Academic literature on the topic 'Laws (form)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Laws (form)"

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Denton, Michael, and Craig Marshall. "Laws of form revisited." Nature 410, no. 6827 (March 2001): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35068645.

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Étkin, V. A. "Alternative form of generalized transfer laws." Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 72, no. 4 (July 1999): 748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02699286.

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TURNEY, PETER. "LAWS OF FORM AND FINITE AUTOMATA." International Journal of General Systems 12, no. 4 (September 1986): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03081078608934939.

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Berensmeyer, I. ""Twofold Vibration": Samuel Beckett's Laws of Form." Poetics Today 25, no. 3 (September 1, 2004): 465–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/03335372-25-3-465.

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Díaz-García, José A., and Francisco J. Caro-Lopera. "Estimation of mean form and mean form difference under elliptical laws." Electronic Journal of Statistics 11, no. 1 (2017): 2424–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/17-ejs1289.

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Kostytsky, V. V. "Interpretation of laws as form of law implementation." INTERPRETATION OF LAW: FROM THE THEORY TO THE PRACTICE, no. 12 (2021): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33663/2524-017x-2021-12-4.

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1. Kostytskyi M. V. Psykholohichni pytannia yurydychnoi vidpovidalnosti (krytyka prezumptsii «neznannia zakonu nezvilniaie vid vidpovidalnosti») / M. V. Kostytskyi // Yurydychna psykholohiia ta pedahohika. – 2011. – № 2 (10). – S. 3. 2. Opotiak S. Z. Teorii tlumachennia pravovykh norm (iurydychna pryroda ta pidkhody do tlumachennia pravovykhnorm) / S. Z. Opotiak // Biuleten Ministerstva yustytsii Ukrainy. – 2011. - № 4. – S. 122-127. – Rezhym dostupu: http://nbuv.gov.ua/UJRN/bmju_2011_4_18 3. Molyboha M. P. Funktsii ta metody tlumachennia prava / M. P. Molyboha // Biuleten Ministerstva yustytsii Ukrainy. –2010. – № 11. – S. 12; Paleshnyk S. I. Tlumachennia v sudovii praktytsi: poniattia, osoblyvosti, vydy : dys. ... kand.yuryd. nauk : 12.00.01 / S. I. Paleshnyk ; Nats. yuryd. un-t im. Yaroslava Mudroho. – Kharkiv, 2016. – S. 11-12. 4. Malynova Y. P. Fylosofyia prava (ot metafyzyky k hermenevtyke) : monohrafyia / Y. P. Malynova. – Ekaterynburh: UrHIuA, 1995. – S. 82. 5. Sadovskyi M. M. Teoretyko-pravovi zasady doktrynalnoho tlumachennia prava : dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.01 /M. M. Sadovskyi; Klasychnyi pryvatnyi universytet. – Zaporizhzhia, 2017. – S. 21. 6. Dvorkin R. Serioznyi pohliad na prava / R. Dvorkin ; per. z anhl. A. Frolkin. – Kyiv : Vyd-vo Solomii Pavlychko «Osnovy», 2000. – S. 52. 7. Cherdantsev A. F. Tolkovanye prava y dohovora / A. F. Cherdantsev. – Moskva : Yunyty-Dana, 2003. – S. 104. 8. Pryima S. V. Pryntsypy tlumachennia norm prava : avtoref. dys ... kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.01 / S.V. Pryima; Natsionalna yuryd. akademiia Ukrainy imeni Yaroslava Mudroho. – Kharkiv, 2011 – 18 s.; Samilo H. O. Problemy tlumachennia pravovykh norm : navch.-metod. posib. / H. O. Samilo. – Zaporizhzhia : ZNTU, 2017. – S. 47. 9. Rysheliuk A. M. Zakonotvorchist v Ukraini: navch. posib / A. M. Rysheliuk. – Kyiv : Vyd-vo NADU, 2004 // https://pidruchniki.com/83139/pravo/tlumachennya_zakonu. 10. Shevchuk S. Osnovy konstytutsiinoi yurysprudentsii / S. Shevchuk. – Kyiv : Ukrainskyi tsentr pravnychykh studii, 2001. – S. 210-211. 11. Sadovskyi M. M. Teoretyko-pravovi zasady doktrynalnoho tlumachennia prava : dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk : 12.00.01 /M. M. Sadovskyi; Klasychnyi pryvatnyi universytet. – Zaporizhzhia, 2017. – S. 113. 12. Havrylov D. A. Pravoprymenytelnoe tolkovanye: dyss. … kand. yuryd. nauk : 12.00.01 / D. A. Havrylov; Volhohradskyi hos. un-t. – Volhohrad, 2000. – S. 5-6. 13. Sotsuro L. V. Neofytsyalnoe tolkovanye norm rossyiskoho prava : avtoref. dys. … dokt. yuryd. nauk : 12.00.01 / L.V. Sotsuro. – Moskva, 1998. – S. 17. 14. Skakun O. F. Teoriia derzhavy i prava : pidruchnyk / O. F. Skakun. – Kharkiv : Konsum, 2008. – S. 410. 15. Sadovskyi M. M. Teoretyko-pravovi zasady doktrynalnoho tlumachennia prava : dys. … kand. yuryd. nauk : 12.00.01 /M. M. Sadovskyi; Klasychnyi pryvatnyi universytet. – Zaporizhzhia, 2017. – S. 139. 16. Zahalna teoriia derzhavy i prava: pidruchnyk / za zah. red. M. V. Tsvika, O. V. Petryshyna. – Kharkiv : Pravo, 2009. –S. 419-420.
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Rao, M. P. R. V. "P+I form laws for combined adaptive control." Electronics Letters 29, no. 21 (1993): 1898. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19931264.

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Schmidt, Michael, and Hod Lipson. "Distilling Free-Form Natural Laws from Experimental Data." Science 324, no. 5923 (April 3, 2009): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1165893.

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Fuhrmann, Jan Tobias. "Die Gewalt der Zwei-Seiten-Form: Von der Kritik der Zwei-Seiten-Form zur Viel-Seiten-Form der Kritik." Soziale Systeme 28, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 163–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sosys-2023-0009.

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Zusammenfassung Im Folgenden werden Operationen sozialer Systeme als Vollzug von différance (Derrida) aufgefasst. Um das zu plausibilisieren, muss die Interpretation der Laws of Form (Spencer-Brown) seitens Luhmann zurückgewiesen werden. Das erfolgt, indem davon ausgegangen wird, dass eine Indikation statt notwendig eine Distinktion zu vollziehen, eine Unbestimmtheit produziert. Die Stabilität von Zwei-Seiten-Formen wird erst durch die Wiederholung einer sie herstellenden Gewalt produziert. In einem ersten Schritt werden die Laws of Form als eine Abfolge von Befehlen im Medium des Visuell-Simultanen rekonstruiert und die Übertragung Luhmanns auf sequenziell vollzogene Kommunikationsereignisse zurückgewiesen (I). Dadurch wird es möglich, différance als konstitutive Unbestimmtheit sozialer Operationen zu markieren (II). Die Einschränkung der radikalen Unbestimmtheit der différance in Zwei-Seiten-Formen wird mit der Operation der Kompensation nachvollzogen und als epistemic violence (Spivak) markiert (III). Diese Gewalt gewinnt ihre Autorität maßgeblich aus der Wiederholung (IV). Die Unterbrechung dieser Wiederholung kann durch Kritik gelingen. Der Beitrag schließt, indem er der Systemtheorie der Kritik den Vorschlag macht, Kritik als Unterbrechung der Autorität der Wiederholung aufzufassen (V).
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Pervez, Anis. "Information as Form." tripleC: Communication, Capitalism & Critique. Open Access Journal for a Global Sustainable Information Society 7, no. 1 (July 2, 2009): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31269/triplec.v7i1.68.

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An interpretive understanding of information can be developed by drawing on a number of premises of autopoiesis in combination with Spencer-Brown’s laws of form. Such understanding views information as self-referential meaning construction by observing an object. Therefore, information can be perceived as form resulted from individuals’ making distinction of their environment. By analyzing forms - token of indications - one can empirically understand what information is constructed. Such investigation is a qualitative exploration of human actions and interpretations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Laws (form)"

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Cai, Yinghong, and 蔡映紅. "The legal rights in informed consent form for treatment in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39724347.

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Chan, Kai-wah Eva. "Impact of the planning and building regulations on the urban form of Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1990. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25796574.

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Rathgeb, Martin [Verfasser]. "George Spencer Browns Laws of form zwischen Mathematik und Philosophie : Gehalt - Genese - Geltung / Martin Rathgeb." Siegen : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Siegen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1102527351/34.

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陳啓樺 and Kai-wah Eva Chan. "Impact of the planning and building regulations on the urban form of Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1990. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31979683.

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Smith, Stefan Thor. "Modelling thermal loads for a non-domestic building stock : associating a priori probability with building form and construction : using building control laws and regulations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10895/.

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Building Energy Assessment at stock level is an important task in identifying the best strategies for achieving a more energy efficient and low carbon society. Non-domestic buildings are identified to make up 17% of total energy consumption in England and Wales and 19% of CO2 emissions. To understand the energy requirement of the non-domestic stock, large scale (empirically based) energy surveying has been carried out namely in the Non-Domestic Building Stock project and Carbon Reductions in Buildings project. It is recognised that building energy surveys are difficult to carry out; expensive on time, technical resources, and metered energy use is (on a large scale) necessarily crude. With improving computer ability, dynamic energy modelling tools allow for detailed assessment of building energy use and comfort performance. Using Monte Carlo simulation a method of assessing the probable variability in non-domestic building thermal energy loads was developed. The method was developed to capture the heterogeneity in non-domestic buildings at national stock level and determine how stock level physical form variations impact thermal loading. Non-domestic building form and surrounding topography are considered to be influenced by building control laws and building regulations. Control documentation often stipulates guidelines and best practice - hence building heterogeneity. As such, historical regulations were used to develop basic probability distributions of potential physical characteristics associated with non-domestic buildings. Stating that form and site characteristics are randomly determined from the defined probability distributions, a stochastic modelling process to represent thermal variation in a building stock was developed. This provided potential for categorising building thermal performance by period of construction. The model utilised a dynamic simulation model as a 'black-box' for predicting base thermal loads.
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Moses, Tebogo Zeldah. "A critical analysis on the role and effect of public participation in the creation and enforcement of municipal by-laws as a form of local government legislation." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65695.

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Славінська, Алла, and Вікторія Мица. "Дизайнерська компонента застосування зорових ілюзій у моделях сучасного одягу." Thesis, Київський національний університет технологій та дизайну, 2021. https://er.knutd.edu.ua/handle/123456789/17944.

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Особливості сприйняття моделей одягу як плоских, так і просторових фігур в сучасному дизайні посилює кінетизм оп-арту для підкреслювання бажаних форм і маскування невигідних. В художньому оформленні тканин застосовують закони орнаментальної композиції для забезпечення гармонійності стильової єдності форми костюма та дизайну тканини. На основі дослідження моделей стилю оп-арт в колекціях сучасних дизайнерів розроблено схему гармонізації процесу проєктування жіночих суконь із застосуванням зорових ілюзій.
Peculiarities of perception of clothing models of both flat and spatial figures in modern design enhances the kinetics of op-art to emphasize the desired shapes and mask the disadvantages. The laws of ornamental composition are used in the decoration of fabrics to ensure the harmony of the stylistic unity of the costume shape and fabric design. Based on the study of op-art style models in the collections of modern designers, a scheme of harmonization of the process of designing women's dresses with the use of visual illusions has been developed.
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Yamashita, William Massayuki Sakaguchi. "Estudos de modelos dispersivos da dinâmica de populações." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, 2014. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/825.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais
Nas últimas décadas, a incidência global da dengue tem crescido dramaticamente favorecida pelo aumento da mobilidade humana e da urbanização. O estudo da população do mosquito é de grande importância para a saúde pública em países como o Brasil, onde as condições climáticas e ambientais são favoráveis para a propagação desta doença. Este trabalho baseia-se no estudo de modelos matemáticos que tratam do ciclo de vida do mosquito da dengue usando equações diferencias parciais. Nós investigamos a existência de solução na forma de onda viajante para ambos os modelos. Nós usamos um método semi-analítico combinando técnicas de Sistemas Dinâmicos (como a seção de Poincaré e análise local com base no Teorema de Hartman-Grobman) e integração numérica usando Matlab.
In recent decades the global incidence of dengue has grown dramatically by increased human mobility and urbanization. The study of the mosquito population is of great importance for public health in countries like Brazil, where climatic and environmental conditions are favorable for the propagation of this disease. This work is based on the study of mathematical models dealing with the life cycle of the dengue mosquito using partial differential equations. We investigate the existence of a solution in the form of travelling wave for both models. We use a semi-analytical method combining dynamical systems techniques (e.g. Poincaré section and local analysis based on Hartman-Grobman theorem) and numerical integration using Matlab.
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Stingl, Harald. "Forum selection in the conflict of laws /." Wien : Verlag Österreich, 2001. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009337363&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Bulbul, Asli. "Civil Law Claims On The Enforcement Of Competition Rules: A Comparative Study Of Us, Eu And Turkish Laws." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608035/index.pdf.

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Private enforcement, which primarily represents individuals&rsquo
right to claim damage arisen from violations of competition law, supplements public enforcement and ensures indemnification of individual loss. However, private enforcement of competition law has fallen behind public law enforcement in laws presented in this study, other than those enforced in the USA. Realizing this fact, European Commission, has recently focused on the enhancement and facilitation of private enforcement in the Community competition law. The lagging behind of private enforcement mainly sources from the cultural and traditional differences in the understanding of liability law between Anglo Saxon Law and Continental Law. Anglo Saxon law tradition is inclined to leave the matter to individual action, whereas Continental Law is in more favor of strengthening regulatory mechanisms. More specific obstacles to the improvement of private enforcement are, yet not exhaustively, indefiniteness of legal basis of claims, involvement of complex economic analysis while stating the case, courts&rsquo
lack of technical knowledge, indefinite relationship between judiciary and competition authorities, problems in proving damage and causality, absence of facilitating procedural mechanisms such as class actions, treble damage and discovery rights. In the Community law context it is also highly probable to encounter peculiar problems arisen from co-existence of different national laws. Additionally, implementation of the Community competition law by national authorities may also lead to the weakening of the Single Market objective. Through this study, we will present probable solutions by depicting all these problems.
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Books on the topic "Laws (form)"

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G, Sartorius Arthur, ed. How to form your own corporation: With state-by-state laws and forms for every state. Clearwater, FL: Sphinx Pub., 1993.

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McDonald, William F. Repeat offender laws in the United States: Their form, use, and perceived value. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 1986.

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A, Athens Lonnie, Minton Thomas J, National Institute of Justice (U.S.), and Georgetown University. Institute of Criminal Law and Procedure, eds. Repeat offender laws in the United States: Their form, use, and perceived value. Washington, D.C: U.S. Dept. of Justice, National Institute of Justice, 1987.

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Arntz, Katharine. Building regulation and the shaping of urban form in Germany. Birmingham: University of Central England in Birmingham, School of Planning and Housing, 2002.

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Ashenfelter, Orley. Contract form and procurement costs: The impact of compulsory multiple contractor laws in construction. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1997.

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Dionne, Richard A. Short form & simplified employment policies for the small business employer. New Port Richey, FL (P.O. Box 511, New Port Richey 34656-0511): Dionne-Pimley & Associates, 1991.

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American Bar Association. Section of Natural Resources, Energy, and Environmental Law., ed. Gas dispatch, allocation, and balancing agreement: A proposed form. Chicago, Ill: Section of Natural Resources, Energy, and Environmental Law, American Bar Association, 1994.

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Aruti︠u︡ni︠a︡n, G. V. Pravovoe regulirovanie form ustroĭstva deteĭ, ostavshikhsi︠a︡ bez popechenii︠a︡ roditeleĭ: Uchebno-metodicheskoe posobie. Moskva: MGIMO-Universitet, 2009.

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Blasz, Elijohu. Code of Jewish family purity: A condensation of the nidah laws in an abridged form. Brooklyn, N.Y. (170 Ross St., Brooklyn 11211): Committee for the Preservation of Jewish Family Purity, 1986.

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US GOVERNMENT. An Act to Immunize Donations Made in the Form of Charitable Gift Annuities and Charitable Remainder Trusts from the Antitrust Laws and State Laws Similar to the Antitrust Laws. [Washington, D.C.?: U.S. G.P.O., 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Laws (form)"

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Neuman, Yair. "Laws of Form." In Processes and Boundaries of the Mind, 89–98. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9078-5_12.

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Grewe, Cordula. "The Laws of Form." In The Arabesque from Kant to Comics, 235–44. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351187350-25.

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Wille, Katrin, and Thomas Hölscher. "Kontexte der Laws of Form." In George Spencer Brown, 23–43. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91964-5_2.

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Wille, Katrin, and Thomas Kölscher. "Kontexte der Laws of Form." In George Spencer Brown, 21–41. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95679-8_2.

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Kauffman, Louis H. "The Semiotics of Laws of Form." In When Form Becomes Substance, 3–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83125-7_1.

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Li, Xiang, and Jigang Jin. "Form of Tortious Liability." In Concise Chinese Tort Laws, 107–17. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41024-6_10.

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Kauffman, Louis H. "Laws of Form, Peirce, and Cantor." In Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Math Cognition, 171–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22537-7_9.

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Schönwälder-Kuntze, Tatjana. "Appendizes zu den Laws of Form." In George Spencer Brown, 211–22. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91964-5_17.

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Schonwalder, Tatjana. "Appendizes zu den Laws of Form." In George Spencer Brown, 207–18. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-95679-8_17.

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Schönwälder-Kuntze, Tatjana. "Bemerkungen zur Architektur der Laws of Form." In George Spencer Brown, 45–62. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-91964-5_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Laws (form)"

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KAUFFMAN, LOUIS H. "Laws of Form, Majorana Fermions, and Discrete Physics." In Proceedings of the 8th Symposium Honoring Mathematical Physicist Jean-Pierre Vigier. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814504782_0001.

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Thokala, Soloman R. "Closed form self-similar solutions and scaling laws for Kerr frequency combs." In International Conference on Fibre Optics and Photonics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/photonics.2016.tu4a.85.

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Ivanov, M. I., I. A. Kremer, and Yu M. Laevsky. "Oil reservoir simulation based on the conservation laws in integral form." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE X ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE “Actual Problems of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics” with International Participation, Dedicated to the Memory of Academician A.F. Sidorov and 100th Anniversary of UrFU: AFSID-2020. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0035698.

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LI, BINBIN, and PEIXIANG WANG. "UNCERTAINTY LAWS OF MIMO MODAL IDENTIFICATION." In Structural Health Monitoring 2023. Destech Publications, Inc., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/shm2023/37073.

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‘Uncertainty law’ aims at closed-form asymptotic formulas for the relationship between the identification uncertainties of modal properties (e.g., natural frequency, damping ratio) and test configuration (e.g., number and location of shakers/sensors, noise level, data duration). Focusing on the case of experimental modal analysis with multiple-input and multiple-output, the uncertainty laws of modal parameters for wellseparated modes are proposed in the paper. Asymptotic expressions for the posterior coefficient of variation of modal parameters are derived via the Fisher information matrix for long data and small damping scenarios. Assumptions and theory are validated using synthetic test data. Governing factors motivated by the theory are investigated, including the equivalent modal signal-to-noise ratio and data duration. The developed uncertainty laws provide a scientific basis for planning and managing identification uncertainties in vibration tests with known multiple-inputs.
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Đorđević, Slavko. "PUNOMOĆJE DATO U INOSTRANSTVU ZA ZAKLjUČENjE UGOVORA O PROMETU NEPOKRETNOSTI KOJA SE NALAZI U DOMAĆOJ DRŽAVI – NEKOLIKO NAPOMENA IZ UGLA MEĐUNARODNOG PRIVATNOG PRAVA SRBIJE I MEĐUNARODNOG PRIVATNOG PRAVA CRNE GORE." In XIX majsko savetovanje. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/xixmajsko.991dj.

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Serbian and Montenegrin notaries deal very often with documents which were made abroad before foreign notary and in which the authority of an agent for conclusion of contracts for transfer of immovable property located in Serbia/Montenegro was embedded. This paper discusses the issue whether such documents are valid in respect of form (formal validity), since the rules on form of foreign law may differ from those of the laws of Serbia and Montenegro. In order to solve this issue, Serbian/Montenegrin notaries have to determine the law applicable to the form of agency. Considering that the PIL Act of Serbia and the PIL Act of Montenegro contain different conflict-of-law rules on agency and their substantive laws differently regulate the form in which agent’s authority for conclusion of such contracts has to be given, the issue is discussed from the point of view of each country respectively.
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Veiko, Vadim P., Q. K. Kieu, and P. K. Skiba. "Laser amorphization of glass-ceramics (LAGS) laws and new possibility to form a number of micro-optical components." In Fourth International Symposium on laser Precision Microfabrication, edited by Isamu Miyamoto, Andreas Ostendorf, Koji Sugioka, and Henry Helvajian. SPIE, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.540728.

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Pujowidianto, Nugroho Artadi, Raghu Pasupathy, Susan R. Hunter, Loo Hay Lee, and Chun-Hung Chen. "Closed-form sampling laws for stochastically constrained simulation optimization on large finite sets." In 2012 Winter Simulation Conference - (WSC 2012). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2012.6465141.

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Dupertuis, M. A., and M. J. Proctor. "Generalization of complex Snell–Descartes and Fresnel laws." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.fz10.

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Harmonic inhomogeneous plane waves (HIPW) are stationary solutions of the Max-well equations for an unbounded medium and take the following form: where k is the a complex wavevector. Since k is complex the waves may be exponentially decreasing or increasing in a direction perpendicular to the direction of propagation (in a nonabsorbing medium). Although not fully physical because they are not square intergrable, HIPW remain very useful in a number of problems as do plane waves1,2, for example the description of evanescent and surface waves and also the well known exact Sommerfield solution to the diffraction of a planewave by a conducting halfplane use HIPW.
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Fillot, N., I. Iordanoff, and Y. Berthier. "Widening Classical Wear Laws to the Concept of Third Body." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63199.

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During the second part of the twentieth century, many efforts have been done to model wear. Particularly, Archard proposes in 1953 [1] one of the first wear law, which is often written on the following form: dW/dt=K.P.V(1) with dW/dt the mass of detached particles from the rubbing materials per unit time, P the applied pressure, V the sliding speed and K the “wear rate”.
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Luan, Lele, Yang Liu, and Hao Sun. "Distilling Governing Laws and Source Input for Dynamical Systems from Videos." In Thirty-First International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-22}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2022/541.

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Distilling interpretable physical laws from videos has led to expanded interest in the computer vision community recently thanks to the advances in deep learning, but still remains a great challenge. This paper introduces an end-to-end unsupervised deep learning framework to uncover the explicit governing equations of dynamics presented by moving object(s), based on recorded videos. Instead in the pixel (spatial) coordinate system of image space, the physical law is modeled in a regressed underlying physical coordinate system where the physical states follow potential explicit governing equations. A numerical integrator-based sparse regression module is designed and serves as a physical constraint to the autoencoder and coordinate system regression, and, in the meanwhile, uncover the parsimonious closed-form governing equations from the learned physical states. Experiments on simulated dynamical scenes show that the proposed method is able to distill closed-form governing equations and simultaneously identify unknown excitation input for several dynamical systems recorded by videos, which fills in the gap in literature where no existing methods are available and applicable for solving this type of problem.
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Reports on the topic "Laws (form)"

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Ashenfelter, Orley, David Ashmore, and Randall Filer. Contract Form and Procurement Costs: The Impact of Compulsory Multiple Contractor Laws in Construction. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5916.

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Bernard, J. A. Formulation and experimental evaluation of closed-form control laws for the rapid maneuvering of reactor neutronic power. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6841357.

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Blass, Asher, and Dennis Carlton. The Choice of Organizational Form in Gasoline Retailing and The Costs of Laws Limiting that Choice. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7435.

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Maydykovskiy, Igor. Consciousness as a new form of the matter’s state. Intellectual Archive, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2555.

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The article discusses the physical model of the implicative form of Consciousness in the form of a holographic wave matrix, for which the material basis is directly the phase environment that fills the entire Space. It is shown that a similar form of Consciousness that exists outside the human brain can be represented as a kind of software shell that controls all forms of matter by implementing a fractal cyclic iterative algorithm. The condition for the completion of each iterative cycle at each scale level is the observance of the laws of symmetry that ensure the survival of the object in the process of copying-incarnation.
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Claro de la Maza, Jorge, and Roberto Camblor. Government Procurement and Free Trade in the Americas. Inter-American Development Bank, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008614.

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Governments in many countries -at all levels of development- struggle with increasing budget deficits and soaring national debts. Over the last century, government spending, as a percentage of gross domestic product has tended to increase and with it has increased the range of services offered by governments and the volume of public procurement resulting from it. The growth in public procurement has been accompanied by a growth in public procurement legislation. As the public sector grew, a need made itself to seek assistance form the private sector to provide public services on a contractual and sub-contractual basis. In various countries, especially those characterized by a civil law system, government contracts took on a peculiar nature, distinct from private contracts constituting a distinct legal category, separated form private contracts rules concerning contract formation, termination, settlement of disputes and other situations. As public procurement grew in volume and value, so did its importance to employment and the national economy. In most countries, the early procurement laws were protective of domestic industry. At the same time, competition for public business grew among nationals in step with the growth of public expenditure devoted to procurement of goods and services. These laws recognized the right of nationals to be treated equally, to have equal access to public contracts. As a result, the standard method of procurement would consist in an advertised opportunity for all interested firms to bid for public contracts on auction basis.
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Durovic, Mateja, and Franciszek Lech. A Consumer Law Perspective on the Commercialization of Data. Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.64577.

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Commercialization of consumers’ personal data in the digital economy poses serious, both conceptual and practical, challenges to the traditional approach of European Union (EU) Consumer Law. This article argues that mass-spread, automated, algorithmic decision-making casts doubt on the foundational paradigm of EU consumer law: consent and autonomy. Moreover, it poses threats of discrimination and under- mining of consumer privacy. It is argued that the recent legislative reaction by the EU Commission, in the form of the ‘New Deal for Consumers’, was a step in the right direction, but fell short due to its continued reliance on consent, autonomy and failure to adequately protect consumers from indirect discrimination. It is posited that a focus on creating a contracting landscape where the consumer may be properly informed in material respects is required, which in turn necessitates blending the approaches of competition, consumer protection and data protection laws.
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Terzyan, Aram. Russia Amidst the War: Implications for Human Rights and Political Freedoms. Eurasia Institutes, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.47669/earp-1-2022.

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This paper explores the state of human rights and political freedoms in Russia amid the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The ongoing Russian-Ukrainian war has devastatingly affected the state of human rights and political freedoms across Russia. The vague and ill-defined laws introduced in Russia amid the war severely restrict the citizens’ fundamental rights and freedoms, leading to a massive crackdown on government critics. This has significantly undermined Russia’s international standing, while leading to the Kremlin’s further rejection of democratic norms. More worryingly, Russia’s restrictive policy has been further combined with its decision to withdraw from the Council of Europe which raises a series unanswered question regarding the future of its human rights commitments. This paper concludes that Russia is isolating itself from the greater international community and resembling a North Korean-style form a tyranny.
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Belokonova, Nadezhda, Elena Ermishina, Natalya Kataeva, Natalia Naronova, and Kristina Golitsyna. E-learning course "Chemistry". SIB-Expertise, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0770.29012024.

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The electronic training course ""Chemistry"" was created as an auxiliary resource to accompany the chemistry curriculum for the specialties of General Medicine, Pediatrics, and Dentistry. The purpose of studying the course is to form ideas about the structure and transformations of organic and inorganic substances that underlie life processes and influence these processes, in direct connection with the biological functions of these compounds. Course objectives: - formation of knowledge and skills about the basic laws of thermodynamics and bioenergy; about the structure and chemical properties of bioorganic compounds and their derivatives; - formation of knowledge necessary when considering the physical and chemical essence of processes occurring in the human body at the molecular and cellular levels; - developing the ability to carry out, when necessary, calculations of the parameters of these processes, which will allow a deeper understanding of the functions of individual systems of the body and the body as a whole, as well as its interaction with the environment; - training of a specialist who has a sufficient level of knowledge, skills, abilities, and is able to think independently and be interested in research work. The labor intensity of the course is 108 hours. The course consists of 3 didactic units. Each course topic contains theoretical material, a practice test to test your understanding of the theory, and a final test. Each final test on a topic is equivalent to a control event according to a point-rating system. Laboratory work is presented in the form of a video file and a test for it. In this way, an electronic form of completing a report for laboratory work is carried out. The materials presented in the course can be used by teachers as basic when testing students or as additional to those methodological developments that are currently used at the department.
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Sultan, Maheen, and Pragyna Mahpara. Countering Backlash in the Implementation of Bangladesh's Domestic Violence Act. Countering Backlash and Institute of Development Studies, August 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/backlash.2023.004.

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Domestic violence rates are high in Bangladesh in spite of laws such as the Nari o Shishu Nirjatan Domon Ain and the DVPPA 2010. According to data from the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, almost three in every five women (57.7%) have experienced some form of physical, sexual, or emotional violence in their lifetime. While the formulation and enactment of the DVPPA in 2010 was an achievement for the government, especially the Ministry of Women and Children Affairs that proposed it and the coalition for domestic violence known as the Citizens Initiative against Domestic Violence (CIDV) that championed it, subsequent experience of implementation has been less positive. This policy briefing outlines details, key messages and recommendations from research into the implementation of the DVPPA conducted in 2022 by the BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD), BRAC University, as part of the “Countering Backlash: Reclaiming Gender Justice” programme hosted at the Institute of Development Studies, funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) programme, and supported by the Swedish Government.
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Isaacson, Eli L., Dan Marchesin, and Bradley J. Plohr. Transitional Waves for Conservation Laws. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada204094.

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