Academic literature on the topic 'Layoff systems – Germany'
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Journal articles on the topic "Layoff systems – Germany"
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Reyes-Silva, Julian David, Björn Helm, and Peter Krebs. "Meshness of sewer networks and its implications for flooding occurrence." Water Science and Technology 81, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.070.
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Abstract Understanding the factors that affect the occurrence of failures in urban drainage networks (UDNs) is a key concept for developing strategies to improve the reliability of such systems. Although a lot of research has been done in this field, the relationship between UDN structure (i.e. layout) and its functional failures is still unclear. In this context, the present study focuses first on determining which are the most common sewer layout topologies, based on a data set of 118 UDNs, and then on analyzing the relationship between these and the occurrence of node flooding using eight subnetworks of the sewer system of Dresden, Germany, as a study case. A method to ‘quantify’ the topology of a UDN in terms of similarity to a branched or meshed system, referred to as Meshness, is introduced. Results indicate, on the one hand, that most networks have branched or predominantly branched topologies. On the other hand, node flooding events in networks with higher Meshness values are less likely to occur, and have shorter durations and smaller volumes than in predominantly branched systems. Predominantly meshed systems are identified then as more reliable in terms of flooded nodes and flooding volumes.
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Ciniglio, Alfredo, Annamaria Guiotto, Fabiola Spolaor, and Zimi Sawacha. "The Design and Simulation of a 16-Sensors Plantar Pressure Insole Layout for Different Applications: From Sports to Clinics, a Pilot Study." Sensors 21, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21041450.
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The quantification of plantar pressure distribution is widely done in the diagnosis of lower limbs deformities, gait analysis, footwear design, and sport applications. To date, a number of pressure insole layouts have been proposed, with different configurations according to their applications. The goal of this study is to assess the validity of a 16-sensors (1.5 × 1.5 cm) pressure insole to detect plantar pressure distribution during different tasks in the clinic and sport domains. The data of 39 healthy adults, acquired with a Pedar-X® system (Novel GmbH, Munich, Germany) during walking, weight lifting, and drop landing, were used to simulate the insole. The sensors were distributed by considering the location of the peak pressure on all trials: 4 on the hindfoot, 3 on the midfoot, and 9 on the forefoot. The following variables were computed with both systems and compared by estimating the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE): Peak/Mean Pressure, Ground Reaction Force (GRF), Center of Pressure (COP), the distance between COP and the origin, the Contact Area. The lowest (0.61%) and highest (82.4%) RMSE values were detected during gait on the medial-lateral COP and the GRF, respectively. This approach could be used for testing different layouts on various applications prior to production.
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Falck, C., M. Ramatschi, C. Subarya, M. Bartsch, A. Merx, J. Hoeberechts, and G. Schmidt. "Near real-time GPS applications for tsunami early warning systems." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 2 (February 2, 2010): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-181-2010.
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Abstract. GPS (Global Positioning System) technology is widely used for positioning applications. Many of them have high requirements with respect to precision, reliability or fast product delivery, but usually not all at the same time as it is the case for early warning applications. The tasks for the GPS-based components within the GITEWS project (German Indonesian Tsunami Early Warning System, Rudloff et al., 2009) are to support the determination of sea levels (measured onshore and offshore) and to detect co-seismic land mass displacements with the lowest possible latency (design goal: first reliable results after 5 min). The completed system was designed to fulfil these tasks in near real-time, rather than for scientific research requirements. The obtained data products (movements of GPS antennas) are supporting the warning process in different ways. The measurements from GPS instruments on buoys allow the earliest possible detection or confirmation of tsunami waves on the ocean. Onshore GPS measurements are made collocated with tide gauges or seismological stations and give information about co-seismic land mass movements as recorded, e.g., during the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 2004 (Subarya et al., 2006). This information is important to separate tsunami-caused sea height movements from apparent sea height changes at tide gauge locations (sensor station movement) and also as additional information about earthquakes' mechanisms, as this is an essential information to predict a tsunami (Sobolev et al., 2007). This article gives an end-to-end overview of the GITEWS GPS-component system, from the GPS sensors (GPS receiver with GPS antenna and auxiliary systems, either onshore or offshore) to the early warning centre displays. We describe how the GPS sensors have been installed, how they are operated and the methods used to collect, transfer and process the GPS data in near real-time. This includes the sensor system design, the communication system layout with real-time data streaming, the data processing strategy and the final products of the GPS-based early warning system components.
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Basati Panah, Mehdi, Viktor A. Rassokhin, Viktor V. Barskov, Egor I. Okunev, Mikhail A. Laptev, Nikolai N. Kortikov, Van Chung Chu, and Bowen Gong. "Influence of cooling of high temperature vane systems on efficiency gas turbine units regarding working substance specific heat capacity dependence on temperature." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 16, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-106231.
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BACKGROUND: Gas turbine units (GTU) are widely used in power plants, shipbuilding, aerospace and other industry sectors. Main performance indicators of units are effective cycle efficiency and useful internal power. It is known that gas turbine power grows on 1525% for each 100C of turbine inlet temperature increases in range of 10001400 K, which makes it possible to save fuel significantly. Further growth of turbine inlet temperature demands more drastic increase of cooling air flow rate for the sake of cooling of the GTU flow channel, that leads to decrease of effective efficiency of a GTU. Consequently, the research of cooling and heat capacity properties influence needs to be done in order to improve gas turbine unit performance in the turbine inlet temperature range of 10001400 K.
AIMS: Issues of influence of cooling of high temperature GTUs as well as issues of influence of working substance specific heat capacity dependence on temperature are studied in the article.
METHODS: The study contains comparative analysis of four gas turbine units (GTU) such as: the 3,13 MW Teeda GTU (Iran), the 4,13 MW UEC Perm Engines GTU-4P (Russia), the 5,1 MW Siemens SGT-100 (Germany) and the 5,67 MW Solar Turbines TAURUS 60 (USA).
RESULTS: As a result, dependencies of efficiency, specific effective work and GTU useful work coefficient on cooling were obtained. Working substance specific heat capacity dependence on temperature was considered in order to increase accuracy of calculations.
CONCLUSIONS: The completed calculation study allows judging on perfection of the heat layout of GTU, the flow channel of GTU and making a comparison of them for the sake of further optimization of operational processes.
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Kaschuba-Holtgrave, Andreas, Angela Rohr, Stefanie Rolfsmeier, and Oliver Solcher. "Individual unit and guard-zone airtightness tests of apartment buildings." Journal of Building Physics 43, no. 4 (August 27, 2018): 301–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1744259118786977.
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The airtightness of eight apartment buildings containing six to 11 units each on three or four floors was tested with and without guard-zone pressure, that is, with and without consideration of internal leakages. The layouts of these buildings varied: two of them had no central stairwell; in two other buildings, only some of the apartments were connected to the central stairwell; and the third type had all apartments connected to a central stairwell. Airtightness tests were performed with and without guard-zone pressure conditions. During these tests, two to eight BlowerDoor systems were used simultaneously to create guard-zone pressure conditions. In this report, the authors evaluate the test results of three buildings of different layout types. Furthermore, a reference model for the natural air permeability of all construction materials used in the interior and exterior envelopes of each apartment was created for two buildings in accordance with the German Industrial Standards (DIN). We present the results of this assessment and put them in context with the airtightness tests with and without guard-zone pressure. The results indicate that the air leakage contribution of internal partitions is significant, namely 32% and 27%. As this affects sound transmission, fire protection, odor transfer, and the quality of ventilation, it is essential to assess the airtightness of not only the exterior but also the interior envelope of each apartment.
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Iakovleva, Viktoria. "Interaction of Verbal and Non-Verbal Elements in Educational Comics." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 6 (March 2021): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2020.6.14.
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The article describes the mechanisms of interaction between two sign systems – the verbal and non-verbal ones, exemplified by a German-language historical comics which we regard as a type of creolized text. It is revealed that the non-verbal components of the comics that are interacting with the verbal contents are aimed at the transfer of knowledge, thus stimulating the interest of the recipient and permanently fix in his mind the visual image of the events depicted in the comics. The purpose of the research is to study the mutual influence of verbal and non-verbal components which creates the circumstances for visual quickcomprehension by the recipient of the information transmitted. The peculiarities of interconnection between verbal and non-verbal components of a creolized text are considered at semantic, semantic-and-linguistic, and semantic-and-compositional levels. Factual information is noted to be expressed by means of verbal components, while time and place reference is communicated non-verbally. It is established that paragraphemic elements of different types (syngraphemic, supragraphemic, topographemic) perform an essential role in transmitting information. The author analyzes compositional-and-spatial elements of historical comics, such as layout and number of pictures, and identifies their functions of attracting attention to significant events, retarding the tempo of depicted actions. The colour coding in comics is shown to be semantically significant, as it introduces different time periods without additional verbal comments.
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Hoyer, O., and J. Clasen. "The application of new technologies in the water treatment process of a modern waterworks." Water Supply 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 63–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2002.0008.
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The new plant for the treatment of water from the Wahnbach-reservoir went into operation at Siegburg, Germany in 2001. It will have a capacity of 3,600 to 4,800 m3/h and is intended for drinking water supply of the Bonn region. The relatively simple water treatment process achieves its high performance and safety from the sophisticated process layout and control developed from 40 years of research and experience at the Wahnbach Reservoir Association. According to temporal needs permanganate and/or powdered activated carbon can be applied for pretreatment. Flocculation is either possible with Al3+- or Fe3+-salt solutions introduced by optimized flash-mixing and destabilization. Immediately afterwards at the inlet into the 12 aggregation and filtration trains it is possible to inactivate motile planktonic organisms by means of cavitation fields generated by ultrasound at 40 kHz. In the following aggregation step flocs are generated tailored to optimum retention in the double media filters which are regenerated via high speed build-up backwashing. Release of plankton and microorganisms accumulated in the filter bed by motile plankton is inhibited by the ultrasound treatment. A continuously high filtrate quality is achieved by stacked filter-runs of the 12 filters adapted to the water quality with backwashes graded at equal time intervals after identical filter-run times, a filter to waste period after backwash first filtrate separation and permanent turbidity monitoring at the individual filtrate outlets. Disinfection is achieved with 3 closed UV-systems equipped, performance tested and certified according to the DVGW technical standard W 294 and is followed by conventional. de-acidification with addition of lime water. The paper will describe and explain the process concept which has been worked out and validated by WTV within the framework of several research projects.
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Li, Zhonghao, Da Wang, and Qiao Kang. "The Development of Data Acquisition System of Formula SAE Race Car Based on CAN Bus Communication Interface and Closed-Loop Design of Racing Car." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (August 26, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4211010.
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This paper is mainly based on the college formula race car, through the application of CAN bus communication interface settings, the layout and adjustment of the car sensors, and then carry out the data collection and analysis of the car. CAN bus is the local area network of controller and is one of the field bus which is put forward by German Bosch company and applied most widely in the world. The development of the data analysis system is mainly based on the MoTeC i2 data analysis software. MoTeC i2 data analysis software has been developed for many years under the continuous research of professional teams all over the world. According to the data analysis requirement of FSAE undergraduate Formula 1 teams, this paper introduces a series of data analysis methods closely related to FSAE, mainly including data channel research. This paper expounds the reliability, suspension, tire temperature, steering, and braking data analysis, respectively. Based on the data analysis template created by Motec i2, this paper conducts analysis and basic application according to the data of the real car, so as to meet the requirements of verifying design made by simulation model and tuning the real car scientifically. By means of wheel speed sensor, acceleration sensor, displacement sensor, multichannel temperature sensor, and so on, we conduct a series of tests on 2020 season car, including endurance test, linear acceleration experiment, steady rotation, etc., evaluate the data collected, and then carry on a reasonable set-up of racing, ultimately improving lap speed.
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Ye, Yunguang, Yu Sun, Shiping Dongfang, Dachuan Shi, and Markus Hecht. "Optimizing wheel profiles and suspensions for railway vehicles operating on specific lines to reduce wheel wear: a case study." Multibody System Dynamics 51, no. 1 (January 16, 2020): 91–122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11044-020-09722-4.
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AbstractThe selection of a wheel profile is a topic of great interest as it can affect running performances and wheel wear, which needs to be determined based on the actual operational line. Most existing studies, however, aim to improve running performances or reduce contact forces/wear/rolling contact fatigue (RCF) on curves with ideal radii, with little attention to the track layout parameters, including curves, superelevation, gauge, and cant, etc. In contrast, with the expansion of urbanization, as well as some unique geographic or economic reasons, more and more railway vehicles shuttle on fixed lines. For these vehicles, the traditional wheel profile designing method may not be the optimal choice. In this sense, this paper presents a novel wheel profile designing method, which combines FaSrtip, wheel material loss function developed by University of Sheffield (USFD function), and Kriging surrogate model (KSM), to reduce wheel wear for these vehicles that primarily operate on fixed lines, for which an Sgnss wagon running on the German Blankenburg–Rübeland railway line is introduced as a case. Besides, regarding the influence of vehicle suspension characteristics on wheel wear, most of the studies have studied the lateral stiffness, longitudinal stiffness, and yaw damper characteristics of suspension systems, since these parameters have an obvious influence on wheel wear. However, there is currently little research on the relationship between the vertical suspension characteristics and wheel wear. Therefore, it is also investigated in this paper, and a suggestion for the arrangement of the vertical primary spring stiffness of the Y25 bogie is given.
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Rassenfoss, Stephen. "Oil Companies Demand Digital Their Way." Journal of Petroleum Technology 73, no. 03 (March 1, 2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/0321-0018-jpt.
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Oil industry executives surveyed last year ranked the potential positive impact of big data analytics at the top of the list of trends, higher than even changes in oil demand. That bold conclusion was from a survey by accounting firm Ernst and Young (EY), putting big data analytics among the top trends that could aid business growth in the next 3 years, even above the demand swings that move oil prices. The survey may have reflected the mood last summer when the outlook for oil consumption looked so weak that cost saving was the only path to better results. “The survey speaks to a high-level ambition across the operator community to use digital as a mechanism to drive down costs,” said Toby Summers executive director for EY. The promise there is that digital can allow them to scale up operations with fewer hires in good times and scale back with fewer layoffs when the cycle turns down. These projects also cost less than other cost-cutting options. “Digitization is one of the cheapest ways to get the business more resilient,” said Patrick von Pattay, a vice president for Wintershall Dea, a Germany-based independent, and chairman of the Digital Transformation Committee of SPE’s Digital Energy Technical Section. Process changes supported by digital analysis can cost a couple hundred thousand dollars; that is not a lot of money in a business where a single offshore well often costs hundreds of millions. What is not obvious is who does the work. The rush to digital has scrambled traditional relationships with oilfield service companies and brought in new players, from Silicon Valley giants to a flurry of startups in the oil business, a few of which have become established players. As a result of the change in the technology, and the business models of the upstarts, oil company technical teams can and do play a more active role in digital technology development and use than in the past. Changes began in 2014, when the sudden end of $100/bbl oil forced oil companies to drop their long-time reliance on owning their own computer systems. Oil companies finally joined the decade-old shift to buying data storage and processing as a service from giants such as Amazon and Google. That facilitated digital innovations by centralizing their data, eliminating splintered storage systems that hindered analysis. The giant looming over the service business now is Amazon Web Services (AWS). The cloud storage arm of the online retail and logistics giant has grown exponentially, doing everything from selling an array of digital tools to promoting a list of preferred energy providers. Digital newcomers disrupted relations with service companies that had built software solutions and sold equipment programmed using proprietary coding. Increasingly user-friendly tools for visualizing and analyzing data, plus the ability for smaller companies to buy data capacity, allowed engineers to do more and allowed midsized companies to act like big ones. “There has been a shift now; the independents have access to the same tech as the big guys,” Summers said.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Layoff systems – Germany"
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BOURGAIN, Marina. "Quels impacts de l'Europe dans la convergence des pratiques et des règles de licenciement collectif? Études empiriques en France et en Allemagne et dans des entreprises franco-allemandes." Doctoral thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/5178.
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Defence date: 12 December 2005Examining board: Prof. Martin Rhodes, IUE (directeur de thèse) ; Prof. Silvana Sciarra, Univ. Florence (co-directrice de thèse) ; Prof. Dieter Sadowski, Institut für Arbeitsrecht und Arbeitsbeziehungen in der EG ; Prof. René Lasserre, Université Cergy-Pantoise
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digitised archive of EUI PhD theses completed between 2013 and 2017
Books on the topic "Layoff systems – Germany"
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Bergemann, Annette. Job stability trends, layoffs, and transitions to unemployment: An empirical analysis for West Germany. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.
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1964-, Struck Olaf, ed. Arbeit und Gerechtigkeit: Entlassungen und Lohnkürzung im Urteil der Bevölkerung. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2006.
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Hunt, Jennifer. Firing costs, employment fluctuations, and average employment: An examination of Germany. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.
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Strecker, Robert K. "Turboprämie" und Sozialplan. Frankfurt am M7ain: P. Lang, 2009.
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Heimbach, Liv. Das Verhältnis der ausserordentlichen Kündigung des Arbeitgebers zur ordentlichen Kündigung nach dem KSchG. Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2009.
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Ehlers, Merve. Personalkostenabbau durch betriebliche Bündnisse für Arbeit: Welche Gesetzesänderungen des geltenden Rechts sind zur Anpassung an die heutigen Wirtschafts- und Arbeitsbedingungen und zur Legalisierung der gängigen Rechtspraxis erforderlich? Frankfurt am Main: P. Lang, 2007.
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Stock, Wolfgang. Die Einsetzung Einer Transfergesellschaft: Unter Besonderer Beruecksichtigung Betriebsverfassungs- und Arbeitsfoerderungsrechtlicher Vorgaben. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2010.
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Constructive Dismissal: Fingierte Arbeitgeberkuendigung Im Englischen Kuendigungsschutzrecht. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2014.
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Amschler, Stephanie. Constructive Dismissal: Fingierte Arbeitgeberkuendigung Im Englischen Kuendigungsschutzrecht. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2014.
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Stock, Wolfgang. Die Einsetzung Einer Transfergesellschaft: Unter Besonderer Beruecksichtigung Betriebsverfassungs- und Arbeitsfoerderungsrechtlicher Vorgaben. Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, Peter, 2010.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Layoff systems – Germany"
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Isenmann, Ralf. "Progression in Corporate Sustainability Reporting." In Corporate Environmental Management Information Systems, 289–317. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61520-981-1.ch018.
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In corporate reporting, greater internet use, reports available on the world wide web (WWW) and movements towards a more balanced reporting approach have become the most noticeable trends since the inception of sustainability reporting in the late 1980’s and early 1990’s. While early sustainability reports merely have been available on print media, today most are accessible on the WWW as HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) files. Such a layout oriented data format, however, does not seem to be sufficient any longer, especially in terms of content-syndication, harmonization, efficiencies, future ICT requirements, stakeholders’ reporting expectations, and data exchange, be it inside and outside the companies. Hence, reference architecture for sustainability reports built on XBRL (eXtensible Businesses Reporting Language) is proposed. This development is based on a research initiative embedded in the German Environmental Informatics community. The proposed document structure within the reference architecture particularly meets the requirements of the Global Reporting Initiative’s (GRI) sustainability reporting guidelines (G3). While developing the document structure, an existing XBRL FRTA (Financial Reporting Taxonomies Architecture) - common for business financial reporting- was used. Such a unifying document structure is a key for advanced reporting systems, particularly for current ICT applications like (web) content management systems. Using the reference architecture offers an impressive array of benefits, e.g. it helps: to facilitate data exchange between reporters and report users, to improve a company’s information management, to support its reporting workflow, and to refine communication with its target groups in a meaningful way.
Conference papers on the topic "Layoff systems – Germany"
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Esch, Markus, Bernd Ju¨rgens, Antonio Hurtado, Dietrich Knoche, and Wolfgang Tietsch. "State of the Art of Helium Heat Exchanger Development for Future HTR-Projects." In Fourth International Topical Meeting on High Temperature Reactor Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/htr2008-58146.
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In Germany two HTR nuclear power plants had been built and operated, the AVR-15 and the THTR-300. Also various projects for different purposes in a large power range had been developed. The AVR-15, an experimental reactor with a power output of 15 MWel was operated for more than 20 years with excellent results. The THTR-300 was designed as a prototype demonstration plant with 300 MWel and should be the technological basis for the entire future reactor line. The THTR-300 was prematurely shut down and decommissioned because of political reasons. But because of the accompanying comprehensive R&D program and the operation time of about 5 years, the technology was proved and essential operational results were gained. The AVR steam generator was installed above the reactor core. The six THTR heat exchangers were arranged circularly around the reactor core. Both heat exchanger systems have been operated successfully and furthermore acted as a residual heat removal system. The technology knowledge and experience gained on these existing HTR plants is still available at Westinghouse Electric Germany GmbH since Westinghouse is one of the legal successors of the former German HTR companies. As a follow-up project of THTR, the HTR-500 was developed and designed up to the manufacturing stage. For this plant additionally to the 8 steam generators, two residual heat removal heat exchangers were foreseen. These were to be installed in a ring around the reactor core. All these HTRs were designed for the generation of electricity using a steam cycle. Extensive research work has also been done for advanced applications of HTR technology e.g. using a direct cycle within the HHT project or generating process heat within the framework of the PNP project. Because of the critical attitude of the German government to the nuclear power in the past 20 years in Germany there was only a very limited interest in the further development of the HTR technology. As a consequence of the German decision, at the beginning of the 90s, to phase out nuclear power completely, research and funding of further development of HTR reactor design was also cut down. Today’s HTR reactor designs, such as the PBMR in South Africa, use a direct cycle with a gas turbine. This technology is also based on the THTR technology and PBMR is a licensed party. For the HTR-PM in China and the future oil sand projects powered by HTR’s in Canada and Siberia however the use of steam generators is required. Westinghouse and Dresden University cooperate in the field of steam generator technology for HTR reactors. The existing know-how for HTR is based on a huge pool of knowledge gained by the past German HTR projects mentioned above and consists especially of the design methodology, the mechanical layout and material issues for helium heated steam generators. The project team consists of experienced specialists who have worked on HTR projects in the past and of young graduate engineers. Main goal of the project is to analyze the existing know-how and to adjust it to the state of the art. As a first step, the existing design and its methodology is being analyzed and the different points of improvement are identified. The final step of the program is the description of a new methodology which fulfills the severe requirements of the customer and all of the actual licensing conditions. One of the reasons why this project has been launched is that the requirements of life expectancy for HTR components increase and the material limits will be reached, especially at high temperatures. This implies that the design of helix heat exchangers has to allow inservice inspections; this was not a requirement for the previous THTR design. Methodologies for in-service inspections already had been developed, but they are not sufficient for today’s tube lengths and have to be adapted. Another example, based on operating experience, is using reheaters to increase the efficiency is not recommended today. Using supercritical steam conditions to increase the efficiency should be investigated instead. In general, the economic benefit has to be balanced against the additional costs resulting from better material and more complex manufacturing.
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Schmidt, Klaus D., Werner Scholz, and Hartmut Schlüter. "Gas Turbine Compressor Unit Application in Sour Gas Field Operation." In ASME 1986 International Gas Turbine Conference and Exhibit. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/86-gt-113.
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The use of sour gas as primary energy requires constant supply pressure and flow to the gas treatment plant as well as to the pipeline distribution network and consumers. During exploitation of gas fields, when the well head pressure and flow decreases, production continues at increased cost. Application of gas compression equipment is required for continuation of supply pressure and flow to the sour gas treatment plant and to customer connection flanges. The design and layout of sour gas compression equipment has to guarantee high operational availability and reliability for continuous duty. To properly select equipment for sour gas applications, including the compressor, its driver and auxiliary and ancillary systems, the specific requirements and standards have to be taken into consideration. This paper will report about a situation in the sour gas fields in the northern part of West Germany and will describe the design objectives, station layout and equipment selection for a sour gas compressor station including operating experiences.
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Strätz, Marcel, Jörg Starflinger, Rainer Mertz, Michael Seewald, Sebastian Schuster, and Dieter Brillert. "Cycle Calculations of a Small-Scale Heat Removal System With Supercritical CO2 As Working Fluid." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-66084.
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In case of an accident in a nuclear power plant with combined initiating events, (loss of ultimate heat sink and station blackout) additional heat removal system could transfer the decay heat from the core to and diverse ultimate heat sink. On additional heat removal system, which is based upon a Brayton cycle with supercritical CO2 as working fluid, is currently investigated within an EU-funded project, sCO2-HeRo (Supercritical carbon dioxide heat removal system). It shall serve as a self-launching, self-propelling and self-sustaining decay heat removal system to be used in severe accident scenarios. Since a Brayton cycle produces more electric power that it consumes, the excess electric power can be used inside the power plant, e.g. recharging batteries. A small-scale demonstrator will be attached to the PWR glass model at Gesellschaft für Simulatorforschung GfS, Essen, Germany. In order to design and build this small-scale model, cycle calculations are performed to determine the design parameters from which a layout can be derived.
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Aschenbruck, E., M. Beukenberg, M. Blaswich, and Horst Bokelmann. "The Upgraded Power Turbine for the Industrial Gas Turbine THM 1304 Development and First Operational Experience." In ASME Turbo Expo 2004: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2004-53785.
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The THM 1304 industrial gas turbine is a two shaft machine incorporating a two stage free power turbine suitable for mechanical and generator drive applications (Fig. 1). As part of an ongoing uprating and upgrading program design modifications were made to the power turbine. The aim was not only to increase power output and efficiency but also to improve on the high availability. The latest design incorporates new blades and vanes, increasing the aerodynamic efficiency and improving the high temperature endurance. Additionally, a new single piece casing and a redesigned mechanical turbine discs arrangement and shaft leads to a higher performance and optimized maintainability. The up rated turbine covers the entire nominal design load range from 9 to 14 MW and extends the available speed range compared to its predecessor. Furthermore, compatibility with the existing product range has been considered. A test program was carried out on the MAN TURBO test bed in Oberhausen, Germany to verify the achievement of the design goals. The program covered not only thermodynamic and aerodynamic measurements but also temperature and mechanical measurements. Special emphasis was put on the validation of the vibration characteristics by means of a telemetry system. Examples will highlight the development testing program in detail. The first production engine went into service at the WINGAS pipeline compression station in Reckrod, Germany. Not only the station layout but also the purpose of the station will be described. Service data registered by the installed monitoring system within the first 10,000 service hours will be discussed and the service experience with the new engine will be presented. During the in house test program the entire turbine performance map was covered.
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Donohue, Brian P. "Seattle Center Monorail Train Refurbishment Program." In ASME 2011 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2011-67021.
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Long the iconic transportation symbol of Seattle, the monorail system was constructed for the 1962 World’s Fair. Seattle’s monorail vehicles were the last and most technically advanced vehicles designed and built by the firm of Alweg-Forschung, GmbH (Alweg) of Cologne, Germany. The primary train operating systems and components were supplied by major US transit system equipment vendors of that era, including G.E., WABCO, and Rockwell. The two, 4-car train’s original layout and function generally conformed to US transit rail equipment standards and design practices of the early 1960s. However, during 45-years of near-continuous, revenue operation that included upgrades, piecemeal refurbishment projects and accident/incident repairs, many changes were made to the original design with varying levels of success and documentation. In 2007, a small team of Seattle Monorail staff and consultants identified the vehicle systems and components that were most urgently in need of replacement or overhaul given the limited funding and time available for completion of design work, preparation of contractor bid documentation and construction. Project funding was primarily via a grant from the Federal Transit Administration (FTA), supplemented by the City of Seattle. The historical significance of the Seattle Monorail was at the center of the refurbishment program, with great care in functional design, aesthetics and construction being exercised throughout the program until completion in 2010. The modernization included the installation and integration of: communications-based train control; programmable logic controllers (PLC’s) for auxiliary systems; redundancy and interlocking of key safety-related components; streamlined controls that lead to significant weight savings and increased reliability; modern components to address ADA compliance; and ergonomic Driver Cabs. This report discusses the Seattle Center Monorail Refurbishment Program given the unique opportunity to modernize two historic pieces of transportation rolling stock that is anticipated to run in revenue service for the next 45 years.
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Heide, Stephan, Christian Felsmann, Uwe Gampe, Sven Boje, Bernd Gericke, Manfred Freimark, Ulrich Langnickel, Reiner Buck, and Stefano Giuliano. "Parameterization of High Solar Share Gas Turbine Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68608.
Full textAbstract:
Existing solar thermal power plants are based on steam turbine cycles. While their process temperature is limited, solar gas turbine (GT) systems provide the opportunity to utilize solar heat at a much higher temperature. Therefore there is potential to improve the efficiency of future solar thermal power plants. Solar based heat input to substitute fuel requires specific GT features. Currently the portfolio of available GTs with these features is restricted. Only small capacity research plants are in service or in planning. Process layout and technology studies for high solar share GT systems have been carried out and have already been reported by the authors. While these investigations are based on a commercial 10MW class GT, this paper addresses the parameterization of high solar share GT systems and is not restricted to any type of commercial GT. Three configurations of solar hybrid GT cycles are analyzed. Besides recuperated and simple GT with bottoming Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), a conventional combined cycle is considered. The study addresses the GT parameterization. Therefore parametric process models are used for simulation. Maximum electrical efficiency and associated optimum compressor pressure ratio πC are derived at design conditions. The pressure losses of the additional solar components of solar hybrid GTs have a different adversely effect on the investigated systems. Further aspects like high ambient temperature, availability of water and influence of compressor pressure level on component design are discussed as well. The present study is part of the R&D project Hybrid High Solar Share Gas Turbine Systems (HYGATE) which is funded by the German Ministry for the Environment, Nature and Nuclear Safety and the Ministry of Economics and Technology.
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Bützler, J., F. Motz, A. Mertens, H. Horoufchin, C. Bröhl, N. Jochems, and C. M. Schlick. "Development of a Concept for Ergonomic Design and Work Organization of Remote Lock Operation Centers." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100702.
Full textAbstract:
A trend can be observed towards grouping and shifting local operations to centralized remote lock operation centers (RLOCs) due to costs and limitations in personnel resources and the increasing automation level of technical systems. However, safety-critical activities still require active monitoring of processes by a human operator with help of adequate technical systems and interfaces. Therefore, many video images and abstract representations must be shown simultaneously at one workplace to guarantee an all-inclusive overview. Given this situation, it has to be determined from an ergonomic point of view how many systems (e.g. lock chambers) can be controlled by one operator. Therefore, the challenge is to develop a new efficient and ergonomic control concept for RLOCs that prevents straining work conditions in terms of mental over- and underload. This control concept should enable the short-term and situation-dependent allocation of systems to operators. Moreover, prospective personnel resource planning and the design of the control panels have to be adapted to the control concept and human performance factors.The following paper presents a study covering the analysis of tasks and processes in remote lock operation centers around Germany including soft- and hardware design components in use. Based on the results, a new concept integrating ergonomic requirements for remote control and monitoring has been developed. This concept enables the assignment of optimal workload to one workplace by determining the potential straining condition within one shift. For the purpose of integrating prospective and retrospective evaluation, a practical guide for personnel management and scheduling has been developed. It includes a questionnaire and calculation specifications that can be generically adapted to other remote operation centers. In addition to the strain which is evoked by the main tasks of lock control and monitoring, it also considers the impact of additional tasks. Based on the developed concept for remote control and monitoring and in accordance with the assessed ergonomic design requirements, the control panel layout has been determined with regard to anthropometric dimensions.
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Maeding, C., L. Souverein, D. Hummel, S. Koenigbauer, A. Wagner, and J. Alting. "A preliminary design study for an expander liquid oxygen turbopump." In Progress in Propulsion Physics – Volume 11. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201911571.
Full textAbstract:
In the recent years, Airbus DS GmbH started a turbopump initiative to buildup fundamental capabilities in analyzing and designing turbomachinery within a German national funded program “TARES.” Turbomachinery is widely used in different rocket propulsion systems and include such parts as pumps and turbines. Turbines are used for generating power required by pumps in order to feed the propellants to the thrust chamber. The paper is dedicated to present an overview about currently ongoing conceptual design activities of turbomachinery covering the main design phases like TPA (TurboPump Assembly) layout tradeoff; rotational speed selection with respect to efficiency and cavitation; flow path design techniques including blade profiling; computer-aided design (CAD) work; and preliminary structural analyses. This paper presents the main outcome applying the established design logic to a liquid oxygen (LOx) turbomachinery. The component is designed based on a dedicated specification for an expander cycle type engine. This includes a LOx pump unit comprising inducer and impeller as well as a subsonic single stage reaction turbine. For the turbine drive, gaseous hydrogen (GH2) heated within the thrust chamber cooling circuit is used. Within this paper, a general overview about the preliminary work results of pump and turbine sizing, profiling, performance estimation as well as structural aspects is given.