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Academic literature on the topic 'Laws fo the sea'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Laws fo the sea"

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Gamito, S., H. Quental-Ferreira, A. Parejo, J. Aubin, V. Christensen, and ME Cunha. "Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture systems: energy transfers and food web organization in coastal earthen ponds." Aquaculture Environment Interactions 12 (November 5, 2020): 457–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/aei00375.

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Three Ecopath models were built to reproduce 3 experimental treatments carried out in earthen ponds located in Olhão, southern Portugal, to understand the energy transferred and the ecosystem state in integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA). These earthen ponds behave as simplified ecosystems or mesocosms, with well-defined borders, where the relationships between trophic groups can be described through ecosystem modeling. Different combinations of species were produced in these ponds, corresponding to the 3 treatments: (1) fish, oysters and macroalgae (FOM); (2) fish and oysters (FO); and (3) fish and macroalgae (FM). The managed species were meagre Argyrosomus regius, white seabream Diplodus sargus, flathead grey mullet Mugil cephalus, Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas and sea lettuce Ulva spp. The results showed that the total amount of energy throughput was 15 to 17 times higher when compared with an equivalent naturalized system. The high biomass and low recycling indicated an immature system with low resilience and low stability that demands high rates of water renewal and aeration to maintain good water-quality levels for finfish production. The addition of oysters and macroalgae in the FOM treatment appeared to improve the water quality, since oysters controlled the excess of phytoplankton produced in the ponds by ingesting a fair amount of the phytoplankton, while the macroalgae helped in the absorption of excess nutrients and created a habitat for periphyton and associated macroinvertebrates. Some ecosystem attributes of the FOM ponds approached the values of the naturalized model, suggesting a possible path towards more sustainable aquaculture.
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Kriton, Grigorakis, Kogiannou Dimitra, Genevieve Corraze, Pérez-Sánchez Jaume, Agnes Adorjan, and J. Sándor Zsuzsanna. "Impact of Diets Containing Plant Raw Materials as Fish Meal and Fish Oil Replacement on Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), Gilthead Sea Bream (Sparus aurata), and Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Freshness." Journal of Food Quality 2018 (February 15, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1717465.

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The present study aimed to evaluate whether the total or high substitution of fish meal (FM) and fish oil (FO) by sustainable plant raw materials (plant meal and oils) in long-term feeding for rainbow trout, gilthead sea bream, and common carp can result in spoilage alterations during ice storage. These three species were fed throughout their whole rearing cycle with plant-based diets and compared to counterparts that received FM/FO-based diets or commercial-like diets. Sensory QIM schemes adopted for these species and ATP breakdown products (K-value and components) were used to evaluate the freshness. Sensory acceptability of 14, 15, and 12 days was found for rainbow trout, gilthead sea bream, and common carp, respectively. This corresponded to K-values of approximately 80%, 35%, and 65% for rainbow trout, gilthead sea bream, and common carp, respectively. No major effect of dietary history on postmortem shelf life was shown for gilthead sea bream and common carp; neither sensory-perceived nor chemical freshness showed diet-related differences. Rainbow trout fed with the plant-based diet exhibited slightly worse sensory freshness than fish fed with FM/FO-based diets, at the end of shelf life. These findings imply that FM and FO can be successfully substituted without major impacts on shelf life of fish.
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Lin, Ruirong, Hongfei Yuan, Changrong Wang, Qingyu Yang, and Zebin Guo. "Study on the Flavor Compounds of Fo Tiao Qiang under Different Thawing Methods Based on GC–IMS and Electronic Tongue Technology." Foods 11, no. 9 (May 3, 2022): 1330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11091330.

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“Fo Tiao Qiang” is a famous dish with Chinese characteristics. It is delicious, rich in materials, and high in nutritional value. Through physical and chemical analysis, electronic tongue, gas chromatography–ion mobility spectroscopy, and other technologies, the present study explored the quality characteristics and flavor differences of Fo Tiao Qiang by using different thawing methods (natural thawing, ultrasonic thawing, microwave thawing, and water bath thawing). The results show that the protein content was slightly higher in Fo Tiao Qiang with ultrasonic thawing than others. The fat content of the microwave-thawed Fo Tiao Qiang was significantly lower than the other three kinds of samples. After ultrasonic thawing, the number of free amino acids in the samples were the highest and the umami taste was the best. Compared with natural thawing, most of the flavor substances decreased in ultrasonic thawing, microwave thawing, and water bath thawing. However, several substances increased, such as alpha-terpineol, beta-phenylethyl alcohol, phenylacetaldehyde, cis-rose oxide, isobutyl acetate, and 2–3-pentanedione. This study revealed the changing laws of different thawing methods on the quality characteristics and flavor characteristics of Fo Tiao Qiang. It provides theoretical guidance for the industrial production and quality control of Fo Tiao Qiang.
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Guballa, Jose Dominick S., and Alyssa M. Peleo-Alampay. "Pleistocene Calcareous Nannofossil Biostratigraphy and Gephyrocapsid Occurrence in Site U1431D, IODP 349, South China Sea." Geosciences 10, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10100388.

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We reinvestigated the Pleistocene calcareous nannofossil biostratigraphy of Site U1431D (International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 349) in the South China Sea (SCS). Twelve calcareous nannofossil Pleistocene datums are identified in the site. The analysis confirms that the last occurrence (LO) of Calcidiscus macintyrei is below the first occurrence (FO) of large Gephyrocapsa spp. (>5.5 μm). The FO of medium Gephyrocapsa spp. (4–5.5 μm) is also identified in the samples through morphometric measurements, which was unreported in shipboard results. Magnetobiochronologic calibrations of the numerical ages of LO of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa and FO of Emiliania huxleyi are underestimated and need reassessment. Other potential markers such as a morphological turnover of circular to elliptical variants of Pseudoemiliania lacunosa and a small Gephyrocapsa acme almost synchronous with the FO of Emiliania huxleyi may offer biostratigraphic significance in the SCS. The morphologic changes in Gephyrocapsa coccoliths are also examined for the first time in Site U1431D. Placolith length and bridge angle changes are comparable with other ocean basins, suggesting that morphologic changes are most likely evolutionary novelties rather than being caused by local climate anomalies.
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Földváry, Lorant, Victor Statov, and Nizamatdin Mamutov. "Applicability of GRACE and GRACE-FO for monitoring water mass changes of the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea." InterCarto. InterGIS 26, no. 2 (2020): 443–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2020-2-26-443-453.

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The GRACE gravity satellite mission has provided monthly gravity field solutions for about 15 years enabling a unique opportunity to monitor large scale mass variation processes. By the end of the GRACE, the GRACE-FO mission was launched in order to continue the time series of monthly gravity fields. The two missions are similar in most aspects apart from the improved intersatellite range rate measurements, which is performed with lasers in addition to microwaves. An obvious demand for the geoscientific applications of the monthly gravity field models is to understand the consistency of the models provided by the two missions. This study provides a case-study related consistency investigation of GRACE and GRACE-FO monthly solutions for the Aral Sea region. As the closeness of the Caspian Sea may influence the monthly mass variations of the Aral Sea, it has also been involved in the investigations. According to the results, GRACE-FO models seem to continue the mass variations of the GRACE period properly, therefore their use jointly with GRACE is suggested. Based on the justified characteristics of the gravity anomaly by water volume variations in the case of the Aral Sea, GRACE models for the period March–June 2017 are suggested to be neglected. Though the correlation between water volume and monthly gravity field variations is convincing in the case of the Aral Sea, no such a correlation for the Caspian Sea could have been detected, which suggests to be the consequence of other mass varying processes, may be related to the seismicity of the Caspian Sea area.
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RIGOS, G., V. ZONARAS, X. NIKOLOUDAKI, E. COTOU, M. HENRY, I. VARO, and M. ALEXIS. "Distribution and depletion of sulfadiazine after a multiple per os dosing in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed two different diets." Mediterranean Marine Science 14, no. 2 (June 25, 2013): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.490.

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The distribution and depletion profile of sulfadiazine (SDZ) were investigated in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) fed on fish oil (FO) or plant oil-based (PO) diets. Fish averaging 230 g were given medicated feed containing 25 mg SDZ kg-1 fish for 5 days at 24-26oC. Blood and muscle plus skin were sampled on days 1, 3, 5, 6, 8 and 9. Differences in plasma and fillet SDZ levels between the two groups were statistically insignificant. The maximum drug concentrations in plasma were 3.2 ± 1.9 μg mL-1 and 2.9 ± 1.2 μg mL-1 in the PO and FO groups, respectively. In post-medicated samples depletion rapidly reached concentrations close to the level of quantification at 72 h post medication. Withdrawal times to reach consumer safety levels were calculated to be 103 and 118 h for the FO and the PO groups, respectively. N4-acetylation was found to be the major metabolic pathway of SDZ in gilthead sea bream fillet accounting for 23 and 19% of the parent compound in the FO and the PO groups, respectively. Overall, alteration of the dietary lipid profile induced insignificant effects on the kinetics of SDZ. The high tissue SDZ levels during medication and the fast removal of the parent compound and its metabolites from edible tissues of gilthead sea bream reflect a promising antibacterial profile.
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Turkmen, Serhat, Maria J. Zamorano, Hipólito Fernández-Palacios, Carmen M. Hernández-Cruz, Daniel Montero, Lidia Robaina, and Marisol Izquierdo. "Parental nutritional programming and a reminder during juvenile stage affect growth, lipid metabolism and utilisation in later developmental stages of a marine teleost, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)." British Journal of Nutrition 118, no. 7 (February 10, 2017): 500–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114517002434.

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AbstractNutrition during periconception and early development can modulate metabolic routes to prepare the offspring for adverse conditions through a process known as nutritional programming. In gilthead sea bream, replacement of fish oil (FO) with linseed oil (LO) in broodstock diets improves growth in the 4-month-old offspring challenged with low-FO and low-fishmeal (FM) diets for 1 month. The present study further investigated the effects of broodstock feeding on the same offspring when they were 16 months old and were challenged for a second time with the low-FM and low-FO diet for 2 months. The results showed that replacement of parental moderate-FO feeding with LO, combined with juvenile feeding at 4 months old with low-FM and low-FO diets, significantly (P<0·05) improved offspring growth and feed utilisation of low-FM/FO diets even when they were 16 months old: that is, when they were on the verge of their first reproductive season. Liver fatty acid composition was significantly affected by broodstock or reminder diets as well as by their interaction. Moreover, the reduction of long-chain PUFA and increase in α-linolenic acid and linoleic acid in broodstock diets lead to a significant down-regulation of hepatic lipoprotein lipase (P<0·001) and elongation of very long-chain fatty acids protein 6 (P<0·01). Besides, fatty acid desaturase 2 values were positively correlated to hepatic levels of 18 : 4n-3, 18 : 3n-6, 20 : 5n-3, 22 : 6n-3 and 22 : 5n-6. Thus, this study demonstrated the long-term nutritional programming of gilthead sea bream through broodstock feeding, the effect of feeding a ‘reminder’ diet during juvenile stages to improve utilisation of low-FM/FO diets and fish growth as well as the regulation of gene expression along the fish’s life-cycle.
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ALDHAHHAR, RAWIYAH. "Some Sea-Laws in Islam." Journal of King Abdulaziz University-Educational Sciences 11, no. 1 (1998): 325–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4197/edu.11-1.12.

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Clark, R. B. "Laws of the sea, 1986." Marine Pollution Bulletin 17, no. 1 (January 1986): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(86)90775-7.

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Mondal, Dibyendu, Sanna Kotrappanavar Nataraj, Alamaru Venkata Rami Reddy, Krishna K. Ghara, Pratyush Maiti, Sumesh C. Upadhyay, and Pushpito K. Ghosh. "Four-fold concentration of sucrose in sugarcane juice through energy efficient forward osmosis using sea bittern as draw solution." RSC Advances 5, no. 23 (2015): 17872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra00617a.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Laws fo the sea"

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Warner, Robin Margaret Fraser. "Protecting the Diversity of the Depths: Strengthening the International Law Framework." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1304.

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It is only in recent decades that marine scientific research has begun to reveal the true physical characteristics and resource potential of the open ocean and deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction. A combination of factors such as the depletion of inshore fish stocks and an increase in global maritime trade has led to greater usage of the vast maritime area beyond the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone limits of the coastal states. Human activities in this area of the ocean, which covers approximately 50% of the world’s surface, have expanded to include bioprospecting, exploration for deep seabed minerals, more sophisticated marine scientific research and deep sea tourism. This rise in human activities beyond the offshore zones of coastal states poses actual and potential threats to the physical characteristics and biodiversity of the open ocean and deep sea environments. Arbitrary human intrusions into this largely unexplored marine domain have the potential to harm the intricate links between complex marine ecosystems and to erode components of marine biodiversity. This thesis examines the global and regional provisions which have been put in place to regulate the environmental impacts of human activities that occur beyond national jurisdiction. An analysis of these instruments and their implementation reveals that the current international law framework provides only minimal levels of protection for the marine environment beyond national jurisdiction. It explores several options based on the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) and the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to establish a cohesive environmental protection system for the marine environment beyond national jurisdiction.
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Warner, Robin Margaret Fraser. "Protecting the Diversity of the Depths: Strengthening the International Law Framework." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1304.

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Doctor of Philosophy(PhD)
It is only in recent decades that marine scientific research has begun to reveal the true physical characteristics and resource potential of the open ocean and deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction. A combination of factors such as the depletion of inshore fish stocks and an increase in global maritime trade has led to greater usage of the vast maritime area beyond the territorial sea and exclusive economic zone limits of the coastal states. Human activities in this area of the ocean, which covers approximately 50% of the world’s surface, have expanded to include bioprospecting, exploration for deep seabed minerals, more sophisticated marine scientific research and deep sea tourism. This rise in human activities beyond the offshore zones of coastal states poses actual and potential threats to the physical characteristics and biodiversity of the open ocean and deep sea environments. Arbitrary human intrusions into this largely unexplored marine domain have the potential to harm the intricate links between complex marine ecosystems and to erode components of marine biodiversity. This thesis examines the global and regional provisions which have been put in place to regulate the environmental impacts of human activities that occur beyond national jurisdiction. An analysis of these instruments and their implementation reveals that the current international law framework provides only minimal levels of protection for the marine environment beyond national jurisdiction. It explores several options based on the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) and the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) to establish a cohesive environmental protection system for the marine environment beyond national jurisdiction.
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Romeliotou, Vassiliki. "Mechanisms of control over compliance with international law on the protection of the Mediterranean Sea against pollution." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368693.

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Tai, Sik Kwan. "Chinese carriage of goods by sea - a contemporary study of the Taiwanese and Chinese laws." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253483.

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Lavoie, Manon 1975. "The need fo a principled framework to effectively negotiate and implement the aboriginal right to self-government in Canada /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78221.

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The aim of this thesis is to reveal the need for a principled framework that would establish an effective implementation of the aboriginal peoples' right to self-government in Canada. In recent decades, many agreements instituting the right to self-government of First Nations have been concluded between the federal and provincial governments and aboriginal peoples. It then becomes important to evaluate the attempts of the two existing orders of government and the courts of Canada as regards the right to self-government and assess the potential usefulness of the two's efforts at defining and implementing the right. Firstly, the importance and legitimacy of the right to self-government is recognized through its beginnings in the human right norm of self-determination in international law to the establishment of the right in Canadian domestic law. Secondly, an evaluation of the principal attempts, on behalf of the governments and the courts, to give meaning and scope to the aboriginal right to self-government, which culminate in the conclusion of modern agreements, reveals their many inefficiencies and the need for a workable and concrete alternative. Lastly, the main lacunae of the negotiation process, the main process by which the right is concluded and implemented, and the use of the courts to determine the scope and protection of the right to self-government, are revealed. An analysis of European initiatives to entrench the right to self-government, mainly the European Charter of Self-Government and its established set of principles that guide the creation of self-government agreements, are also used in order to propose a viable option for the establishment of a principled framework for the aboriginal right to self-government in Canada.
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Liao, S. P. "Issues in deviation and in bills of lading under charterparties : A comparative study of Anglo-American and R.O.C. laws." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.374761.

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Mohammed, Abdulla Hassan. "The exclusions and limitations of the liability of the carrier by sea : a comparative study of English and U.A.E. laws." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276160.

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Pappa, Marianthi. "The unbalanced protection of private rights in land and maritime delimitation : the necessity of an equilibrium." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2018. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=237933.

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Aldman, Lili-Annè. "En merkantilistisk början : Stockholms textila import 1720–1738." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economic History, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8645.

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The purpose of this thesis is to, from an institutional approach, study how the Stockholm importers within the textile sector adapted their foreign trade to the change in economic policy 1720 through 1738. The focus is to investigate to what extent the introduction of new laws, regulations etc. can be an explanation for what happened to Stockholm’s foreign trade, mainly imports, particularly textile imports during the period. It is mainly the economic policies that had been enacted during the Hornian government and their effects that have been studied. This is a period that has seldom been studied in other research.

This thesis begins when the Russian raids were over. This was a year when the foreign trade still was relatively free and was untouched by the 17th century’s regulations. After 1721 the policies that would be introduced to increase Sweden's level of self-sufficiency and strengthen ties with the North Sea area had several components. Besides the economic policy, the main sources for the thesis are the city toll records.

The trade policies in the shape of tolls and fees, import and consumption bans etc. and the commercial policies together became different kinds of political tools used for several purposes. The conclusion of this thesis is that the economic policies made the Stockholm importers adapt their trade to the change. The import bans and sumptuary laws had an effect. The economic policies gave rise to an increase in the import of textile raw materials. The rise in toll costs and import fees contributed to displacing the foreign trade towards other areas. The change in the economic policies was successful in the sense that it gave rise to new conditions for domestic production within the textile sector and forced Stockholm's importers to adapt their foreign trade.

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Mai, Tien chinh. "Evaluation non destructive des matériaux de construction par technique électromagnétique aux fréquences radar : modélisation et expérimentation en laboratoire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0384/document.

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Les structures en béton armé ou en bois se dégradent sous des actions mécaniques et climatiques. Les propriétés physiques et mécaniques de ces matériaux sont liées aux conditions d'exposition et à leurs variations. L’évaluation non destructive de ces propriétés en amont des dégradations est une nécessité pour les maîtres d'ouvrages afin de prédire la durée de vie des structures dans un contexte de gestion durable du patrimoine bâti. La présence d’eau dans les pores du béton est un facteur qui facilite la pénétration des agents agressifs (dioxyde de carbone, chlorures, etc. responsables de l’initiation de pathologies comme la corrosion des aciers). Pour le cas du matériau bois, les causes les plus fréquentes des détériorations sont souvent d’origine biologiques (champignons et insectes). L’humidité est également reconnue comme une des conditions les plus importantes pour le développement de ces attaques. Il est donc nécessaire d’évaluer et de quantifier la variation spatiale de l’humidité dans ces matériaux de construction pour limiter les actions de réparation. Le système radar (Ground Penetrating Radar, « GPR ») est un outil d’auscultation des matériaux totalement non destructif, rapide, compact et sans contact. Cette technique est basée sur la propagation des ondes électromagnétiques. Cette propagation est fortement liée à la permittivité et la conductivité du matériau qui sont très sensibles aux variations de l’humidité. L’objectif de cette thèse est double : d’une part, modéliser l’effet des variations de l’humidité dans un matériau homogène, multi-couches ou avec gradient, et d’autre part, de quantifier expérimentalement l’effet d’un gradient d’humidité sur le béton et celui de l’anisotropie sur le bois. Pour cela, un modèle analytique a été développé en se basant sur la notion des lois de mélange (ajustées sur des mesures expérimentales de la permittivité en prenant en compte l’effet de la dispersion fréquentielle) et sur la propagation d’une onde plane. Une simulation numérique a permis d’apprécier l’effet d’un gradient et d’un milieu anisotropique sur la vitesse de propagation des ondes radar. La phase expérimentale a été effectuée sur un matériau modèle homogène et isotrope comme le sable pour comparer les différentes méthodes de mesure de la vitesse de l’onde directe. Une analyse fréquentielle de l’atténuation a été également étudiée pour évaluer la dispersion de l’atténuation dans un milieu considéré comme homogène. La deuxième partie de l’expérimentation a consisté à suivre par mesures radar le séchage d’une dalle en béton instrumentée par capteurs d’humidité. Enfin, une campagne expérimentale sur des échantillons en bois de deux essences (Pin et Epicéa) soumis à des humidités variables entre 0 et 50% a été menée. La phase de modélisation et de simulation a montré que la dispersion fréquentielle est significative seulement dans le cas d’un béton humide à forte salinité et que l’anisotropie et le gradient ont un effet significatif sur la propagation. La phase expérimentale a montré que dans le cas d’un matériau homogène, la vitesse est indépendante de la distance émetteur-récepteur, et qu’elle est variable dans le cas d’un béton soumis à un gradient d’humidité. Enfin, les essais sur le bois montrent que la partie réelle de sa permittivité est croissante en fonction de l’humidité. Le contraste de permittivité entre direction longitudinale et transversale (tangentielle ou radiale) est négligeable à l’état sec du matériau et commence à être significatif à partir de la saturation des fibres. Cela permet de privilégier la direction longitudinale à la direction transversale pour évaluer l’humidité des structures en bois
The reinforced concrete or the timber structures are degraded under mechanical and climatic actions. Physical and mechanical properties of these materials are linked to outdoor exposure conditions and their variations. The early non-destructive evaluation of these properties before the initiation of degradations is a need for masters of structures in order to predict the service life of the structures in a context of sustainable management of the built heritage. The presence of water in the pores of the concrete is a factor which facilitates the penetration of aggressive agents (carbon dioxide, chlorides, etc. responsible of the initiation of pathologies such as steel corrosion). In the case of wood material, the most common causes of damage are often of biological origin (fungi and insects). Moisture is also recognized as one of the most important conditions for the development of these attacks. It is therefore necessary to evaluate and quantify the spatial variation of the humidity in the building materials to limit repair actions. The GPR system (Ground Penetrating Radar) is an auscultation tool of materials which is completely non-destructive, fast, compact, and contactless. This technique is based on the propagation of electromagnetic waves. This propagation is strongly linked to the permittivity and the conductivity of the material that are highly sensitive to changes in humidity. The objective of this thesis is twofold: first, modelling the effect of moisture variation in a homogeneous material, multi-layers or with gradient, and secondly, to experimentally quantify the effect of a moisture gradient on the concrete and the effect of the anisotropy (case of wood material). An analytical model has been developed based on the concept of mixing laws (Fitted on experimental measurements of the permittivity by taking into account the effect of the frequency dispersion) and the propagation of a plane wave. A numerical simulation was used to assess the effects of a gradient and the effect of an anisotropic medium on the propagation velocity of the radar waves. The experimental phase was performed on a homogeneous and isotropic model material such as sand to compare different measurement methods of the velocity of the direct wave. A frequency analysis of the attenuation was also examined to evaluate the dispersion of the attenuation in a considered homogeneous medium. The second part of the experiment was to monitor, by radar measurements, the drying of a concrete slab instrumented by humidity sensors. Finally, an experimental campaign on samples of two species of wood (Pine and Spruce) with different moisture content between 0 and 50% was conducted. The modelling and simulations phase has shown that the frequency dispersion is significant only in the case of wet concrete with a high salinity content. The anisotropy and the gradient have a significant effect on the spread. The experimental phase showed that in the case of a homogeneous material, the speed is independent of the offset (distance between transmitter and receiver), and it varies in the case of concrete with a moisture gradient. Finally, tests on the timber indicate that the real part of its permittivity increases as a function of moisture. The contrast between longitudinal and transverse direction (tangential or radial) is negligible in the dry state of the material and begins to be very significant from the fiber saturation point. It indicates that the longitudinal direction, instead of the transverse direction, is more convenient to measure the moisture of wood structures
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Books on the topic "Laws fo the sea"

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Braverman, Irus. Laws of the Sea. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173.

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Cyprus. The Territorial Sea Laws 1964 and 2014 (English translation and consolidation). Nicosia: Office of the Law Commissioner, 2014.

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Accident prevention on board ship at sea and in port. 2nd ed. Geneva: International Labour Office, 1996.

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Jacobsen, Friedrich Johann. Laws of the sea: With reference to maritime commerce during peace and war. Clark, N.J: Lawbook Exchange, 2005.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights. Victims of torture: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights fo the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, May 8, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on International Relations. Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights. Victims of torture: Hearing before the Subcommittee on International Operations and Human Rights fo the Committee on International Relations, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, May 8, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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Gammeltoft-Hansen, Thomas. The refugee, the sovereign and the sea: EU interdiction policies in the Mediterrean. Copenhagen, Denmark: DIIS, Danish Institute for International Studies, 2008.

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Weinzierl, Ruth. Border management and human rights: A study of EU law and the law of the sea. Berlin: German Insttute for Human Rights, 2007.

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Weinzierl, Ruth. Border management and human rights: A study of EU law and the law of the sea. Berlin: German Insttute for Human Rights, 2007.

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Kyōkai, Nihon Kaiyō. Shin kaiyō hōsei to kokunaihō: Kyōdō tōgi. Tōkyō: Nihon Kaiyō Kyōkai, 1990.

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Book chapters on the topic "Laws fo the sea"

1

Probyn, Elspeth. "UNCLOS as a Geopolitical Chokepoint." In Laws of the Sea, 186–203. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173-9.

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Pauwelussen, Annet, and Shannon Switzer Swanson. "Good Human–Turtle Relationships in Indonesia." In Laws of the Sea, 260–83. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173-13.

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Reid, Susan. "Imagining Justice with the Abyssal Ocean." In Laws of the Sea, 70–93. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173-4.

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Jones, Henry. "Commodifying the Oceans." In Laws of the Sea, 50–69. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173-3.

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Ranganathan, Surabhi. "The Vexed Liminality of Hydrothermal Vents." In Laws of the Sea, 28–49. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173-2.

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Grisel, Florian. "Miles and Norms in the Fishery of Marseille." In Laws of the Sea, 226–41. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173-11.

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Kahn, Jeffrey S. "From Extended Urbanization to Ocean Gentrification." In Laws of the Sea, 204–25. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173-10.

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De Lucia, Vito. "Oceanic Heterolegalities?" In Laws of the Sea, 122–45. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173-6.

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Braverman, Irus. "Genetic Freedom of the Seas in the Age of Extractivism." In Laws of the Sea, 94–121. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173-5.

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Westholm, Aron. "Divided Environments." In Laws of the Sea, 242–59. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003205173-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Laws fo the sea"

1

Moon, H. K., T. O’Connell, and R. Sharma. "Heat Transfer Enhancement Using a Convex-Patterned Surface." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30476.

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The heat transfer rate from a smooth wall in an internal cooling passage can be significantly enhanced by using a convex patterned surface on the opposite wall of the passage. This design is particularly effective for a design that requires the heat transfer surface to be free of any augmenting features (smooth). Heat transfer coefficients on the smooth wall in a rectangular channel, which had convexities on the opposite wall were experimentally investigated. Friction factors were also measured to assess the thermal performance. Relative clearances (δ/d) between the convexities and the smooth wall of 0, 0.024, and 0.055 were investigated in a Reynolds number (ReHD) range from 15,000 to 35,000. The heat transfer coefficients were measured in the thermally developed region using a transient thermochromic liquid crystal technique. The clearance gap between the convexities and the smooth wall adversely affected the heat transfer enhancement (NuHD). The friction factors (f), measured in the aerodynamically developed region, were largest for the cases of no clearance (δ/d = 0). The average heat transfer enhancement (NuHD) was also largest for the cases of no clearance (δ/d = 0), as high as 3.08 times at a Reynolds number of 11,456 in relative to that (Nuo) of an entirely smooth channel. The normalized Nusselt numbers (NuHD/Nuo), as well as the normalized friction factors (f/fo), for all three cases, decreased with Reynolds numbers. However, the decay rate of the friction factor ratios (f/fo) with Reynolds numbers was lower than that of the normalized Nusselt numbers. For all three cases investigated, the thermal performance ((NuHD/Nuo) /(f/fo)1/3) values were within 5% to each other. The heat transfer enhancement using a convex patterned surface was thermally more effective at a relatively low Reynolds numbers (less than 20,000 for δ/d = 0) than that of a smooth channel.
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Mauro, Filippo, Alessandro Leonardi, Michele Iervolino, and Marina Pirulli. "A comparative assessment of rheological laws for mud flows." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc2521711920221507.

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Dufour, Guillaume, Xavier Carbonneau, Jean-Bernard Cazalbou, and Patrick Chassaing. "Practical Use of Similarity and Scaling Laws for Centrifugal Compressor Design." In ASME Turbo Expo 2006: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-91227.

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This article focuses on the practical use of the similarity principle for centrifugal compressor design, i.e. geometrical scaling of existing impellers to meet new specifications. Basic principles of similarity are first used to derive scaling laws. Then, the analysis of typical specifications and the use of partial similarity (neglecting the Reynolds-number effects) allows the use of the pressure ratio-specific speed diagram so that a compressor can be scaled along its best-efficiency operating line. A practical method is proposed to use these scaling laws in a design context, in order to define the scaling potential of an existing stage as the ensemble of specifications that can be met by scaling. Finally, the scaling potential of an industrial compressor is evaluated and represented as a surface in the 3D space defined by the similarity variables, with the associated efficiency variations.
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Schuberth, Maximilian Georg, Håkon Sunde Bakka, Claire Emma Birnie, Stefan Dümmong, Kjetil Eik Haavik, Qin Li, Johan-Fredrik Synnevåg, Yanis Saadallah, Lars Vinje, and Kevin Constable. "A Real-Time Fiber Optical System for Wellbore Monitoring: A Johan Sverdrup Case Study." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205405-ms.

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Abstract Fiber Optic (FO) sensing capabilities for downhole monitoring include, among other techniques, Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) and Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). The appeal of DTS and DAS data is based on its high temporal and spatial sampling, allowing for very fine localization of processes in a wellbore. Furthermore, the broad frequency spectrum that especially DAS data is acquired with, enables observations, ranging from more continuous effects like oil flow, to more distinct effects like opening and closing of valves. Due to the high data volume of hundreds of Gb per well per hour, DAS data has traditionally been acquired acquisition-based, where data is recorded for a limited amount of time and processed at a later point in time. This limits the decision-making capability based on this data as reacting to events is only possible long after the event occurred. Equinor has addressed these decision-making shortcomings by building a real-time streaming solution for transferring, processing, and interpretation of its FO data at the Johan Sverdrup field in the North Sea. The streaming solution for FO data consists of offshore interrogators streaming raw DAS and DTS data via a dedicated bandwidth to an onshore processing cluster. There, DAS data is transformed into FO feature data, e.g., Frequency Band Energies, which are heavily decimated versions of the raw data; allowing insight extraction, while significantly reducing data volumes. DTS and DAS FO feature data are then streamed to a custom-made, cloud-based visualization and integration platform. This cloud-based platform allows efficient inspection of large data sets, control and evaluation of applications based on these data, and sharing of FO data within the Johan Sverdrup asset. During the last year, this FO data streaming pipeline has processed several tens of PB of FO data, monitoring a range of well operations and processes. Qualitatively, the benefits and potential of the real-time data acquisitions have been illustrated by providing a greater understanding of current well conditions and processes. Alongside the FO data pipeline, multiple prototype applications have been developed for automated monitoring of Gas Lift Valves, Safety Valve operations, Gas Lift rate estimation, and monitoring production start-up, all providing insights in real-time. For certain use cases, such as monitoring production start-up, the FO data provides a previously non-existent monitoring solution. In this paper, we will discuss in detail the FO data pipeline architecture from-platform-to-cloud, illustrate several data examples, and discuss the way-forward for "real-time" FO data analytics.
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Catucci, Daniele, Riccardo Briganti, and Valentin Heller. "Analytical and numerical study of novel scaling laws for air-water flows." In Proceedings of the 39th IAHR World Congress From Snow to Sea. Spain: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research (IAHR), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/iahr-39wc252171192022202.

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Ji, L. C., and J. Chen. "Edge Matching: Part I — Theory and Implementation." In ASME Turbo Expo 2005: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68474.

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Theory and implementation of Edge Matching (EM) are presented in this paper. The EM concerns the spatial relation between a blade trailing edge and the leading edge of the sequent blade row. It reflects spanwise distribution of phase angles of certain performance parameter variation versus unsteady inflow. While EM theory is described first. Two methods of implementing EM, namely spanwise integration (SI) and full optimization (FO), are described. After theoretical analysis, the interaction between linear turbine cascade and upstream wake is used to illustrate EM numerically. More specific and detailed numerical investigations are presented in accompanying paper ([1]). All these suggest that EM provides a new degree of freedom (DOF) for turbomachinery design with potentials of improving aerodynamic, aeroelastic, aeroacoustic and other performances by matching phase angles of unsteady flow along the whole span.
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Egorov, I. N., G. V. Kretinin, I. A. Leshchenko, and Y. I. Babiy. "The Use of Variable Fidelity Models in the Optimization Problems for Aircraft Engines Parameters and Control Laws." In ASME Turbo Expo 2000: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/2000-gt-0003.

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The typical situation when solving a problem of an aircraft engine optimization is that a researcher has several tools for effectiveness indices analysis, distinguished according to the levels of complexity and accuracy. The high-fidelity tools can be the detailed nonlinear mathematical models or even the experimental samples of the engine or its components. However the implementation of optimization researches using such a tools is associated with the significant time expenditures. The low-fidelity models also allow us to carry out optimization search, but the validity of the obtained results can be rather low. Therefore the methods based on a combination of various levels of the analysis tools are going to be used in the field of optimization of the aircraft engines parameters and control laws. The given paper introduces the multicriteria optimization procedure for aircraft power plants and their components. The procedure is based upon the adaptive use of different levels analysis tools. The proposed approach is intended to minimize the complicated analysis tools application. It uses the method of indirect optimization on the base of self-organization, which permits to find numerically the Pareto-optimal set of solutions, uniformly distributed in the criteria space. The effectiveness of the proposed optimization procedure is demonstrated by two examples. The first one is a problem to find the optimal control laws for the power plant of short take-off and vertical landing aircraft for its take-off (50 variables, 2 criteria). The second one is the problem of multistage axial compressor optimization aimed at its efficiency maximization (42 variables, 2 criteria).
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Frola, Carlo, Antonino Vassallo, Marco Degiovanni, and Massimiliano Mattone. "Turbine Clashing Transient Analysis: Impact of Rotor Disk Stage Onto Static Vane Stage After Shaft Rupture." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50216.

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Turbine shaft rupture is one of the most critical failures of aircraft engines. When rupture happens turbine work is no more equilibrated by compressor. By consequence the turbine rotor increases its angular velocity and moves axially downstream, leading to an impact between rotor and static parts. This impact may be used to limit angular velocity below the maximum admitted burst speed. On the other hand, the impact phenomena must be controlled in order to avoid that turbine components break into many damaging uncontrolled fragments. In this paper a complete transient analysis has been developed to evaluate the motion laws during these clashing phenomena. The impact dissipation coefficient, used into the motion laws, has been estimated by a non linear finite element analysis. An example of application of this methodology is also reported.
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Zhu, Rongkai, Qun Zheng, Guoqiang Yue, and Jiguo Zou. "Researches of Similitude Theory for Axial Flow Helium Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50937.

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In designing of a helium axial compressor from its homologous air compressor, the similarities between them have to be investigated. Such as how to establish the similarity criterion, how to prescribe the experimental air compressor’s parameters by the similitude laws, how to get the performance data of helium compressor from the air compressor test data etc, are important for the accurate design. The first stage of a high pressure helium compressor is taken as experimental model, with air as the working fluids in the experiments. The differences of physical parameters of helium and air, like density, viscosity, adiabatic exponent have been considered. The similitude laws used in the experiment have been established, and the reasons of deviation and correcting methods are analyzed. These results are useful references for the aerodynamic design of helium compressor.
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Abudarin, Mr. "The Development of Students Worksheets for Constructing Knowledge of the Fundamental Laws of Chemistry." In 5th SEA-DR (South East Asia Development Research) International Conference 2017 (SEADRIC 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/seadric-17.2017.12.

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Reports on the topic "Laws fo the sea"

1

Pritchard, Robert S. Constitutive Laws for Sea Ice Dynamics Models. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada634003.

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Ostoja-Starzewski, Martin. Constitutive Laws for Sea Ice Dynamics Multiscale Micromechanics of Ice Fields. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada636708.

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