of Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) as a system-level substrate and packaging material is investigated. Early in the research, recipes for fabricating on LCP were developed. With this knowledge, RF components were able to be fabricated. These devices include filters, antennas, phase shifters, and RF MEMS switches.
To investigate the potential of using LCP as a system-level material, packaging properties and robustness were tested. This research demonstrated that LCP could be used to package something as small and delicate as an individual switch or as large as a 4-inch wafer. In addition, it was shown that MEMS switches could survive well over a hundred million cycles. This demonstrated that LCP could be used to create reliable, high performance systems.
The culmination of this research was used to create two variations of a communication module. The first device was fabricated on one layer and a multi-layer approach was taken for the other device. These modules needed to be low-cost, low-loss, flexible, and capable of beam steering. This technology can be used for communication, sensing, detection, and surveillance for a broad scope of applications. To this date, they are by far the most sophisticated SOP on LCP ever achieved. This technology can be further developed to include more functionality, smaller size, and even better performance.
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Yun, Wansuk. "Design, Modeling, and Characterization of Embedded Passives and Interconnects in Inhomogeneous Liquid Crystalline Polymer (LCP) Substrates." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19785.
Full textAbstract:
The goal of the research in this dissertation is to design and characterize embedded passive components, interconnects, and circuits in inhomogeneous, multi-layer liquid crystalline polymer (LCP) substrates.
The attenuation properties of inhomogeneous multi-layer LCP substrates were extracted up to 40 GHz. This is the first result for an inhomogeneous LCP stack-up that has been reported. The characterization results show excellent loss characteristics, much better than FR-4-based technology, and they are similar to LTCC and homogeneous LCP-based technology.
A two-port characterization method based on measurements of multiple arrays of vias is proposed. The method overcomes the drawbacks of the one-port and other two-port characterizations. Model-to-hardware correlation was verified using multi-layer model in Agilent ADS and measurement-based via model using arrays of the vias. The resulting correlations show that this method can be readily applied to other vertical interconnect structures besides via structures.
Comprehensive characterizations have been conducted for the efficient 3D integration of high-Q passives using a balanced LCP substrate. At two different locations from three different large M-LCP panels, 76 inductors and 16 3D capacitors were designed and measured. The parameters for the measurement-based inductor model were extracted from the measured results. The results validate the large panel process of the M-LCP substrate. To reduce the lateral size, multi-layer 3D capacitors were designed. The designed 3D capacitors with inductors can provide optimized solutions for more efficient RF front-end module integration. In addition, the parameters for the measurement-based capacitor model were extracted.
Various RF front-end modules have been designed and implemented using high-Q embedded passive components in inhomogeneous multi-layer LCP substrates. A C-band filter using lumped elements has been designed and measured. The lumped baluns were used to design a double balnced-mixer for 5 GHz WLAN application and a doubly double-balanced mixer for 1.78 GHz CDMA receiver miniaturization. Finally, to overcome the limitations of the lumped component circuits, a 30 GHz gap-coupled band-pass filter in inhomogeneous multi-layer LCP substrates, and the measured results using SOLT and TRL calibrations have been compared to the simulation results.
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Larsson, Linda, and Cathrin Norrback. "Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede enligt Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP) : En litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Omvårdnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-13852.
Full textAbstract:
Syfte: Att redogöra för sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede enligt Liverpool Care Pathway (LCP). Metod: Litteraturstudien baseras på tio vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. De vetenskapliga artiklarna söktes i databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och World of Science. Inklusionskriterier var att artiklarna skulle vara primärkällor, vara skrivna på svenska eller engelska samt publicerade mellan år 2003-2013. Ytterligare inklusionskriterier var att sjuksköterskorna skulle ha erfarenhet av LCP, samt att de vetenskapliga artiklarna erhöll medel eller hög poäng vid granskningen och var godkänd av en etisk kommitté. Studier från hela världen inkluderades. Huvudresultat: Ett flertal studier visade att LCP bidrog till ett ökat självförtroende och tydligare riktlinjer för den palliativa vården. Sjuksköterskorna upplevde en förbättrad symtomkontroll och förbättrad vård efter införandet av LCP. Sjuksköterskorna var positiva till dokumentationen i LCP och det framgick också att LCP hade förbättrat och underlättat kommunikationen med närstående. LCP erbjöd stöd och vägledning i vården men det framgick också att det fanns oklarheter vad beträffar diagnostiserande av en patient som döende. Slutsats: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede enligt Liverpool Care Pathway. Det framgick att det fanns bristande kunskaper om palliativ vård, men att införandet av LCP gett sjuksköterskor stöd och vägledning samt förbättrat kunskapen om palliativ vård. En vårdplan som LCP kan vara ett stöd för sjuksköterskan i omvårdnaden av patienter inom palliativ vård, men en sådan vårdplan kan aldrig ersätta sjuksköterskans kliniska kompetens. Det är därför viktigt att sjuksköterskor erbjuds fortlöpande utbildning inom palliativ vård, samt att en vårdplan som LCP används utifrån ett kritiskt förhållningssätt.
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Silva, Ludmila Bezerra da. "Interação da proteína de superfície LcpA de Leptospira com Fator H, principal regulador solúvel da via alternativa do sistema complemento humano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/10/10134/tde-26112013-143254/.
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A leptospirose é uma zoonose de distribuição mundial, com maior incidência nas regiões tropicais. As bactérias que causam a doença pertencem ao gênero Leptospira, família Leptospiracea e ordem Spirochaetales. A leptospirose é mantida na natureza pela colonização persistente dos túbulos renais proximais dos animais portadores. Uma estratégia adotada por estas espiroquetas para sobreviver à ação do sistema imune inato do hospedeiro é a capacidade que possuem de interagir com os reguladores do sistema complemento Fator H (FH) e proteína de ligação a C4b (C4BP). O sistema complemento é um componente vital da imunidade inata, uma vez que desempenha um papel crucial na defesa do hospedeiro, particularmente contra bactérias Gram-negativas. Dados recentes gerados por nosso grupo mostraram que C4BP interage com a proteína de superfície LcpA de Leptospira. Com cerca de 20 kDa, essa proteína é capaz de se ligar a C4BP purificado ou solúvel no soro de maneira dose-dependente. Uma vez ligado à proteína, C4BP permanece funcional agindo como cofator de Fator I na clivagem de C4b. O presente estudo teve como principal objetivo avaliar a interação da proteína LcpA com FH humano, principal regulador solúvel da via alternativa do sistema complemento. A proteína LcpA e suas porções N-Terminal, Intermediária e CTerminal recombinantes foram purificadas por cromatografia de afinidade a metal a partir da fração insolúvel. A interação dessas proteínas com FH foi avaliada por dois métodos distintos: ELISA e Western blot com overlay. Os resultados indicaram que a porção C-Terminal da proteína LcpA é responsável pela interação com FH. Curiosamente, C4BP também se liga a esse domínio da proteína. Uma vez que esses dois reguladores solúveis do sistema complemento interagem com o mesmo segmento da LcpA, realizaram-se, a seguir, ensaios de competição com o objetivo de avaliar se ambos compartilhariam os mesmos sítios de interação. Os dados mostraram que FH e C4BP devem se ligar a sequências distintas desta proteína. Com o objetivo de se avaliar a funcionalidade de FH ligado à LcpA, realizou-se um ensaio para investigar sua atividade de co-fator de Fator I na clivagem de C3b. Produtos de degradação de 46 kDa e 43 kDa da cadeia α' de C3b foram detectados, indicando que FH permanece funcional. Em se tratando de uma proteína com funções relacionadas ao processo de evasão ao sistema imune inato, decidiu-se realizar ensaios de desafio em modelo de hamster com a finalidade de se avaliar seu potencial imunoprotetor. Os três ensaios realizados indicaram que a proteína não é capaz de conferir proteção. Os ensaios de ELISA visando à avaliação dos títulos de anticorpos mostraram que LcpA não é imunogênica, fato que explica os resultados dos ensaios de desafio observados. Portanto, embora interaja com moléculas do hospedeiro e pareça contribuir para o processo de evasão ao sistema imune inato, essa proteína de membrana não se mostrou promissora como candidato vacinal contra leptospirose.Leptospirosis is a zoonosis of global distribution, with higher incidence in tropical areas. The bacteria that cause the disease belong to the genus Leptospira, family Leptospiracea and order Spirochaetales. Leptospirosis is maintained in nature by persistent colonization of proximal renal tubules of carrier animals. One strategy adopted by these spirochetes to escape from host´s innate immune system is the ability to interact with the complement regulators Factor H (FH) and C4b Binding Protein (C4BP). The complement system is a vital component of the innate immune system, being crucial for host´s defense, particularly against Gram-negative bacteria. According to our recent published data, C4BP interacts with the leptospiral surface protein LcpA. This 20 kDa outer membrane protein binds both purified and serum C4BP in a dose-dependent manner. Once bound, C4BP remains functional acting as a cofactor for Factor I in the cleavage of C4b. In the present study we evaluated the interaction of LcpA with human FH, the main soluble regulator of the alternative pathway of complement. The intact protein as well as its N-terminal, intermediate and C-terminal portions were purified by metal-affinity chromatography from the insoluble pellet. The interaction of these proteins with FH was evaluated by two distinct methods: ELISA and Western blot overlay. Our results indicate that the C-terminal domain of LcpA mediates interaction with FH, and also with C4BP. Since both complement regulators interact with the same fragment of LcpA, we next performed competition assays to assess if they would share binding sites. According to our data, FH and C4BP have distinct binding sites on LcpA. Cofactor activity of FH bound to immobilized LcpA was confirmed by detecting the C3b α' chain cleavage fragments of 46 and 43 kDa upon incubation with Factor I, thus indicating that it remains functionally active. Given the LcpA´s role in host´s innate immune evasion, we also evaluated its vaccine potential in a hamster model. Data from three challenge assays indicated that the protein can not afford protection. Low ELISA antibody titers of hamsters immunized with LcpA were observed, which strongly suggests that this protein is not immunogenic. In conclusion, LcpA interacts with host´s molecules and seems to contribute to the bacterial immune evasion. Nevertheless, this outer membrane protein is not a promising vaccine candidate against leptospirosis.
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Pezo, Oscar Bartra. "Análises numéricas de provas de carga em radier estaqueado utilizando o método dos elementos finitos." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2013. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/10447.
Full textAbstract:
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CAPES
A presente dissertação analisa, em termos do comportamento carga-recalque, um banco de dados organizado por Wilson Cartaxo Soares (2011), de fundações em grupo de estacas e radier estaqueados, executados em solo arenoso de várias camadas da área litorânea de João Pessoa/PB, com 07 provas de carga, estáticas, em estacas do tipo Hollow Auger, construídas em escala real, com 300 mm de diâmetro e 4,5 m de comprimento. Os dados foram retroanalisados com o Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF 3D), utilizando o programa CESAR-LCPC v4 (Cleo 3D versão 1.07). Na modelagem do comportamento tensão-deformação do solo foi utilizado o modelo constitutivo de Mohr-Coulomb. Os parâmetros geotécnicos iniciais utilizados em cada um desses modelos foram obtidos através de correlações a partir de valores de NSPT obtidos por SOARES (2011). Os resultados dessas simulações numéricas foram comparados com os resultados experimentais, medidos nas provas de carga. Definiu-se os parâmetros geotécnicos do solo a partir da retroanálise por meio da modelagem numérica para serem empregados em futuras simulações no maciço. Análises paramétricas são executadas com o intuito de obter um maior conhecimento do comportamento da fundação em radier estaqueado, usando o modelo elásticoplástico de Mohr-Coulomb. Isso ocorre mediante algumas alterações de sua configuração que inclui a espessura do radier, número, diâmetro, espaçamento e comprimento das estacas embutido no solo. Carga vertical central está sendo considerada para a análise paramétrica. O recalque máximo, recalque diferencial e distorção angular do radier diminuem, com o aumento da espessura do radier, do número, comprimento e diâmetro das estacas.
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MEENA, MANISH KUMAR. "PREDICTION AND ENHANCEMENT OF VOLTAGE STABILITY OF POWER SYSTEMS." Thesis, 2019. http://dspace.dtu.ac.in:8080/jspui/handle/repository/16987.
Full textAbstract:
There are many challenges in power system related to stability in the stressed
operating condition. Voltage collapse is a frequent phenomenon in stressed condition which
leads to degradation the power system performance. So, there is continuously monitoring
required to prevent the voltage collapse and major blackout. For this purpose, power system
is to be examined to find the weak buses so that voltage stability can be improved.
For the online testing and detection of voltage instability it is required to identify the
maximum load taking capacity of the system. Load dynamics is directly related to voltage
stability of the bus therefore it is required to consider different load for voltage stability
studies.
Previously voltage stability was observed by the P-V and Q-V curves which is time
consuming. There are some indexes also provided by the many researchers like L-index, fast
voltage stability index (FVSI), new voltage stability index (NVSI), line stability factor (LQP),
line collapse proximity index (LCPI), Lmn index, line voltage stability index (LVSI) etc.
In this work a voltage stability index named as Line Collapse Proximity Index (LCPI)
has been considered mainly to evaluate the voltage stability and compare with other indices
FVSI, Lmn and LQP. The maximum loadability limit of load buses also find out with help of
LCPI index and verified with P-V and Q-V curves. LCPI provides highly accurate results in
very short time. So precisely monitoring of power system is possible so that we can take
necessary action to avoid the voltage instability.
LCPI is also used to identify the reactive power margin for stability. For the
effectiveness of this index it is tested on IEEE-30 bus and IEEE-118 bus test system.
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Chiou, Yei-Po, and 邱奕博. "Reactive Compatibilzed Polymer Blends of PP/LCP and PS/LCP." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/45345099851368441403.
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