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Journal articles on the topic "Laws etc"

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Chapman, Renee D. "Laws, etc." Serials Review 15, no. 1 (March 1989): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00987913.1989.10763873.

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Smith, Deborah C. "Properties, laws, and worlds." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 45, no. 4 (August 2015): 471–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2015.1094715.

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AbstractJonathan Schaffer argues against a necessary connection between properties and laws. He takes this to be a question of what possible worlds we ought to countenance in our best theories of modality, counterfactuals, etc. In doing so, he unfairly rigs the game in favor of contingentism. I argue that the necessitarian can resist Schaffer’s conclusion while accepting his key premise that our best theories of modality, counterfactuals, etc. require a very wide range of things called ‘possible worlds’. However, the necessitarian can and should insist that, in many cases, these worlds are not metaphysically possible. I will further argue that, having taken such a stance, the necessitarian has additional resources to respond to Schaffer’s other arguments against the view.
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Carey, Christopher. "The shape of Athenian laws." Classical Quarterly 48, no. 1 (May 1998): 93–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/48.1.93.

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The title is unashamedly plagiarized from Stephen Todd's excellent book, The Shape of Athenian Law. The plagiarism is slightly misleading, however, since my interest is in law as enactment (Gesetz) while Todd's title expresses his interest in law as system (Recht). The issue I wish to address is the formulation of written laws in Athens during the late archaic and classical period, specifically the balance between procedural and substantive law. Substantive law deals with rights, obligations, offences, etc. Its role is to define behaviour which is required, allowed, or prohibited. These are what Hart terms ‘primary rules’. Procedural law, on the other hand, deals, as the name suggests, with the administration of justice, that is with jurisdiction, process, etc. Hart's term for these is ‘secondary rules’. The two cannot be separated quite as neatly as I have suggested, of course. A procedural law can scarcely avoid mentioning the offences or rights whose punishment or protection it regulates, while a substantive law may need to address issues such as jurisdiction. This is therefore an issue of orientation, not a simple binary division. However, as a broad basis for classification it is of value.
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Sinclair, Gwen. "Public Lessons from Private Laws." DttP: Documents to the People 45, no. 3 (November 8, 2017): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/dttp.v45i3.6488.

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A casual glance at a volume of Statutes at Large reveals that the laws are presented in two sections: public laws and private laws. While most documents librarians are familiar with public laws, so named because they have general applicability, private laws may be less familiar. A private bill, according to Hinds’ Precedents, is “a bill for the relief of one or several specified persons, corporations, institutions, etc., and is distinguished from a public bill, which relates to public matters and deals with individuals only by classes.”1
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Batyushkina, M. V. "Synonyms in the texts of laws (based on Russian laws)." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 2 (2021): 192–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/75/14.

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The paper considers the issues of the use of synonyms in the texts of Russian laws. The re-search materials are the texts of federal and regional laws, expert practice. It is noted that syn-onymy, despite the requirement for the unification of legal terminology, is also characteristic of legislative texts. At the same time, synonyms are used not to exclude repetitions of the same words but for the sake of completeness, accuracy, clarity of the transfer of legal mean-ing. Legal synonyms are an integral genre and stylistic feature of the legislative text. Synonyms perform informative, pragmatic, text-forming, and other functions. There are some trends in the use of synonyms in the laws. Preference is given to one or another word from the synonymous series. The choice depends on the subject of the law, aspects of legal regulation, with the chosen synonym not always being stylistically neutral, devoid of evaluative seman-tics. Some terms are used not as synonyms but exclusively in terms of generic relationship. Paronyms may be used as synonyms. Frequent joint (contact) use of synonyms occurs when an additional (qualifying) term is given in brackets after the main term. Such synonyms are characterized by semantic and stylistic differences, the ratio of meanings, and integrated con-tent. A special clause on the equivalence of terms may be made in the law. However, the context always reveals the semantic difference of “equivalent” terms, their semantic shades. The methods and principles of analysis are traditional for Russian studies and legal linguis-tics: discursive, genre-stylistic, lexical-semantic, comparative, statistical, etc.
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Tuzov, V. V. "The Process of Globalization from the Point of View of Synergetic Patterns." Discourse 8, no. 6 (December 19, 2022): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.32603/2412-8562-2022-8-6-5-16.

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Introduction. The article examines the process of globalization through the prism of synergetics. The urgency of the problem of globalization is beyond doubt, it is enough just to turn to the news channels. The purpose of the work is to show the inconsistency of globalization promoted by Western countries, because it contradicts the laws that determine the process of self-organization of open nonequilibrium systems.Methodology and sources. The article applies the laws of dialectics and the theory of selforganization. The research sources used works on the problems of globalism (I. Wallerstein, S.P. Lapaev, I.F. Kefeli, etc.), the laws of the development of the historical process (S.D. Bodrunov, V.V. Tuzov), the laws of the processes of self-organization of open nonequilibrium systems (I. Prigozhin, G. Haken, E.N. Knyazeva and S.P. Kurdyumov and etc.).Results and discussion. The author comes to the conclusion that it is impossible to realize the process of globalization in the form that the United States and its allies are trying to implement, because this contradicts both the laws of the historical process and the laws of self-organization that the modern stage of development of society obeys. It is impossible to unite countries with different cultures, religions, different economic levels of development, etc. on equal terms, because from the point of view of synergetics it is impossible for systems that exist in a different “tempworld”. There may be possible subordination and exploitation, but not partnership. The unification of all countries around one center also contradicts economic laws, because competition and the development of a market economy will disappear. Moreover, it contradicts the laws of self-organization. A system striving for expansion contains within itself its opposite, which is the desire for dissipation (dispersion).Conclusion. The author of the article concludes that globalization in the form in which it is carried out by Western countries, since it contradicts the laws of the market economy and the laws of self-organization, is possible only under pressure. The end of forceful coercion triggers the dissipation mechanism, which leads to the degradation of the system and its simplification.
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Batyushkina, Marina Vladimirovna. "Laws on Approval of Program-goal Documents: Genre Approach." International Journal “Speech Genres” 28, no. 4 (2020): 263–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2311-0740-2020-4-28-263-277.

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The article presents the results of a study of the functional, formal and substantive features of the texts of Russian laws, which approve program-goal docments (development strategies, concepts, programs, forecast plans, etc.). The article is based on discourse and genre approaches to the study of legislative texts, the legislative text space as a whole. It is noted that, on the one hand, this type of laws reflects the general features of modeling and transроforming of modern legal discourse; reproduces the institutional aspects of the legislative process; broadcasts legislative intentions, strategies and tactics. On the other hand, laws that approve documents of a program-goal nature have distinctive characteristics that allow defining these laws as a separate subgenre type. The subgenre of law is defined by the author on the basis of the following parameters: (1) intention of the uthor; (2) the purpose and functions of the law; (3) the factor of the subject of legal discourse (author/addressee of the law); (4) spatio-temporal and other circumstantially determining characteristics reflected in the text of the law explicitly or implicitly (who adopted and signed the law, during which period and in which territory it is applied, etc.); (5) type of institutional action; (6) the institutional status of the law within the system of laws; (7) subject-thematic “radius” of the text; (8) formal segmentation of text; (9) features of the correlation of functional semantic types of speech; (10) degree of uniformity, subgenre markers and clichés. The formal and informative structures of program-approving laws are analyzed on the basis of the fol-lowing segments: pretext and post-text details, intra-text components, post-text application (approved document). These segments are analyzed from various points of view: obligation, localization, combinatorics, unification, etc. When conducting research, special attention is paid to structural, typological, comparative and other types of analyzes.
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Papageorgiou, Spyros. "Physical Laws Shape Up HOX Gene Collinearity." Journal of Developmental Biology 9, no. 2 (May 6, 2021): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jdb9020017.

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Hox gene collinearity (HGC) is a multi-scalar property of many animal phyla particularly important in embryogenesis. It relates entities and events occurring in Hox clusters inside the chromosome DNA and in embryonic tissues. These two entities differ in linear size by more than four orders of magnitude. HGC is observed as spatial collinearity (SC), where the Hox genes are located in the order (Hox1, Hox2, Hox3 …) along the 3′ to 5′ direction of DNA in the genome and a corresponding sequence of ontogenetic units (E1, E2, E3, …) located along the Anterior—Posterior axis of the embryo. Expression of Hox1 occurs in E1, Hox2 in E2, Hox3 in E3, etc. Besides SC, a temporal collinearity (TC) has been also observed in many vertebrates. According to TC, first Hox1 is expressed in E1; later, Hox2 is expressed in E2, followed by Hox3 in E3, etc. Lately, doubt has been raised about whether TC really exists. A biophysical model (BM) was formulated and tested during the last 20 years. According to BM, physical forces are created which pull the Hox genes one after the other, driving them to a transcription factory domain where they are transcribed. The existing experimental data support this BM description. Symmetry is a physical–mathematical property of matter that was explored in depth by Noether who formulated a ground-breaking theory (NT) that applies to all sizes of matter. NT may be applied to biology in order to explain the origin of HGC in animals developing not only along the A/P axis, but also to animals with circular symmetry.
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Krzyk, Mario, and Darko Drev. "Incompatibility of Slovenian Regulations in the Field of Water Management with European Regulations and Resulting Damage." Lexonomica 13, no. 2 (2021): 167–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/lexonomica.13.2.167-186.2021.

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The issue of water management in Slovenia is regulated by several laws and by-laws. The right to drinking water is enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia. Individual by-laws in the field of water management are not coordinated with higher-level laws, the Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia, nor with EU regulations (directives, regulations). There are no relevant provisions in laws and by-laws that would enforce the right to drinking water enshrined in the Constitution. A major problem exists in the field of wastewater disposal and treatment, water protection, flood safety, etc. An even bigger problem, such as inconsistencies in regulations, is their poor implementation. This leads to excessive pollution and great material damage as well.
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Ishaq, Muhammad, Muhammad Adil, and Owais Anwer. "U-19 Review of Specific Laws for Women in Sharia Criminal Law and their Adherence to Statutory Laws." Al-Aijaz Research Journal of Islamic Studies & Humanities 4, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 299–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.53575/u19.v4.02(20).299-314.

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The slogan of gender equality and gender equality is constantly being used today and unfortunately it raises more objections to Islamic injunctions than to women's rights. Although Islam is a compete code of conduct for human life and its rules have taken care of human nature, so in the rules that apply to both men and women, the natural characteristics of both have been taken into consideration. Because of the development of various forms of media today, objections to Islamic injunctions in the name of gender equality are gaining strength. This article seeks to ascertain the validity of these objections and compares the specific provisions of Islamic criminal law regarding women with the existing laws of Pakistan. As a result of this comparison, it has come to light that on the one hand, in some cases, women have been given less rights than men, such as not accepting their testimony in the cases clearly defined by ALLAH (in Qur’an called as حدود الله) and the Diyat (دیت)of a woman is equal to half of the Diyat (دیت) of a man etc. On the other hand, in most of the rulings, women are given precedence over men, such as in case of fighting in a war along with men, the renouncement of Qisas or any other charges from women, respite in stoning due to pregnancy, the renouncement of Qisas or any other charges in case of forced compulsion by someone else, renouncement of Diyat (دیت) in Qisamat and the condition of being with a Mehram (محرم) in exile etc., and even where their rights are apparently less evident, there is a clear consideration of their nature in implementing of those laws..
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Laws etc"

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Badr, Yasmine. "The foetus in Sunnī Islamic law : an introduction." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33868.

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The foetus and its legal status in Sunni Islamic law constitute the topic of this thesis. This topic was chosen due to two main reasons. First, it is a topic of great social relevance, particularly with regards to the issues of abortion, ensoulment and foetal rights. Second, it is a topic that has received scant scholarly attention. Indeed, we find that many scholars deal with issues related to the foetus such as inheritance, bequests and blood-money inter alia in their discussions of such issues. We do not find a work concentrating solely on the foetus, thereby gathering many rulings concerning it in a single oeuvre. Hence, given the current state of scholarship as well as the social relevance of the rulings concerning the foetus, this topic was chosen as the main theme of this thesis.
This thesis explores the different tools utilized by jurists to arrive at these rulings. It tackles the issues of conception, ensoulment, abortion and gestation before proceeding to the rulings concerning the foetus' parentage, inheritance and blood-money. In doing so, it resorts to fiqh books from the four Sunni schools of law. It argues that the foetus was recognized as a "person" under the law and that great effort was extended towards securing many rights in its favour.
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Herauf, Todd J. "Immunity for New Mexico Public School Districts and the 1978 Tort Claims Act." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2014. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc699955/.

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In a 3-year timeframe, nearly 800 student negligence suits were filed, and most involved some claim of personal injury. Despite heightened public attention of negligence lawsuits against school districts and their employees, an empirical study of court decisions revealed that the volume of litigation against school districts remained steady from 1990 to 2005, the majority of cases were ruled in favor of the school district employees, and government and official immunity were most often the basis for these rulings. Researchers have concluded that immunity laws are strong in the United States, although they vary by state in their application. However, a primary recommendation was that, because of the misconception of a lack of immunity for public school employees, a comprehensive study on governmental and official immunity is needed. This dissertation employed legal research, analysis, and methodology to engage in a comprehensive investigation of teacher immunity in the four southern states of Texas, Oklahoma, Mississippi, and New Mexico. Of central concern to this dissertation was the Tort Claims Act of 1978 from the State of New Mexico. The Tort Claims Act is the vehicle by which immunity is granted to public school employees. Court findings over the last 35 years point to three primary domains under which cases pertaining to immunity fall: negligence (62.5%), evaluation and supervision (16.7%), and student discipline (8.3%). Immunity appears strong across all three domains; however, only future studies on cases by state will determine whether states in the southwest United States are the norm or an anomaly.
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Trilsch, Mirja A. "Gender-based persecution and the 'particular social group' category : an analysis." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31176.

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This thesis addresses the problems related to the assessment of gender-based claims of persecution under the international definition of 'refugee'. The 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees does not list 'gender' as one of the persecution grounds that entitle a person to seek refuge. In attempting to solve this apparent dilemma, the 'membership of a particular social group' category was long considered to be the appropriate assessment framework.
While nowadays the other four enumerated Convention grounds---race, religion, nationality, and political opinion---have increasingly received regard, the approach to gender-based persecution has so far been neither systematic, nor consistent. Moreover, the most critical interpretative hurdles continue to arise in the context of the 'membership of a particular social group' category,
This study therefore examines the link between the two concepts of gender-based persecution and the 'membership of a particular social group' category. For this purpose, both concepts are first considered independently (Parts II and III). Following this, the larger part of the analysis is assigned to the examination of the international case law concerning gender-based claims (Part IV) which shall determine if and how gender-based persecution can appropriately be accommodated under the 'membership of a particular social group' category,
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Clouet, Johanne. "La domesticité juvénile en Haïti : une vision à travers la lentille du pluralisme juridique." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115989.

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In this thesis, we present the outcomes of a research conducted on children's domestic labor in Haiti. In addition to being engaged in housekeeping work -- which has a negative impact on access to basic education -- children in domesticity are generally victims of harmful disciplinary measures as well. Consequently, our main objective is to expose the actual norms and practices regarding the education and the physical treatment of young domestic workers.
Based on legal pluralism, the approach undertaken during this research combines both theoretical and empirical research, and focuses on law and norms existing at multiple levels.
First, we present the information gathered from our theoretical approach. After exploring the notion of "Haitian child domestic servant", sketching social profiles of actors engaged in the practice of domesticity, and identifying the most significant contingent factors, we underline the principal national and international norms guaranteeing children the right to education as well as to physical integrity.
Second, we explore the local norms related to the education and to physical treatment of young domestic servants through the results of empirical research carried out in Haiti in the form of observation and interviews with relevant actors.
We conclude by identifying the framework of norms that govern the behaviour of families that host domestic children. Understanding that framework allows jurists and other actors to identify and implement the actions more likely to improve the quality of life of child domestic workers.
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Setrakian, Aida Alice. "Armenians in the Ottoman legal system (16th-18th centuries)." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99600.

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This thesis examines the participation of Armenians in the shari'a courts of the Ottoman Empire from the 16th to the 18th centuries. Scholars have traditionally thought that Armenians in the Ottoman Empire resolved their disputes within their own communities' legal systems. However, new studies of Ottoman court records reveal that Armenians in the Ottoman Empire frequently used the shari'a courts to resolve a wide variety of disputes. There are several possible reasons to account for this frequent shari'a court use by a community that theoretically had its own courts. The first is that the Armenian millet's legal structures were perhaps exaggerated or misunderstood by previous scholars. The second is that Islamic law was not as unfavourable to dhimmis as presumed and that the shari'a courts were adequate for their needs. Finally, the way the courts applied Islamic law was sometimes advantageous to certain dhimmis.
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Beamer-Downie, Darcy. "Freight forwarders' liability during international multimodal transportation." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33354.

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Over the past 30 years the transportation of goods has developed beyond recognition. The transportation infrastructure is sophisticated and relatively efficient and it is not unusual for goods to be shipped by more than one mode of transportation. Unfortunately, private law has not kept pace with these infrastructure changes. Therefore, a different liability regime applies to every unimodal type of transportation. Though, each unimodal regime is usually based on similar principles they are sufficiently different, from each other, to create a great deal of uncertainty when trying to assess the liability of the participants, in the transportation venture. Such uncertainly is highlighted, for example, when the exact time of the loss or damage cannot be ascertained---which liability regime is applicable?
An individual who engages a forwarder will not be particularly concerned with the above and generally assumes that by dealing with a forwarder, the forwarder will be liable for any loss or delay. Unfortunately, this is not always the case and depending on the terms upon which the forwarder contracts i.e. as agent, principal, carrier etc., and the application of any mandatory liability regime the forwarder may limit or escape liability altogether. Thereby leaving the customer without an effective remedy.
In this thesis we have examined the common law evolution of the freight forwarder from their traditional role as agents to their modern sophisticated role, as a "one stop shop," which more closely resembles that of principal. With particular emphasis on how forwarders' have coped with the advent of multimodal transportation and its legal uncertainty.
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Falcon, Paulette Yvonne Lynnette. "If the evil ever occurs : the 1873 Married Women's Property Act : law, property and gender relations in 19th century British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30571.

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This study will examine the circumstances surrounding the passage of the British Columbia Married Women's Property Act, 1873 and the judicial response to it. The statute was an attempt on the part of legislators to clarify and facilitate married women's actions in the marketplace, while accomodating new ideas about women's place in society. But despite the rhetoric about women's rights and the bill's more egalitarian potential, it precipitated no domestic revolution. The courts, in turn, ignored the legislation's more liberal provisions and interpreted it solely as a protective measure. Notwithstanding their different views on gender relations and marital property reform, legislators and judges shared common beliefs about the importance of family life. Consequently, the law defended women's legal rights as family members more than as individuals. Overall, the bill represented a compromise. Although it was meant to alleviate some of a wife's legal disabilities so that she could participate more freely in the economic life of the community, it was also grounded in the Victorian paternalism of the legislators who enacted it and the judges who enforced it. As a result, despite the challenge presented by the provisions of the Married Women's Property Act, the doctrine of marital unity proved remarkably resilient.
Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
Graduate
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Latulippe, Chloé. "Territoire, mouvement et protection des minorités en droit international : le cas des Roms et des Gens du voyage." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=101820.

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In an era of globalisation, often described as the era of mobility and of the decline of the relevance of territory, the Roma and the Travellers embody a transnational and non-territorial society. Yet this minority group experiences deplorable living conditions and the survival of its culture is endangered. A study of minority protection mechanisms in international law reveals that the grasp of territory and "sedentarism" has far from disappeared from this branch of law. Territory (or the absence thereof) and movement are the main challenges faced by international law in the development of solutions to the situation of the Roma and the Travellers. In light of the failure of current minority protection regimes, the quest for recognition of a "Roma nation" appears to be an avenue worth exploring. However, while the Roma may not fall clearly within the parameters of minority protection, they do not fall clearly within the concept of nation either. When examining the potential of such recognition, one realizes that it is necessary to redefine the right of self-determination in the context of minority protection and in a transnational and non-territorial perspective.
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Matakala, Lungowe. "Inheritance and disinheritance of widows and orphans in Zambia : getting the best out of Zambian laws." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608991.

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Dorsett, Shaunnagh Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Thinking jurisdictionally: a genealogy of native title." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Law, 2005. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/23963.

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In Mabo v. State of Queensland (No. 2) (1992) 175 C.L.R. 1, the majority of the High Court held that ???native title??? had survived the acquisition of sovereignty over the Australian continent and is ???recognised??? by the common law. However, all the judgments failed to articulate clearly either the nature of native title as a legal form, and the relationship of that legal form to the common law, or what is meant by ???recognition???. Twelve years later the High Court has still not provided a satisfactory understanding of any of these matters. The central problem investigated by this thesis is the nature of that relationship and of the legal interest of native title. It is contended that this relationship can be understood and ordered as a matter of jurisdiction. This thesis seeks to recuperate a substantive concept of jurisdiction, and specifically of a particular jurisdiction, that of the common law, and to demonstrate how the interest of native title results from the jurisdictional relationship between common law and indigenous law. Part I is a genealogy of native title, drawn out through a history of ideas about common law jurisdiction. It is an account of the legal practice of jurisdiction, through a conceptual elaboration of a particular jurisdiction: the common law. This part traces the history of the common law from its origins in a pluralistic, fragmented, jurisdictional landscape, to its current position as the ???law of the land???. It considers the traditional mechanisms and techniques through which the common law has ordered its relationships with other jurisdictions, and how it has appropriated matters traditionally within the purview of other jurisdictions, accommodating them within the common law as ???custom???. The thesis demonstrates that the same gestures and practices can be seen in modern native title decisions, and contends that the ordering which underpins both native title, and the Australian legal system, is jurisdictional. Part II examines the practice of jurisdiction through an examination of three technologies of jurisdiction, all of which contributed to the construction of the legal entity of native title as an act of jurisdiction: mapping, accommodation and categorisation.
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Books on the topic "Laws etc"

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Laos. [Laws, decrees, etc.]. [Vientiane: s.n., 1989.

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(Quebec), Laurentides National Park. Lois, règlements, etc.: Laws, regulations, etc. Quebec: [s.n.], 1986.

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Architects--legal status, laws, etc. Monticello, Ill: Vance Bibliographies, 1985.

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K, Mukherjee S. Railways laws: Alongwith acts, rules, regulations, etc. Allahabad: Dwivedi Law Agency, 2010.

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Murphy's Laws of PCs. San Francisco: SYBEX, 1993.

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Weisskopf, Gene. Murphy's Laws of PCs. 2nd ed. San Francisco: Sybex, 1994.

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M, Chaudhry G., ed. The protection of women: Criminal laws amendment act, 2006 with other relevant laws, etc. Rawalpindi: Federal Law House, 2006.

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Township), Caradoc (Ont :. By-laws of the municipality of Caradoc relating to the duties of path-masters & pound-keepers, etc., etc. [Strathroy, Ont.?: s.n.], 1985.

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Henshaw, Peter. Motorcycling abroad: Adventure, advice, safety, laws. Sparkford: Haynes, 2006.

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Tischauser, Leslie Vincent. Jim Crow laws. Santa Barbara, Calif: Greenwood, 2012.

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Book chapters on the topic "Laws etc"

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Loke, Andrew. "Introducing the Quest for an Explanation." In The Teleological and Kalam Cosmological Arguments Revisited, 1–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94403-2_1.

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AbstractContemporary formulations of the Teleological Argument (TA) and Kalām Cosmological Argument (KCA) involve considerations of both philosophy and scientific cosmology. Against scientism, cosmologist George Ellis observes, with respect to the criteria for a good scientific theory (internal consistency, explanatory power, etc.), that ‘these criteria are philosophical in nature in that they themselves cannot be proven to be correct by any experiment. Rather their choice is based on past experience combined with philosophical reflection’. In view of the importance of philosophical considerations, cosmologists should not merely construct models of the universe without considering the philosophical problems associated with certain models, such as problems concerning the traversing of an actual infinite and the violation of the Causal Principle. This book develops these arguments in engagement with modern science. Against the New Verificationism proposed by Ladyman et al., I show that mathematics and the laws of logic are both necessary for science and yet also knowable a priori. The necessity of the laws of logic implies that the conclusion of a deductively valid argument from true premises must be true, and I shall show in this book that the KCA-TA is such an argument. I note that a number of objections to the TA and KCA can be addressed by combining them, and I provide a new formulation of the KCA-TA.
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Anderson, J. N. D. "Table of Statutes, Etc." In Changing Law in Developing Countries, 270–75. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003245674-15.

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Curtis, Simon, Ian Gaunt, and William Cecil. "Article XVI—Patents, trademarks, copyrights, etc." In The Law of Shipbuilding Contracts, 263–64. Fifth edition. | Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2020. | Series: Lloyd’s shipping law library: Informa Law from Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429428166-20.

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Frischhut, Markus. "Philosophical Lens (The Normative Theories, etc. Continued)." In The Ethical Spirit of EU Law, 89–121. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-10582-2_4.

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"Explanation and the Laws of Nature." In Plato Etc, 38–57. Routledge, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203860069-7.

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"Laws of variation-Use and disuse, etc." In The Works of Charles Darwin: Vol 20: The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication (, 1875, Vol II), 263–86. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315476858-17.

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Hack, Melanie Regine. "List of laws, preparatory work, official documents etc." In Taking Age Equality Seriously: The Example of Mandatory Retirement, 385–93. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845272078-385.

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"International Recovery of Maintenance (Hague Convention 2007 etc) Regulations 2012." In Statutes on the Conflict of Laws. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509900503.ch-082.

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Oda, Hiroshi. "Criminal Law and Procedure." In Japanese Law, 450–66. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869474.003.0019.

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The primary statute of criminal law in Japan is the Criminal Code of 1907. There are various separate laws which provide for specific crimes, generally denoted as ‘special criminal laws’. Some offences were added by way of such special laws in the recent years including the law against terrorist acts of 2019. The The Criminal Code is divided into the General Part and the Special Part. The former lays down the general principles and basic concepts of criminal law such as intention, negligence, attempt, accomplice, etc. The latter lists specific offences. Constitution guarantees the rights of defendants and suspects. Criminal procedure has become much more transparent, and better protection is given to suspects.
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Briggs, Adrian. "Persons." In The Conflict of Laws, 305–33. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838500.003.0008.

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This chapter discusses the law of persons. Prior to Exit Day, the private international law of matrimonial causes, parental responsibility, and maintenance was covered in part by two European Regulations: the Brussels II Regulation, Regulation (EC) 2201/2003, and the Maintenance Regulation, Regulation (EC) 4/2009. According to the Jurisdiction and Judgments (Family) (Amendment etc) (EU Exit) Regulations 2019, SI 2019 No 519, regulations 3 and 4, these two European Regulations will be revoked. Until Exit Day they are in full force and effect, but unless further legislative arrangements are made they will not apply to proceedings commenced before a English (or, where recognition is concerned, other Member State) court on or after Exit Day. SI 2019 No 519 makes consequential alterations to English law, which will come into effect on Exit Day.
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Conference papers on the topic "Laws etc"

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Al-Bender, Farid. "On the Definition and Laws of Friction." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63518.

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The basic definitions, laws, notions and concepts employed in the study of friction are reviewed. It is shown that accepted definitions contain elements of laws, that accepted laws are formally ill-stated, and that basic notions such as contact, adhesion, etc. need critical revision and new syntheses. It is suggested that an international committee should undertake this task.
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Honavara Prasad, Srikanth, and Daejong Kim. "Scaling Laws of Radial Clearance and Bump Stiffness of Radial Foil Bearings." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56704.

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Design and analysis of foil bearings involve consideration to various physical aspects such as fluid pressure, structural deformation and heat generation due to viscous effects within the bearing. These complex physical interactions are mathematically governed by highly nonlinear partial differential equations. Therefore, foil bearing design involves detailed calculations of flow fields (velocities, pressures), bump deflections (structural compliance) and heat transfer phenomena (viscous dissipation in the fluid, frictional heating, temperature profile etc.). The computational effort in terms of time and hardware requirements make high level engineering analyses tedious which presents an opportunity for development of rule of thumb laws for design guidelines. Scaling laws for bearing clearance and bump stiffness of radial foil bearings of various sizes are presented in this paper. The scaling laws are developed from first principles using the scale invariant Reynolds equation and bump deflection equation. Power law relationships are established between the 1) radial clearance and bearing radius and 2) bump stiffness and bearing radius. Simulation results of static and dynamic performance of various bearing sizes following the proposed scaling laws are presented.
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Littlejohn, Robert G., and Roland Winston. "Corrections to classical radiometry." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1993.tuv.2.

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Im, Seyoung, and Yongwoo Lee. "Two-State Conservation Integrals and Stress Singularities in Generic Wedges." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0624.

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Abstract The eigenvalues of Williams’ series expansion for generalized wedge problems, which include cracks, re-entrant corners, free edges, and cracks meeting with material interface, etc. are examined from the viewpoint of conservation laws like J-integral and M-integral. By use of the so-called two-state conservation laws or interaction energy, originally proposed by Eshelby and later treated by Chen and Shield, discussed is that the complementary pairs of eigenvalues exist in the J-integral sense and/or in the M-integral sense when these integrals are conserved. Similar results are shown to hold for the eigenvalues of three dimensional wedges.
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Mescherina, E. "NIKOLAUS ARNONCOURT: “NEW UNDERSTANDING” AND PROBLEMS OF INTERPRETATION OF ANCIENT MUSIC." In Aesthetics and Hermeneutics. LCC MAKS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m2547.978-5-317-06726-7/61-64.

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The approach proposed by the famous conductor of our time N. Arnoncourt to interpret the music of the past as the “language of its era” includes a number of components (understanding music based on its own laws; the need for historical knowledge, etc.) and opposes “aesthetic music making”, which demonstrates exclusively the technical side of the execution.
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Chen, Lingen, Dan Xia, Huijun Feng, and Shaojun Xia. "Ecological Optimization for an Endoreversible Chemical Pump With Three Mass Reservoirs." In ASME 2018 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2018-86250.

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This paper firstly educes an energy-based ecological function (EF) which is a compromise between energy pumping rate (EPR) and dissipation of EPR for an endoreversible chemical pump (CP) cycle. By solving the equations of Euler Lagrange, the fundamental optimization relationships of the EF and coefficient of performance (COP) for the CP cycles with linear mass transfer (MT) law and diffusive MT law are derived. The numerical calculations to analyze the influences of the cycle parameters on the relationship between the EF and COP are provided, and the influence of two different MT laws on the EF and COP characteristic is discussed in detail. The maximum EF of the cycle with the linear MT law is bigger than that with the diffusive MT law. The results obtained in this paper can be applied to design a class of devices, such as photochemical, electrochemical and solid-state apparatus as well as mass exchangers, etc.
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Patel, Jaimeen, and Harish P. Cherukuri. "Chip Morphology Studies Using Separate Fracture Toughness Values for Chip Separation and Serration in Orthogonal Machining Simulations." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6682.

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It is well known that the chip morphology predictions in machining simulations depend on the separation criteria used for modeling chip formation. In this paper, we propose to use two different criteria for chip separation and serration along with the Johnson-Cook damage model. The threshold value for chip separation is determined from machining experiments using the methodologies discussed in Patel et al. [1]. In addition, two separate damage evolution laws for chip separation and serration are used. Our results indicate that the choice of the evolution law and the threshold values of Gc used for chip separation and serration have a significant effect on chip shape and other field variables such as the equivalent plastic strain, cutting force, temperature, etc.
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Бекимбетов, Муратбай, Гулрух Сатторбергенова, and Шернияз Баниязов. "THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF SERVICE QUALITY MANAGEMENT." In Status and development trends of standardization and technical regulation in the world. Tashkent state technical university, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51346/tstu-conf.22.1-77-0007.

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The social aspect of quality is related to the attitude of subjects and/or the whole society to the studied object, for example, with the perception and attitude of certain consumers to the corresponding products or services. At the same time, quality can be considered as a category that meets the laws of supply and demand, depending on the level of culture, consumer incomes, etc.
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Zhixing, Wang, Li Wenhui, Li Huamin, and Wu Ruimin. "The Automatic Sketching of Planar Kinematic Chains." In ASME 1994 Design Technical Conferences collocated with the ASME 1994 International Computers in Engineering Conference and Exhibition and the ASME 1994 8th Annual Database Symposium. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc1994-0285.

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Abstract This paper presents a method for the automatic generation of independent loops and peripheral loops of planar kinematic chains. In order to implement this method, three laws are brought out and some new concepts, for instance, same-position-link, similar-loop, loop-link-vector, loop-joint-vector, loop-link matrix and loop-joint matrix, etc., are defined. Finally, planar kinematic chains are sketched automatically according to these loops generated.
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Zhu, Rongkai, Qun Zheng, Guoqiang Yue, and Jiguo Zou. "Researches of Similitude Theory for Axial Flow Helium Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-50937.

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In designing of a helium axial compressor from its homologous air compressor, the similarities between them have to be investigated. Such as how to establish the similarity criterion, how to prescribe the experimental air compressor’s parameters by the similitude laws, how to get the performance data of helium compressor from the air compressor test data etc, are important for the accurate design. The first stage of a high pressure helium compressor is taken as experimental model, with air as the working fluids in the experiments. The differences of physical parameters of helium and air, like density, viscosity, adiabatic exponent have been considered. The similitude laws used in the experiment have been established, and the reasons of deviation and correcting methods are analyzed. These results are useful references for the aerodynamic design of helium compressor.
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Reports on the topic "Laws etc"

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SUN, JUNJIANG, GUOPING QIAN, Shuqi Yue, and Anna szumilewicz. Factors influencing physical activity in pregnant women from the perspective of a socio-ecological model: A systematic review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.11.0073.

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Review question / Objective: The main aim of this review is to analyse the impact factors of material physical activity in an ecological model and to analyse differences in influencing factors between pregnant women's PA and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) , provide a reference for the research, intervention, and policy designation of maternal physical activity. Rationale: In combination with McLeroy et al. (1988)behavior is viewed as being determined by the following: (1) Personal level: the internal factors of the individual characteristics,(sociodemographic and biological, behavior, psychological ); (2) interpersonal level: interpersonal processes and primary groups-formal and informal social network and social support systems,(eg: family、public, etc.); (3)organization level: social institutions with organizational characteristics, such as health services, gyms and may also include influences from health care providers and Physical activity consultant, etc.; (4) community level: relationships among organizations, institutions, and informal networks within defined boundaries,(eg: appropriate facilities、living environment, etc.); and finally (5) public policy level: local, state, and national laws and policies.
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Pavlyuk, Ihor. MEDIACULTURE AS A NECESSARY FACTOR OF THE CONSERVATION, DEVELOPMENT AND TRANSFORMATION OF ETHNIC AND NATIONAL IDENTITY. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11071.

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The article deals with the mental-existential relationship between ethnoculture, national identity and media culture as a necessary factor for their preservation, transformation, on the example of national original algorithms, matrix models, taking into account global tendencies and Ukrainian archetypal-specific features in Ukraine. the media actively serve the domestic oligarchs in their information-virtual and real wars among themselves and the same expansive alien humanitarian acts by curtailing ethno-cultural programs-projects on national radio, on television, in the press, or offering the recipient instead of a pop pointer, without even communicating to the audience the information stipulated in the media laws − information support-protection-development of ethno-culture national product in the domestic and foreign/diaspora mass media, the support of ethnoculture by NGOs and the state institutions themselves. In the context of the study of the cultural national socio-humanitarian space, the article diagnoses and predicts the model of creating and preserving in it the dynamic equilibrium of the ethno-cultural space, in which the nation must remember the struggle for access to information and its primary sources both as an individual and the state as a whole, culture the transfer of information, which in the process of globalization is becoming a paramount commodity, an egregore, and in the post-traumatic, interrupted-compensatory cultural-information space close rehabilitation mechanisms for national identity to become a real factor in strengthening the state − and vice versa in the context of adequate laws («Law about press and other mass media», Law «About printed media (press) in Ukraine», Law «About Information», «Law about Languages», etc.) and their actual effect in creating motivational mechanisms for preserving/protecting the Ukrainian language, as one of the main identifiers of national identity, information support for its expansion as labels cultural and geostrategic areas.
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Castle, G. G. Dimensionless parameters, scaling laws, and the implications for ETG. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/468601.

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Carpenter, Christopher, Sabina Postolek, and Casey Warman. Public-Place Smoking Laws and Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS). Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, March 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15849.

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Ruff, Grigory, and Tatyana Sidorina. THE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF ENGINEERING CREATIVITY IN STUDENTS OF MILITARY INSTITUTIONS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/model_of_engineering_creativity.

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The troops of the national guard of the Russian Federation are equipped with modern models of weapons, special equipment, Informatization tools, engineering weapons that have artificial intelligence in their composition are being developed, " etc., which causes an increase in the requirements for the quality of professional training of future officers. The increasing complexity of military professional activities, the avalanche-like increase in information, the need to develop the ability to quickly and accurately make and implement well-known and own engineering solutions in an unpredictable military environment demonstrates that the most important tasks of modern higher education are not only providing graduates with a system of fundamental and special knowledge and skills, but also developing their professional independence, and this led to the concept of engineering and creative potential in the list of professionally important qualities of an officer. To expedite a special mechanism system compact intense clarity through cognitive visualization of the educational material, thickening of educational knowledge through encoding, consolidation and structuring Principle of cognitive visualization stems from the psychological laws in accordance with which the efficiency of absorption is increased if visibility in training does not only illustrative, but also cognitive function, which leads to active inclusion, along with the left and right hemispheres of the student in the process of assimilation of information, based on the use of logical and semantic modeling, which contributes to the development of engineering and creative potential.
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Megersa, Kelbesa. Gender and Tax: Programming and Evidence. Institute of Development Studies, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.040.

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Generally, policymakers and tax analysts (as well as donors concerned about gender equity) have not made proper consideration about how tax policies and tax reforms can interact with gendered cultural norms in developing countries. However, there are worries that tax systems are biased against women and that recent tax reforms may increase the incidence of taxes on women and other underprivileged groups – while, at the same time, failing to garner sufficient tax revenue to fund social programmes necessary to enhance their lives. Since women in developing countries are particularly vulnerable to poverty, a comprehensive and rigorous assessment of tax systems (e.g., existing tax laws, tax administrations and new tax reforms) is needed to understand how they are uniquely affected. Gender-responsive tax programming by donors (and developing-country governments) requires dedication to assess the gender impact of tax policy and tax administration – i.e., who benefits and who is losing from existing tax arrangements or proposed reforms. Although there is growing evidence in the academic literature about the gender dimension of tax, there is still very limited programming by donors on tax policy and tax administration with an explicit focus on gender. Similarly, rarely do donor-funded programmes targeting gendered inequities and empowerment of women incorporate a clear tax agenda. However, there is some evidence that this trend is changing. Some recent regional and country programmes on DRM (e.g., on tax administration, tax policy, tax research, etc.), as well as business and investment climate improvement programmes, are incorporating explicit gender targets into their tax programme components. Some of these regional and country programmes are briefly discussed in the review (with more information on these provided in Sections 4 and 5).
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Fisher, Wayne W., Cathleen C. Piazza, Lynn G. Bowman, and Adrianna Amari. Reinforcer Assessment for Individuals with Severe Disabilities (RAISD). Edited by Javier Virues-Ortega. ABA España, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26741/2021.raisd.

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El propósito de esta entrevista estructurada es obtener la mayor cantidad de información específica posible de los informantes (p.ej., maestros, padres, cuidadores) en cuanto a lo que ellos creen que serían reforzadores útiles para el estudiante. Este cuestionario explora varias categorías de estímulos (p.ej., visuales, auditivos, etc.). Después de que el informante haya generado una lista de estímulos preferidos, haga preguntas adicionales para obtener información más concreta sobre las preferencias del estudiante y las condiciones de estímulo bajo las que un objeto o actividad tienen mayor preferencia (p.ej., ¿qué tipo de vídeos son sus favoritos? ¿qué hace cuando juega con un espejo? ¿prefiere realizar la actividad estando sola o con otra persona?, etc.)
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Godenau, Dirk. Migraciones y economía. Observatorio de la Inmigración de Tenerife. Departamento de Geografía e Historia. Universidad de La Laguna. Tenerife, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/r.obitfact.2020.01.

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Los motivos económicos están entre los factores explicativos básicos de las migraciones, tanto de las internacionales como de las interiores dentro de los países. A su vez, los movimientos migratorios tienen efectos en la economía; en el crecimiento económico en general y también en los distintos mercados (trabajo, vivienda, bienes de consumo, etc.) y los servicios públicos (educación, sanidad, servicios sociales, etc.) El propósito de este documento reside en ofrecer una visión sinóptica de estas interacciones entre migraciones y economía para el caso de las Islas Canarias. Para ello se plantearán inicialmente algunas aclaraciones conceptuales sobre la determinación mutua de ambos procesos, para luego especificarlas con evidencia sobre el caso canario en los principales temas a tener en cuenta: los motivos económicos de las migraciones, su impacto en el crecimiento económico, el mercado de trabajo y las condiciones de vida de la población inmigrante. El apartado final alude a la importancia del marco institucional que regula estas relaciones entre migraciones y economía, ya que están lejos de poder interpretarse como una relación mecánica y alejada de la esfera política.
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Escudero, Antonio, Luis Lizán, Susana Aceituno, and Jaume Ribera. El papel de la Evaluación de las Tecnologías Sanitarias (ETS) en la toma de decisiones sobre política farmacéutica. Servicio de Publicaciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/018.st-457.

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Daigneault, R. A. Géologie des formations en surface, région de Salluit et des Lacs Nuvilik, Québec-Territoires du Nord-Ouest. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/208590.

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