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Journal articles on the topic 'Layered system'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Agrawal, Surendra, Vaishali Londhe, and Ram Gaud. "Niosomes: Layered Delivery System For Drug Targeting." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 1 (June 1, 2012): 413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/jan2014/143.

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2

Pravdin, K. V., and I. Yu Popov. "Layered system with metamaterials." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 661 (December 2, 2015): 012025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/661/1/012025.

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3

Hung, Yung-Chen. "A layered hyperanimation system." Software: Practice and Experience 30, no. 10 (2000): 1067–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-024x(200008)30:10<1067::aid-spe329>3.0.co;2-b.

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4

Hernández-Cruz, Xaimarie, J. René Villalobos, George Runger, and Grace Neal. "Layered Market Intelligence System." Transportation Research Procedia 67 (2022): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2022.12.032.

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5

N, Mahima, Noor Siddiqa, and Tanvir Habib Sardar. "Multi-Layered Security System Using Cryptography and Steganography." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science & Technology 7, no. 2 (March 2019): 8–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijircst.2019.7.2.1.

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6

Yung-Chen, Hung, and Chen Gen-Huey. "A layered communication system generator." Journal of Systems and Software 18, no. 2 (May 1992): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0164-1212(92)90125-4.

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7

Herzenberg, Leonore A., and Leonard A. Herzenberg. "Toward a layered immune system." Cell 59, no. 6 (December 22, 1989): 953–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0092-8674(89)90748-4.

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8

Lenzo, Kevin A., John Josephson, Osamu Fujimura, and Christopher Bailey‐Kellogg. "Layered language understander: A speech recognition system using layered abduction." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97, no. 5 (May 1995): 3246. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.411697.

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9

Oh, Young-Jin, and Gi-Yong Song. "System-Level Verification Platform using System Verilog Layered Testbench & SystemC OOP." International Journal of Control and Automation 7, no. 2 (February 28, 2014): 221–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2014.7.2.21.

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10

Елисеенко, Г. Д., А. В. Инзарцев, and А. М. Павин. "AUV LAYERED DISTRIBUTED EMERGENCY CONTROL SYSTEM." Podvodnye issledovaniia i robototehnika, no. 4(34) (January 24, 2020): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37102/24094609.2020.34.4.003.

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Рассматриваются концепция и реализация контрольно-аварийной системы (КАС), которая направлена на повышение живучести автономных необитаемых подводных аппаратов (АНПА) различного класса и назначения. Задача повышения живучести АНПА решается одновременно по нескольким направлениям: дублирование программных и аппаратных средств, а также обеспечение их взаимного согласованного (не противоречивого) функционирования. КАС создана на базе иерархической декомпозиции решаемых задач и включает в себя несколько уровней программного обеспечения, а также аппаратную часть. Программная часть КАС выполняет контроль целостности программного обеспечения, предстартовую диагностику, мониторинг ошибок и аварий. Аппаратная часть КАС обеспечивает возможность обнаружения и подъема АНПА в случае выхода из строя его вычислительной системы. Ключевой особенностью предлагаемого подхода является «относительно независимое» поведение систем в различных режимах работы (как штатных, так и аварийных), а также способность КАС в максимальном объеме выполнять заложенную программу-задание (миссию). Рассматриваются различные сценарии поведения АНПА во время возникновения нештатных ситуаций. The work considers the concept and implementation of an emergency control system (ECS) to increase the survivability of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUV) of different types and functionality. The task of raising the AUV survivability can be solved in several ways: dual redundancy of software and hardware means and providing their mutual coherent (consistent) functioning. ECS is based on a hierarchal decomposition of solving tasks and includes several software layers and hardware components. The ECS software component controls the software's integrity, prelaunch diagnostic, errors, and emergency monitoring. The ECS hardware component provides capabilities of positioning and emersion of AUV in case of its computational system malfunction. The key feature of the proposed approach is the "relatively independent" behavior of the systems in different operational modes (both routine and emergency) and the capability of the ECS to perform the predetermined task (mission) to the maximum extent. Different scenarios of AUV behavior in emergencies are considered.

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11

Chapman, Emmett H. "Layered voice musical self-accompaniment system." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 89, no. 5 (May 1991): 2484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.400859.

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12

HERZENBERG, LEONORE A., AARON B. KANTOR, and LEONARD A. HERZENBERG. "Layered Evolution in the Immune System." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 651, no. 1 (May 1992): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb24588.x.

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13

Kendzera, O. V., S. V. Mykulyak, Yu V. Semenova, I. A. Skurativska, and S. I. Skurativskyi. "Seismic response of a layered soil deposit with inclusions." Geofizicheskiy Zhurnal 43, no. 2 (June 3, 2021): 3–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24028/gzh.v43i2.230186.

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It is known that soil massifs can amplify or weaken seismic waves generated by earthquakes. Therefore, the problem of studying the impact of soil deposits on the passage of seismic waves is important in terms of the facilities in operation and the design of new earthquake-resistant objects. Soil deposits, which are allotted for building, are mainly layered. In addition, the materials in these layers are also significantly heterogeneous. To describe the dynamics of inhomogeneous soil massif, the model of an elastic continuum with oscillating non-interacting inclusions is used. Within the framework of this model, the resonant properties of multi-layered soil deposit are analyzed at the conditions of harmonic perturbations applied to the bedrock. On the basis of the solution to the boundary value problem concerning oscillations of the system subjected to the free surface and conjugation conditions on the boundaries between layers, it is derived the transfer function which characterizes the amplification of shear displacements by the layered system. Within the framework of problems on the oscillations of two- and five layered systems, the analytical studies were confirmed by numerical evaluations of transfer functions. In particular, using the built-in functions of the system «Mathematica», it is developed the numerical procedure for evaluating the frequency dependencies of amplification factor for layered Kelvin—Voigt media and media with oscillating inclusions. Moreover, for the two-layered system, it is analyzed the effect on the transfer function for the ratio of layers’ shear moduli and the ratio of the inclusions’ natural frequencies. It is also shown that the maxima in the transfer function correspond to the eigenfrequencies of the boundary value problem.The obtained results and the proposed approach to the study of the response of the layered inhomogeneous medium to vibrational perturbations can serve as a theoretical basis for earthquake-resistant design and construction.

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14

Joneja, Ajay, Anthony Pang, David Lam, and Matthew Yuen. "A CAD/ CAM system for vector-based layered manufacturing systems." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 13, no. 5 (January 2000): 388–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09511920050117883.

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15

Anderson, David. "Optimising multi-layered security screening." Journal of Transportation Security 14, no. 3-4 (November 22, 2021): 249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12198-021-00237-3.

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Abstract Screening for prohibited items at airports is an example of a multi-layered screening process. Multiple layers of screening – often comprising different technologies with complementary strengths and weaknesses – are combined to create a single screening process. The detection performance of the overall system depends on multiple factors, including the performance of individual layers, the complementarity of different layers, and the decision rule(s) for determining how outputs from individual layers are combined. The aim of this work is to understand and optimise the overall system performance of a multi-layered screening process. Novel aspects include the use of realistic profiles of alarm distributions based on experimental observations and a focus on the influence of correlation/orthogonality amongst the layers of screening. The results show that a cumulative screening architecture can outperform a cascading one, yielding a significant increase in system-level true positive rate for only a modest increase in false positive rate. A cumulative screening process is also more resilient to weaknesses in the individual layers. The performance of a multi-layered screening process using a cascading approach is maximised when the false positives are orthogonal across the different layers and the true positives are correlated. The system-level performance of a cumulative screening process, on the other hand, is maximised when both false positives and true positives are as orthogonal as possible. The cost of ignoring orthogonality between screening layers is explored with some numerical examples. The underlying software model is provided in a Jupyter Notebook as supplementary material.

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16

Lu, Jiafeng, Fenglin Zhang, Yumei Zhou, Huiping Huang, Chengyong Wang, Shanghua Wu, and Huatai Lin. "Fabrication of Ni-Al/diamond composite based on layered and gradient structures of SHS system." Science of Sintering 49, no. 2 (2017): 149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sos1702149l.

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In this paper layered and gradient structures of Ni-Al SHS system were adopted to manufacture Ni-Al/diamond composites. The effect of the layered and the diamond mesh gradient structures of Ni-Al/diamond on the SHS process and the microstructure of the composites were investigated. It is found that with the increasing of the number of layers, the combustion wave velocity is decreased. The combustion wave velocity for diamond mesh size gradient structure of Ni-Al SHS is faster than that for the layered structure. A well bonding can be formed between diamond and the matrix in layered and gradient structure Ni-Al/diamond composites due to the melt of Ni-Cr brazing alloy.

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17

Kim, Byeong Hwa. "System Identification for Structural Vibration of Layered Stone Pagoda System." Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea 21, no. 5 (September 30, 2017): 237–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5000/eesk.2017.21.5.237.

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18

Chiu, Y. P. "The Layered Contact System with Paraboloidal Surfaces." Key Engineering Materials 33 (January 1991): 161–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.33.161.

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19

Claisse, P., M. Keedwell, and C. Calla. "Tests on a two-layered ballast system." Transport 156, no. 2 (May 2003): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/tran.156.2.93.37698.

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20

Claisse, P., M. Keedwell, and C. Calla. "Tests on a two-layered ballast system." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Transport 156, no. 2 (May 2003): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/tran.2003.156.2.93.

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21

Niizeki, Komajiro, and Eigo Yagi. "Extended States of a Layered Random System." Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 66, no. 5 (May 15, 1997): 1387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jpsj.66.1387.

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22

Kashapov, R., N. Khusnutdinov, and L. M. Woods. "The Casimir effect for planar layered system." International Journal of Modern Physics A 31, no. 02n03 (January 20, 2016): 1641028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x16410281.

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We consider the Casimir energy and force for stack of the N conductive planes at zero temperature. The Casimir-Polder force for an atom near this stack is calculated, too. We derive general expressions and make analysis for the case of ideal metal. In all considered cases the finite conductivity plays important role for the Casimir effect.

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23

Mahajan, K. D., Sharvari Tatwawadi, Ayesha Shaikh, and Rashmi Shewatkar. "Three Layered Security System For Bank Locker." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 4, no. 4 (April 25, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23488379/ijeee-v4i4p101.

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24

ALESHIN, A. N., E. V. LAZAREVA, S. V. SERGEEV, and S. G. ZAYTSEV. "Richtmyer–Meshkov instability evolution in layered system." Laser and Particle Beams 17, no. 4 (October 1999): 649–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034699174093.

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Presently, a great part of the attention paid to the studies on the Richtmyer–Meshkov instability (RMI) is focused on the case of shock passage through a system of gas layers of different densities. The interest to this problem has been induced, in particular, by multiple attempts to minimize the process of mixing between the layers of different densities in targets for inertial confinement fusion (ICF), caused by excitation of the RMI on the layer boundaries. The RMI suppression is one of the most important, but difficult problems in worldwide efforts on ICF. A direct investigation of this phenomenon in laser experiments (in NOVA, for example) is a rather difficult task. Shock tubes are a more promising tool for modeling the impulsively-driven instabilities in gas layers, for they allow us a detailed investigation of the mechanism of initiation and the pathways of evolution of the instability (Jacobs et al. 1995; Aleshin et al. 1995a). A series of shock-tube experiments for the shock passage through a system of gas layers of different densities has been carried out. The effect of a suppression of the RMI has been found. A 2.5-fold reduction of the mixing region thickness in the presence of the layer as compared to the thickness without it has been obtained.

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25

Abraham, Dolphy M., and Kala C. Seal. "CLASIC: Collaborative LAyered System using Intranet Capabilities." Logistics Information Management 14, no. 1/2 (March 2001): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576050110362483.

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26

Sagredo, V., T. Torres, G. Attolini, and F. Bolzoni. "Mn1−xFexIn2Se4: a new layered semiconductor system." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 66, no. 11 (November 2005): 2027–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpcs.2005.09.085.

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27

Fan, J. D., and Y. M. Malozovsky. "High-Tc superconductivity in a layered system." Physica B: Condensed Matter 206-207 (February 1995): 660–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-4526(94)00549-b.

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28

Strunin, V. A., A. N. Firsov, K. G. Shkadinskii, and G. B. Manelis. "Combustion characteristics of a heterogeneous layered system." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 25, no. 5 (September 1989): 540–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00772964.

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29

Ogura, Naotsugu, Yoshihiro Kawamura, Takashi Yahata, Kazuto Yamamoto, Tsutomu Terazaki, Masatoshi Nomura, Keishi Takeyama, et al. "Small PEMFC System with Multi-layered Microreactor." IEEJ Transactions on Sensors and Micromachines 126, no. 2 (2006): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejsmas.126.54.

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30

Black, R., and M. Fletcher. "Next generation space avionics: layered system implementation." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 20, no. 12 (December 2005): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.2005.1576097.

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31

Sayed, S. M., and M. A. Hamed. "Expansion of cavities in layered elastic system." International Journal for Numerical and Analytical methods in Geomechanics 11, no. 2 (March 1987): 203–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610110209.

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32

Pielorz, A., and W. Nadolski. "Longitudinal waves in a damped layered system." Ingenieur-Archiv 60, no. 2 (1989): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00538814.

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33

Shames, Peter M., and Marc A. Sarrel. "A modeling pattern for layered system interfaces." INCOSE International Symposium 25, no. 1 (October 2015): 914–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2015.00105.x.

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34

Wicaksono, Blasius Anggit, Nuryani Nuryani, and Budi Purnama. "Magneto-impedance Effects in Electrodeposited Multi-layer [NiFe/Cu]3 on Cu Wire Substrates for kHz-order Frequency Measurements." Journal of Magnetism and Its Applications 1, no. 1 (June 2, 2021): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.53533/jma.v1i1.5.

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The magneto-impedance effect (MI) in an electrodeposited multi-layered system of [NiFe/Cu]N on a Cu wire was modified by varying the thickness of the Cu spacer layer. The multi-layered samples of [NiFe/Cu]N were deposited by the electrodeposition using a platinum electrode. The MI ratio rapidly increased with a frequency of up to 100 kHz where it saturated. Conversely, the MI ratio of the multi-layered system [NiFe (800 nm)/Cu(y nm)]3 was a decreasing function of Cu layer thickness. The decreased MI ratio may be attributed to the lowered saturation magnetization in the multi-layered system with thicker spacer layers.

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35

Kim, Eun-Suk, Hae-Ju Kim, and Kyung-Wook Shin. "A performance analysis of layered LDPC decoder for mobile WiMAX system." Journal of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 15, no. 4 (April 30, 2011): 921–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2011.15.4.921.

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36

Shaikhova, G. S., D. Belomestny, and A. Zh Mergembaeva. "Numerical modeling of the task of support tension near cleaning." Kompleksnoe Ispolʹzovanie Mineralʹnogo syrʹâ/Complex Use of Mineral Resources/Mineraldik Shikisattardy Keshendi Paidalanu 1, no. 324 (September 6, 2022): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31643/2023/6445.11.

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The problem of stresses and displacements of an oblique-layered massif near a mine working, which is located entirely in one of the rock layers, is considered when the mine is tested by the effects of cleaning works in a coal seam. This effect is taken into account by specifying a system of normal and shear forces at the boundary of the lower layered half-plane with a hole. The problem is solved by imposing the complex Kolosov – Muehehelishvili potentials and Fourier integral transforms. Based on the method of Fourier integral transforms in the theory of elasticity, a system of integral with respect to normal and tangential contact forces is obtained for the case of two different layered half-surfaces. In this work, systems of integral equations are obtained in solving the problem of the reference pressure on an obliquely buried coal seam near the mine working. In this paper, the method of integral Fourier transforms in the theory of elasticity, obtained a system of integral with respect to normal and tangential contact forces for the case of two different layered half-surfaces.

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37

Bai, Yu, Ali Harajli, and Yunping Xi. "Analytical Solutions of Ionic Diffusion and Heat Conduction in Multilayered Porous Media." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2015 (2015): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/208914.

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Ionic diffusion and heat conduction in a multiple layered porous medium have many important engineering applications. One of the examples is the chloride ions from deicers penetrating into concrete structures such as bridge decks. Different overlays can be placed on top of concrete surface to slowdown the chloride penetration. In this paper, the chloride ion diffusion equations were established for concrete structures with multiple layers of protective system. By using Laplace transformation, an analytical solution was developed first for chloride concentration profiles in two-layered system and then extended to multiple layered systems with nonconstant boundary conditions, including the constant boundary and linear boundary conditions. Because ionic diffusion in saturated media and heat conduction are governed by the same form of partial differential equations with different materials parameters, the analytical solution was further extended to handle heat conduction in a multiple layered system under nonconstant boundary conditions. The numerical results were compared with available test data. The basic trends of the analytical solution and the test data agreed quite well.

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38

Ostakh, S. V., O. S. Ostakh, and N. Yu Olkhovikova. "The Concept of Creating a Layered System for the Protection of Natural Anthropogenic Complexes." Ecology and Industry of Russia 23, no. 3 (March 12, 2019): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18412/1816-0395-2019-3-54-59.

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The concept of a layered system of protection of natural-anthropogenic complexes based on modern concepts of the distribution and properties of man-made streams in geological layers is presented. A classification of passive and active environmental barriers is presented, as well as technological directions, main methods and features of their introduction into the general algorithm for the development and application of a layered protection system, taking into account possible target use cases and operating conditions considered. The principles of the formation of a layered protection system, the sequence and content of the main stages of its development and implementation for use as a preventive measure to protect the environment from the predicted negative impacts are considered. Examples of various designs of barriers of both individual and component parts of the system of layered protection are presented, the main directions of their application and features of implementation are described.

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Zhang, X., S. Rakheja, and R. Ganesan. "Stress Analysis of the Multi-Layered System of a Truck Tire." Tire Science and Technology 30, no. 4 (October 1, 2002): 240–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2346/1.2135257.

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Abstract In this paper, a nonlinear finite element tire model is developed as an effective fast modeling approach to analyze the stress fields within a loaded tire structure, with the contact patch geometry and contact pressure distribution in the tire-road interface as functions of the normal load and the inflation pressure. The model considers the geometry and orientations of the cords in individual layers and the stacking sequence of different layers in the multi-layered system to predict the interply interactions in the belts and carcass layers. The study incorporates nearly incompressible property of the tread rubber block and anisotropic material properties of the layers. The analysis is performed using ANSYS software, and the results are presented to describe the influence of the normal load on the various stress fields and contact pressure distributions. The computed footprint geometry is qualitatively compared with the measured data to examine the validity of the model. It is concluded that the proposed model can provide reliable predictions about the three-dimensional stress and deformation fields in the multi-layered system and the contact pressure distribution in the tire-road interface.

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40

Ishioka, Takuya, and Morikazu Takegaki. "A Layered, Multi-Agent System for Intelligent Control." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 4, no. 2 (April 20, 1992): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1992.p0152.

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We propose a layered, multi-agent model as a method for establishing an intelligent control system. The model handles each task, which constitutes control processing, as a group of agents operating autonomously, and organizes the agents in a layered structure from the viewpoint of real-time constraints. This enables real-time control processing and knowledge information processing simultaneously. We will describe a method for building the layered multiagent model using a concurrent rule set. The concurrent rule set can be processed by extending the expert shell and can realize the layered agent model in various computer environments through the use of the shell.

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41

Hosseini Hashemi, Sh, and H. Bakhshi Khaniki. "Dynamic Behavior of Multi-Layered Viscoelastic Nanobeam System Embedded in a Viscoelastic Medium with a Moving Nanoparticle." Journal of Mechanics 33, no. 5 (September 22, 2016): 559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2016.91.

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AbstractIn this paper, dynamic behavior of multi-layered viscoelastic nanobeams resting on a viscoelastic medium with a moving nanoparticle is studied. Eringens nonlocal theory is used to model the small scale effects. Layers are coupled by Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic medium model. Hamilton's principle, eigen-function technique and the Laplace transform method are employed to solve the governing differential equations. Analytical solutions for transverse displacements of double-layered is presented for both viscoelastic nanobeams embedded in a viscoelastic medium and without it while numerical solution is achieved for higher layered nanobeams. The influences of the nonlocal parameter, stiffness and damping parameter of medium, internal damping parameter and number of layers are studied while the nanoparticle passes through. Presented results can be useful in analysing and designing nanocars, nanotruck moving on surfaces, racing nanocars etc.

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42

Paul, P. Victer, and D. Veeraiah. "Multi-Layered Security Model for Hadoop Environment." International Journal of Handheld Computing Research 8, no. 4 (October 2017): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijhcr.2017100106.

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In this article, a novel security model for the Hadoop environment has been developed to enhance security credentials of handheld systems. The proposed system deals with enabling Hadoop security in terms of a dataset and a user which is willing to access the content inside the Hadoop system. It deals with security in terms of three different features: encryption, confidentiality and authentication. The significance of the proposed model is it provides protection against malicious intent which allows only valid content into the Big data system; it enables authenticated users and people to enter into the system and make the dataset more secure; and if authentication is enhanced, then authorization can be easily gained in the Hadoop system which provides access control and access rights to resource which the user is willing to perform its function or operation. This model is implemented, and the performance has been validated using existing security variants.

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43

BAE, Y., and R. E. CAFLISCH. "Strain in layered nanocrystals." European Journal of Applied Mathematics 18, no. 5 (October 2007): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956792507007115.

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Layered nanocrystals consist of a core of one material surrounded by a shell of a second material. We present computation of the atomistic strain energy density in a layered nanocrystal, using an idealised model with a simple cubic lattice and harmonic interatomic potentials. These computations show that there is a critical size r*s for the shell thickness rs at which the energy density has a maximum. This critical size is roughly independent of the geometry and material parameters of the system. Interestingly, this critical size agrees with the shell thickness at which the quantum yield has a maximum, as observed in several systems and thus leads one to support the hypothesis that maximal quantum yield is strongly correlated with maximal elastic energy density.

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Bermejo, Raúl, Luca Ceseracciu, Luis Llanes, and Marc Anglada. "Fracture of Layered Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 409 (March 2009): 94–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.409.94.

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Layered ceramics are foreseen as possible substitutes for monolithic ceramics due to their attractive mechanical properties in terms of strength reliability and toughness. The different loading conditions to which ceramic materials may be subjected in service encourage the design of tailored layered structures as function of their application. The use of residual stresses generated during cooling due to the different thermal strain of adjacent layers has been the keystone for the improvement of the fracture response of many layered ceramic systems, e.g. alumina-zirconia, alumina-mullite, silicon nitride-titanium nitride, etc. In this work, the fracture features of layered ceramics are addressed analysing two multilayered structures, based on the alumina-zirconia system, designed with tailored compressive residual stresses either in the external or internal layers. Contact strength and indentation strength tests have been performed to investigate the response of both designs to crack propagation. The experimental findings show a different response in terms of strength and crack growth resistance of both designs. While layered structures with compressive stresses at the surface provide a better response against contact damage compared to monoliths, a flaw tolerant design in terms of strength and an improved toughness through energy release mechanisms is achieved with internal compressive stresses. The use of layered architectures for automotive or biomedical applications as substitutes for alumina-based ceramics should be regarded in the near future, where reliable ceramic designs are needed.

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Tallon, L. K., M. A. O'Kane, D. E. Chapman, M. A. Phillip, R. E. Shurniak, and R. L. Strunk. "Unsaturated sloping layered soil cover system: Field investigation." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 91, no. 2 (May 2011): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjss10090.

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Tallon, L. K., O'Kane, M. A., Chapman, D. E., Phillip, M. A., Shurniak, R. E. and Strunk, R. L. 2011. Unsaturated sloping layered soil cover system: Field investigation. Can. J. Soil Sci. 91: 161–168. Unsaturated soil cover systems are effective in minimizing the interaction of meteoric water with underlying mine waste. Studies detailing field-monitoring results of layered systems in sloping landscapes are scarce. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the field performance, defined as a reduction in percolation, of a sloping fine-over-coarse-layered cover system at a phosphate mine in the northwestern United States. Cover water content profiles were elevated in the underlying waste material during and after wet periods such as spring snow melt, suggesting that any layering effect of increasing storage capacity was lost. During dry periods, water content profiles suggested a slight benefit due to layering, as water contents were slightly elevated immediately above the cover/waste shale interface. Although there were incidental gains in performance due to layering, the majority of the infiltrating water was stored in the fine-textured layer. This layer was most responsible for limiting percolation into the underlying waste. There was little difference in performance due to slope position. The cover was sufficient in preventing net percolation into the underlying waste shale, and performance was at least partially improved by increased storage at layer interfaces.

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Sun, Qiu Dong, Wen Xin Ma, Jiang Wei Huang, and Wei Chen. "A Virtual Layered Scenario for Real-Time Information System Design." Advanced Materials Research 219-220 (March 2011): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.219-220.121.

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With the detonation of information, the requirement of real-time data collection has been paid increased attention. It is more difficult that a real-time information system in practical application not only considering its convenience of maintenance, credibility of performance and flexibility of configuration, but reducing its developing cost as well. Therefore, to borrow the idea from the layered design for software system, a virtual layered concept was presented in this paper. And also a virtual layered design scheme for real-time information system based on the concepts of virtual layer and layered design was built to provide a flexible configuration method for development of series systems in different applications. The practices show that this scheme has strong flexibility, good efficiency and integrated optimization.

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Jha, Rajveer, and Yoshikazu Mizuguchi. "Superconductivity in La2O2M4S6 -Type Bi-based Compounds: A Review on Element Substitution Effects." Condensed Matter 5, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/condmat5020027.

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Since 2012, layered compounds containing Bi-Ch (Ch: S and Se) layers have been extensively studied in the field of superconductivity. The most-studied system is BiS2-based superconductors with two-layer-type conducting layers. Recently, superconductivity was observed in La2O2M2S6 (M = metals), which contains four-layer-type conducting layers. The four-layer-type Bi-based superconductors are new systems in the family of Bi-based superconductors; we can expect further development of Bi-based layered superconductors. In this review article, we summarize the progress of synthesis, structural analysis, investigations on superconducting properties, and material design of the four-layer-type Bi-based superconductors. In-plane chemical pressure is the factor essential for the emergence of bulk superconductivity in the system. The highest Tc of 4.1 K was observed in Rare Earth elements (RE) substituted La2-xRExO2Bi3Ag0.6Sn0.4S6.

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OU, CHIEN-MIN, HUI-YA LI, WEN-JYI HWANG, and MEI-HWA LIU. "LAYERED IMAGE TRANSMISSION WITH QUALITY PRE-SPECIFIABLE JPEG2000." International Journal of Image and Graphics 08, no. 04 (October 2008): 629–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219467808003271.

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A novel JPEG2000-based algorithm, termed quality pre-specifiable layered JPEG2000 (QPSL-JPEG2000), for realizing a layered image transmission (LIT) system is presented in this paper. In the QPSL-JPEG2000 algorithm, the resolution and rate associated with each layer of the LIT system can be pre-specified. It encodes an image one layer at a time using the modified JPEG2000 technique. The encoding process at each layer only covers the subbands having resolution level lower than the designated resolution at that layer subject to the pre-specified incremental rate budget. The encoding results at the previous layers will be used in the current layer to accelerate the encoding process. Numerical results show that the QPSL-JPEG2000 algorithm outperforms its counterparts for constructing the rate and resolution pre-specified LIT systems.

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Tesfahun, Abebe, and D. Lalitha Bhaskari. "Effective Hybrid Intrusion Detection System: A Layered Approach." International Journal of Computer Network and Information Security 7, no. 3 (February 8, 2015): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5815/ijcnis.2015.03.05.

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CHU, Changbao. "Vehicle chassis system based on layered coordinated control." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 44, no. 02 (2008): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2008.02.157.

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