Academic literature on the topic 'LCI stone cutting technologies'
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Journal articles on the topic "LCI stone cutting technologies"
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Bianco, Isabella, and Gian Andrea Blengini. "Production Chains of Soft-Weak Stones: Life Cycle Inventory of Techniques and Technologies." Key Engineering Materials 848 (June 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.848.137.
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The dimension stone sector is more and more active in developing new solutions to improve the sustainability of its supply chain, partly as a consequence of the current EU policies on Circular Economy and Raw Materials. The Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a recognized scientific tool for evaluating environmental impacts of the processes. Nevertheless, in the stone sector, LCA is hindered by the scarce availability of Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) datasets for the specific processes of the stone supply chain. This paper provides LCI datasets of the most common and widespread techniques and related technologies for quarrying, cutting and finishing soft-weak stones. To this aim primary data were collected in Italian marble quarries and processing plants and in companies producing cutting tools. When necessary, industry data were complemented with secondary data from literature. High replicability and flexibility of the datasets is obtained through the provision of Unit process inventories for each technology/technique and through the set of parameters. In addition, the uncertainty of the resulting LCI datasets has been evaluated with the well-established procedure of Ecoinvent pedigree matrix. The availability of these datasets contributes to the population of Life Cycle databases and is expected to boost the measurement and enhancement of the key aspects of sustainability in the stone sector.
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Gadioli, Monica Castoldi Borlini, Nuria Fernández Castro, Carlos Eduardo Ribeiro Wandermurem, and Ualisson Donardelli Bellon. "Life Cycle Inventory of Brazilian Natural Stones." Key Engineering Materials 848 (June 2020): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.848.109.
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Brazil is one of the main producers and exporters of natural stones in the world. Aiming to contribute to environmental improvements, the life cycle inventory of Brazilian natural stones – LCI Stones was elaborated. This paper presents the results obtained along the LCI Stones project. The project was carried out according to the Brazilian methodology for the elaboration of inventories and to the 14040 and 14044 ISO standards. The study consists of two product systems: quarrying and processing (which is divided in two other subsystems: sawing and polishing), being the last one the main system of this study. The product considered is the polished slab. The data were collected within producing companies, comprising a representative time period for the inventory validation. All inputs and outputs of mass, water and energy as well as products and emissions, within the boundaries, were identified and quantified. The main difficulty found in the data collection was the lack of data control by the companies, mainly the water and energy consumption and polishing inputs. The results of the study showed that, among the stone production processes, gang saw cutting was the one with the most relevant impacts. On account of the rapid technological improvements during the last years, the LCI-Stones is being updated by CETEM.
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Núñez-Cárdenas, Pablo, Belén Diezma, Guillermo San Miguel, Constantino Valero, and Eva C. Correa. "Environmental LCA of Precision Agriculture for Stone Fruit Production." Agronomy 12, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071545.
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Precision agriculture is a concept that encompasses various technologies aimed at optimizing the management of agricultural activities. The main aim of this investigation is to evaluate the environmental and economic performance of precision agriculture practices on the production of a stone fruit crop (nectarine) using a life cycle approach and to consider a cradle-to-farm gate scope. The results have been compared against the traditional uniform application (UA). The analysis considers five impact categories, including climate change, photochemical ozone formation, acidification, eutrophication, and water use. The foreground inventory data was provided by a local producer in Southern Spain, and the background information was sourced from commercial Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) databases. The results show that the manufacturing of crop inputs (mainly fertilizers, but also crop management inputs) is responsible for most of the damage generated in all the impact categories, except for water use. The reduced input requirements associated with the application of VA techniques resulted in significantly lower economic costs and environmental savings throughout the life cycle of the production system, which ranged on average between 12–26%.
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Hayden, Brian. "Insights into early lithic technologies from ethnography." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 370, no. 1682 (November 19, 2015): 20140356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2014.0356.
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Oldowan lithic assemblages are often portrayed as a product of the need to obtain sharp flakes for cutting into animal carcases. However, ethnographic and experimental research indicates that the optimal way to produce flakes for such butchering purposes is via bipolar reduction of small cryptocrystalline pebbles rather than from larger crystalline cores resembling choppers. Ethnographic observations of stone tool-using hunter-gatherers in environments comparable with early hominins indicate that most stone tools (particularly chopper forms and flake tools) were used for making simple shaft tools including spears, digging sticks and throwing sticks. These tools bear strong resemblances to Oldowan stone tools. Bipolar reduction for butchering probably preceded chopper-like core reduction and provides a key link between primate nut-cracking technologies and the emergence of more sophisticated lithic technologies leading to the Oldowan.
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Motes-Rodrigo, Alba, Shannon P. McPherron, Will Archer, R. Adriana Hernandez-Aguilar, and Claudio Tennie. "Experimental investigation of orangutans’ lithic percussive and sharp stone tool behaviours." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 16, 2022): e0263343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263343.
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Early stone tools, and in particular sharp stone tools, arguably represent one of the most important technological milestones in human evolution. The production and use of sharp stone tools significantly widened the ecological niche of our ancestors, allowing them to exploit novel food resources. However, despite their importance, it is still unclear how these early lithic technologies emerged and which behaviours served as stepping-stones for the development of systematic lithic production in our lineage. One approach to answer this question is to collect comparative data on the stone tool making and using abilities of our closest living relatives, the great apes, to reconstruct the potential stone-related behaviours of early hominins. To this end, we tested both the individual and the social learning abilities of five orangutans to make and use stone tools. Although the orangutans did not make sharp stone tools initially, three individuals spontaneously engaged in lithic percussion, and sharp stone pieces were produced under later experimental conditions. Furthermore, when provided with a human-made sharp stone, one orangutan spontaneously used it as a cutting tool. Contrary to previous experiments, social demonstrations did not considerably improve the stone tool making and using abilities of orangutans. Our study is the first to systematically investigate the stone tool making and using abilities of untrained, unenculturated orangutans showing that two proposed pre-requisites for the emergence of early lithic technologies–lithic percussion and the recognition of sharp-edged stones as cutting tools–are present in this species. We discuss the implications that ours and previous great ape stone tool experiments have for understanding the initial stages of lithic technologies in our lineage.
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Shalenny, Vasiliy. "Safe technologies for cutting reinforced concrete structures by means of diamond tools." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199703009.
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The advantages and the need to improve the safety of work when using modern diamond technologies for cutting concrete and reinforced concrete structures which are common during the dismantling and reconstruction of civil objects are shown. Improved organizational, structural and technological schemes of cutting these structures with diamond disc and wire saws with remote control are reasonably proposed. Preliminary fastening of cut elements on independent spatial scaffolding with screw jacks is a distinctive feature of the proposed schemes. In case of reconstruction by means of a device or an increase of the size of openings in load-bearing reinforced concrete and stone walls, a preliminary installation and commissioning of reinforcement steel frames provided for by the project are proposed, on them – guides of diamond disc, chain or wire saws and only then – cutting of reinforced concrete with its forced canting outside the working area for recycling.
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Garrido, Julio, Diego Silva, and Juan Sáez. "STEP-NC-Compliant Implementation to Support Mixed-Control Technologies Applied to Stone-Processing Machines Based on Industrial Automation Standards." Machines 9, no. 12 (November 30, 2021): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9120327.
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STEP-NC (Standard for the Exchange of Product Model Data–Numerical Control) for metal milling and turning is not implemented by industrial computer numerical controllers. Solutions reported are prototypes based on post-processing in G-code. Moreover, minority machining processes, such as stone cutting, have not yet been contemplated in the STEP-NC standard. This article takes that sector as a use case. An extended STEP-NC model for circular saw stone-cutting operations is proposed, and a prototype automation implementation is developed to work with this extended model. This article shows how modern technological resources for coordinated axes control provided by many industrial controllers for the automation of general-purpose machines can speed up the processes of implementing STEP-NC numerical controllers. This article proposes a mixed and flexible approach for STEP-NC-based machine automation, where different strategies can coexist when it comes to executing STEP-NC machining files, so controllers do not need to implement the standard in an exhaustive way for all the possible features, but only at selected ones when convenient. This is demonstrated in a prototype implementation which is able to process STEP-NC product files with mixed-feature types: standard milling and non-standard sawblade features for stone processing.
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Oh, Sung Hoon. "Study about the Stone Curves and the Development of Polygonal Shape Cutting Device." Advanced Materials Research 1025-1026 (September 2014): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1025-1026.85.
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Through this study, equipment was developed which could work large size stones into linear and curve shaped cutting planes and cut polygonal shaped stones during the lapping and semi-finishing works which are pre-tasks to manufacture the large size building column or large size stone statue which is installed in the temple. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Safety of equipment could be secured using design program and structure interpreting program and productivity could be improved by reducing the required manpower and working time for rough grinding and semi-finishing works through positioning control module. This technology is expected to be utilized in manufacturing various stone equipments by applying the working path generation and oil pressure technologies as the type of NC work equipments as well as in future working area.
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Herghelegiu, Eugen, Crina Radu, Carol Schnakovszky, and Ion Cristea. "High Pressure Water Jet Cutting of the Al 6061 T651 Aluminum Alloy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 245–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.245.
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Water jet cutting is an unconventional technology used for materials processing. It is known to be one of the most versatile and rapid cutting methods that can be applied to process a greater variety of materials such: metallic materials, non-metallic materials, stone, glass etc. By comparing with the classical technologies, the water jet cutting presents the following advantages: very low side forces during the machining; it is rapid; it is silent; no thermal distortion, high flexibility and has a good cutting accuracy and minimal burrs. In this paper the influence of the high pressures on the surface quality of the workpieces processed by water jet abrasive cutting is presented. The studied parameters were as follows: width of the processed surface at the jet inlet (Li), width of the processed surface at the jet outlet (Lo), deviation from perpendicularity (u), inclination angle (α) and roughness (Ra).
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Herghelegiu, Eugen, Crina Radu, Carol Schnakovszky, and Ion Cristea. "Influence of the Distance between the Cutting Head and Working Sample on the Geometric Precision in Water Jet Abrasive Cutting Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 371 (August 2013): 240–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.371.240.
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Water jet cutting is an unconventional technology used for materials processing. Abrasive water jet cutting has become a highly developed industry technology. Its development has been favored by the fact that abrasive water jet cutting can be used in practically all areas in which solids are processed stone, glass, plastics, composite materials and metals. It is known to be one of the most versatile and rapid cutting methods that can be applied to process a greater variety of materials such: metallic materials, non-metallic materials. By comparing with the classical technologies, the water jet cutting presents the following advantages: very low side forces during the machining; it is rapid; it is silent; no thermal distortion, high flexibility and has a good cutting accuracy and minimal burrs. The aim of the present paper is to present the results of the study regarding the influence of the distance between the cutting head and working sample processed by abrasive water jet cutting on the surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of the processed part.
Book chapters on the topic "LCI stone cutting technologies"
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Papavassiliou, Eleni, Kalliopi Bairami, Yannis Maniatis, and Dimitris Tambakopoulos. "The usage of Lartian stone through the centuries." In Cutting-edge Technologies in Ancient Greece, 165–72. Oxbow Books, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13nb882.24.
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Poupaki, Eirene A. "Recent research providing clues on the Koan stone crafting during antiquity." In Cutting-edge Technologies in Ancient Greece, 173–82. Oxbow Books, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv13nb882.25.
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Fomin, Vladis, and Kalle Lyytinen. "How to Distribute a Cake before Cutting It into Pieces." In Information Technology Standards and Standardization, 222–39. IGI Global, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-878289-70-4.ch014.
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This article analyses social networks by looking at the standard making processes. As a framework for analysis, actor network theory is chosen. Standards are of particular interest for actor network theory for they provide mechanisms to align interests of multiple social groups organized in networks that have a joint incentive in working with the standards and /or associated technologies. These social groups include scientific communities, government institutions and social movements (industrial groups, companies, and consumers) that are interested in regulating and innovating with new technologies. Standards provide the mechanisms to inscribe subsequent behaviors that are expected to become persistent over time. Standard making process is a social process. Actors are involved in the process of continuous negotiation of their interests. Due to this fact, standards became an object of analysis for scholars within the social shaping of technology theory (SST). Though usually scholars of this school take standards as material objects, they interpret technology as such, e.g., a bicycle, or a steam machines. In Information Technology (IT), domain standards are intangible. Those are electronic data exchange formats, communications protocols, signalling protocols, etc. Wireless and mobile communications in particular, being a large field of IT, represent an interesting case for analysis. Present in mobile telephony’s domain are de jure (e.g., GSM) and de facto standards (e.g., NMT). Also the broad scope and large scale of standardization processes suggests non-unified pattern of standard making and complex organizational structure. To make mobile telephony standards successful implies large networks and numerous mandatory passage points. In this paper we apply actor network theory based analysis (ANT) to the development of NMT wireless standards. Researchers interested in IT standardization, except for a few studies on electronic data interchange (EDI) by Hanseth (1997), have overlooked this approach. The acronym NMT stands for Nordisk MobilTelefon (Nordic Mobile Telephone) and it can be historically regarded as one of the best examples of Nordic cooperation in technology as NMT systems have spread quite widely around the world and it also formed an important stepping stone for the evolution of GSM standards. We chose for ANT analysis of the NMT standard making process to learn of the usefulness of theoretical framework and to understand the standard making process of NMT as a social and institutional change. In our opinion, this more than anything else, explains the success of this interesting historical incident that changed the telecommunication industry radically and made Scandinavia a powerhouse of the wireless technologies. Our approach expected to bring more understanding on how the enthusiasm of a small number of actors fostered successful development of the NMT cellular telephony standard. At the same time the NMT standard was based on concepts and visions of its developers. Yet, it was these visions and engagements that lead to distributed the big cake of the cellular world even before cutting it into pieces. The outline of the chapter is the following. In the next section, we discuss past theoretical analysis of the topic. Then we introduce new notions into ANT, such as a layer and a multilayered structure. Next we tell the story of the Nordic radio engineers’ gang. We then analyze the NMT standard’s development process as an instance of actor network mobilization. Some insights into future developments of cellular mobile communications, both from the technological and social perspectives are provided.
Conference papers on the topic "LCI stone cutting technologies"
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yousefi, Reza, Ashkan Gorjizadeh, Reza Mikaeil, Francisco Chinesta, Yvan Chastel, and Mohamed El Mansori. "The effect of machining parameters on force signal and tool wear in stone cutting." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES (AMPT2010). AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3552577.
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Miklyaev, Maxim Viktorovich, Ivan Vyacheslavovich Denisov, and Ivan Mikhailovich Gavrilin. "Development and Implementation of the Method of Cementing Production Casing 178 mm with Pressure on the Cement Slurry on the East Part of the Orenburg Oil and Gas Condensate Field." In SPE Russian Petroleum Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206454-ms.
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Abstract Well construction in the Volga-Ural Region faces different sorts of complications, the most common ones being the loss of drilling fluids and rockslides. Such complications may cause considerable financial losses due to non-productive time (NPT) and longer well construction periods. Moreover, there are complications, which might occur both during well construction and during its exploitation. The commonest complications are sustained casing pressure (SCP) and annular flow. The complications, which occur when operating a well, also have a negative effect on the economic efficiency of well operation and call for additional actions, for example, repair and insulation works, which require well shutdown and killing, though a desired outcome still cannot be guaranteed; moreover, it is possible that several different operations may have to be carried out. In addition, the occurrence of SCP during well life is one of the most crucial problems that may cause well abandonment due to high risks posed by its operation. It is known that the main reasons for SCP are as follows: Channels in cement stone Casing leaks Leaks in wellhead connections To resolve the problem of cement stone channeling, several measures were taken, such as revising cement slurry designs, cutting time for setting strings on slips, applying two-stage cementing, etc. These measures were not successful, besides, they caused additional expenses for extra equipment (for example, a cementer). In order to reduce the risk of cement stone channeling, a cementing method is required that will allow to apply excess pressure on cement slurry during the period of transition and early strength development. To achieve this goal, a well-known method of controlled pressure cementing may be applied. Its main drawback, however, is that it requires much extra equipment, thus increasing operation expenses. In addition, the abovementioned method allows affecting the cement stone only during the operation process and / or during the waiting on cement (WOC) time. Upon receiving the results of the implemented measures and considering the existing technologies and evaluating the economic efficiency, the need was flagged for developing a combined cementing method. The goal of this method is to modify the production string cementing method with a view to applying excess pressure on cement stone during strength development and throughout the well lifecycle. The introduction of this lining method does not lead to an increase in well construction costs and considerably reduces the risks of losing a well from the production well stock.
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Zhi, Shaodan, Allan M. Zarembski, and Jianyong Li. "Towards a Better Understanding of the Rail Grinding Mechanism." In ASME 2013 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2013-4705.
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Rail grinding continues to be one of the most effective techniques for extending rail life, improving wheel/rail contact behavior, and reducing the overall cost of track maintenance. While the ability to more effectively implement improved rail grinding programs continues to expand, the understanding of the grinding mechanism itself has not kept pace with the improved implementation. Thus, while railroad engineering and maintenance personnel have learned to better develop grinding patterns and profiles through empirical testing and field evaluation, the fundamental theoretical bases for the improved grinding performance have not kept pace. One such fundamental area of understanding is the modeling of the rail grinding process itself, both individually, as a function of a single grinding motor on the head of the rail, and in the more complex configuration of multiple grinding motors in a range of patterns. This paper presents the results of research directly aimed at better understanding these mechanisms and then utilizing this better understanding to develop a detailed rail grinding model that allows for the accurate analysis of not only an individual grinding motor but also a full grinding train application, as a function of pattern and speed. In the case of the single grinding motor on the head of the rail, this research looks at the fundamental mechanism associated with each cutting abrasive grinding grain in the grinding stone, and then expands that mechanism to a full 10 inch diameter grinding wheel as it cuts into the rail head at a defined angle and speed. Using actual rail profile data and grinding data, a theoretical grinding wheel model is developed and then calibrated with wheel test data and actual grinding (field) data. This single motor model is then expanded into a full grinding train model, such as for a 96 stone grinding train with 48 motors per rail, where it is able to analyze the full sequence of 48 motors as each motor individually and sequentially removes metal from the rail head. The resulting analysis is sensitive to such key factors as grinding speed, and the key pattern parameters of motor angles, sequence and power. The model is then calibrated to and compared with actual full scale rail grinding metal removal data from a major Class 1 railroad. Such an analysis tool allows railroads to analyze the performance of different grinding patterns in a real world operating setting, to improve their rail grinding practices and take further advantage of new technologies in rail grinding to better manage the grinding process and improve planning of grinding activities.
Reports on the topic "LCI stone cutting technologies"
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Abrashkevich, Yury, Hrigoriy Machyshyn, Tetyana Scherbina, and Oleksandr Marchenko. Technologies of manufacture of abrasive armed circuits for cutting of stone materials. Gіrnichі, budіvelnі, dorozhnі ta melіorativnі mashini, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31493/gbdmm1892.0303.
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