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Barisano, Erin C. O. "Forming and Supporting Lay Catholic Elementary School Principals as Spiritual Leaders." Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10271110.
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The role of a Catholic school principal is complex and includes promoting Catholic faith and spirituality throughout the school community. The additional job requirements of spiritual leadership are intentional formation for prospective and novice principals and efforts to sustain spirituality for experienced principals. This qualitative study explored the perceptions held by experienced lay elementary principals of their role as spiritual leader as well as how prepared they felt to serve in this role. Additionally, the study explored suggestions for sustaining principals in their role as spiritual leader. Participants were six lay Catholic elementary principals working in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. Data were collected in the form of written reflections, interviews, and a focus group. There were three rounds of written reflections and interviews. A focus group was conducted after the three rounds of data collection. Initial analysis was conducted by identifying emerging themes for each research question. The Four Pillars of Jesuit Leadership Framework was used to discuss the findings. Findings indicated the need for formation and training programs for lay Catholic elementary school principals specifically focused on their role as spiritual leader. Additionally, principals need more supports and opportunities to renew themselves to continue serving as spiritual leaders. These findings support the need for the archdiocese to take responsibility for training and forming lay principals as this responsibility is beyond the scope of the Department of Catholic Schools.
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Davison, Liam G., and res cand@acu edu au. "Lay Principals Under Contract: ‘Going Down for the Good Turf’: An exploration of the perceptions of selected secondary lay principals in relation to the religious and spiritual dimensions of their role." Australian Catholic University. School of Educational Leadership, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp122.25102006.
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The purpose of this research study was to consider the understanding and experience of a selected number of lay principals of diocesan secondary Catholic schools in Victoria as to the religious and spiritual dimensions of their leadership role and to identify what supported them in the discharge of their responsibilities in these domains of their leadership. Based on this purpose, I identified three research questions: 1. What is the understanding of lay Catholic secondary principals in Victoria, of their role as a ministry within the Catholic Church? 2. In what ways have principals experienced the spiritual and religious dimensions of their leadership role? 3. In what ways have principals sought and/or experienced formation beyond academic study which has enriched their practice of principalship? The theoretical perspective of the research is Interpretative Constructionism and the methodology adopted is Multiple Informant Case Study. The researcher has taken the stance of ‘interrogatory fellow traveller’ in relation to the research informants. The methods used to gather data are (a) focus group, (b) biographical written statements, (c) document analysis and (d) personal reflection in response to the previous three methods. In general, the findings of this research study suggest that lay principals of Catholic secondary schools who were informants in the study understand the role of principal of a diocesan secondary school as a ministry within the Catholic Church. While the informants did not use overtly theological terms to articulate this understanding, the accounts of their experience in principalship and the insights gained through reflection on their leadership behaviour have led them to believe that they are in fact exercising a legitimate ministry within the field of Catholic secondary education in Victoria. This research has brought to light a body of knowledge about the work of a group of principals which has not previously been subject to critical scrutiny. While the study is of intrinsic merit in recognising and describing the work of secondary lay principals, from an instrumental perspective these findings raise a number of issues relating to the preparation, induction and support available to newly appointed and continuing principals in diocesan Catholic secondary schools in Victoria. As a consequence the following propositions are offered: Further study using a wider informant group of principals is warranted to confirm the findings of this enquiry and to expand on the knowledge already gained. Such study might include parallel studies of lay principals in congregation-owned schools, in other states of Australia or in other countries where the Catholic Church has established schools as an agency of its evangelising mission in education. This study is of potential assistance to aspiring principals, principals and system authorities in the planning and development of appropriate professional learning and support, including formal academic study and formational opportunities. The findings confirm the importance for leaders and aspiring leaders in Catholic education of sound theological and spiritual education as a necessary part of their preparation for leadership, both pre-service and in-service. The findings confirm the significance of appropriate liturgical induction or commissioning for principals. It is suggested that one practical form of support for principals is the provision of access to regular professional supervision and spiritual direction. It is recommended that the process of appointment and induction of principals be undertaken more systematically, perhaps using the principles of project management, especially in relation to the identification of enhancing and inhibiting factors present within the staff community at the time of the appointment of a new principal. The findings indicate that schools have had varied experiences of developing a distinctive ethos and charism, based on a particular founder or group of founders. It is recommended that all diocesan secondary schools be encouraged to develop an appropriate charism and spirituality, based on the character of the local faith community and the history of the particular school. The findings point to the need for further development of an authentic spirituality of educational and faith leadership, based in the reality of principals’ lives as family and community members and educators in faith of their staff and wider community. Informants to the study indicated their awareness of the tension between occupying a leadership role in the Church and personal positions in conscience on matters of Church teaching. Some further study of this issue may be warranted.
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Belmonte, Angelo. "Voices of lay principals : promoting a Catholic character and culture in schools in an era of change /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19679.pdf.
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Arthur, Jamie Faser. "What is the Lived Experience of Laywomen Who Serve as Catholic Elementary School Principals in their Roles as Faith Leaders?" Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/eps_diss/86.
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Catholic schools in the United States have experienced daunting challenges since Vatican II (1962-1965) with a 45% decrease in number attributed to decisions made by Church leaders. Traditionally led by religious, the National Catholic Education Association (2010) reported 97% of Catholic schools are now staffed by lay people. This research details the importance of Catholic schools to the evangelizing mission of the Church, defines the role of laity, and acknowledges a lack of programs that support lay Catholic principals. Past studies provide a snapshot of trends, list expected competencies, and compare their positions to public school counterparts. The literature review indicates little attention has focused on lived experiences of lay Catholic principals. This study presents the stories of six female Catholic principals in an effort to provide a greater understanding of the responsibilities associated with their roles.
Using narrative case study design, this research reveals aspects of their lives, careers, and families as it pertains to their experiences as Catholic principals. Six major themes emerged from the analysis of data: (1) the unwavering link between the Catholic Church and school; (2) the call for leadership that deepens the faith of their constituencies; (3) the importance of building community as a dimension of the principal’s role as faith leader; (4) the requisite for principals to model faith in action; (5) the need for spiritual and professional development to support principals as faith leaders; and, (6) the negotiation of tensions in their personal and professional lives.
Results provide a richer understanding of the complexity associated with lay leadership and informs the reader of areas in need of further research to assure the future of Catholic education in the United States. Specifically, findings suggest Church leadership structure programs that adequately prepare lay Catholic principals for their roles, perform studies focused on the multifaceted roles associated with Catholic school leadership, and create opportunities for spiritual and professional development for those who currently serve in these positions. The study confirms priests as the link between the Catholic Church and school, and suggests their preparation, as well as desire to oversee a Catholic school, as critical.
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Petrauskaitė, Dovilė. "Principle of self-determination of peoples in international law and the borders of implementation." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080924_213505-88461.
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Principle of self-determination of peoples is one of the issues of international law, which is complicated. International commentators agree that the content of the principle is unclear. The same should be said about the borders of implementation of the principle. There are a number of legal acts on the question, however the two problems remain. This master thesis was aimed to analyze and to reveal the purport of the principle of self-determination of peoples and the borders of implementation.Laisvas tautų apsisprendimo principas tarptautinėje teisėje yra priskiriamas sudėtingesniems klausimams. Mokslininkai analizavę principą pabrėžia, kad sunku yra atskleisti principo esmę, nes ji yra labai neapibrėžta. Sunku apibrėžti ir aiškias principo taikymo ribas. Nors yra priimta daug teisinių dokumentų, kurie reglamentuoja laisvo tautų apsisprendimo principo taikymą, jie neatskleidžia principo esmės bei mažai prisideda prie ribų nustatymo. Šio darbo tikslas buvo išanalizuoti ir atskleisti laisvo tautų apsisprendimo principo esmę bei jo taikymo ribas.
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Kurmelis, Vaidas. "Rinkimų teisės principai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2009~D_20090122_134424-62842.
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Rinkimų institutas yra labai svarbus elementas konstitucinėje demokratijoje. Demokratinėje visuomenėje suvereniteto šaltinis – Tauta, suteikia galią valstybės valdžios institucijoms. Formuojant politines atstovaujamąsias institucijas rinkimų būdu, reikia užtikrinti tam tikrų fundamentalių taisyklių laikymąsi.
Pagrindiniai principai yra šie: visuotinė rinkimų teisė, lygūs rinkimai, laisvi rinkimai, slaptas balsavimas ir tiesioginiai rinkimai. Šių principų turinį sudaro smulkesni reikalavimai, kurių analizė yra svarbi siekiant suprasti principo esmę. Rinkimų principai suponuoja ne tik teises, bet ir tam tikras rinkėjo pareigas.
Pagrindiniai rinkimų teisės principai yra dažnai vadinami Europos rinkimų arba konstitucinės teisės paveldu. Rinkimų teisės principai, kuriais vadovaujantis turi būti organizuojami ir vykdomi rinkimai, yra įtvirtinti įvairios juridinės galios nacionaliniuose teisės aktuose, taip pat tarptautinės teisės normomis. Tik įtvirtinimo nepakanka, turi būti sukurtas teisės normų aparatas, kuris padėtų užtikrinti šių principų įgyvendinimą ir apsaugą. Lietuvos Konstitucijoje ir rinkimų įstatymuose yra įtvirtinti visi šie principai. Stabilus apsaugos aparatas negali susiformuoti dėl dažnai keičiamų rinkimų įstatymų nuostatų.
Magistro darbe analizuojamas rinkimų principų turinys: atskleidžiamos ir plačiau nei iki šiol aptariamos principų sudėtinės dalys; įvertinamos ir analizuojamos problemos kylančios įgyvendinant rinkimų principus ir užtikrinant jų apsaugą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Election law is the main element of the constitutional democracy. In democratic society the Nation, as the holder of suverenity, grants power to the authority institutions. Fundamental rules must be implemented during the formation of political representative bodies. Fundamental principles are: universal election, equal election, free election, secret suffrage and direct suffrage. These principles consists of narrower regulations, which are important for the nature of the main principle. Electors’ rights and duties originate from principles of the election law. Main principles of the election law are sometimes called Europe’s electoral or constitutional law heritage. These principles are the main rules for organizing and administrating the process of election. Constitutional democracy requires that national authoritues should povide effective legal basis to implement and safeguard these rules. These principles are regulated in the Constitution of Lithuania and election statutes. Well-established safeguard apparatus can not be created, since statutes are often changed. This research is focused on the content of principles of the election: it discloses and gives broader understanding of the compaund elements of the principles; the research focuses on the problems deriving from the implementation and safeguard of the main principles.
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Kulionytė, Kristina. "Ar procesinė taisyklė, leidžianti apylinkių teismams nagrinėjant administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylas savo iniciatyva neribotai rinkti įrodymus, pažeidžia šalių lygiateisiškumo ir rungimosi principus?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20080807_144215-47181.
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Darbe keliama hipotezė – procesinė taisyklė, leidžianti apylinkių teismams nagrinėjant administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylas, savo iniciatyva neribotai rinkti įrodymus, pažeidžia proceso šalių lygiateisiškumo ir rungimosi principus. Siekiant patvirtinti hipotezę, yra pasirinkta trijų dalių darbo struktūra. Pirmojoje dalyje aptarta administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylų teisena, administracinės atsakomybės samprata ir organai (pareigūnai) įgalioti nagrinėti administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylas. Antroje dalyje analizuojama rungimosi ir lygiateisiškumo principų samprata, jų veikimas administracinių teisės pažeidimų teisenoje. Paskutinėje dalyje įvertinamas teisėjo vaidmuo administracinių teisės pažeidimų teisenoje, lyginama su užsienio šalių teisinėmis sistemomis Atlikus mokslinės teisinės literatūros, įstatymų analizę bei išanalizavus bendros kompetencijos teismo vaidmenį nagrinėjant administracinių teisės pažeidimų bylas, galima daryti išvadą, kad teisėjas rinkdamas įrodymus pažeidžia rungimosi ir proceso šalių lygiateisiškumo principus. Darbe keliama hipotezė pasitvirtino.The paper proposes a hypothesis – the procedural rule that enables district courts to collect evidence while hearing the cases of administrative law offences at their own initiative without any limitations violates the principle of equal rights of the dispute parties and the adversarial principle. In order to support the hypothesis, a three-part structure of the paper has been chosen. The first part discusses administrative legal proceedings, the concept of administrative liability and the bodies (officers) authorized to hear the cases of administrative law offences. The second part analyzes the concept of the adversarial principle and the principle of equal rights, their application in administrative legal proceedings. The final part evaluates the role of a judge in administrative legal proceedings and provides a comparison with foreign legal systems. The analysis of scientific legal literature, laws, the role of the court of general competence and the case-law on administrative law offences permits to jump into conclusion that by collecting evidence in administrative cases without limitations, the judge violates the adversarial principle and the principle of equal rights of the parties in the proceedings. The proposed hypothesis has been supported.
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Apolevič, Jolanta. "Civilinės teisės principų turinio atskleidimas Lietuvos Respublikos teismų praktikoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20110709_152238-72410.
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Lietuvos Respublikos civilinis kodeksas 1.2 straipsnyje įtvirtina civilinių teisinių santykių reglametavimo principus. Šiame straipsnyje pateikiami tik principų pavadinimai, o jų turinys atskleidžiamas per kitus Civilinio kodekso straipsnius ar teismų praktiką. Principų vaidmuo vis auga, nes jie yra tam tikros gairės, kuriomis turi sekti tiek įstatymų leidėjas, tiek teisėjas, spręsdamas bylą, tiek patys civilinių teisinių santykių subjektai. Todėl šiame darbe civilinės teisės principai atskleidžiami per teismų praktiką, tai yra kokį jų turinį ir supratimą savo priimamuose sprendimuose nustato teismai. Pirmoje darbo dalyje pateikiama bendra civilinės teisės principų interpretacija - kas yra teisės principas, kartu pateikiant civilinės teisės principo sąvoką. Taip pat analizuojamos civilinės teisės principų funkcijos, kurios yra svarbios aiškinant pačių principų turinį. Tame pačiame skyriuje aptariamas santykis tarp civilinės teisės santykių reglamentavimo ir įgyvendinimo principų, nuosekliai pereinant prie kelių Europos Sąjungos principų, kurie padarė didžiausią įtaką Lietuvos civilinei teisei, kadangi buvo perkelti harmonizuojant mūsų teisės normas. Antroje darbo dalyje kiekvienas civilinės teisės principas analizuojamas atskirai, jo analizė pateikiama remiantis mokslininkų nuomone bei teismų suformuluotomis taisyklėmis. Paskutinėje darbo dalyje nurodomos civilinės teisės principų ribojimo galimybės ir būdai, kaip tai galima padaryti. Pabrėžtina, kad negalima piktnaudžiauti... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The 1.2 article of the Lithuanian Civil Code establishes the principles of the regulation of legal civil relations. Only the bare names of these principles are being presented in this article, while their content is revealed through the other articles of the Civil Code or through the judicial practice. The importance of the principles keeps growing, since these seem to constitute certain basis which is equally to be relied upon as by legislation, so by judges (that deal with the case) or by the subjects of legal civil relations themselves. It follows that in the present work the principles of civil law are revealed through the judicial practice (i.m. what content and interpretation of the mentioned principles the court establishes in its litigations and judgments). In the first part of the present work, general interpretation of the principles of civil law is presented, and, at the same time, in respect of that, the definition of a principle is clarified. There are analyzed as well the functions of the principles of civil law, these are essential in future while explaining the content of the principles themselves. The correlation between the regulation principles of civil law and enforcement principles of civil law is analyzed in the same part of the work; afterwards the author consequently passes on to some principles of European Union that caused enormous impact on the Lithuanian civil law, as they have been extrapolated within the harmonization of our provisions. Each of... [to full text]
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Armbruster, Néda. "La réception de règles de droit exogènes : l’exemple de la mise en jeu de la responsabilité sans faute de l’Etat du fait de ses actes normatifs en France et aux Pays-Bas." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL20019.
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L'objectif est d'analyser la jonction des principes généraux du droit au niveau européen. cette étude se limite aux principes généraux du droit à ces deux cultures juridiques, soit aux principes admis par la jurisprudence et s'imposant à l'administration et à ses rapports avec les particuliers. il s'agira ainsi de répondre à plusieurs questions dont : les principes généraux du droit tendent-ils réellement à converger ? faut-il déceler une uniformisation du droit sous l'influence des principes généraux de droits européens ou cela permet-il de mettre en avant que certains principes sont <> ? dans le cas contraire pourquoi certains principes restent-ils propres à certains systèmes juridiques ? ne faut-il pas voir dans les droits européens la possibilité de s'enrichir des principes généraux des droits d'origine extranationale ? mais également de partager les principes généraux du droit français ? /The aim is to analyze the junction of general principles of law at European level. this study is limited to the general principles of the right to these two legal cultures, to the principles accepted by the jurisprudence and imposing itself on the administration and its relations with individuals. it will thus be necessary to answer several questions, including: do general principles of law really tend to converge? Is it necessary to detect a uniformity of law under the influence of the general principles of European rights or does it make it possible to emphasize that certain principles are "universal"? if not, why do certain principles remain specific to certain legal systems? should we not see in European rights the possibility of enriched by the general principles of rights of extranational origin? but also to share the general principles of French law? /
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Bražinskienė, Loreta. "Vaikų pilietybės teisinis reglamentavimas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080128_104404-24113.
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Apibendrinant pilietybę pirmiausiai yra pabrėžiamas priklausomumas valstybei, antra –asmens ir valstybės abipusis teisinis ryšys, šis ryšys turi būti nepertraukiamas ir nuolatinis. Vaikas yra asmuo, neturintis 18 metų. Teisėti vaiko atstovai yra tėvai, įtėviai, globėjai, rūpintojai ir kiti asmenys, kurie pagal įstatymą ar kitą teisės aktą privalo jam atstovauti, ginti jo teises ir teisėtus interesus. Yra du pilietybės įgijimo būdai: a) gimimo faktas ir b) natūralizacija. Valstybės suteikdamos vaikui pilietybę laikosi tam tikrų principų: nacionalinio ir teritorinio arba mišraus. Lietuvoje vaikas, kurio abu tėvai jo gimimo metu buvo LR piliečiai, yra LR pilietis, nesvarbu, ar jis gimė LR teritorijoje, ar už jos ribų. Šio straipsnio taikymo problema atsiranda tais atvejais,kai vaikas gimsta valstybėje, kuri taiko teritorinį pilietybės įgijimo principą. Daugelis problemų iškyla dėl vaikų pilietybės įgijimo kai tėvai yra skirtingų valstybių piliečiai. Pavyzdžiui, jeigu vaiko tėvai turi ne tą pačią pilietybę ir vaiko gimimo metu vienas iš jų buvo vienos šalies pilietis, tai vaiko gimusio už tos šalies ribų, tos šalies pilietybė gali būti įgyjama jeigu tėvai sutinka. Kita problema gali iškilti tuo atveju, kai abu vaiko tėvai turi skirtingą pilietybę, bet vaikas gimsta trečiojoj šalyje. Lietuvoje vaikas, kurio vienas iš tėvų vaiko gimimo metu buvo LR pilietis, o kitas buvo asmuo be pilietybės arba nežinomas, yra LR pilietis neatsižvelgiant į vaiko gimimo vietą. Analizuojant valstybių... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Describing the nationality firstly the dependence to the state is stressed, secondly – the legal connection between citizen and state, that should be mutual, constant and continuous. A child is a person under 18 years old. Legal representatives of the child are parents, adoptive parents, tutors, guardians and other persons who according to the law can represent the child, protect his/her rights and legal interests. There two ways to achieve the nationality: a) by birth and b) by naturalization. There are some principles that the states usually comply in the cases of the child birth: national, territorial or mixed. In Lithuania the child, who’s both parents are citizens of RoL on the time of the child birth, is citizen of RoL and it doesn’t matter if the child is born in the territory of RoL or outside. The problem arises when the child is born in the state where the land principle dominates. Lots of problems rise when the parents have different nationalities. For instance, if the parents of the child has the different nationalities and on the time of the child birth one of the parents was the citizen of that state, so the child, who was born outside the state, nationality of that state can be acquired if the parents agrees. Another problem can arise if the parents of the child have different nationality, and the child is born in the third country. In Lithuania, if the child, who’s one of he parents was citizen of RoL and the other stateless person on the time of the child... [to full text]
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Brabrand, Scott Sorensen. "Virginia Principals and School Law." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27548.
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This study sought to determine Virginia Public School principals' knowledge of school law as it related to the type, length/quantity, and recency of law preparation they received. Other variables measured included how their level of knowledge was associated with their length of administrative experience and with their description of the school community in which they worked.An on-line survey instrument was designed to collect demographic and professional information and to test knowledge of court cases and federal and state statutes. Three hundred and twelve principals completed the survey, representing all grade levels and all regions in the State of Virginia. The principals' knowledge of school law was measured by a forty item true-false test that addressed four key areas of school law selected by a panel of experts: student issues, teacher/administrator issues, tort liability, and church/state relations.The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and post hoc tests. The findings of this study indicated a significant difference of the means, ά =.05, between the principals' knowledge of school law in the category of tort liability and the recency of legal preparation. Principals who received their legal preparation over 10 years ago scored significantly lower on the tort section of the test than those who received their legal preparation only 5-10 years ago. Findings also indicated that principals across all categories of school law displayed only a fair knowledge of school law, earning a mean score of 29.359 out of 40 or 73.3%. The principals' weakest area of school law was in the category of church/state relations. These findings would provide valuable information for the design of principal preparation programs. They would also encourage state educational policymakers and local school divisions to strengthen the professional development of principals on legal matters.Ed. D.
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Gaigalas, Gerimantas. "Tarptautinės atsakomybės principai aplinkos apsaugos teisėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20060314_152627-27747.
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The international environmental responsibility has became a very important issue for the international community and especially for Lithuania caused of the specific geographical and geopolitical situation.The subject of the master's thesis is the principles of international environmental responsibility - principles, setting up the main guidelinesfor the development of the international legal norms, which describes international responsibility arising out of the environmental harm as well as relations among states.
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Magone, Michael A. "Education law priorities and need a comparative analysis /." CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-09262007-112630/.
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Goubinat, Marine. "Les principes directeurs du droit des contrats." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAD001/document.
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La notion de principe directeur est apparue en procédure civile il y a une quarantaine d’années et sert depuis de guide établissant les garanties fondamentales de bonne justice dans le procès civil. Elle s’est, ensuite, implantée en matière administrative et pénale. Un engouement pour cette notion l'a fait apparaître récemment en droit des contrats à un double niveau : au plan interne tout d'abord, depuis 2008, les différents projets de réforme du droit des contrats innovent par la création d’une nouvelle catégorie juridique, les principes directeurs. En fonction des projets, il est proposé d’intégrer dans cette catégorie la liberté contractuelle, la force obligatoire, la bonne foi, la cohérence. Au plan européen ensuite, les autorités bruxelloises s'interrogent, depuis un certain temps, sur l'opportunité de l'élaboration d'un droit européen des contrats commun à tous les États Membres. À cet effet, on retrouve des principes directeurs dans divers textes, codifications savantes et propositions à venir. Dès lors, ce concept a suscité un grand intérêt et les commentateurs ont majoritairement porté un regard très critique sur cette éventuelle introduction. Plus rarement, cette dernière a provoqué une certaine approbation. L’objet de la recherche consiste donc à approfondir le concept de principes directeurs du droit des contrats car après les premières questions liées à la curiosité scientifique doivent venir les recherches portant sur la science des principes directeurs du droit des contrats. Et si la notion est aujourd’hui fréquemment utilisée, son concept demeure énigmatique, aucun consensus ne s’étant opéré sur le sens même à lui donner et sur ses effets. La notion présente donc de nombreuses zones d’ombres qu’il faudra révéler, d’autant plus, qu’après de multiples résistances du Sénat, la loi du 16 février 2015 a habilité le gouvernement à réformer le droit des contrats par la voie de l’ordonnance. Or, les derniers projets reconnaissent des principes directeurs, il est donc temps d'apprécier la notion et ses effets potentielsThe notion of guiding principle appeared in the field of civil procedure forty years ago and has been since then used as a guide establishing fundamental guarantees for fair justice in the civil trial. Later on, it was implemented in the criminal and administrative matters. Enthusiasm for this notion made it emerge recently in the field of contract law at a double layer: firstly in the domestic legal order, the different reform projects for contract law have been innovating since 2008 because guiding principles have been determined as a new legal category in this matter. According to the project, including in this category contractual freedom, binding force, good faith and coherence has been proposed. Secondly, from a European perspective, Brussels authorities have been questioning for quite a long time the opportunity to elaborate a European contract law common to all member States. As a consequence, some guiding principles can be identified in several sources, scientific codifications and proposals to come. Since then, this concept has generated a great interest and commentators have mainly severely criticised a hypothetic introduction. More rarely, it has been significantly supported. Therefore the purpose of the research is to study in depth the concept of guiding principles in contract law since after the first questions relying on scientific curiosity, researches related to the science of guiding principles in contract law must come. Even though the notion is today often used, its concept remains an enigma, no consensus has been found on its sense or effects. The notion carries many shadowy aspects that will have to be enlightened, especially as after several oppositions from the Senate, the Act adopted on the 16th of February in 2015 authorised the Government to reform contract law by executive orders. Nonetheless, the latest projects recognise some guiding principles so it is time to evaluate the relevance of the notion and determine its potential effects
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Ringelevičienė, Violeta. "Šeimos teisės socialinis veiksmingumas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20061228_203302-68080.
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Šio darbo tikslas – remiantis mokslinės literatūros, teisės aktų ir teismų praktikos analize atskleisti šeimos santykių teisinio reguliavimo socialinį veiksmingumą. Darbą sudaro trys dalys. Pirma dalis – Šeimos teisės socialinio veiksmingumo samprata. Joje išanalizuota mokslinė literatūra, siekiant atskleisti šeimos, šeimos teisės ir socialinio veiksmingumo sampratas. Antra dalis – Šeimos santykių teisinis reglamentavimas. Atlikta Lietuvos ir tarptautinių teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių santuokos sudarymo ir nutraukimo, asmeninius ir turtinius sutuoktinių bei asmeninius ir turtinius tėvų ir vaikų santykius, analizė. Trečioje dalyje – Šeimos teisės įgyvendinimo socialinės ir teisinės problemos - išanalizuoti teismų praktikos, Statistikos departamento ir Centrinės hipotekos įstaigos pateikiami duomenys, atskleistos socialinės ir teisinės problemos, mažinančios šeimos teisės socialinį veiksmingumą. Pateikta šeimos pokyčių per pastaruosius penkiolika metų analizė. Daugiausiai dėmesio skirta santuokos sudarymo ir nutraukimo, sutuoktinių turtinių santykių reguliavimo bei tėvų ir vaikų tarpusavio išlaikymo santykių socialinių ir teisinių problemų tyrimui. Darbo pabaigoje pateikiamos gautos tyrimo išvados ir rekomendacijos, kaip gerinti šeimos teisės socialinį veiksmingumą.The aim of the present research is to find out the legal proceedings of family relations social performance on the grounds of science literature, legislative acts and the analysis of case-law. The research paper consists of three parts. In the first part, based on the anglysis of various scientific literature, the conceptions of family, family law and social performance are presented. The second part is about legal regulation of family relations. The background for that research has been Lithuanian and International legislative acts of entering into marriage and dissolution of marriage, property personal rights of spouses, property personal rights between parents and children. The social and legal problems of implemintation of family law are defined in the third part of the research paper. The problems which diminish family law social performance were revealed on the basis of material taken from Deparmanent of Statistics, Central Mortage Office and case-law. At the end of the research paper there are conclusions made and recomendations on how to improve family law social performance. Keywords: family, family law, family law principles, family law social performance, legal regulation of family relations.
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Zabukaitė, Daiva. "Teisės į žalos atlyginimą ypatumai viešuosiuose pirkimuose." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2010. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2010~D_20100224_113603-32944.
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Galimybę pasinaudoti teise į žalos atlyginimą viešuosiuose pirkimuose vertėtų laikyti vienu iš kertinių elementų, galinčių padėti užtikrinti viešųjų pirkimų procedūrų viešumą, skaidrumą, atitikimą teisės aktų reikalavimams. Šio darbo tikslas – nustatyti teisės į žalos atlyginimą efektyvaus įgyvendinimo ypatumus, visapusiškai išnagrinėti kiekvieną iš būtinų sąlygų civilinei atsakomybei dėl žalos viešuosiuose pirkimuose padarymo kilti, apibendrinti Lietuvos teismų ir Europos Teisingumo Teismo praktiką. Darbe analizuojama teisė į žalos atlyginimą viešuosiuose pirkimuose (VPĮ 96 straipsnio pagrindu) ir kiti VPĮ V skyriuje įtvirtinti tiekėjų teisių gynimo būdai, aptariami jų tarpusavio ryšiai. Darbe dėmesys taip pat skiriamas sąžiningų tiekėjų pareigai ginčyti neteisėtus perkančiosios organizacijos veiksmus VPĮ V skyriuje numatyta tvarka. Siekiant išsamesnės teisės į žalos atlyginimą viešuosiuose pirkimuose instituto analizės, darbo pradžioje identifikuojamas subjektų, turinčių teisę į žalos atlyginimą viešuosiuose pirkimuose, ratas, o kitose dalyse aptariama kiekviena iš civilinei atsakomybei dėl žalos viešuosiuose pirkimuose padarymo kilti būtinų sąlygų: kaltė, neteisėti veiksmai, žala ir priežastinis ryšys tarp neteisėtų veiksmų ir žalos.One of the principal elements in the scope of public procurement is the ability to obtain damages, which ensures the transparency, publicity of public procurement procedures and meeting the requirements of law. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the singularities of the effective claim for damages, to scrutinize every condition for the civil liability in the scope of public procurement, to overview and summarize cases of Lithuanian courts and the European Court of Justice. The right to damages in the field of public procurement (Article 96 of the Law of Public procurement of Lithuania) and other remedies for civil rights protection are analyzed in this study, identifying connection between those remedies of civil rights protection. Attention is being paid to the duty of fair supplier to file a claim about the actions or decisions of the contracting authority under the Part V of the Law of Public Procurement of Lithuania. Seeking for the exhaustive analysis of the right to damages in the beginning of the study the group of subjects having right to claim for damages is being identified, in other parts of the study - every condition for the civil liability in the field of public procurement is analyzed: existence of fault, existence of damages and existence of a causal link between the fault and the claimed damages.
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Gudonis, Almantas. "Europos Sąjungos teisės viršenybės principas valstybių narių nacionalinėje teisėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20070124_213409-14204.
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Šiame darbe atliktas ES teisės viršenybės principo pripažinimo tyrimas ES teisėje ir valstybių narių nacionalinėje teisėje, taip pat Lietuvos Respublikos teisėje. Pirmoje šio darbo dalyje atliktas ES teisės viršenybės principo ES teisėje tyrimas. Atskleista ES teisės viršenybės principo prigimtis ES teisėje, aptarta ETT praktika plėtojant ES teisės viršenybės principo koncepciją ir suformuluota ES teisės viršenybės principo ES teisėje samprata šiandien, parodanti ES teisės viršenybės principo pripažinimo valstybėse narėse maksimalią apimtį. Antroje šio darbo dalyje atliktas ES teisės viršenybės principo pripažinimo valstybių narių nacionalinėje teisėje tyrimas ir nustatytas ES teisės viršenybės principo pripažinimo lygis tiriamosiose valstybėse narėse.This is research of European Union (EU) law's supremacy principle and fulfilled analysis nature of this principle and development of EU law's supremacy in EU and recognizing it on domestic law systems of member states and in Lithuania’s law system. EU law's supremacy principal acknowledging process of member states indicates that the constitutional basis of EC law supremacy principle should be on the basis of national constitutional law by the members of the EU, and the main actors who invoke this principle are national courts, especially Constitutional Courts of member states. The research of this job shows what level of acknowledging process took place in some member states. This level is result of assessment national constitutional provisions and judicial practice. One group of member states have a good constitutional basis and recognizing practice in the national courts i.e. United Kingdom, Sweden and Finland. Another group of member states have sufficient constitutional basis and recognizing practice in the national courts i.e. Austria, Netherlands and Greece and. Next group of member states have satisfactory or insufficient constitutional basis and recognizing practice in the national courts i.e. Belgium and Luxemburg Member countries of the same group like, Slovenia ant Portugal have satisfactory constitutional basis but partly recognizing judicial practice. Lithuania is taking a special place between Luxemburg or Belgium and Czech Republic, because Lithuania has a... [to full text]
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Moreno, Molina José Antonio. "General Principles of Public Procurement in Recent International, European and Latin American Law." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118488.
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The paper reflects on the importance of the general principles of public procurement in the application and interpretation of the law in this area. To this objective both the international law of administrative contracts, which has its main landmarks in the government procurement agreement of the World Trade Organization and the United Nations Model Law, as the regulation and case law of the European Union are analyzed, which has laid a very advanced teaching in this regard. Finally it is subject to review recent legislation compared to Latin America on public procurement, which attaches great importance to general principles.En el trabajo se reflexiona acerca de la importancia de los principios generales de la contratación pública en la aplicación e interpretación del Derecho en la materia. A tal efecto se analizan tanto el Derecho Internacional de las contrataciones administrativas, que tiene sus principales hitos en el Acuerdo de compras públicas de la Organización Mundial del Comercio y en la Ley Modelo de Naciones Unidas, como la regulación y jurisprudencia de la Unión Europea, que ha sentado una doctrina muy avanzada al respecto. Finalmente es objeto de comentario la reciente legislación comparada de países de América latina sobre contratos públicos, que concede una gran importancia a los principios generales.
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Nyoni, Jabulani. "School admissions and principals' craft-competency and craft-literacy in case law compliance." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10022008-132017/.
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Petrikaitė, Eglė. "Aplinkos apsaugos principų įgyvendinimas Lietuvos aplinkosaugos teisėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140603_110255-94280.
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Magistro baigiamajame darbe atskleista, išanalizuota, įvertinta apsaugos principų įgyvendinimas teisės aktais, atskleistas aplinkos apsaugos principų turinys ir samprata, išanalizuota kaip aplinkos apsaugos principai įtvirtinti tarptautinės teisės, Europos Sąjungos bei Lietuvos teisės sistemose. Nors aiškaus aplinkos apsaugos principų sąrašo nėra, šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe išanalizuoti dominuojantys teisės aktuose aplinkos apsaugos principai, kurie teisės mokslininkų yra išskiriami kaip pagrindiniai aplinkos apsaugos principai turintys didelę įtaką visai aplinkos apsaugos politikai bei teisei. Aplinkos apsaugos principai yra pagrindas visos aplinkos apsaugos teisės sistemos, todėl šio darbo iškeltas tikslas- išanalizuoti , kokie aplinkos apsaugos principai labiausiai dominuoja teisės aktuose, apibrėžti šių principų sampratą, turinį, reglamentavimą, nustatyti kokiais teisės aktais ir kaip šie principai yra įgyvendinami Lietuvos aplinkosaugos teisėje. Siekiant darbo tikslo, analizuojama metodinė, norminė, specialioji leteratūra, analizuota teismų praktika. Apibendrinus darbo rezultatus, galima teigti, kad įgyvendinant aplinkos apsaugos principus Lietuvos teisinėje sistemoje yra priimami ir keičiami nacionaliniai teisės aktai, priimamos aplinkos apsaugos strategijos, formuojama teismų praktika. Tačiau šiuo metu tiek Europos Sąjungos tiek nacionaliniai teisės aktai yra nesistemingi, dažnai keičiami ir tai sukelia tam tikras ne tik aplinkos apsaugos principų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]Currently, the environmental protection is considered to be one of the priorities for national policies and warrants increasing public interest in it and legal regulation. In legal literature it is recognized that the principles are the main provisions on which legal regulation is based and the law is realized. Legal norms are based on these principles they are used in practice of courts when eliminating the conflict of laws and fill in the gaps in law. Therefore, it is obvious that the principles have great importance to the legal system and at the same time to the public relations. Gradually formed principles of environmental protection influenced the content of environmental protection norms and their implementation. Legal norms are implemented on the basis of legal regulation and the legal relations are founded on their basis. Therefore, in this master's work the final implementation of the principles in environmental protection legislation will be analyzed. In view of the fact that international law has priority over national law and the fact that Lithuania is a member of the European Union and the principle of supremacy of Community law therefore is applicable to Lithuanian legal system, the aim of this Master’s thesis is to reveal the content and concept of principles of environmental protection and to analyze how environmental principles are defined in international law, the European Union low and in the legal system of Lithuania. Although there isn`t any clear... [to full text]
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Jankauskas, Kęstutis. "Teisės principų samprata ir jos įtvirtinimas konstitucinėje jurisprudencijoje." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20051017_114820-87997.
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The problem at issue and importance of the topic
The subject at issue is specified in essence in the title of the thesis, it is the principles of law, their theoretical concept and consolidation of this concept in legal practice, i.e. constitutional jurisprudence. The elements of the concept of the principles of law are considered to be: a general theoretical definition of the principles, a linguistic notion of the principles of law, the basic features of their expression in a legal text, the role and meaning of the principles of law in the general system of standards of perfect behaviour, which are attributed to law, as well as functions of the principles of law in the legal process, and the features of and differences between interpretation of standards of direct and indirect regulatory effect on social relations and behaviour of abstract type, in comparison to ordinary norms of law.
The realities of legal life, especially the activity of the constitutional and administrative control institutions, as well as powers of the courts of general jurisdiction to question the constitutionality of acts of positive law, determine the fact that entities of legal relations can direct and must direct their own behaviour and that of others not only by taking into consideration the standards of behaviour, which are traditionally entrenched in primary sources of law, the normative legal acts adopted by the law-maker and/or other authorised law-making entities, but taking into... [to full text]
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Shi, Feng. "Principles of European Union water law." Thesis, University of Macau, 2007. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1944040.
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Noble, Deborah Rice. "The principles of Islamic maritime law." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308077.
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Kalužonytė, Gabija Jurgita. "Konstitucinis teisinės valstybės principas." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2004~D_20050603_130356-18167.
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Many democratic countries in Europe seek to form a law-governed state. In Lithuania this model is formulated as the long term and strategic ideal of the State’s development, which we find in the preamble of 1992 Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania.
Law-governed state is responsible for realization of the rights and freedom of all the citizens, it has to ensure the separation of powers in the State, the legality of actions of the authority and all the public and private organizations and the supremacy of Constitution.
At the end of XXth century researchers noticed, that various branches of national law also practice of using of legal norms and even science of law, undergoes bigger and bigger influence of Constitution and its values. Constitution penetrates deeper and deeper into the whole legal life. Constitutional fixing of the main personal rights and freedoms, direct implementation of Constitution, appearance of the institutions of the constitutional control and their active proceeding, possibility to defend one’s rights using Constitution, makes the main law of the country the real centre of life. Today the national law is looked at through the prism of constitutionality.
Constitutional principle of the law-governed state is one of the most important principles of our Constitution. It has all the elements of the law-governed state. Besides, this principle means, that this kind of development of State is legalized by the highest law in Lithuania – the Constitution... [to full text]
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Diban, Hollstein Miska 1992, and Salinas Oscar 1989 Riquelme. "Identificación y análisis de las principales problemáticas de las mipymes en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/136514.
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Seminario para optar al título de Ingeniero Comercial, Mención AdministraciónSegún estudios, las MIPYMES contribuyen entre un 15,4% a un 19,9% del PIB. Del mismo modo, al 2013 las MIPYMES emplean formalmente alrededor del 48% de la población, sin embargo, hay que tener en consideración la gran cuantía de trabajadores independientes que se desempeñan en MIPYMES, lo que implica que estas personas no son medidas dentro de las definiciones formales. Las MIPYMES son poco productivas en comparación a las grandes empresas; las grandes empresas son 2,5 veces más productivas que las medianas, y 4 veces la productividad media total. Lo anterior se debe a factores exógenos a las firmas e intrínsecos, como las economías de escala, la baja diferenciación entre dueño y gerente, financiamiento más caro, baja inversión en I+D, falta de capital humano avanzado, enfoque al mercado interno y a la organización industrial correspondientes a países en vía de desarrollo. Es posible que los problemas de gestión de las MIPYMES comprenda principalmente la pérdida de la actividad principal del negocio a medida que éste crece, la carencia de una mirada de largo plazo y de buenos administradores y falencias en los presupuestos, así como también el no desarrollo de una verdadera visión de marketing y deficiencias en actividades claves de producción. Destaca la importancia de la gestión del recurso humano en las empresas de menor tamaño, la cual favorece la motivación y por ende la productividad; actualmente dichas empresas no capacitan, no consideran el trabajo en equipo y no tienen roles definidos entre colaboradores. El presente estudio realiza un análisis cuantitativo de dos bases de datos: Diagnóstico de Clínica de Microempresa y Fichas de Postulación a Asesorías FEN. Se observa que dentro del marco de análisis de los diagnósticos de los casos de Clínica de Microempresas, las problemáticas de gestión que se mantienen presentes en mayor proporción en estas firmas son: deficiencias en la estructuras de costos, contabilidad, segmentos de clientes y promoción, resultado que se mantiene relativamente constante para el análisis por rubro. En el segundo análisis, referentes a las fichas de postulación a asesorías FEN, se mantienen invariantes como problemáticas principales falencias en promoción, fuentes de ingreso, contabilidad, estructura de costo y segmento de cliente. Los resultados varían en algunas problemáticas según sector y tamaño. Se concluye en ambos análisis, que la falta de conocimientos contables y promoción se posicionan como problemáticas comunes dentro de las MIPYMES.
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Eggers, Barbara. "The precautionary principle in WTO law." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.sub.uni-hamburg.de/disse/451/Disse.pdf.
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Apolevič, Jolanta. "The Impact of the Principles of International Environmental Law on Nuclear Law." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140922_141136-97141.
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The thesis presents an investigation of the direct and indirect impact of environmental legal principles on international nuclear law and the regulation of nuclear activities, seeking to offer an up-to-date material for decision-making institutions and society on the main challenges that are necessary to overcome in order to reach the situation where nuclear energy could in the most effective way contribute to the implementation of environmental aims and where the environment could be adequately protected against any risks of the possible transboundary damage caused by nuclear activities developed for peaceful purposes (the analysis carried out in the thesis adopts an ecocentric rather than anthropocentric approach). The environmental legal principles chosen as an object for the analysis are those that provide for the guidelines and directions for the development of the international norms of nuclear law as well as lay down the regime for protecting natural environment (environmental safeguards) and international liability for environmental damage caused as a result of nuclear activities (i.e., the principles of cooperation, sustainable development, prevention, precaution, polluter pays, and the principle of information). After defining the points of interaction between international environmental law and nuclear law, the analysis proceeds with the examination of problems related to the evolution of environmental legal principles and their perspectives in the area of the... [to full text]Disertacijoje nagrinėjama tiesioginė ir netiesioginė aplinkos teisės principų įtaka tarptautinei branduolinei teisei ir branduolinės energetikos objektų reguliavimui, siekiant informuoti sprendimus priimančias institucijas ir visuomenę apie pagrindinius iššūkius, kuriuos reikia įveikti siekiant, kad branduolinė energetika kiek įmanoma veiksmingiau prisidėtų įgyvendinant aplinkosauginius tikslus, o aplinka būtų tinkamai apsaugota nuo taikiais tikslais vystomos branduolinės veiklos keliamos tarpvalstybinės žalos rizikos (analizės metu vyrauja ekocentrinis, o ne antropocentrinis požiūris). Analizės objektu pasirinkti tie aplinkos teisės principai, kurie numato gaires tarptautinėms branduolinės teisės normoms plėtotis, nustato gamtos apsaugos režimą (saugiklius) bei tarptautinę atsakomybę, atsirandančią dėl branduolinės energetikos objektų sukelto žalingo poveikio aplinkai (t.y. bendradarbiavimo, darnaus vystymosi, prevencijos, atsargumo, teršėjas moka ir informavimo principai). Nurodžius tarptautinės aplinkos teisės ir branduolinės teisės sąlyčio taškus, toliau nagrinėjamos problemos dėl aplinkos teisės principų raidos ir perspektyvų branduolinės energetikos objektų reglamentavimo srityje, pateikiama susijusi nacionalinių ir tarptautinių ginčų sprendimo institucijų dėl branduolinės energetikos objektų praktika, atsakoma į klausimą, kuris iš minėtų aplinkos teisės principų veikimo modelių – tiesioginis ar netiesioginis – yra veiksmingesnis siekiant įgyvendinti užsibrėžtus... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Balmaceda, Jorge. "La vente de marchandises dans les systèmes de droit civil et de common law : une étude des droits anglais, chilien et français." Thesis, Paris 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA01D041/document.
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La common law et le droit civil sont les principaux systèmes de droit dans le monde et la vente de marchandises est le contrat le plus important. La vente de marchandises a été soumise à la loi anglaise et au droit civil, indistinctement, ce qui a parfois posé des problèmes, suite à des approximations différentes en fonction de certains principes et institutions. La Convention de Vienne du 11 avril 1980 sur la vente internationale de marchandises a essayé d'harmoniser ces différences avec une technique codificatrice, typique du droit civil, en privilégiant des règles de droit civil le plus souvent, mais a aussi introduit des institutions de la common law, qui ne sont pas incompatibles avec le droit civil, comme nous le verrons. Les principes généraux du système de droit civil et les principes d'Unidroit aident à ce but d'harmonisation en intégrant les dispositions de la Convention de Vienne de 1980, et même, lors de la phase interprétative. La force de la codification s'impose par rapport à la common law, en donnant ainsi certitude et sophistication législative à ce sujet, dont l'importance est capitale pour le commerce mondialCommon Law and Civil Law are the main legal systems in the world and the sale of goods is the most important contract. Sales of goods have been ruled either by English Law or Civil Law, which has posed problems sometimes due to different approaches regarding certain principles and institutions. The 11th April 1980 Vienna Convention on international sale of goods tried to harmonise these differences with a codification technique, typical of Civil Law, giving privilege to rules of Civil Law most of the time but also introducing institutions from Common Law, that are not incompatible with Civil Law, as we will see. The general principles of Civil Law and Unidroit principles help with this harmonisation goal, integrating the rules of the CISG and also with the interpretation phase. The power of codification prevails over Common Law, giving certitude and sophistication to this matter, which is vital for global commerce
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St, John David. "Non-Ownership Principles as Understood by Lay Practitioners of Jainism and Quakerism." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3205.
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This thesis examines how lay members of the Jain and Quaker traditions understand and navigate ideals of non-ownership. The tenets of aparigraha (non-ownership) and the testimony of simplicity are explored to show how interpretation of sacred texts leave open the possibility for financial success.
Through interviews with members of Jain and Quaker communities in the US, and textual research, I assert that proper methods for earning, maintaining and using capital in each tradition transcend prohibitions against excess accumulation. Following Foucault and Weber, I show that proper ethical ways of earning and spending money depend on community-based interpretations and self-policing.
My research suggests that lay members focus on ethical ways to earn and spend money rather than the amount of wealth they possess. Due to these foci, transgressions of ideals are viewed within community-established norms, which maintain high levels of engagement with both the capital world and their own religious tradition.
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Cangalaya, Sevillano Luis Miguel. "Uso de las normas APA 7ma edición: principales cambios." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/656114.
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Luis Miguel Cangalaya Sevillano-Expositor (Perú)Las actualizaciones de la norma APA se ha dado con la finalidad de proteger los derechos de autor de las investigaciones de diversos autores, el cual conlleva a un manejo de normas estandarizadas para su uso y manejo, apoyado de un gestor de referencias el cual da un mejor manejo y uso por parte de los investigadores, generando un incremento de interés por parte de la población en que las buenas prácticas de las universidades peruanas direccionando a sus alumnos a un buen uso de recopilación de información. Asimismo, perfeccionan y fortalecen las intervenciones de cada uno de sus estudiantes volviéndolos más competitivos y capaces de enfrentar diversos retos.
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Power, Donna M. "A Study of Selected Virginia Principals' Knowledge of Special Education Law." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26036.
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With the re-authorization of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) and the federal mandates of No Child Left Behind (NCLB), the role of the principal has new implications regarding the free and appropriate education of students with disabilities. As a result of the inclusion model of special education instruction being supported as the most effective learning environment for students with disabilities, principals now need to know the definitions of types of disabilities, appropriate placements, how to provide correct feedback for parents and at a minimum, the basics of special education law. The literature review focused on principals’ attitudes and concerns for special education placements and how knowledgeable school principals are with regard to issues of special education law and the possibility of litigation when planning for the free and appropriate education of special education students. Few U.S. studies have focused exclusively on the actual principals’ knowledge of special education law.
This study researched the knowledge of Virginia principals on special education. A geographical random sample of 462 principals from the state of Virginia were asked to complete an on-line survey of 24 hypothetical scenarios based on the following components of IDEA: free and appropriate public education, due process, individualized education plans, least restrictive environment, related services, student discipline and liability for reimbursement of parents.. Experts, practitioners, and researchers in the field reviewed these scenarios.
The survey was e-mailed to the principals from October 1st to November 1st, 2006. A follow up e-mail was sent two weeks after the initial contact as a reminder to complete the survey. From November 2nd to November 15th 10% of the respondents who did not respond were contacted by phone and asked why they did not respond. Out of 49 phone calls, 12 principals responded. The instrument was anonymous and color coded according to the eight Superintendents’ Study Groups across the state of Virginia in order to identify the number of schools that participated.
A total of 236 principals responded resulting in a 51% response rate. Upon completion of the questionnaire principals were provided correct responses.
Using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on all demographic variables and the principals’ test score. An item analysis of each of the hypothetical scenarios determined the areas of deficiencies in the principals’ knowledge base. Results of this study show that there is no significant difference between principals’ test scores and each of the demographic variables. Seven areas of special education law were tested: free and appropriate public education (FAPE), individualized education plan (IEP), least restrictive environment (LRE), student discipline, related services, due process and liability for reimbursement of parents This study identified two significant areas of weakness: related services and FAPE. The information from this study will be beneficial in determining school districts’ professional development needs and coursework in university education programs that addresses special education law.Ph. D.
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Boreiša, Ričardas. "Nekaltumo prezumpcija." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120703_143149-86752.
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Nekaltumo prezumpcija – pamatinis ir visuotinai pripažįstamas baudžiamosios teisės principas, įtvirtintas tarptautiniuose teisės tiek nacionaliniuose teisės aktuose. Šio principo postulatas reikalauja asmenį laikyti nekaltu, jei neįrodoma priešingai ir suponuoja būtinų procesinių taisyklių laikymąsi nustatant tam tikras proceso dalyvių teises ir pareigas. Tačiau nekaltumo prezumpcijos principas turi tam tikrų prieštaravimų, kurių esminis yra tai, kad baudžiamajame procese greta nekaltumo prezumpcijos egzistuoja jos antipodas - kaltumo prezumpcija. Jei tokios nebūtų, būtų neįmanomą prieš asmenį pradėti baudžiamąjį procesą ir taikyti jam procesines prievartos priemones. Vadinasi nekaltumo prezumpcija nėra ir negali būti suabsoliutinama baudžiamajame procese, tačiau visgi ji būtina kaip asmens teisių garantas.
Šiuolaikinėje baudžiamojoje teisėje, nors ir suvokiama nekaltumo prezumpcijos svarba žmogaus teisių užtikrinimo kontekste ir vienų mokslininkų laikoma objektyvia ir visuotinai privaloma teisine nuostata, visgi yra manančių, kad nekaltumo prezumpcija yra viso labo tik fikcija, neturinti praktinės reikšmės. Be to nekaltumo prezumpcija nebegalioja tik nuo to momento kai įsiteisėja kaltumą konstatuojantis teismo nuosprendis. Vadinasi kol vyksta ikiteisminis tyrimas, ar teismo procesas, daugelis aplinkybių dar nėra pilnutinai ištirtos, taigi nesibaigus teisminiam nagrinėjimui išlieka didėlė tikimybė nekaltai apkaltinti asmenį. Todėl praktikoje dažnai kyla nekaltumo prezumpcijos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The presumption of innocence is the fundamental and general principle in the criminal law which is recognized both: internationally and nationally. The presumption of innocence - is the principle that one is considered innocent until proven guilty. This principle implies that there should be the certain and strict rules followed in the process while settling the rights and obligations of the participants of the criminal procedures. However this principle has some contradictions with other principles. The essential contradiction is with the presumption of guilt. Without the presumption of guilt there would be impossible to start the criminal proceedings and to impose coercive measures against any person. So the presumption of innocence is not and can not be considered as absolute principle, but the one which guarantees the implementation of certain rights of the person in criminal proceedings. Even though in modern criminal law the importance of the presumption of innocence to ensure human rights is realized and principle is considered as universally binding legal provision by many researchers, some researches express the opinion that presumption of innocence is pure fiction and that it has no practical significance. The presumption of innocence proceeds until someone is found guilty by final and valid court decision. Taking into the consideration mentioned above during the pre-trial investigation or during the trial many factors have not yet been fully explored and... [to full text]
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Huang, Jiefang. "The common interest principle in space law /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64496.
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Urlakienė, Laima. "Administracinės teisės principų įgyvendinimas Valstybinės mokesčių inspekcijos veikloje: Šiaulių apskrities valstybinės mokesčių inspekcijos atvejis." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120703_133550-43296.
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Bakalauro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamas administracinės teisės principų įgyvendinimas Valstybinės mokesčių inspekcijos veikloje, išanalizuojant administracinės teisės principų sampratą, rūšis, funkcijas bei realizavimą viešajame administravime ir ištiriant šių principų įgyvendinimą Šiaulių apskrities valstybinės mokesčių inspekcijos atveju.The present Bachelor Thesis deals with implementation of administrative law principles within the activities of State Tax Inspectorate by analysing the conception, types, functions of administrative law as well as realisation thereof in public administration and by studying implementation of these principles in case of Šiauliai County State Tax Inspectorate.
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Souza, Dominique Monge Rodrigues de. "As cortes de justiça senatorial e imperial na cidade de Roma nos relatos de Tácito e de Plínio, o Jovem (séculos I-II d.C.) /." Franca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/183653.
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Orientador: Margarida Maria de CarvalhoResumo: Este estudo tem por finalidade analisar as cortes de justiça senatorial e imperial, através das obras Cartas e Panegírico a Trajano escritas por Plínio, o Jovem, e Diálogo dos Oradores, Agrícola, Histórias e Anais I-VI de Tácito. A organização judiciária da cidade de Roma, durante o Principado, contava com diferentes cortes de justiça. Apesar de perpassar a jurisdição de diferentes cortes de justiça, a presente tese irá se centrar na interpretação das acusações de maiestas e repetundae, relatadas por esses dois senadores romanos, que foram instauradas perante as cortes senatorial e imperial. Ambas as cortes se configuraram como ambientes privilegiados para a análise das negociações entre o Senado e o princeps e, por esta razão, serão objetos do nosso estudo. Veremos como a escolha de uma corte de justiça e os procedimentos empregados no julgamento dos processos eram permeados por negociações entre o Senado e os imperadores atuantes. Como discorremos, Tácito e Plínio centraram suas narrativas no (des)equilíbrio da distribuição das funções e dos poderes jurídicos e político-administrativos entre o Senado e o princeps. Assim, investigaremos a hipótese da existência de um entrelaçamento entre as práticas político-administrativas e as práticas jurídicas durante o Principado. Nesse sentido, partiremos do estudo das acusações de repetundae e maiestas identificadas em nossa documentação. O crimen repetundarum e o crimen maiestatis, de modo geral, criminalizavam, respectivamente, o su... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This study’s goal is to analyze the senatorial and imperial law courts through Pliny the Younger’s works Letters and Panegyric to Trajan, as well as Tacitus' works Dialogue on Oratory, Agricola, Histories and Annals I-VI. The judiciary structure of the city of Rome, during the Principate, featured different law courts. Although it encompasses the jurisdiction of different law courts, this thesis will focus on the interpretation of the accusations of maiestas and repetundae reported by these two Roman senators that were installed in the senatorial and imperial law courts. Both courts of justice became privileged environments for the analysis of the negotiations between the Senate and the princeps, and, for this reason, they are the objects of our study. We will see how the choice for a law court and the procedures employed in the trials of the processes were permeated by negotiations between the Senate and the regent emperors. As discussed, Tacitus and Pliny centered their narratives around the (im)balance of function distribution and legal and political-administrative powers between the Senate and the princeps. Thus, we will investigate the hypothesis of an interweaving between the political-administrative practices and the legal practices during the Principate. In this way, we will proceed to the study of the accusations of repetundae and maiestas identified in our sources. The crimen repetundarum and the crimen maiestatis, in a broad manner, criminalized, respectively, brib... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Résumé: Cette étude vise à analyser les cours sénatoriales et impériales, à travers les oeuvres Correspondance et Panégyrique de Trajan, écrites par Pline le Jeune et le Dialogue des orateurs, la Vie d’Agricola, les Histoires et les Annales I-VI de Tacite. L’organisation judiciaire de la ville de Rome, pendant le Principat, avait différentes cours de justice. Malgré aborder la juridiction des différentes cours de justice, cette thèse se concentra sur l’interpretation des accusations de maiestas et de repentundae, rapportées par ces deux sénateurs romains, qui ont été instaurées devant les cours sénatorial et impérial. Les deux cours ont été configurées comme des environnements privilégies pour l’analyse des négociations entre le Sénat et le princeps et, pour cette raison, feront l’objet de notre étude. Nous verrons comment le choix d’une cour de justice et les procédures suivies lors du procès ont été imprégnés de négociations entre le Sénat et les empereurs actifs. Comme nous avons discouru, Tacite et Pline ont centré leur récit sur le (dés)équilibre de la répartition des fonctions et des pouvoirs juridiques et politico-administratifs entre le Sénat et le princeps. Ainsi, nous étudierons l’hypothèse de l’existence d’une imbrication entre pratiques politico-administratifs et pratiques juridiques pendant le Principat. En ce sens, nous commencerons par l’étude des accusations de repetundae et maiestas identifiées dans notre documentation. Le crimen repetundarum et le crimen maiestatis,... (Résumé complet accès életronique ci-dessous)
Doutor
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Zhou, Han-Ru. "Implied constitutional principles." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ca2491fc-a372-4adc-afe0-2f832fcc7082.
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This thesis challenges some of the current limits to the grounds for judicial review of legislation accepted by most Canadian jurists. More specifically, it makes a common law-based argument in favour of the priority over legislation of principles which are implied from the Imperial Constitution Acts 1867-1982 and which originally derive from the English constitution – namely implied constitutional principles. The argument faces two main interrelated legal objections: Parliamentary sovereignty and the Framers’ intentions. The first objection is rebutted by arguing that Parliamentary sovereignty possesses an ability to change in a way that can incorporate substantive legal limitations. The most prevalent common law-based theories of change to Parliamentary sovereignty suggest that the courts can authoritatively determine if implied constitutional principles can check legislation. The second objection is rebutted by reference to the notion of progressive interpretation as conceived under Hartian and Dworkinian theories of law and adjudication. Under these theories, progressive interpretation is an aspect of the courts’ best overall interpretation of the constitution, which includes implied constitutional principles. Such progressive interpretation can result in these principles constraining legislative authority. Justification of the progressive interpretation of implied constitutional principles can be based on the rule of law from which derive a number of these principles. One plausible conception of the Canadian rule of law is that it rejects the view that implied constitutional principles can prevail when in conflict with legislation. However, the better conception is that, as an attempt to adapt implied constitutional principles to relevant changes in society and to protect their underlying values, the judiciary should interpret these principles as capable of checking legislation to the extent that they form part of the core content of the rule of law. Such a conception and an operation of implied constitutional principles can properly be explained by Hartian or Dworkinian common law-based progressive interpretation of these principles and by their relationship with legislative authority.
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Tyni, Emil, and Simon Lindholm. "Principalen och giggaren : En undersökning av principalansvarets omfattning i gig-ekonomin." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-178910.
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Som huvudregel är en huvudman ansvarig för skada vållad av arbetstagare denne har i sin tjänst, ett så kallat principalansvar. I undantagsfall är även en huvudman ansvarig för skada vållad av den som formellt sett inte är en arbetstagare. I denna uppsats fastslås att vissa typer av gig-arbete omfattas av ett principalansvar. Gig-arbetare är en relativt ny arbetsrättslig term, som ännu inte kommit att behandlas i svensk rätt. I denna uppsats avser vi att konkretisera en skadeståndsrättslig utgångspunkt för gig-arbete, närmare bestämt i vilken mån gig-arbetare omfattas av ett principalansvar. Gig-arbetare omfattas i regel inte av ett anställningsavtal, gig-företagen tenderar i stället att klassificera de arbetspresterande som självständiga uppdragstagare. Huruvida en sådan klassificeringen av en arbetspresterare är legitim eller inte är av central vikt vid fastställandet av den arbetspresterandes rättigheter. För att klarlägga principalansvarets omfattning redogörs således först för de arbetspresterandesarbetsrättsliga situation. Arbetsrättens lagstiftning tillhandhåller inga tydliga definitioner av vad som utgör en arbetstagare, vilket innebär att svaret på frågan måste sökas på annat håll i rättskällehierarkin. I uppsatsen redogörs även för grundläggande skadeståndsrätt, med fokus på principalansvaret och dess omfattning, samt fenomenet gig-ekonomi och parterna aktiva däri. Den presenterade informationen ställs därefter i relation till arbete på gig-ekonomiska premisser. I uppsatsens slutsats konstateras att vissa typer av gig-arbete ska omfattas av ett principalansvar. Eftersom gig-ekonomin är mångfacetterad och föränderlig har det emellertid inte varit möjligt att fastslå principalansvarets exakta omfattning i sammanhanget. För att nå en slutsats i ett specifikt fall, måste en bedömning göras utifrån de unika omständigheterna som råder i just det fallet. Uppsatsens slutsats ska således förstås som en sorts grundsats eller huvudregel.
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Kondratienė, Virginija. "The principle of subsidiarity and its application to the state governance and local self-government." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110531_124816-62422.
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The dissertation analyzes the subsidiarity principle as one of the key methods of social performance of
modern jurisprudence, protection of human rights, social harmony, state governance and self-government. The
dissertation presents the evolution of the concept of subsidiarity, analysis of the meanings of its use to enable the
understanding of subsidiarity as an ethical and social value, which is important in shaping the value orientations,
in further development of the social state, improving the efficiency of institutional system management, protection
of individual rights and their effective implementation in the state organization. The dissertation analyzed the
European Union legislation and documents of institutions important for the understanding of the concept of
subsidiarity and its practical application, by demonstrating how through the application of this principle the
competences of the institutions of the European Union and national authorities are identified and, based on the
principle of decision making in the lowest link of the management chain (closest to the citizens) the state
distributes authorisations for the institutions of the different management level (national, regional or local). The
dissertation presents the analysis of national legislation which imposes the principle of subsidiarity, discussed the
impact of the principle on the system of legal institutes, its use in the state governance and local self-government,
characterizes the subsidiarity... [to full text]Disertacijoje yra analizuojamas subsidiarumo principas kaip vienas pagrindinių šiuolaikinės jurisprudencijos, žmogaus teisių apsaugos, socialinio sugyvenimo, valstybės valdymo ir savivaldos socialinio veiksmingumo metodų. Disertacijoje pateikiama subsidiarumo sampratos raida, jo vartojimo reikšmių analizė, leidžianti subsidiarumą suvokti kaip etinę ir socialinę vertybę, kuri yra svarbi formuojant vertybines nuostatas, toliau plėtojant socialinę teisinę valstybę, didinant institucinių sistemų valdymo efektyvumą, asmens teisių saugos ir jų įgyvendinimo veiksmingumą valstybės organizacijoje. Disertacijoje aptariami teoriniam subsidiarumo principo sampratos suvokimui ir jo praktiniam taikymui svarbūs Europos Sąjungos teisės aktai ir institucijų dokumentai, parodoma kaip jį taikant identifikuojamos Europos Sąjungos ir valstybių narių institucijų kompetencijos bei, vadovaujantis sprendimų priėmimo žemiausioje valdymo grandyje (arčiausiai piliečių) principu, valstybėje paskirstomi įgaliojimai skirtingo (valstybinio, regioninio ar vietos) valdymo lygmens institucijoms. Disertacijoje pateikiama nacionalinės teisės aktų, įtvirtinančių subsidiarumo principą, analizė, aptariamas šio principo poveikis teisinių institutų sistemai, jo panaudojimas valstybės valdymui ir vietos savivaldai, apibūdinama subsidiarumo principo paskirtis valdžios institucijų sąrangoje, nustatant ir atribojant institucines galias, parlamentinės ir administracinės kontrolės objektą, nagrinėjamos šio principo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
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Dudezert, Franck. "De l'existence d'un principe de confiance légitime en droit privé." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LAROD003/document.
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L’expression « Principe de confiance légitime » désigne généralement, dans la littérature juridique française, un principe de droit public qui s’est imposé dans différents pays et dans la jurisprudence de la Cour de Justice de l’Union européenne. Au-delà de ce domaine classique, certains auteurs soutiennent qu’un tel principe existe en droit privé français. Il s’agirait, selon une partie d’entre eux, d’un principe explicatif et d’orientation. Pour un autre auteur, il en existerait plusieurs. Ces incertitudes justifient une interrogation sur le bien-fondé de l’existence d’un, voire plusieurs, principe(s) de confiance légitime en droit privé. Dans l’hypothèse où la réponse serait positive, la fonction doit être précisée afin de déterminer si ce ou ces principes n’ont que des fonctions d’orientation – ou d’interprétation – et d’explication. La présente thèse répond par l’affirmative à la première de ces questions et par la négative à la seconde. Ainsi, la première partie de la thèse met en lumière le principe. Elle soutient que le régime des produits défectueux et le droit commun de la responsabilité civile sanctionnent, dans des hypothèses variées, la violation de la confiance légitime. Ce constat présuppose qu’il existe une norme juridique qui impose de respecter cette confiance, norme qui ne peut qu’être un principe général du droit, dans la mesure où sa généralité est telle qu’elle est de nature à inspirer d’autres normes. La seconde partie traite des effets du principe. Plusieurs sont identifiés et deux font l’objet de développements plus substantiels : le droit à l’exécution forcée et la fonction satisfactoire de la responsabilité civileThe expression "Principle of legitimate expectation" is generally used, within the French legal literature, as a principle under public law which has already been established in several countries as well as exercised in the Court of Justice of the European Union jurisprudence. Beyond this classic area, some authors argue that such a principle does exist in private law. It would be, for a fraction of them, an explanatory and orientative principle. For another author, there would be several principles. These uncertainties justify interrogation on the basis of the existence of one, or even several principles of "legitimate expectation". Assuming that the answer would be positive, the function of the above-mentioned principle must be ascertained so as to determine if that or these principle(s) have for unique function orientation – or interpretation – and explanation. The present thesis tries to answer in the affirmative for the first question and to give a negative answer to the second one. The first part of this thesis highlights the principle. It argues that the legal frame of defective products regulations as well as the civil liability does punish, through several ways, the breach of the legitimate expectation. This observation assumes that there is a legal norm which requires to respect this legitimate expectation. This norm can only be considered as a general principle of law to the extent that, by virtue of its generality, it shall inspire other norms. The second part of the present thesis deals with the consequences of the principle of legitimate expectation. Several have been identified and two of them are subject to more detailed and substantial development : the forced execution related regulations and the satisfactory function of civil liability
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Daščioras, Paulius. "Biudžetinio proceso samprata ir stadijos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070113_172808-49668.
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Kiekvienais metais visame pasaulyje taip pat ir Lietuvoje yra sudarinėjami biudžetai. Biudžetas suprantamas kaip valstybės surinktos lėšos ir tų lėšų panaudojimas atliekant valstybės funkcijas ir kitoms bendroms valstybės reikmėms finansuoti. Biudžeto procesas – tai valstybinės ar vietinės valdžios veiksmai, susiję su vienu biudžetu; biudžeto projekto rengimas, vykdymas, kontrolė. Toks biudžeto procesas vyrauja ir kitose valstybėse. Nors iki šiol teisinėje doktrinoje buvo nagrinėjami klausimai dėl biudžetinio proceso, biudžeto formavimo ir kiti panašus klausimai, tačiau ši tema yra visuomet svarbi ir kiekvieną kartą analizuojant ir tiriant biudžetinį procesą atrandama naujų dar nenaudotų ir nenagrinėtų aspektų, kadangi šiuolaikinis mokslas sparčiai vystosi atrandama vis naujų dėsnių, grindžiamos vis naujos teoremos, padaroma vis pažangesnių atradimų.Each year, budgets are drafted all over the world, including Lithuania. The budget is understood as the funds accumulated by the state and the use of such funds for the performance of the State’s functions, as well as for financing other common needs of the State. Budgeting process means actions of state or local authorities related to common budget; drafting, implementation and control of the budget. Such budgeting process predominates in other states as well. Although issues of the budgeting process, budgeting and similar issues have been analysed in the legal doctrine, this topic always remains relevant and some new, not-yet-discussed and unfolded aspects come out each time an analysis or a survey of the budget is carried out, which may be a result of rapidly developing modern science, invention of new laws, substantiation of new theorems, and development of more and more sophisticated items. The paperwork analyses historical development of the budget and the budgeting process, discusses the stages of the budgeting process, and reviews legal instruments regulating each stage of the budgeting process from the analytical point of view. Legal methods of research– system analysis, historical, comparative, etc. – have been taken as a basis for the analysis of the chosen topic. The institution of the budget and the budgeting process is particularly important for economic, legal and political existence of each state. Formation of the budget, as a significant issue, is regulated... [to full text]
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Raitio, Juha. "The principle of legal certainty in EC law /." Dordrecht [u.a.] : Kluwer Acad. Publ, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/36833208X.pdf.
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Decock, Wim. "Morals are the guiding principle for common law." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116211.
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Starting from fifty citations from primary sources, this article tries to summarize a recent doctoral thesis on the transformation of traditional ius commune contract law in moral theological treatises from the early modern Catholic world. Firstly, it will be shown how theologians borrowed from the Romano-canon legal tradition to develop moral doctrine. Secondly, this contribution will try to demonstrate that the traditional conception of contract was fundamentally changed in the works of the theologians. The conclusion will be that theologians developed a doctrine of contracts which redefined contract on the basis of the autonomy of the will, without remaining insensitive to the political, moral and spiritual context in which the homo viator tried to live a God-pleasing life.Este artículo pretende ofrecer, empleando medio centenar de fuentes primarias, un resumen de mi tesis doctoral sobre la transformación del derecho de los contratos del ius commune en tratados de teología moral en los albores del mundo católico moderno. Se trata, en principio, de mostrar cómo los teólogos recurrieron a la tradición legal romano-canónica para desarrollar sus doctrinas morales. Luego, esta contribución detallará cómo los teólogos cambiaron sustancialmente la concepción tradicional del contrato, al redefinir el ius commune a partir de la moral cristiana y el derecho natural. La conclusión es que los teólogos elaboraron una doctrina de los contratos que los redefinió sobre la base de la autonomía de la voluntad, sin olvidar el contexto político, moral y espiritual en el que el hombre peregrino trató de vivir una vida consagrada al Señor.
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Himma, Kenneth Einar. "A positivist account of legal principles /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5720.
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Mokal, Rizwaan Jameel. "Consistency of principle in corporate liquidation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270410.
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Gaubytė, Milda. "Ar teritorinis ribojimas tapti kredito unijos nariu nepažeidžia asociacijos laisvės principo?" Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140614_150847-41634.
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Asociacijos laisvės principas pripažįstamas ne tik daugumos valstybių nacionalinės teisės, bet ir priskiriamas prie pagrindinių žmogaus teisių ir laisvių, kurios garantuojamos valstybių įsipareigojimais. Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucijos 35 straipsnyje, laiduojama teisė piliečiams laisvai vienytis į bendrijas. 2009 metais įsigaliojusi Kredito unijų įstatymo redakcija įtvirtino teisinio reguliavimo principą, pagal kurį kredito unijų veikla galima tik toje savivaldybėje, kurioje kredito unija turi registruotą buveinę, bei su ja besiribojančių savivaldybių teritorijoje. Analizuojant Kredito unijos įstatymą ir Konstitucijoje nustatytas normas susiduriama su dilema – ar įstatyme įtvirtintas ribojimas gali būti taikomas. Ar valstybė užtikrina laisvą asmenų jungimasi į asociacijas. Atsižvelgiant į sparčią kreditų unijų plėtrą ir siekiant teigiamos veiklos teikiami įstatymų projektai, kurie neigiamai vertina įsigaliojusį ribojimą.
Taip pat darbe aptariama kokiais principais remiamasi sprendžiant nacionalinės bei tarptautinės teisės normų taikymo susikirtimą. Kaip sprendžiamas klausimas dėl asociacijos laisvės principo užtiktinimo nacionalinėje teisėje.
Magistrinio darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai yra išanalizuoti teritorinio ribojimo svarbą valstybėje ir kokį poveikį pasikeitęs reglamentavimas atlieka kredito unijoms. Apibendrinus asociacijos laisvės principo turinį įvertinti principo taikymą sąveikaujant nacionalinės bei tarptautinės teisės normoms. Ar asociacijų laisvės principo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]The principle of freedom of association is recognized not only just for the majority of national legal systems, but it is also attributed to the fundamental human rights and freedoms as guaranteed by states. In the article 35 of the Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania, states the right of citizens freely to unite to ensure communities. In 2009, the credit unions Act entered into force which laid the legal version of the regulatory principle that credit unions can be only in the municipality in which the Credit Union has its registered office, and with the municipalities which territory is bordering. When we are analysing Credit Unions Act and Constitution established norms together there we face with a dilemma – whether entrenched norm for restriction may be applied. In this case do state ensures freedom of association mergers? The main problem of the credit unions are establishment of new more complicated procedures to found a credit union. For example establishing more restrictive common bond criteria. In general credit unions may unite members upon the following criteria: professional, geographical, work in one company or membership in one organization. Before 2009 credit unions had an ability to chose 2 of these 4 criteria. Now there are not such a possibility. There we have a clash between established restrictive common bonds for credit unions and fundamental principle - the principle of freedom of association In international law the right of everyone to join a... [to full text]
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Savickaitė, Kristina. "Sandorių kainodaros teisinio reguliavimo ypatumai Lietuvoje." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140929_100443-44320.
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Disertacijoje nagrinėjami sandorių kainodaros teisinio reguliavimo ypatumai Lietuvoje ypatingą dėmesį kreipiant į tarptautinių organizacijų (Ekonominio bendradarbiavimo ir plėtros organizacijos (EBPO) ir Europos Sąjungos) rekomendacijų įtaką jam. Pirmoje disertacijos dalyje pateikiama sandorių kainodaros samprata, sandorių kainodaros reguliavimo raida Lietuvoje ir EBPO bei Europos Sąjungos lygmeniu, tiriama tarptautinių organizacijų rekomendacijų reikšmė sandorių kainodaros reguliavimui, nagrinėjamas EBPO pavyzdinės mokesčių konvencijos dėl pajamų ir kapitalo 9 straipsnis ir jo pagrindu priimtos Lietuvos teisės normos. Ši dalis baigiama „ištiestosios rankos“ principu pagrįstos sandorių kainodaros kritika ir perspektyvomis. Antroje dalyje, skirtoje bendrosioms sandorių kainodaros praktinio taikymo nuostatoms Lietuvoje ir EBPO bei Europos Sąjungos rekomendacijų įtakai joms, tiriama palyginamumo analizė, sandorių kainodaros metodai ir jų parinkimas ir sandorių kainodaros dokumentavimo reikalavimai. Trečioje dalyje analizuojamos tarptautinės ginčų sandorių kainodaros srityje nagrinėjimo galimybės ir jų prevencija tiriant abipusio susitarimo procedūrą pagal minėtą pavyzdinę konvenciją ir sutartis dėl dvigubo apmokestinimo išvengimo, ginčų šioje srityje nagrinėjimą pagal 1990 m. liepos 23 d. Konvenciją 90/436/EEB dėl dvigubo apmokestinimo išvengimo koreguojant asocijuotų įmonių pelną ir šių ginčų prevenciją išankstiniais kainodaros susitarimais.In the dissertation there are analyzed peculiarities of transfer pricing legal regulation in Lithuania paying a special attention to the influence of international organizations‘ (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and European Union) on it. In the first part there are submitted the concept of transfer pricing, the history of transfer pricing regulation in Lithuania and at the level of OECD and the European Union, there are analyzed impact of recommendations of international organizations to the transfer pricing regulation and Article 9 of OECD Model Tax Convention on Income and on Capital and Lithuanian legal provisions adopted basing on this Article. This part is ended by presenting the critics of transfer pricing, based on arm’s length principle, and the perspectives of it. In the second part, which is dedicated to the general provisions of Lithuanian transfer pricing implementation practical issues with regard to the OECD and European Union recommendations, there are examined comparability analysis, transfer pricing methods and the selection of them, as well as transfer pricing documentation requirements. In the third part there are analyzed the legal regulation of the possibilities of international disputes on transfer pricing resolution and their prevention by examining the mutual agreement procedure under the mentioned Model Convention and conventions of double taxation, resolution of disputes according to Convention 90/436/EEC on the... [to full text]
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Vann, Vicki Jeannette 1959. "Equitable compensation in Australia : principles and problems." Monash University, Faculty of Law, 2004. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9617.
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Bishop, Jennifer M. "Agricultural land tenure : environmental principles and practice." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.249885.
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Soria, Aguilar Alfredo F., and Letts Madeleine Osterling. "Apuntes acerca de las principales obligaciones en el Contrato de Franchising." Foro Jurídico, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/120086.
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Alguna vez se preguntó cómo es que muchas empresas extranjeras, y ahora cada vez más empresas peruanas, logran crecer tanto en un periodo corto de tiempo. Los consumidores somos día a día observadores del constante crecimiento y expansión de distintos tipos de empresas.Pues bien, en el presente artículo, el autor hace una evaluación del principal origen de este fenómeno: el contrato de franquicia, el cual permite que las empresas logren hacer su marca cada vez más conocida a la vez que se posicionan en un mercado competitivo. Se trata de negocios jurídicos con terceros que aceleran su proceso de expansión sin el uso de abundantes recursos económicos. Detrás de todo contrato de franquicia, se encuentra una serie de obligaciones tanto por parte del franquisiante, como del franquisiado; obligaciones que constituyen al mismo tiempo derechos especiales para la respectiva contraparte. Dichas obligaciones son analizadas detalladamente por el autor, estableciendo todas las implicancias que estas involucran. Luego de leer el artículo, el lector conocerá los elementos fundamentales de la relación que configura el contrato de franquicia y podrá contrastarlo con la realidad, en la que este se hace cada vez más frecuente su aplicación.
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Alvarez, Lagunas Gustavo Adolfo. "Antecedentes históricos, internacionales y principios de las organizaciones sindicales." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2005. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/107606.
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El antagonismo entre el capital y el trabajo, que constituye el fondo del problema social contemporáneo, tiene profundas raíces en la historia de la humanidad, siendo necesario, para darnos cuenta exacta de la verdadera naturaleza de la cuestión social, estudiar la historia de la evolución del trabajo humano, desde la caza y pesca primitivas, hasta el régimen industrial del capitalismo moderno, y desde los amos y esclavos de la antigüedad, hasta los patrones y asalariados del siglo XX. El estudio histórico de este problema nos lleva a conclusiones que aun cuando no pueden considerarse como optimistas, sin embargo, nos muestra un mejoramiento efectivo en las condiciones del proletariado; el capitalismo del siglo XX es mucho más tolerable para el trabajador que la esclavitud, y en los últimos años su situación ha mejorado mediante la protección que le han prestado la legislación del trabajo y las asociaciones de toda índole; estas conclusiones pueden hacernos abrigar esperanzas de que en el futuro las diferencias sociales y económicas se irán atenuando, mejorándose cada día más las condiciones de vida del trabajador, y elevándose el nivel de las masas.