Relevant bibliographies by topics / Layers of history

Academic literature on the topic 'Layers of history'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Layers of history"

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Zalasiewicz, Jan. "A History in Layers." Scientific American 315, no. 3 (August 16, 2016): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0916-30.

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Ream, Rebecca. "Composting Layers of Christchurch History." Genealogy 5, no. 3 (August 16, 2021): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genealogy5030074.

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This is a poetic compost story. It is a situated tale of how I gradually began to shred my fantasy of being a self-contained responsible individual so I could become a more fruitful response-able Pākehā (for the purposes of this paper, a descendant of colonial settlers or colonial settler) from Christchurch (the largest city in the South Island of New Zealand), Aotearoa (The Māori (the Indigenous people of New Zealand) name for New Zealand) New Zealand. Poetic compost storying is a way for me to turn over Donna Haraway’s composting ethico-onto-epistemology with critical family history and critical autoethnography methodologies. To this end, I, in this piece, trace how I foolishly believed that I could separate myself from my colonial family and history only to find that I was reinscribing Western fantasies of transcendence. I learnt by composting, rather than trying to escape my past, that I could become a more response-able Pākehā and family member.
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Tolmacheva, Marina, and Paul B. Henze. "Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia." African Studies Review 44, no. 3 (December 2001): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/525627.

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Davis, Muriam Haleh. "The Layers of History Beneath Algeria's Protests." Current History 118, no. 812 (December 1, 2019): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2019.118.812.337.

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Whitehead, J. D. "Sporadic E layers; history and recent observations." Advances in Space Research 10, no. 10 (January 1990): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(90)90013-p.

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McClellan, Charles W., and Paul B. Henze. "Layers of Time: A History of Ethiopia." International Journal of African Historical Studies 34, no. 2 (2001): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3097525.

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Darenskiy, Vitaliy Yu. "A.S. Pushkin’s “History of Peter I” as the History of Disappointment." Almanac “Essays on Conservatism” 3 (July 30, 2022): 199–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.24030/24092517-2022-0-3-199-217.

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The article analyzes the preparatory materials for the never-written “History of Peter I” by A.S. Pushkin, which are of great interest as an important evidence of Russian historical thought. The analysis of Pushkin’s theses and the selection of material shows his exposure of the “Peter’s legend” (I. Solonevich) about the “great reformer”. In Pushkin’s narrative about Peter I, two different content and semantic “layers” can be found: 1) the event-pragmatic “layer”, in which this tsar in fact acts as a “reformer” and therefore a priori should be viewed positively; 2) the moral and religious layer, in which Peter I also acts in fact as an anti-Christian force and thus, anti-people – and therefore a priori should be considered negatively. This methodological conflict, first manifested in Pushkin’s texts about Peter I, later becomes decisive for the Russian historical consciousness in its relation to individual historical figures.
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Glausiusz, Josie. "Pulling back layers of history, culture and identity." Nature 582, no. 7811 (June 2020): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-01697-8.

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Bobke, A., R. Vinuesa, R. Örlü, and P. Schlatter. "History effects and near equilibrium in adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 820 (May 12, 2017): 667–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.236.

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Turbulent boundary layers under adverse pressure gradients are studied using well-resolved large-eddy simulations (LES) with the goal of assessing the influence of the streamwise pressure-gradient development. Near-equilibrium boundary layers were characterized through the Clauser pressure-gradient parameter $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$. In order to fulfil the near-equilibrium conditions, the free stream velocity was prescribed such that it followed a power-law distribution. The turbulence statistics pertaining to cases with a constant value of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ (extending up to approximately 40 boundary-layer thicknesses) were compared with cases with non-constant $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ distributions at matched values of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ and friction Reynolds number $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D70F}}$. An additional case at matched Reynolds number based on displacement thickness $Re_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}^{\ast }}$ was also considered. It was noticed that non-constant $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ cases appear to approach the conditions of equivalent constant $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ cases after long streamwise distances (approximately 7 boundary-layer thicknesses). The relevance of the constant $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ cases lies in the fact that they define a ‘canonical’ state of the boundary layer, uniquely characterized by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ and $Re$. The investigations on the flat plate were extended to the flow around a wing section overlapping in terms of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ and $Re$. Comparisons with the flat-plate cases at matched values of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ and $Re$ revealed that the different development history of the turbulent boundary layer on the wing section leads to a less pronounced wake in the mean velocity as well as a weaker second peak in the Reynolds stresses. This is due to the weaker accumulated effect of the $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FD}$ history. Furthermore, a scaling law suggested by Kitsios et al. (Intl J. Heat Fluid Flow, vol. 61, 2016, pp. 129–136), proposing the edge velocity and the displacement thickness as scaling parameters, was tested on two constant-pressure-gradient parameter cases. The mean velocity and Reynolds-stress profiles were found to be dependent on the downstream development. The present work is the first step towards assessing history effects in adverse-pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layers and highlights the fact that the values of the Clauser pressure-gradient parameter and the Reynolds number are not sufficient to characterize the state of the boundary layer.
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Vlassopoulos, Kostas. "Greek History." Greece and Rome 61, no. 2 (September 12, 2014): 272–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017383514000114.

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Two important recent books re-examine long-standing orthodoxies which have come under fire in recent decades. Julia Kindt challenges the orthodox model of Greek religion which has put thepolisas its central organizing principle, as manifested in the work of Christianne Sourvinou-Inwood and the Paris school. The book combines methodological and theoretical discussion with a series of case studies ranging from the Archaic period to the Second Sophistic. Kindt does not deny the value of thepolis-centred model for major aspects of Greek religious life; rather, her main disagreement is that it creates simplistic polarities and leaves aside or treats as exceptions many important aspects of Greek religion. While thepolismodel sees religion as embedded in the structures of thepolis, Kindt argues persuasively for the need to conceptualize Greek religion as a series of interrelated but distinct layers. She rightly stresses the autonomy of religion as a symbolic and figural system; and she emphasizes the significance of personal experience and agency and the ways in which practices such as magic illustrate the multiple links between personal experience and agency and the religious community of thepolis. Finally, of particular significance is her challenge to the standard polarity of local versus Panhellenic and the need to adopt a wider spectrum of layers and identities.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Layers of history"

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STEVENSON, MATTHEW D. "POST-INDUSTRIAL PALIMPSEST: MAINTAINING PLACE AND LAYERS OF HISTORY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1084987813.

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Stevenson, Matthew D. "Post-industrial palimpsest maintaining place and layers of history /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=ucin1084987813.

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Jones, Michael David. "Effects of Disturbance History on Forest Soil Characteristics in the Southern Appalachian Mountains." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35213.

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Minimally disturbed virgin forest soils in the Little Santeetlah Creek (LSC) watershed of western North Carolina were sampled along with soils from the adjacent disturbed Slickrock Creek (SRC) watershed. Soils with similar elevation/landform/vegetation/parent material characteristics were initially sampled at nine random locations each on north and south aspects within each watershed with a soil push probe. Some differences in parent materials were noted on south aspects (metasandstone vs. phyllite), but parent materials under north aspect soils were identical (metasandstone). Soils in LSC were significantly deeper and relatively free of solum coarse fragments while SRC soils were shallower and higher in coarse fragments. Subsequent auger observations of three typical pedons on each aspect indicated that soils in LSC were well-developed with gradual horizon boundaries and common diffuse transition horizons, while soils in SRC were more compact in horizonation and lacked diffuse transitional horizons. Vegetation communities were similar across both watersheds, except that SRC south sites were higher in Pinus spp. Litter layer morphology differed strongly between the two watersheds. Specifically, well-developed humus (H) layers were typical in LSC, but completely absent in all typical pedons described in SRC. Data obtained from these two watersheds indicate strong differences in surface soil (O + A horizon) properties between the two. These observed differences could be due to differential anthropogenic effects, particularly logging and associated erosion in the early 1920's. However, further study over multiple disturbed watersheds in the region, and of the distribution of sediments and colluvium within them would be required to test this hypothesis.
Master of Science
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Smith, Miriam E. "Design of Bridging Layers in Geosynthetic-Reinforced Column-Supported Embankments." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28260.

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Column-supported geosynthetic-reinforced embankments have great potential for application in soft ground conditions when there is a need to accelerate construction and/or protect adjacent facilities from the settlement that would otherwise be induced by the new embankment load. The columns in column-supported embankments can be driven piles, vibro-concrete columns, deep-mixing-method columns, stone columns, or any other suitable type of column. A bridging layer consisting of several feet of sand or sand and gravel is also used to help transfer the embankment load to the columns. Geosynthetic reinforcement is often employed in bridging layers to enhance load transfer to the columns and increase the spacing between columns. Several methods have been developed to calculate the load on the geosynthetic reinforcement, but the calculated loads differ by over an order of magnitude in some cases, and there is not agreement on which method is correct. In this research, a new method was developed for calculating the load on the geosynthetic reinforcement. The new method employs one of the existing mechanistically-based approaches, and combines it with consideration of the stiffnesses of the embankment, geosynthetic, column, and subgrade soil. The new method was verified against the results of a large numerical parameter study, for which the numerical procedures themselves were verified against closed-form solutions for membranes, pilot-scale experiments, and instrumented field case histories. The results of the numerical analyses and the new calculation procedure indicate that the net vertical load on the portion of the geosynthetic reinforcement between columns increases with increasing clear spacing between columns and increasing geosynthetic stiffness. The net vertical load on the geosynthetic decreases with increasing stiffness and strength of the foundation and embankment soils and with increasing elevation of the geosynthetic above the top of the columns or pile caps. A key finding of the research is that, if the subgrade support is good, geosynthetic reinforcement does not have a significant effect on system performance. The new calculation procedure is implemented in an easy-to-use spreadsheet, and recommendations for designing geosynthetic-reinforced bridging layers are provided.
Ph. D.
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Jordi, Rupert Benjamin. "Re-presenting layers of history in the "natural landscape": an architectural exposition of the Silvermine Reservoir." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22758.

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The story of how a particular place came to be is more than the knowledge of a chronology of events; it is intimately part of our experience of that place. By knowing even a little of the history of a place, our perception of that place is transformed. In Historical Ground, John Dixon Hunt uses the term historical ground to refer to the notion that memories, tales, myths, and historical artefacts adhere to a place. The question Hunt then asks is how an existing site, and its tales, may be told through the medium of architecture, or landscape architecture. The idea that each site accumulates histories which may be revealed through architecture, is the basis for my own investigation. In the context of the Cape Peninsula mountain range, I am interested in seeking out and revealing particular historical narratives through the medium of architectural intervention. This report traces the journey of my design research project from my broader interests in the history of the mountain range; through the clarification of my architectural intentions; to my initial siting and programming strategies; and finally to my first ideas about making architecture in this context. I would describe this process as one of walking, finding, linking, and ultimately responding. This report introduces several key elements which underpin my research project. These elements (or layers) are: mountain (my general site of inquiry); pathways (how movement is linked to memory and meaning); earth (a technical study of the encounter between earth and architecture); fire (and its effects on the landscape); water (a resource with a story); and the wall (an historical piece of infrastructure). Each of these elements guides the reader through my research process and highlights certain found histories and artefacts along the way. As each element is presented, my research hones in on one particular place in the landscape, which is ultimately the site of my design investigation. This site, with the addition of a final artefact (a found brief), becomes the site of an architectural proposition which seeks to engage and link all of these elements together.
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Bobke, Alexandra. "Simulations of turbulent boundary layers with suction and pressure gradients." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Linné Flow Center, FLOW, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-185275.

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The focus of the present licentiate thesis is on the effect of suction and pressure gradients on turbulent boundary-layer flows, which are investigated separately through performing numerical simulations.The first part aims at assessing history and development effects on adverse pressure-gradient (APG) turbulent boundary layers (TBL). A suitable set-up was developed to study near-equilibrium conditions for a boundary layer developingon a flat plate by setting the free-stream velocity at the top of the domain following a power law. The computational box size and the correct definition of the top-boundary condition were systematically tested. Well-resolved large-eddy simulations were performed to keep computational costs low. By varying the free-stream velocity distribution parameters, e.g. power-law exponent and virtual origin, pressure gradients of different strength and development were obtained. The magnitude of the pressure gradient is quantified in terms of the Clauser pressure-gradient parameter β. The effect of the APG is closely related to its streamwise development, hence, TBLs with non-constant and constant β were investigated. The effect was manifested in the mean flow through a much more pronounced wake region and in the Reynolds stresses through the existence of an outer peak. The terms of the turbulent kinetic energy budgets indicate the influence of the APG on the distribution of the transfer mechanism across the boundary layer. Stronger and more energetic structures were identified in boundary layers with relatively stronger pressure gradients in their development history. Due to the difficulty of determining the boundary-layer thickness in flows with strong pressure gradients or over a curvedsurface, a new method based on the diagnostic-plot concept was introduced to obtain a robust estimation of the edge of a turbulent boundary layer. In the second part, large-eddy simulations were performed on temporally developing turbulent asymptotic suction boundary layers (TASBLs). Findings from previous studies about the effect of suction could be confirmed, e.g. the reduction of the fluctuation levels and Reynolds shear stresses. Furthermore, the importance of the size of the computational domain and the time development were investigated. Both parameters were found to have a large impact on the results even on low-order statistics. While the mean velocity profile collapses in the inner layer irrespective of box size and development time, a wake region occurs for too small box sizes or early development time and vanishes once sufficiently large domains and/or integration times are chosen. The asymptotic state is charactersized by surprisingly thick boundary layers even for moderateReynolds numbers Re (based on free-stream velocity and laminar displacement thickness); for instance, Re = 333 gives rise to a friction Reynolds number Reτ = 2000. Similarly, the flow gives rise to very large structures in the outer region. These findings have important ramifications for experiments, since very large facilities are required to reach the asymptotic state even for low Reynolds numbers.

QC 20160418

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Barwick, Emily Moran. "Layers of the LapDance Scholarship: conception & foundational thought processes, history, development, & issues inherent therein and arising therefrom." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2012. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3563.

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The LapDance Scholarship was conceived in November of 2009, opened for applications in December 2010, and awarded its final scholarship in October 2012. The Scholarship has been awarded to ten recipients for the funding of their art projects. The total monies awarded totals $2,886. The Scholarship was created by Hailey Jude Minder and administered by Emily Moran Barwick. Part of its inspiration was the idea of funding something as decidedly "high brow" as fine art with something as decidedly "low brow" as lap dancing (to borrow from the chosen vernacular of the high court justices of New York in their recent ruling). The LapDance Scholarship was open to any Iowa City resident, and was awarded on a monthly basis. All applications were submitted through the blog lapdancescholarship.blogspot.com. The Scholarship is a multi-faceted project that has spanned three years, involved thousands of hours of labor, and funded ten artistic endeavors with both local and international applications. While the Scholarship itself is simple in its premise (artist applies, artist is chosen, Hailey performs lap dances, Hailey gets money, money is given to artist), the history, development, and inherent implications and issues of the Scholarship are anything but. In the following pages, I attempt to offer some of the layers of this project. I will delve into the history and development of the Scholarship as well some of the foundational thought processes underlying its conception and issues sparked by its existence. I do not claim to have produced an exhaustive analysis on all of the various elements arising from and inherent within the Scholarship, but rather an intimate view of certain aspects, moments, and thoughts. I have intentionally left out any hard and fast conclusions. I find that approach neither productive nor realistically possible. Nothing here is black and white, including my own identity and position. I am so personally entwined with this project, as it has come, literally, from my body and mind, that I cannot successfully separate myself as an objective viewer and analyst. Nor can I fully separate Emily and Hailey. So I offer you instances, layers, windows in. I offer you select parts, allow you to look, touch, consider. I offer you some of what I have to give. I offer you some, but not all.
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Okuno, Mitsuru. "Accelerator Mass Spectrometric Radiocarbon Chronology during the Last 30,000 Years of the Aira Caldera, Southern Kyushu, Japan." 名古屋大学年代測定資料研究センター 天然放射性元素測定小委員会, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/13346.

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Byrne, Shane Brown Michael E. "History and current processes of the Martian polar layered deposits /." Diss., Pasadena, Calif. : California Institute of Technology, 2003. http://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechETD:etd-05292003-140024.

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Brereton, Ashley. "Phytoplankton aggregations in a turbulent boundary layer." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/15833/.

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Phytoplankton aggregations come in a wide range of space and time scales and, as such, simulating such behavior is computationally restrictive. I present a Large-eddy simulation of the upper mixed layer, resolving scales of o(1m). I then show how aggregations are promoted by nutrient upwellings (something which macroscale models struggle to emulate), facilitated primarily by Langmuir circulations. I then demonstrate how certain levels of turbulent mixing encourage planktonic thin layering, a phenomenon which is widely observed.
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Books on the topic "Layers of history"

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Henze, Paul B. Layers of time: A history of Ethiopia. London: Hurst & Co., 2000.

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Layers of time: A history of Ethiopia. Addis Ababa: Shama Books, 2004.

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Layers of time: A history of Ethiopia. New York: St. Martin's Press, 2000.

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Henderson, T. Kathleen. Layers of history: The archaeology of Heritage Square. [Phoenix, Ariz.]: Pueblo Grande Museum, 1995.

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Tesar, Heinz. Heinz Tesar: Architecture of layers : nine recent works. Stuttgart: A. Menges, 2008.

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Layers of power: Societies and institutions in Europe. Pisa: PLUS-Pisa University Press, 2010.

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Layers of loyalty in Latin panegyric, AD 289-307. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

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Graff, Nancy Price. Visible layers of time: A perspective on the history and architecture of Johnson, Vermont. [Burlington?]: Published by the University of Vermont Historic Preservation Program, Dept. of History, University of Vermont in cooperation with the Vermont Studio School and Colony, 1990.

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Spalding, Tom. Layers: The design, history and meaning of public street signage in Cork and other Irish cities. Dublin: Associated Editions, 2013.

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Knowledge and technology in seventeenth-century China: Unfolding the layers of the Tiangong kaiwu. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 2011.

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Book chapters on the topic "Layers of history"

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Mirtalebi, Mohsen. "The History of Layers Architecture." In Embedded Systems Architecture for Agile Development, 1–25. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3051-0_1.

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Hall, Robert A. "Layers of Linguistics." In Studies in the History of the Language Sciences, 167. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sihols.61.10hal.

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Whitt, Phillip. "Layers, Channels, Paths, and Undo History." In Practical Glimpse, 33–59. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-6327-3_2.

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Nakazono, Nagayoshi, Kazuo Misue, and Jiro Tanaka. "IdeaCrepe: Creativity Support Tool with History Layers." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 843–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11893011_107.

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Glass, Billy P., and Bruce M. Simonson. "Distal Impact Ejecta Layers and Earth History." In Impact Studies, 595–624. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88262-6_11.

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Tamashiro, Roy. "The Layers of Oral Histories at Memorial Museums." In Oral History and Qualitative Methodologies, 131–50. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003127192-11.

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Umamaheshwari, R. "On Mapping the Layers of Community Histories: Some Concluding Remarks." In Reading History with the Tamil Jainas, 299–304. New Delhi: Springer India, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3756-3_5.

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Jucker, Andreas H., Daniela Landert, Annina Seiler, and Nicole Studer-Joho. "Uncovering layers of meaning in the history of the English language." In Studies in Language Companion Series, 1–16. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.148.01juc.

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Yaremko, Jason M. "‘Frontier Indians’: ‘Indios Mansos,’ ‘Indios Bravos,’ and the Layers of Indigenous Existence in the Caribbean Borderlands." In Borderlands in World History, 1700–1914, 217–36. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137320582_11.

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Johnston, Andrew James. "Anachronic Entanglements: Archaeological Traces and the Event in Beowulf." In Bioarchaeology and Social Theory, 97–112. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03956-0_4.

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AbstractThis article provides a reading of archaeological traces in Beowulf that shows how the epic deals with and makes use of the notion of an always-already absent presence not in the singular, but in the plural. Through negotiating the notion of the trace, the epic produces a palimpsestic interplay between various levels and layers of absence-cum-presence—layers of temporality that are imagined, however, in very material terms. This layered, archaeological idea of temporality contributes to generating a complex notion of history. In particular, this article is interested in the ways in which, within the poem, the networks of traces associated with a given object may, in fact, help to constitute a specific concept of the historical event. In Beowulf, this essay argues, a historical event is characterized as such through the particular density and complexity of the entangled traces that mark it in a manner that resembles what Carolyn Dinshaw has called ‘multiple temporalities’. The epic thus conceives of an event in terms of a node that binds together a multiplicity of traces, and hence, a multiplicity of entangled temporalities.
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Conference papers on the topic "Layers of history"

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Zgonić, Aida Idrizbegović, Jasenka Čakarić, and Slađana Miljanović. "From layers of history to a fading memory." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 10TH WORKSHOP ON METALLIZATION AND INTERCONNECTION FOR CRYSTALLINE SILICON SOLAR CELLS. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0105604.

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Kim, In Tai, and Erol Tutumluer. "Rutting Evaluation of Airport Pavement Granular Layers Considering Stress History Effects." In Airfield and Highway Pavements Specialty Conference 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40838(191)48.

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Craig, David P., and Chad Eric Odegard. "Identifying Bypassed and Ineffectively Stimulated Layers In A Well With Commingled Production From Multiple Layers: Mesaverde Case History." In SPE Unconventional Reservoirs Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/114777-ms.

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Sullivan, James, Michael Twardowski, Percy Donaghay, Jan Rines, Malcolm McFarland, Siddharth Talapatra, Joseph Katz, James Churnside, and Alan Weidemann. "Biological thin layers: history, ecological significance and consequences to oceanographic sensing systems." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Weilin W. Hou and Robert Arnone. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.921156.

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Kovaleva, N. "THE SIGNATURE OF CLIMATE HISTORY IN THE CULTURAL LAYERS OF CRIMEA MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENTS." In Man and Nature. Socio-natural interaction in the world-historical process. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1950.s-n_history_2020_43/92-97.

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Moser, Daniel, Scott Fish, Joseph Beaman, and Jayathi Murthy. "Multi-Layer Computational Modeling of Selective Laser Sintering Processes." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37535.

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Selective laser sintering (SLS) is an additive manufacturing technique able to rapidly create parts directly from a CAD model using a laser to selectively fuse successive layers of powder. However, defects can arise in SLS parts due to incomplete fusion of the powder layers or thermal stresses introduced by large temperature gradients during the part build. Accurate models of the SLS process are needed to ensure that high quality parts are produced and to allow new materials and designs to be used without requiring extensive experimentation. Most existing models of the SLS process are very narrowly focused, predicting the temperature history of a single powder layer after a single laser pass or examining the impact of a few processing parameters on the properties of the produced part. A model capable of predicting a complete temperature history during an entire part build does not yet exist. Therefore, a new thermal model able to simulate multiple powder layers is proposed. A transient, three-dimensional, finite volume model is developed and implemented in ANSYS Fluent. A domain of cells representing multiple layers of an SLS build is initialized, some with the properties of air and some with the properties of powder, depending on cell location. A Gaussian heat source representing the laser is applied to the top layer of powder cells. The center of the Gaussian is varied with time along an established path to simulate the motion of the laser along the powder bed. At all times the three-dimensional heat equation is solved to produce a temperature profile of the powder bed. When the laser completes a full scan of the powder layer, the air cells directly above the powder layer are re-initialized as powder cells and re-set to an initial temperature, representing the addition of a new powder layer. The process is repeated for each new layer. Temperature history results from the model are validated against experimental data available in the literature and good agreement is obtained. As the model accounts for multiple powder layers, it can be used to simulate an entire part build and predict the impact of any of the SLS processing parameters on part quality and thus enable better control and optimization of the SLS process.
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Nuutinen, Laura H., Minna S. Tiainen, Mika E. Virtanen, and Risto S. Laitinen. "Coatings on Bed Particles From FB-Combustion of Different Biomasses." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-008.

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The FB-combustion of several biomass fuels (bark, wood in different forms, biosludge, chicken litter, REF and forest residue) with different bed materials (quartz, natural sand, and recently introduced GR Granule) has been studied in this work. The bed samples have been collected during the laboratory, pilot, and full scale tests. The chemical composition of the coating layers and agglomerates were characterized by SEM-EDX. Line scans, point analyses, and X-ray maps were used to characterize the coating layers further. It was observed that the chemical composition of the coating of the bed particles depends both on the fuel type and on the bed material. The thickness of coating layers was also dependent on fuel and combustion history. The coatings were often seen to contain several superimposed layers. The innermost layer mainly contained alkali silicates, whereas the outermost layer was calcium-rich or magnesium-rich. In some cases the coating layers seem to protect the bed particles from agglomeration.
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Khalaf, Mina S., Ahmed H. El-Banbi, and M. H. Sayyouh. "Use of Deconvolution for Pressure Transient Analysis in Layered Reservoirs – A New Method." In SPE Reservoir Characterisation and Simulation Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/212652-ms.

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Summary Many reservoirs exhibit multilayer behavior. Multilayer oil/gas reservoirs are usually classified as (1) systems with formation crossflow and (2) systems without formation crossflow (commingled systems). The focus in this work is the analysis of pressure transient data of commingled layers. Pressure transient analysis for multilayer reservoirs to estimate individual layer properties is usually difficult and suffers from many limiting assumptions. The available interpretation methods are usually based on a subjectively presumed model (usually homogenous and isotropic layers, and radial infinite reservoirs) that has many unknown parameters (e.g., permeabilities and skin factors) to be estimated through a history matching process. The individual layer properties obtained from such analysis methods may not be reliable. The reliable way to evaluate individual layers’ characteristics is to isolate and test each layer separately, which is challenging due to high costs and occasional operational constraints. In this work, we suggest a testing procedure and an analysis approach to analyze well test data of commingled reservoirs that allows reliable characterization of individual layers. The approach benefits from modern deconvolution techniques to eliminate the rate variation (rate transients) effects from the bottom-hole pressure signal acquired during the test. The methodology presented does not make assumptions about the individual layer reservoir models and recovers distinct pressure signals of the individual layers. The recovered pressure signals of each layer are also free of wellbore storage (WBS) effects. In addition, the individual layers’ pressure signals are stretched over the whole test duration (both drawdown and buildup periods). Successful application of deconvolution requires complete sandface rate data of the individual layers in the commingled system. However, the continuous measurement of individual layers sandface rates is usually not available. A simple model is introduced in this work to make good estimations of the layer rate profile using few measurements of the production logging tool (PLT). The developed rate profiles are then used in deconvolution and individual layer's pressure signal can be recovered for further analysis. The approach was verified against simulated cases with variety of layer models. The results obtained from the developed approach are in good agreement with the true solution. The findings of this study can be used to characterize commingled reservoir systems and determine the individual layers properties. It has applications in optimizing injection/production well performance of commingled systems.
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LI, JUN-BAO, and WEI-BING LI. "ENERGY RELEASE CHARACTERISTICS OF LAYERED CHARGE ENVELOPED BY ALUMINUM POWDER/RUBBER MATRIX COMPOSITE." In 32ND INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BALLISTICS. Destech Publications, Inc., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36077.

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To investigate the energy release characteristics of layered charge enveloped by aluminum powder/rubber matrix composite, the composites containing aluminum diameter D of 1μm, 10μm and 50μm were prepared and the confined explosion experiments for charges with layer/explosive ratios of 0.39, 0.68 and 1.52 were carried out in a 1.3-m3 explosion chamber. The tungsten-rhenium thermocouple was used to measure the internal explosion temperature history within the chamber. It is revealed that the measured temperature was enhenced with the increase of mass of outer layers. When the ratio increased from 0.39 to 0.68 and 1.52, the peak temperature increased from 329K to 517K and 882K, respectively. It is revealed that the excessive mass of layers are not conducive to the full release of energy generated from combustion. It is found that the layer with an aluminum powder size of 10μm exhibits the best effect on raising the temperature after the explosion, indicating that the medium-sized aluminum powder can fully react with detonation product and release more heat, which is beneficial to realizing the thermal radiation damage.
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Silva, Thiago M. D., Abelardo Barreto, and Sinesio Pesco. "Uncertainty Quantification in Reservoir History Matching Using the Ensemble Smoother." In XXXII Conference on Graphics, Patterns and Images. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação - SBC, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/sibgrapi.est.2019.8335.

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Ensemble-based methods have been widely used in uncertainty quantification, particularly, in reservoir history matching. The search for a more robust method which holds high nonlinear problems is the focus for this area. The Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) is a popular tool for these problems, but studies have noticed uncertainty in the results of the final ensemble, high dependent on the initial ensemble. The Ensemble Smoother (ES) is an alternative, with an easier impletation and low computational cost. However, it presents the same problem as the EnKF. The Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation (ES-MDA) seems to be a good alternative to these ensemble-based methods, once it assimilates tha same data multiple times. In this work, we analyze the efficiency of the Ensemble Smoother and the Ensemble Smoother with multiple data assimilation in a reservoir histoy matching of a turbidite model with 3 layers, considering permeability estimation and data mismatch.
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Reports on the topic "Layers of history"

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Sarker, Priyanka, and Erol Tutumluer. A Stress-history-based Approach for Predicting Deformation Potentials of Granular Base and Subbase Layers in Airport Pavements. Illinois Center for Transportation, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-013.

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Thompson, Stephen, Brigitte Rohwerder, and Clement Arockiasamy. Freedom of Religious Belief and People with Disabilities: A Case Study of People with Disabilities from Religious Minorities in Chennai, India. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/creid.2021.003.

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India has a unique and complex religious history, with faith and spirituality playing an important role in everyday life. Hinduism is the majority religion, and there are many minority religions. India also has a complicated class system and entrenched gender structures. Disability is another important identity. Many of these factors determine people’s experiences of social inclusion or exclusion. This paper explores how these intersecting identities influence the experience of inequality and marginalisation, with a particular focus on people with disabilities from minority religious backgrounds. A participatory qualitative methodology was employed in Chennai, to gather case studies that describe in-depth experiences of participants. Our findings show that many factors that make up a person’s identity intersect in India and impact how someone is included or excluded by society, with religious minority affiliation, caste, disability status, and gender all having the potential to add layers of marginalisation. These various identity factors, and how individuals and society react to them, impact on how people experience their social existence. Identity factors that form the basis for discrimination can be either visible or invisible, and discrimination may be explicit or implicit. Despite various legal and human rights frameworks at the national and international level that aim to prevent marginalisation, discrimination based on these factors is still prevalent in India. While some tokenistic interventions and schemes are in place to overcome marginalisation, such initiatives often only focus on one factor of identity, rather than considering intersecting factors. People with disabilities continue to experience exclusion in all aspects of their lives. Discrimination can exist both between, as well as within, religious communities, and is particularly prevalent in formal environments. Caste-based exclusion continues to be a major problem in India. The current socioeconomic environment and political climate can be seen to perpetuate marginalisation based on these factors. However, when people are included in society, regardless of belonging to a religious minority, having a disability, or being a certain caste, the impact on their life can be very positive.
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Karlstrom, Karl, Laura Crossey, Allyson Matthis, and Carl Bowman. Telling time at Grand Canyon National Park: 2020 update. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285173.

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Grand Canyon National Park is all about time and timescales. Time is the currency of our daily life, of history, and of biological evolution. Grand Canyon’s beauty has inspired explorers, artists, and poets. Behind it all, Grand Canyon’s geology and sense of timelessness are among its most prominent and important resources. Grand Canyon has an exceptionally complete and well-exposed rock record of Earth’s history. It is an ideal place to gain a sense of geologic (or deep) time. A visit to the South or North rims, a hike into the canyon of any length, or a trip through the 277-mile (446-km) length of Grand Canyon are awe-inspiring experiences for many reasons, and they often motivate us to look deeper to understand how our human timescales of hundreds and thousands of years overlap with Earth’s many timescales reaching back millions and billions of years. This report summarizes how geologists tell time at Grand Canyon, and the resultant “best” numeric ages for the canyon’s strata based on recent scientific research. By best, we mean the most accurate and precise ages available, given the dating techniques used, geologic constraints, the availability of datable material, and the fossil record of Grand Canyon rock units. This paper updates a previously-published compilation of best numeric ages (Mathis and Bowman 2005a; 2005b; 2007) to incorporate recent revisions in the canyon’s stratigraphic nomenclature and additional numeric age determinations published in the scientific literature. From bottom to top, Grand Canyon’s rocks can be ordered into three “sets” (or primary packages), each with an overarching story. The Vishnu Basement Rocks were once tens of miles deep as North America’s crust formed via collisions of volcanic island chains with the pre-existing continent between 1,840 and 1,375 million years ago. The Grand Canyon Supergroup contains evidence for early single-celled life and represents basins that record the assembly and breakup of an early supercontinent between 729 and 1,255 million years ago. The Layered Paleozoic Rocks encode stories, layer by layer, of dramatic geologic changes and the evolution of animal life during the Paleozoic Era (period of ancient life) between 270 and 530 million years ago. In addition to characterizing the ages and geology of the three sets of rocks, we provide numeric ages for all the groups and formations within each set. Nine tables list the best ages along with information on each unit’s tectonic or depositional environment, and specific information explaining why revisions were made to previously published numeric ages. Photographs, line drawings, and diagrams of the different rock formations are included, as well as an extensive glossary of geologic terms to help define important scientific concepts. The three sets of rocks are separated by rock contacts called unconformities formed during long periods of erosion. This report unravels the Great Unconformity, named by John Wesley Powell 150 years ago, and shows that it is made up of several distinct erosion surfaces. The Great Nonconformity is between the Vishnu Basement Rocks and the Grand Canyon Supergroup. The Great Angular Unconformity is between the Grand Canyon Supergroup and the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. Powell’s term, the Great Unconformity, is used for contacts where the Vishnu Basement Rocks are directly overlain by the Layered Paleozoic Rocks. The time missing at these and other unconformities within the sets is also summarized in this paper—a topic that can be as interesting as the time recorded. Our goal is to provide a single up-to-date reference that summarizes the main facets of when the rocks exposed in the canyon’s walls were formed and their geologic history. This authoritative and readable summary of the age of Grand Canyon rocks will hopefully be helpful to National Park Service staff including resource managers and park interpreters at many levels of geologic understandings...
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Kim, Jae-Jin, Hyoeun Kim, Sewon Kim, and Gerardo Reyes-Tagle. A Roadmap for Digitalization of Tax Systems: Lessons from Korea. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004195.

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This publication reviews the history of digitalization of tax administration in Korea dating back to the 1990s and shares the countrys experience and know-how in building an efficient e-taxation architecture. Its main emphasis is on how the Korean government managed to make the best use of a wide range of taxpayer information efficiently and securely. It highlights information security and presents three case studies of an institutional framework for using third-party data: tax schemes for credit card usage, a cash receipt system, and e-invoicing. It then lays out a range of policy implications for consideration by tax authorities in the Latin American and Caribbean region.
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Bortz, Tyler, Molly Davis, and Ryan Manuel. Plant community composition and structure monitoring at Fort Laramie National Historic Site: 2020 data report. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293003.

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This report presents the results of vegetation monitoring efforts in 2020 at Fort Laramie National Historic Site (FOLA) by the Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS). This was the tenth year of combined monitoring efforts. Crew members from USGS visited 9 long-term monitoring plots to collect data on the plant communities at FOLA. This work is part of a long-term monitoring effort designed to provide a better understanding of the condition of the vegetation community at FOLA and how it changes over time. USGS staff measured species richness, herb-layer height, native and non-native species abundance, ground cover, and site disturbance at each of the nine plots. In plots where woody species were present, tree regeneration, tall shrub density, tree density, and woody fuel loads were also measured. Data collection at seven plots was incomplete, where only point-intercept, site disturbance, and invasive species presence data were collected, while in two plots the previously listed protocols as well as the quadrat protocol were performed. In 2020, the monitoring crews identified 44 unique plant species in 9 monitoring plots. Of those species, 19 were exotic species. In a majority of plots (5 of 9), there was a greater percent of native species cover compared to exotic species cover. However, exotic plants were found at every plot in FOLA. No rare species were observed during our surveys
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Maier, Anna, and Deanna Niebuhr. California Community Schools Partnership Program: A Transformational Opportunity for Whole Child Education. Learning Policy Institute, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54300/806.436.

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The historic $3 billion investment in the California Community Schools Partnership Program provides an opportunity to transform schools into community hubs that deliver a whole child education. This brief examines key elements of the new law. It then lays out evidence-based principles of high-quality community schools implementation that are grounded in the four researchbacked pillars included in statute and aligned with the science of learning and development. It concludes with a discussion of the technical assistance needed for high-quality implementation.
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Russell, H. A. J., and S. K. Frey. Canada One Water: integrated groundwater-surface-water-climate modelling for climate change adaptation. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329092.

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Canada 1 Water is a 3-year governmental multi-department-private-sector-academic collaboration to model the groundwater-surface-water of Canada coupled with historic climate and climate scenario input. To address this challenge continental Canada has been allocated to one of 6 large watershed basins of approximately two million km2. The model domains are based on natural watershed boundaries and include approximately 1 million km2 of the United States. In year one (2020-2021) data assembly and validation of some 20 datasets (layers) is the focus of work along with conceptual model development. To support analysis of the entire water balance the modelling framework consists of three distinct components and modelling software. Land Surface modelling with the Community Land Model will support information needed for both the regional climate modelling using the Weather Research & Forecasting model (WRF), and input to HydroGeoSphere for groundwater-surface-water modelling. The inclusion of the transboundary watersheds will provide a first time assessment of water resources in this critical international domain. Modelling is also being integrated with Remote Sensing datasets, notably the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). GRACE supports regional scale watershed analysis of total water flux. GRACE along with terrestrial time-series data will serve provide validation datasets for model results to ensure that the final project outputs are representative and reliable. The project has an active engagement and collaborative effort underway to try and maximize the long-term benefit of the framework. Much of the supporting model datasets will be published under open access licence to support broad usage and integration.
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Christensen, Martin-Brehm, Christian Hallum, Alex Maitland, Quentin Parrinello, Chiara Putaturo, Dana Abed, Carlos Brown, Anthony Kamande, Max Lawson, and Susana Ruiz. Survival of the Richest: How we must tax the super-rich now to fight inequality. Oxfam, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2023.621477.

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We are living through an unprecedented moment of multiple crises. Tens of millions more people are facing hunger. Hundreds of millions more face impossible rises in the cost of basic goods or heating their homes. Poverty has increased for the first time in 25 years. At the same time, these multiple crises all have winners. The very richest have become dramatically richer and corporate profits have hit record highs, driving an explosion of inequality. This report focuses on how taxing the rich is vital to addressing this unprecedented polycrisis and skyrocketing inequality. The report explores how, in recent history, taxation of the richest was far higher; how talk of taxing the rich and making billionaires pay their fair share is hugely popular; and how taxing the rich claws back elite power and reduces not just economic inequality, but racial, gender and colonial inequalities, too. The report lays out how much tax the richest should pay, and the practical, tried and tested ways in which governments can raise such taxation. It shows us how taxing the rich can set us clearly on a path to a more equal, sustainable world free from poverty.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/5jchdy.

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Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.
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Yilmaz, Ihsan, Raja M. Ali Saleem, Mahmoud Pargoo, Syaza Shukri, Idznursham Ismail, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism, Cyberspace and Digital Authoritarianism in Asia: India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Pakistan, and Turkey. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/rp0001.

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Turkey, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia span one of the longest continuously inhabited regions of the world. Centuries of cultural infusion have ensured these societies are highly heterogeneous. As plural polities, they are ripe for the kind of freedoms that liberal democracy can guarantee. However, despite having multi-party electoral systems, these countries have recently moved toward populist authoritarianism. Populism —once considered a distinctively Latin American problem that only seldom reared its head in other parts of the world— has now found a home in almost every corner of the planet. Moreover, it has latched on to religion, which, as history reminds us, has an unparalleled power to mobilize crowds. This report explores the unique nexus between faith and populism in our era and offers an insight into how cyberspace and offline politics have become highly intertwined to create a hyper-reality in which socio-political events are taking place. The report focuses, in particular, on the role of religious populism in digital space as a catalyst for undemocratic politics in the five Asian countries we have selected as our case studies. The focus on the West Asian and South Asian cases is an opportunity to examine authoritarian religious populists in power, whereas the East Asian countries showcase powerful authoritarian religious populist forces outside parliament. This report compares internet governance in each of these countries under three categories: obstacles to access, limits on content, and violations of user rights. These are the digital toolkits that authorities use to govern digital space. Our case selection and research focus have allowed us to undertake a comparative analysis of different types of online restrictions in these countries that constrain space foropposition and democratic voices while simultaneously making room for authoritarian religious populist narratives to arise and flourish. The report finds that surveillance, censorship, disinformation campaigns, internet shutdowns, and cyber-attacks—along with targeted arrests and violence spreading from digital space—are common features of digital authoritarianism. In each case, it is also found that religious populist forces co-opt political actors in their control of cyberspace. The situational analysis from five countries indicates that religion’s role in digital authoritarianism is quite evident, adding to the layer of nationalism. Most of the leaders in power use religious justifications for curbs on the internet. Religious leaders support these laws as a means to restrict “moral ills” such as blasphemy, pornography, and the like. This evident “religious populism” seems to be a major driver of policy changes that are limiting civil liberties in the name of “the people.” In the end, the reasons for restricting digital space are not purely religious but draw on religious themes with populist language in a mixed and hybrid fashion. Some common themes found in all the case studies shed light on the role of digital space in shaping politics and society offline and vice versa. The key findings of our survey are as follows: The future of (especially) fragile democracies is highly intertwined with digital space. There is an undeniable nexus between faith and populism which offers an insight into how cyberspace and politics offline have become highly intertwined. Religion and politics have merged in these five countries to shape cyber governance. The cyber governance policies of populist rulers mirror their undemocratic, repressive, populist, and authoritarian policies offline. As a result, populist authoritarianism in the non-digital world has increasingly come to colonize cyberspace, and events online are more and more playing a role in shaping politics offline. “Morality” is a common theme used to justify the need for increasingly draconian digital laws and the active monopolization of cyberspace by government actors. Islamist and Hindutva trolls feel an unprecedented sense of cyber empowerment, hurling abuse without physically seeing the consequences or experiencing the emotional and psychological damage inflicted on their victims.
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