Academic literature on the topic 'Law, west virginia'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Law, west virginia.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Law, west virginia"
1
Graham, Andrew S., and Cole T. Delancey. "West Virginia Oil and Gas Update." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 19, no. 2 (March 2013): 637–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v19.i2.33.
Full textAbstract:
This Article summarizes and discusses important cases and legislation, issued or enacted between September 1, 2011, and August 31, 2012, pertaining to the law of oil and gas in West Virginia. The Article is divided into two parts. Part One discusses the Natural Gas Horizontal Well Control Act, which was enacted by the West Virginia Legislature on December 14, 2011. Part Two discusses developments in West Virginia's case law regarding oil and gas. In this Part, the Authors will discuss and analyze major decisions issued by the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, as well as decisions by the United States District Courts for the Northern and Southern Districts of West Virginia.
2
Graham, Andrew, and Cole DeLancey. "West Virginia." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 18, no. 3 (March 2012): 675–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v18.i3.23.
Full textAbstract:
This Article summarizes and discusses important cases, legislation, and regulations issued or enacted pertaining to the oil and gas jurisprudence of West Virginia between September 1, 2010, and August 31, 2011. The Authors acknowledge that the term "important" is subjec- tive; nevertheless, they endeavor to discuss the most germane cases and regulations affecting the oil and gas industry. This Article is divided into two parts. Part One discusses a very important regulation promulgated by the Office of Oil and Gas, a division of the West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection, regarding water use by the oil and gas industry when drilling horizontal wells. Noticeably absent from this Part is any discussion of major legislation affecting the oil and gas industry. During the requisite period, no significant legislation was enacted, which the Authors subjectively deemed worthy of discussion. Nevertheless, the legislature introduced numerous bills, which if enacted, would have substantially impacted the oil and gas industry. Part Two of this Article discusses developments in West Virginia's case law regarding oil and gas. In this Part, the Authors will discuss and analyze major decisions issued by the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals ("Supreme Court of Appeals"), one important case litigated in the Circuit Court of Monongalia County, West Virginia, and the United States District Courts for the Northern and Southern Districts of West Virginia.
3
Fershee, Josh. "Oil & Gas Survey: West Virginia." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 6, no. 3 (December 2020): 382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v6.i3.19.
Full textAbstract:
This Article summarizes and discusses important recent developments in West Virginia’s oil and gas law as determined by recent West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals cases. There were no substantial legislative changes in the current period.
4
Kesavan, Vasan, and Michael Stokes Paulsen. "Is West Virginia Unconstitutional?" California Law Review 90, no. 2 (March 2002): 291. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3481282.
Full text
5
Criswell, Walter Scott. "The West Virginia Story." Juvenile and Family Court Journal 12, no. 2 (July 30, 2009): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-6988.1961.tb00182.x.
Full text
6
Munger, Frank. "Legal Resources of Striking Miners: Notes for a Study of Class Conflict and Law." Social Science History 15, no. 1 (1991): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014555320002099x.
Full textAbstract:
Union miners stand together,Heed no operator’s tale.Keep your hands upon the dollar,And your eyes upon the scale.—verse from “Miner’s Lifeguard” [Silverman 1975: 389]In 1895, Fayette County, West Virginia, a leading coal county in the southern West Virginia coal fields, experienced widespread strikes by miners. The strikes were remarkable because, in an American industry known for violent labor relations and intensive union organizing since the appearance of the Molly Maguires in Pennsylvania before 1880, this was the first major strike in southern West Virginia. We might attempt to understand the role of law and public authority in these strikes in terms of legal repression by means of the labor injunction, labor conspiracy laws, and strikebreaking by the police and military. But none of these occurred in Fayette in 1895, though the later history of labor conflict in West Virginia is replete with all of them. In another way, however, the legal events accompanying these strikes are far more remarkable and challenge us to examine more subtle connections between class conflict and law.
7
Emery, Robert A. "The West Virginia Law Library Raid, August 1863." Legal Reference Services Quarterly 11, no. 1-2 (November 4, 1991): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j113v11n01_11.
Full text
8
Blanc, Eric. "Breaking the Law: Strike Bans and Labor Revitalization in the Red State Revolt." Labor Studies Journal 45, no. 1 (March 2020): 74–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x20901632.
Full textAbstract:
A comparative analysis of the early 2018 statewide educators’ strikes in West Virginia, Arizona, and Oklahoma illustrates the viability of a relatively neglected prescription for revitalizing organized labor: illegal strike action. Whereas the West Virginia and Arizona walkouts successfully ignored legal prohibitions on striking and won major concessions from the state, Oklahoma’s action was less successful in part because it remained on the terrain of legality. The experience of these three actions indicates that rank-and-file workers, union officials, and labor scholars should reconsider the labor movement’s prevailing strategy of working within the law.
9
Schaupp, Ludwig Christian. "Developing a Blockchain Solution for West Virginia Medicinal Cannabis." International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 9, no. 2 (April 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2019040101.
Full textAbstract:
West Virginia became the 29th state in the country to legalize cannabis for medicinal purposes in 2017. Two years later, the state's medicinal marijuana program is scheduled to start enrolling patients; however, state legislators acknowledge that the program is still years behind actual implementation due to obstacles that have become seemingly insurmountable via existing channels. This paper undertakes a holistic evaluation of the value of blockchain to the nascent medicinal marijuana industry in West Virginia. Three use cases are presented to address the difficulties the state has experienced during the program's first two years of rollout efforts. Specifically, a blockchain use case is developed to address the issue of traceability to prove provenance, managing the vertically integrated supply chain and because of federal tax law the particularly cumbersome issue of collecting and storing payments.
10
Pifer, Ross H., and Chloe J. Marie. "Appalachian Basin–Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio–Oil and Gas Law Developments." Texas A&M Journal of Property Law 8, no. 3 (April 2022): 255–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/jpl.v8.i3.2.
Full textAbstract:
This article addresses oil and gas case law developments that have occurred within the Appalachian Basin’s primary oil and gas producing states of Pennsylvania, West Virginia, and Ohio during 2021 by reviewing opinions issued by the highest appellate courts within each of these three states. The oil and gas law topics addressed by these state supreme courts during 2021 have ranged from those occurring upstream, such as leasing, to those occurring downstream, such as approval of a utility rate increase for the extension of a natural gas pipeline.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Law, west virginia"
1
Barcus, Paul E. "Selecting the most qualified teacher applicant utilizing West Virginia code #18A-4-7a." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=522.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 1999.Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 172 p. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-155).
2
Flanigan, Jackson L. "The West Virginia Pauley v. Bailey decision: an historical perspective." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50018.
Full textAbstract:
In 1979, the West Virginia Supreme Court remanded to the trial court the highly controversial Pauley v. Bailey decision. Subsequently, the trial court judge, Arthur Recht, following the specific instructions of the Supreme Court, ruled the public school finance system unconstitutional. Justice Recht ordered the West Virginia Legislature to develop a state system for funding the public schools that would comply with the constitutional mandate to provide a system of public schools that was "thorough and efficient" (West Virginia Constitution Art. 13 Section 1). Thus, West Virginia joined six other states that have ruled their state systems for financing public schools violative of their respective state constitutions. The purpose of this study was to identify the historical circumstances affecting the public school finance system which ultimately led to the Pauley decision. In addition, the study traced and chronicled the legislative and judicial attempts to implement Pauley through the end of the West Virginia Legislature in 1984.Ph. D.
incomplete_metadata
3
Sites, Jeanette Abdoney. "The development of the public school support plan in West Virginia." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49897.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of the study was to trace the historical and legal development of the financial support system for public elementary and secondary education in West Virginia from 1863 through November, 1984. In addition, the study provided a compiled source of data on selected aspects of the West Virginia school support system which had bearing upon the 1975 legislation that successfully challenged the constitutionality of the state school finance system. In the case of Pauley et al. v. Bailey et al., the method of financing public schools in West Virginia was declared unconstitutional on May 11, 1982, and the court directed the Legislature to completely redesign the West Virginia system of public school finance.
In order for the educational and legislative leaders to fulfill meeting the court's criteria, an awareness of the changes and carryover of past doctrines and practices into the present situation was deemed to be of great importance. The study provided a historical review of significant legislation and cases affecting the evolution of the West Virginia school finance system. Designated periods of time in education history were presented through the utilization of both a chronological and topical approach. Evaluative criteria, such as equity in funding, adequacy in educational opportunity, efficiency of organization, and formula alterations were incorporated into the study in order to identify the significant changes in the developmental process of school finance.Ed. D.
incomplete_metadata
4
Livesay, Norman Dwight. "An analysis of the laws affecting the employment rights of public school employees in the state of West Virginia." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52326.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study was to examine provisions of the Constitution of West Virginia, enactments of the West Virginia Legislature, decisions of the West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals, policies of the West Virginia Board of Education, opinions of the Attorney General, and interpretations of the State Superintendent of Schools to ascertain the legal status of West Virginia public school personnel with respect to their employment rights.
Federal Constitutional provisions, statutes, and court cases were also cited when of overriding importance or when West Virginia legal references were found to be inadequate.
Legal research of the employment process and rights of public school employees focused on the following areas: nomination for employment, discrimination, substantive and procedural due process, certification, employee classifications, probationary and continuing contracts, assignment and transfer, suspension and dismissal, resignation, employment term, and compensation. Other legal provisions reviewed in relationship to West Virginia public school personnel included academic freedom, assignment of duties, personal leave, leaves of absence and other absences, workmen's compensation, unemployment compensation, insurance benefits, retirement, seniority, reductions in force, grievance procedures, employee organizations, and collective bargaining.Ed. D.
5
Kirk, Andrew J. "Seasonal Variation of Fish and Macroinvertebrate Biomass Spectra in Southern West Virginia Streams." VCU Scholars Compass, 2016. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4228.
Full textAbstract:
The biomass size spectrum - the power-law scaling relationship between average individual size and total biomass - has often been studied in lake and marine ecosystems, but rarely in lotic systems. The objective of this study was to test for characteristic biomass spectra in small temperate streams. Seasonal fish and macroinvertebrate data, including population abundance and biomass estimates, were collected in three wadeable, southern West Virginia streams from October 2013 to May 2015. Fish abundances were estimated with 3-pass electrofishing (depletion) surveys and individuals were weighed in the field. Macroinvertebrates were collected with a Hess sampler and returned to the lab for identification to the lowest practical level (usually genus). Published length-mass regressions were then used to estimate individual mass. All size spectra relationships (linear regression of log-log data) were highly significant (p<0.001). Size spectra intercepts were variable and may reflect seasonal differences in fish and invertebrate densities. Size spectra slopes were more consistent, with a mean slope of approximately -0.73, suggesting a common scaling relationship between stream consumers at differing trophic levels.
6
Fredette, Allison. "The view from the border a study of gender and women's rights in West Virginia during the age of emancipation /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5674.
Full text
7
Bellefeuille, Barbara Kae. "The history of the Bluefield bible program 1939-1989." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/54491.
Full textAbstract:
The United States has had an interesting and full history of debate over the place of religion in the public schools and each state has had its own unique history on the same subject. Religion/Bible saturated the typical public school in western Virginia before 1863. After West Virginia became a state, the saturation of religion/Bible gradually lessened, producing concern among some citizens. In 1917, the State adopted a direct plan for outside Bible study to incorporate elective Bible study class. Since 1935, however, there is no record of any statewide promotion of religion/Bible in the schools. In 1939 Bluefield, Mercer County, West Virginia, submitted a request to and received approval from the State Board of Education to offer Bible classes in its schools. Adjustments have been made to the program due to judicial or committee decisions. Some of these adjustments have been prompted by national and local controversy over religion/Bible in the public schools. Nevertheless, the existing Bible program has been sustained as a result of its location, community support, and dynamic leaders. The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1) to identify and describe the impact various influences such as the co-founders, the community, and the first teachers, had on the Bluefield Bible Program which contributed to its continued existence to this day; and 2) to create an accurate record of the history and proceedings of the Bluefield Bible Program.Ed. D.
Books on the topic "Law, west virginia"
1
Skeen, Larry L. Oil & gas law, Kentucky, Virginia, West Virginia. Rochester, N.Y: Lawyers Cooperative Pub., 1994.
Find full text
2
McDiarmid, Marjorie Anne. Family law in West Virginia. [Morgantown, W. Va.?]: M. McDiarmid, 2001.
Find full text
3
Little, Barbara. West Virginia environmental law handbook. Edited by Jackson & Kelly. Rockville, Md: Government Institutes, 1990.
Find full text
4
Little, Barbara. West Virginia environmental law handbook. Edited by Jackson & Kelly. 2nd ed. Rockville, Md: Government Institutes, 2000.
Find full text
5
Cogar, Stephen W. West Virginia law enforcement fieldbook. 4th ed. Charlottesville, VA: LexisNexis, 2004.
Find full text
6
Virginia, West. West Virginia insurance laws. Chatsworth, Calif: NILS Pub. Co., 1990.
Find full text
7
West Virginia State Bar. Young Lawyers Section., ed. West Virginia practice handbook. 3rd ed. Charlottesville, Va: Michie Co., 1988.
Find full text
8
Temple, Hollee Schwartz. West Virginia legal research. Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press, 2013.
Find full text
9
Cogar, Stephen W. West Virginia law enforcement field guide. 6th ed. Charlottesville, VA: LexisNexis, 2007.
Find full text
10
Truitt, Thomas H. West Virginia environmental law: Course manual. Washington, D.C. (1120 20th St., N.W., Washington 20036): Federal Publications Inc., 1995.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Law, west virginia"
1
Doyle, Francis R. "West Virginia." In Searching the Law - The States, 1405–11. Brill | Nijhoff, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004531154_030.
Full text
2
Robertson, Lindsay G. "Legacies." In Conquest by Law, 117–42. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195314892.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In their immediate objectives, both Johnson v. M’Intosh and Green v. Biddle were only partly successful. Virginia’s opposition to the Court did di minish in the wake of these decisions, but at the cost of Kentucky’s in creased hostility. The invalidation of the occupying claimant laws, which ought to have benefited Virginia landholders, failed to deliver as expected because Kentucky’s legislature and courts refused to follow the Green decision.1 The Virginia militia lands question, which ought to have been helped toward favorable resolution by Johnson’s elimination of the Indian title objection as a conceivable bar, was put on hold for a year while Kentucky at tempted yet again to garner Virginia’s support in protesting the Court’s usurpation of power in Green.2 When this was not forthcoming, Kentucky simply opted to ignore Virginia’s interests and started distributing the lands west of the Tennessee.
3
Robertson, Lindsay G. "The Opinion." In Conquest by Law, 95–116. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195314892.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract John Marshall’s goal in drafting Johnson was to deny the Illinois and Wabash claims and lay the groundwork for the successful resolution of the claims of the Virginia militia grantees and their transferees. His judgment on the Proclamation of 1763 challenge would take care of the former but do nothing to help resolve the latter. Protecting the Virginia militia grantees required establishing that by its grants Virginia had actually conveyed a property right that would oblige Kentucky to recognize the grantees’ claims to land. This required first establishing that Virginia itself possessed a right that it could convey. It may be recalled that the British Crown had claimed a “preemption” right to lands west of the Proclamation of 1763 line: an exclusive right to purchase those lands, whenever the Indians were willing to sell. Virginia’s right had to be something more. If Virginia had conveyed to the militia grantees an exclusive right to purchase lands and Kentucky had chosen to ignore the preemption right and dis tribute the lands itself, the militia grantees would have had no legal remedy against Kentucky. A state-granted preemption right was enforceable only against other claimants within the state. Marshall’s challenge was to establish that Virginia had actually owned the Chickasaw lands.
4
Neely, Mark E. "Missouri and Martial Law." In The Fate of Liberty, 32–50. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195064964.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Lincoln and his cabinet proved less vigorous in dealing with the West. The president suspended the writ of habeas corpus in places as remote from the Confederacy as Massachusetts six weeks before he made a similar move in the critical border state of Missouri. Yet Missouri surely merited closer attention. Unlike New England or any other state above Maryland, it was the scene of widespread popular revolt, guerrilla violence, and military campaigns from the beginning of the war to its end. But Lincoln, preoccupied with securing the nation’s capital in the spring and with battles in Virginia in the summer, at first paid too little attention to the West.
5
Schaupp, Ludwig Christian. "Developing a Blockchain Solution for West Virginia Medicinal Cannabis." In Research Anthology on Blockchain Technology in Business, Healthcare, Education, and Government, 236–45. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-5351-0.ch014.
Full textAbstract:
West Virginia became the 29th state in the country to legalize cannabis for medicinal purposes in 2017. Two years later, the state's medicinal marijuana program is scheduled to start enrolling patients; however, state legislators acknowledge that the program is still years behind actual implementation due to obstacles that have become seemingly insurmountable via existing channels. This paper undertakes a holistic evaluation of the value of blockchain to the nascent medicinal marijuana industry in West Virginia. Three use cases are presented to address the difficulties the state has experienced during the program's first two years of rollout efforts. Specifically, a blockchain use case is developed to address the issue of traceability to prove provenance, managing the vertically integrated supply chain and because of federal tax law the particularly cumbersome issue of collecting and storing payments.
6
Nelson, William E. "Ready Acceptance of the Common Law: Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and the South." In E Pluribus Unum, 90–105. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880804.003.0007.
Full textAbstract:
William Penn and the Quakers who had earlier settled West Jersey appear to have understood, as had Lord Baltimore a half century earlier in Maryland, that the common law provided the best possible protection of property rights and that protecting the property of Quaker settlers was the best means of protecting their religious freedom. Accordingly, both Pennsylvania and West Jersey adopted the common law at their first settlement. East Jersey Puritans interposed some resistance to the common law, but the colony gradually adopted it as it gained traction in neighboring New York. All colonies south of Virginia received the common law at their founding.
7
Priest, Claire. "Parliamentary Authority over Creditors’ Claims." In Credit Nation, 74–90. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691158761.003.0005.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter describes the history and impact of Parliament's Debt Recovery Act of 1732, which created a legal regime strengthening creditors' remedies against land and slaves throughout the British colonies in America and the West Indies. Parliament enacted the Debt Recovery Act in response to concerns among English creditors that the colonists were defeating their efforts to collect on debts by invoking traditional English legal protections to land. The merchants were interested in the laws of Virginia and Jamaica, where planters relied on credit to purchase an increasing supply of slave labor. With some exceptions, colonies relying heavily on slave labor to produce staple crops were more likely than other colonies to uphold the English protections to land and inheritance from unsecured creditors. A second concern driving Parliament's enactment of the Debt Recovery Act was that colonial legislatures might at any time enact laws characterizing slaves as “land” and thereby make the slaves legally immune from seizure by creditors under English law.
8
Nelson, William E. "The Chesapeake." In E Pluribus Unum, 9–23. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880804.003.0002.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter examines the early years of Virginia and Maryland. At its outset, Virginia was constituted as a trading company governed by military law. But when the trading company went bankrupt, Virginians needed English investment. Virginia then adopted the common law to assure Englishmen that their investments would be safe and thereby to encourage them to invest. By the 1630s, the common law had been received in Virginia. Maryland, in contrast, adopted the common law in the earliest years of its settlement. Lord Baltimore, who founded Maryland as a haven for Roman Catholics, appears to have understood that the common law provided the best possible protection of property rights and that protecting the property rights of Catholic settlers would ensure their ability over time to practice their faith.
9
Dixon, Bradley. "“Darling Indians” and “Natural Lords”." In Justice in a New World, 183–212. NYU Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479850129.003.0006.
Full textAbstract:
Dixon contends that between the 1640s and Bacon’s Rebellion (1676), Virginia went far in following the Spanish policy of incorporating Natives into the polity. Reminiscent of the Spanish empire’s “republic of Indians,” the tributary Natives lived in semiautonomous communities. Virginia law granted tributary kings and queens a privileged standing to enhance their rule over potentially dangerous Indians. The colony (in theory) viewed Indians, particularly poorer ones, as having a special claim upon English justice. Indeed, comparing Virginia’s to Spanish America’s (more elaborate and theoretically developed) notions of corporate Indian rights suggests a model for grouping together early Virginia initiatives whose collective significance might otherwise be overlooked. The Spanish experience also highlights how Virginia’s tributary system, like the “republic of Indians,” claimed to uphold a particular vision of justice—one that purported to safeguard Natives against the worst abuses of colonists in return for loyalty to the king.
10
Neo, Jaclyn L. "Freedom of Religion." In Global Canons in an Age of Contestation, 317–37. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/9780191956942.003.0017.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract As one of the early antecedents of modern human rights, the right to religious freedom is today among the most commonly found guarantees in modern constitutional documents, as well as in international and regional human rights documents. Its ubiquity belies a persistent contestation as to its scope, nature, and limits, which, to some extent, have become proxies for ideological struggles concerning the normativity of constitutionalism, between liberal and non-liberal constitutionalism, between secular constitutionalism and religious (even theocratic) constitutionalism, and between separationist secularism and non-separationist secularism, set within a range of different state–religion constitutional arrangements. This chapter embarks on the exercise of identifying canons in the field of religious freedom within constitutional law and human rights law with a critical lens. It examines evidence of the canonical (and anti-canonical) status of four cases, their legacy, and criticism, applying the criteria of ‘paradigmatic shifts’, i.e. of cases that have served as turning points within the field. The first two cases are both from the Global North; West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette and Kokkinakis v. Greece are landmark cases affirming that religious freedom protects religious minorities and therefore serves to promote social/religious plurality and secularism. The next two cases are from the Global South: Commissioner, Hindu Religious Endowments, Madras v. Sri Lakshmindra Thirtha Swamiar of Sri Shirur Mutt and Lina Joy v. Majlis Agama Islam Wilayah both challenge a separationist perspective of religious freedom, reflecting a judicial approach that is far more interventionist in state–religion relations.
Conference papers on the topic "Law, west virginia"
1
Cozzolini, A., M. C. Besch, D. Littera, H. Kappanna, P. Bonsack, M. Gautam, S. Cordiner, and V. Mulone. "Waste Heat Recovery in Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines: A Thermodynamic Analysis of Waste Heat Availability for Implementation of Energy Recovery Systems Based Upon the Organic Rankine Cycle." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81112.
Full textAbstract:
In the past decade automotive industries have focused on the development of new technologies to improve the overall engine efficiency and lower emissions in order to satisfy the always more stringent emission standards introduced all around the world. Technical progress has primarily focused on two aspects; the optimization of the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber as well as the combustion process itself, leading to simultaneous improvements in both, efficiency (lowering fuel consumption for same power output) and emissions levels which ultimately result from the optimized combustion process. Although engine technology has made significant progress, even modern Diesel combustion engines do not exceed a maximum efficiency of approximately 40%. Hence, around 60% of the available energy carried by the fuel and entering the combustion chamber is dissipated as heat to the environment. The next steps in engine optimization will see the integration of waste heat recovery systems (WHRS) to increase the overall energy efficiency of the propulsion system by means of recovering parts of the waste heat generated during normal engine operation. The presented was aimed at analyzing the availability as well as the quality of heat to be used in WHRS for the case of heavy-duty Diesel (HDD) engines employed in Class-8 tractors, which are suitable candidates for optimization via WHRS implementation as their engines spend most of their time operating at quasi steady state conditions, such as highway cruise. Three different primary energy sources have been considered: exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) cooling system, engine cooling system and exhaust gas stream. Experimental data has been gathered at West Virginia University’s Engine and Emissions Research Laboratory (EERL) facility in order to quantify individual heat flows in a model year (MY) 2004 Mack® MP7-355E HDD engine operated over the 13 modes of the European Stationary Cycle (ESC). Analysis based on second law efficiency underlined that not the whole amount of waste heat can be successfully used for recovery purposes and that heat sources which offer a large amount of waste energy reveal to be inappropriate for recovery purposes in case of low operating temperature. Time integral analysis revealed that engine modes which appear to offer high recovery potential in terms of waste power may not be suitable engine operating conditions when the analysis is performed in terms of waste energy, depending on the particular engine cycle. Finally a simple thermodynamic model of a micro power unit running on an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) has been used to assess the theoretical improvement in engine efficiency during steady state operations based on a second law efficiency analysis approach.
2
Wayne, W. Scott, Ryan A. Barnett, Jeffrey M. Cutright, and Ted E. Stewart. "On-Site Emissions and Fuel Consumption Measurement to Compare Locomotive Fuel Injector Performance." In ASME 2006 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2006-1522.
Full textAbstract:
As part of the Norfolk-Southern Railroad’s on-going investigation into fuel consumption reductions for their fleet of 3000 locomotives, the Center for Alternative Fuels, Engines and Emissions at West Virginia University conducted on-site locomotive engine performance and emissions measurements to characterize the performance, fuel consumption and emissions associated with fuel injectors from two injector suppliers. Emissions and fuel consumption were measured using the West Virginia University Transportable Locomotive Emissions Testing Laboratory, which was set up at the Norfolk-Southern Heavy Repair Facility in Roanoke, Virginia. The tests were conducted to evaluate potential emissions and fuel consumption differences between two fuel injector suppliers using an EMD GP38-2 locomotive equipped with a 2100 hp (1566 kW), 16-cylinder, EMD 16-645E engine. The test locomotive engine was freshly overhauled and certified to the EPA locomotive Tier 0 emissions standards. Emissions and fuel consumption measurements were conducted according to the Federal Test Procedures defined in the Code of Federal Regulations 40CFR Part 92 Subpart B [1]. The engine was first tested in the “as overhauled” configuration with the OEM fuel injectors to establish the baseline emissions and fuel consumption. The baseline FTP results confirmed that this locomotive was in compliance with the Federal Tier 0 emissions standards. The OEM specification fuel injectors were replaced with “Fuel Saver” injectors designed and manufactured by an aftermarket injector supplier referred to in this paper as Supplier B. The Supplier B injectors reduced fuel consumption on the average of 2–4% for each notch, except for Notch 4 and Low Idle. However, the Supplier B injectors increased the NOx levels by 20–30% for almost every notch, which is an expected result due to the improved combustion efficiency.
3
Garland, R. V., P. W. Pillsbury, and T. E. Dowdy. "Design and Test of a Candidate Topping Combustor for Second Generation PFB Applications." In ASME 1991 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/91-gt-113.
Full textAbstract:
Second Generation Pressurized Fluidized Bed Combustion Combined Cycles utilize topping combustion to raise the combustion turbine inlet temperature to the state of the art. Principally for this reason, cycle efficiency is improved over first generation PFB systems. Topping combustor design requirements differ from conventional gas turbine combustors since hot, vitiated air from the PFB is used for both cooling and combustion. In addition, the topping combustor fuel, a hot, low-heating value gas produced from coal pyrolysis, contains ammonia. This NOx-forming constituent adds to the combustor’s unique design challenges. The candidate combustor is the multi-annular swirl burner (MASB) based on the design described by J.M. Beér. This concept embodies rich-burn, quick quench, and lean-burn zones formed aerodynamically. The initial test sponsored by the Department of Energy, Morgantown, West Virginia, has been completed and the results of that test are presented.
4
Cayan, Fatma N., Suryanarayana R. Pakalapati, Francisco Elizalde-Blancas, and Ismail Celik. "On Modeling Multi-Component Diffusion Inside the Porous Anode of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Using Fick’s Model." In ASME 2008 6th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2008-65236.
Full textAbstract:
Stefan-Maxwell Model (SMM) and simple Fick’s Model (FM) type of relations both including Knudsen diffusion for the calculation of species mole fraction distribution inside the porous anode of a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) were compared and it was found that at low current densities the models agree well but as current increases the differences also increase. Based on the findings an empirical correction is proposed for the effective diffusivity used in Fick’s Model. The corrected diffusivity coefficient gave better agreement with the Stefan-Maxwell model and even at higher current densities the error is less than 5%. This correction was implemented via a three-dimensional, in-house SOFC simulation code (DREAM-SOFC) which uses Fick’s Model type relations for diffusion flux calculations. The code also takes into account methane steam reforming (MSR) and water gas shift (WGS) reactions and the electrochemical oxidation of both H2 and CO. As an application, a SOFC button cell which is being tested at West Virginia University was simulated. The results with and without the proposed correction for effective diffusivity are compared.
5
Weakley, Christopher K., Steven J. Greenberg, Robert M. Kendall, Neil K. McDougald, and Leonel O. Arellano. "Development of Surface-Stabilized Fuel Injectors With Sub-Three PPM NOx Emissions." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26088.
Full textAbstract:
ALZETA Corporation has developed surface-stabilized fuel injectors for use with lean premixed combustors which provide extended turndown and ultra-low NOx emission performance. These injectors use a patented technique to form interacting radiant and blue-flame zones immediately above a selectively-perforated porous metal surface. This allows stable operation at low reaction temperatures. This technology is a successful extension of ALZETA’s line of proven Pyromat™ SB metal fiber burners. A proof-of-concept injector in a full-pressure test rig at NETL in Morgantown, West Virginia achieved sub-3 ppm NOx emissions with concurrent single-digit CO emissions, both corrected to 15% O2. Operating conditions ranged between inlet pressures of 182.4 kPa (1.8 atm) and 1236.2 kPa (12.2 atm), inlet temperatures between 86° C (186° F) and 455° C (850° F) and calculated adiabatic flame temperatures between 1466° C (2670° F) and 1593° C (2900° F). Testing with prototype fuel injectors in test rigs at Solar Turbines last year yielded similar results. In May of 2001, a Solar Saturn 1 MW gas-turbine engine was operated to 95% load with a surface-stabilized injector. Programs are moving forward to adapt these injectors to the Solar Turbines Taurus 60 and Titan 130 engines. Engine tests are scheduled to begin in 2003.
6
Repko, Timothy W., Andrew C. Nix, and James D. Heidmann. "A Parametric Numerical Study of the Effects of Freestream Turbulence Intensity and Length Scale on Anti-Vortex Film Cooling Design at High Blowing Ratio." In ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2013-17255.
Full textAbstract:
An advanced, high-effectiveness film-cooling design, the anti-vortex hole (AVH) has been investigated by several research groups and shown to mitigate or counter the vorticity generated by conventional holes and increase film effectiveness at high blowing ratios and low freestream turbulence levels. [1, 2] The effects of increased turbulence on the AVH geometry were previously investigated and presented by researchers at West Virginia University (WVU), in collaboration with NASA, in a preliminary CFD study [3] on the film effectiveness and net heat flux reduction (NHFR) at high blowing ratio and elevated freestream turbulence levels for the adjacent AVH. The current paper presents the results of an extended numerical parametric study, which attempts to separate the effects of turbulence intensity and length-scale on film cooling effectiveness of the AVH. In the extended study, higher freestream turbulence intensity and larger scale cases were investigated with turbulence intensities of 5, 10 and 20% and length scales based on cooling hole diameter of Λx/dm = 1, 3 and 6. Increasing turbulence intensity was shown to increase the centerline, span-averaged and area-averaged adiabatic film cooling effectiveness. Larger turbulent length scales were shown to have little to no effect on the centerline, span-averaged and area-averaged adiabatic film-cooling effectiveness at lower turbulence levels, but slightly increased effect at the highest turbulence levels investigated.
7
Dalton, J., J. Winegarden, T. Thomas, D. Townsend, and C. Enos. "Success Using Low Emissions API Class L Cement in Cementing Marcellus Production Strings." In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215928-ms.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The manufacture of Portland cement accounts for approximately 8% of the world’s total carbon dioxide emissions. Cement manufacturers and their end users are under immense pressure to find ways to reduce the amount of Portland cement in their processes. While the well-construction industry accounts for a very small portion of the cement produced worldwide, it is still our responsibility to be good stewards of the environment and do what is in our power to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This paper describes the use of a novel API Class L cement with significantly reduced clinker content as a replacement for Class A in cementing Marcellus production casing strings in Monongalia County, West Virginia. The testing team compared the cementing processes from two pads. The team cemented first pad using a single slurry consisting of 50:50 Poz:Class A cement, and they cemented the second pad using a new slurry consisting of 50:50 Poz:Class L cement. The study presents cement slurry lab results for comparison, as well as results of all jobs using a radial cement bond logging tool. The lab results show that Class L is an adequate replacement for Class A cement, exhibiting similar properties in standard oilwell cement testing. Slurry stability, thickening time, rheology, fluid loss and compressive strength can be tuned to similar ranges by making simple adjustments with commonly used cement additives. The radial cement bond log results show that the zonal isolation provided by the Class L cement is equivalent to that provided by Class A cement.
8
Webb, Vernon, Michael Hickner, Donald Baird, Scott Case, and John Lesko. "Durability and Performance of Press Molded Polymer Composite Monopolar Plates." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2504.
Full textAbstract:
The electrical and mechanical properties of new lightweight graphite polymeric separator plates aged in a PEM fuel cell were investigated to assess their resistance to short-term durability. While the changes in electrical properties of great interest to the operation of the fuel cell, mechanical and dimensional stability over the life of the cell are critical. Thus, new polymeric based separator plates developed at Virginia Tech were aged under standard operating conditions in a PEM fuel cell over 300 hours at low pressure and 85°C. A comparison of conductivity, stiffness and strength of aged plates was made to as manufactured and unaged plates. Over the aging period, electrical conductivity did not decline even as the fuel cell performance showed some changes as evidenced by polarization curves. However, the mechanical strength of the monopolar plates was observed to declined less than 10% after 300 hours of fuel cell operation, due to the lack of stability of the polyester resin used to facilitate the rapid manufacturing of these new plates. These property changes were found to be independent of aging on the reduction and oxidation sides. Further work continues on plates formed through both fiber wet lay technology and those produced by compression molding of unique graphite filled epoxy systems, and to improve the electrochemical performance of cells fabricated using the resulting plates to levels comparable to those observed when using existing plate materials.
9
McKenzie, E. A., J. R. Etherton, J. R. Harris, D. M. Cantis, and T. J. Lutz. "NIOSH AutoROPS 3rd Generation Static Testing and Human Interaction Element." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41330.
Full textAbstract:
To address the need for rollover protective structures (ROPS) on farm tractors that are easily adapted to low overhead clearance situations, the Division of Safety Research (DSR), National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), developed an automatically deploying, telescoping ROPS (AutoROPS). The NIOSH AutoROPS at the present is in the third generation design and static testing phase, and the first phase of human subject (human operator) testing and manufacturing. The static testing is based on the SAE J2194 standard for testing ROPS for agricultural tractor use. The nature of the NIOSH AutoROPS is to be in a retracted position until an overturn is determined to be imminent. It is during the deployment time period that potential safety hazards exist that are not present in a traditional fixed ROPS and not addressed in the standards. Human interaction is a key ingredient in refining the design to be both functional and desirable while considering possible hazards. Feedback from farmers who have operated a tractor with the NIOSH AutoROPS installed and in the ready state will enhance the design and acceptability. NIOSH’s goal is to reduce the number of fatal agricultural overturns by increasing the percentage of tractors with ROPS and seatbelts which operate in low clearance environments. This design has met laboratory static testing criteria of the SAE J2194 standard for ROPS on agricultural tractors. Field evaluation of the AutoROPS use by poultry farmers (N=32) in eastern West Virginia showed favorable results and a preference for wanting to purchase and use the NIOSH AutoROPS compared with a currently available manually foldable ROPS. This paper discusses the overall performance of the NIOSH AutoROPS as subjected to the SAE J2194 standard and human interaction/feedback of operating an agricultural tractor with this added safety device.
10
Radmehr, Ahmad, Yu Pan, Ali Tajaddini, Edwin Vollebregt, and Mehdi Ahmadian. "Wheel-Rail Contact Force and Traction Analysis Under Wet and Oil-Contaminated Conditions." In 2022 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2022-78233.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The changes in wheel-rail traction coefficients under wet and oil-contaminated rail surfaces are evaluated using the state-of-the-art Virginia Tech-Federal Railroad Administration (VT-FRA) roller rig. This one-fourth scaled test rig provides a controlled environment to measure real-time contact forces under pre-defined conditions. In addition, the rig is equipped with a high-precision fluid dispenser to apply the exact amount of fluids onto the rolling surfaces. Two series of experiments are conducted with water and oil applied individually at the wheel-rail contact with 0.02cc, 0.10cc, and 0.50cc, using a precise dispensing system at a low flow rate of 0.3cc/min, a medium flow rate of 1.5cc/min, and a high flow rate of 7.5cc/min, respectively. The tests include three or fewer cycles of water or oil applications for 4.1s under stable traction conditions. All other test conditions, including creepage, duration, and wheel load, are maintained unchanged throughout the tests, to focus on the effect of water on traction values. The results indicate a high correlation between the amount of water or oil applied to the surface and reduction in traction, in some cases for a short duration and in some over a long period of time. For low and medium flow rates of water, traction reduces immediately upon the application of water but recovers quickly after a short duration to nearly the same level as the dry condition. The duration of reduced traction is directly proportional to the volume of water. A distinctly different result is observed for oil. Even a small amount of oil (0.3cc/min) causes a significant reduction in traction that prolongs over an extended period of time. For the medium application of oil (1.5cc/min), traction remains low for a long period of time and only recovers to approximately 1/2 of the dry condition. For high oil application (7.5cc/min), traction remains extremely low (approximately 1/5 of dry condition) for the duration of the test and does not show any indication of recovery. Oil residue can be felt at the running surface when rubbing a finger over the roller surface. The results indicate that both water and oil cause a significant reduction in traction, with traction recovering to its dry level shortly after the source of water (i.e., rain) stops. When oil is applied to the rail, even a small amount can significantly diminish traction for a prolonged period of time. This is attributed to the possible seasoning of the rail due to oil.
Reports on the topic "Law, west virginia"
1
Klesta, Matthew. Inflation remains a burden and consumer debt is on the rise. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-cd-20230523.
Full textAbstract:
The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland's Community Issues Survey (CIS) collects information semiannually from direct service providers to monitor economic conditions and identify issues impacting low- and moderate-income (LMI) households in the Fourth District—a region that includes Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle of West Virginia. In March 2023, we surveyed more than 600 service providers who directly serve LMI individuals and communities across our District and received 95 responses (15 percent response rate). The results of this survey, summarized here, provide insights into how organizations and the households they serve are faring as they continue to navigate the impacts of inflation.
2
Klesta, Matthew. Community Issues and Insights 2024: A Record-High Share of Respondents Observed a Decline in Affordable Housing. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, May 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-cd-20240510.
Full textAbstract:
The Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland's Community Issues Survey (CIS) collects information semiannually from direct service providers to monitor economic conditions and identify issues impacting low- and moderate-income (LMI) households in the Fourth District, a region that includes Ohio, western Pennsylvania, eastern Kentucky, and the northern panhandle of West Virginia. In March 2024, we surveyed nearly 600 organizations that directly serve LMI individuals and communities across our District and received 100 responses (17 percent response rate). The results of this survey are summarized here and provide insights into how organizations and the households they serve are faring as they continue to navigate the impacts of inflation.
3
Struthers, Kim. Natural resource conditions at Fort Pulaski National Monument: Findings and management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300064.
Full textAbstract:
The National Park Service (NPS) Water Resources Division’s Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program initiated an NRCA project with Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU) in 2022. The purpose of an NRCA is to synthesize information related to the primary drivers and stressors affecting natural resource conditions at a park and to report conditions for natural resource topics selected by park managers. Resource conditions are evaluated as either a condition assessment or a gap analysis, depending on data availability. For FOPU’s NRCA, managers selected salt marsh, shorebirds, Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and butterflies as the focal resources. FOPU is comprised of two islands in coastal Georgia, McQueens and Cockspur, which are separated by the Savannah River near its confluence with the Atlantic Ocean. Cockspur Island contains the 19th century masonry fort, Fort Pulaski, and the monument’s visitor services and facilities and is primarily constructed with dredge material from the Savannah River. McQueens Island is almost entirely salt marsh habitat and most of its area is eligible federal wilderness, containing one of Georgia’s oyster recreational harvest areas (RHAs), Oyster Creek RHA. Both McQueens and Cockspur islands are designated as a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Protected Area (MPA), underscoring FOPU’s natural resource significance. Riverine, freshwater, and estuarine wetlands cover 83.81% of FOPU, with the latter accounting for almost 99% of all monument wetlands. Persistently emergent vegetation of smooth cordgrasses (Spartina spp.) and unconsolidated shore represent the dominant wetland types. McQueens Island estuarine wetlands were evaluated for 11 functions and were rated primarily as high functioning, except for the wetland north of Highway 80, where the causeway has altered its ability to function properly. The wetland west of the Highway 80 bend is composed of unconsolidated material so was rated as moderately functioning in carbon sequestration, retention of sediments, and shore stabilization. In contrast, the unconsolidated shore wetland in the Oyster Creek RHA, where the highest concentration of FOPU’s oysters occurs, were rated high for all expected wetland functions. In 2013, over 75% of the total oyster area from within four of Georgia’s RHAs was in the Oyster Creek RHA. A spectral analysis of oyster density in Oyster Creek RHA, comparing 2013 and 2018 images, reported an increase in the high-density class, a decrease in the moderate-low class, and an increase in the no oyster class, with the latter likely a function of how oyster areas were drawn between the images. A successful 2013 enhanced reef project in Oyster Creek RHA reported a pre-enhancement oyster area of 2.68 m2 (28.8 ft2) that increased to 894.2 m2 (0.22 ac) of oysters by 2018. FOPU’s extensive salt marsh habitat and beaches provide critical food sources and habitat for shorebirds in the Atlantic Flyway, especially during the pre-breeding season. The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliates), Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), and the federally threatened rufa subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) are identified as high priority species in the flyway and have been observed on Cockspur Island during the Manomet International Shorebird Surveys (2019–2022) at FOPU. The USFWS (2023) is seeking additional critical habitat designation, which will include Cockspur Island, for the rufa subspecies of Red Knot, whose estimated population abundance trend is declining throughout its entire range. FOPU’s non-wetland, upland habitat is primarily located on Cockspur Island and supports vegetation that can serve as host, roost and/or nectar plants for pollinators, especially butterflies. Cedar–Live Oak–Cabbage Palmetto (Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola–Q. virginiana–Sabal palmetto) Marsh Hammock and Cabbage Palmetto Woodland contain the most diversity of beneficial butterfly plants. While a comprehensive butterfly inventory is needed, fall migration surveys have recorded three target species of the Butterflies of the Atlantic Flyway (BAFA): monarch (Danaus plexippus), gulf fritillary (Agraulis vanillae), and cloudless sulphur (Phoebis sennae). Collectively, FOPU’s natural resources are affected by the sea level, which has risen by 0.35 m (1.15 ft) from 1935 to 2022. Hardened shorelines, such as causeways or armored structures, are identified as the greatest threat to the salt marsh habitat’s ability to migrate upland with continued sea level rise. Erosion along Cockspur Island’s north shore is an ongoing issue and FOPU managers have been working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop solutions to address the erosion, while also creating habitat for shorebirds. Several agencies routinely monitor for water and sediment pollution in and around FOPU, which, if managed collectively, can inform landscape-level management actions to address drivers that are influencing resource conditions at the ecosystem level.
4
Michaels, Trevor. Red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor) surveys at Salt River Bay National Park, St. Croix U.S. Virgin Islands: 2023 report of activities. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2303799.
Full textAbstract:
St. Croix is home to a variety of threatened and endangered (T&E) species that are at risk for predation by the invasive red-tailed boa (Boa constrictor), such as the St. Croix ground lizard (Amevia polyps), the ground-nesting least tern (Sterna antillarum), and the hawksbill sea turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata). Genetic analysis determined the original red-tailed boa population on St. Croix sourced from a single female released by a pet owner and its range expands every year. Presently, the main population of red-tailed boa is established on the west end of St. Croix and extends as far east as Salt River. One individual was found in Salt River Marina and additional sightings have occurred in Salt River Bay National Historical Park and Ecological Preserve (SARI) more recently. This inventory aims to search for red-tailed boas in two focal areas that park staff are actively restoring. The park will use information from this inventory to develop a boa removal program and protect sensitive native species like the ground-nesting least tern, the St. Croix ground lizard and the hawksbill sea turtle nests and increase the success of restoration. Snakes are cryptic species, often occurring in low density, and utilize complex habitat patterns. To increase the likelihood of detecting red-tailed boa, the Maryland/Delaware/D.C. Wildlife Services detector dog handling team partnered with the USDA-APHIS National Detector Dog Training Center to train and develop detector dogs to assist in determining the presence/absence of red-tailed boa for this project. Canines were trained to locate red-tailed boa and indicate its presence to the handler via barking three times near the identified target. Two dog detector teams traveled to Salt River Bay National Park (SARI) in St. Croix to conduct surveys for red-tailed boa in habitats likely to contain red-tailed boa in June 2023. Habitat varied throughout the surveys. Close to the bay, mangrove forests dominated and, as elevation increased, transects took place in almost exclusively dry tropical shrub forest. Each transect was surveyed by one dog team. The canine teams had no red-tailed boa detections within SARI. Canines showed proficiency at surveying for red-tailed boa populations in SARI. Given the proximity of confirmed detections to SARI, it is likely red-tailed boa will be in the park in the future, if they are not already. Additional surveys, whether by humans, canines, or both, are recommended in areas of the park that have not been previously surveyed.
5
Low-flow characteristics of streams West Virginia. US Geological Survey, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri884072.
Full text
6
Reconnaissance of Stream Geomorphology, Low Streamflow, and Stream Temperature in the Mountaintop Coal-Mining Region, Southern West Virginia, 1999-2000. US Geological Survey, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri20014092.
Full text
7
Stream water quality in coal mined areas of the lower Cheat River Basin, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, during low-flow conditions, July 1997. US Geological Survey, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/wri984258.
Full text