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Journal articles on the topic 'Law of March 13 2000'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 November 2023

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1

Keith Hall, Christopher. "The First Five Sessions of the UN Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court." American Journal of International Law 94, no. 4 (October 2000): 773–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2589805.

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On June 30, 2000, at the conclusion of its fifth session, the Preparatory Commission for the International Criminal Court (Preparatory Commission or commission) completed the first phase of its work with the adoption of draft Elements of Crimes and Rules of Procedure and Evidence (Rules). The first five sessions took place from February 16 to 26, July 26 to August 13, and November 29 to December 17,1999, and from March 13 to 31, and J u n e 12 to 30, 2000.On July 17, 1998, the United Nations Conference of Plenipotentiaries on the Establishment of the International Criminal Court (Diplomatic Conference) had adopted the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (Statute). At the same time, it decided “to take all possible measures to ensure the coming into operation of the International Criminal Court without undue delay and to make the necessary arrangements for the commencement of its functions,” purposes for which it established the Preparatory Commission.

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2

Armenteros, Mercedes Fernández, and Jürgen Lefevere. "European Court of Justice, 13 March 2001,Case C‐379/98, PreussenElektra Aktiengesellschaft v. Schleswag Aktiengesellschaft." Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 10, no. 3 (November 2001): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9388.00294.

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3

Márquez Lasso, Daniel E. "The concept of abuse in tax matters within European Union law." CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL 13, no. 2 (September 10, 2021): 362–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2021.6263.

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The principle of prohibition of abuse of rights is applicable in fields as varied as the free movement of goods (judgment of 10 of January 1985, Association des Centres distributeurs Leclerc and Thouars Distribution, Case 229/83), freedom to provide services (judgment of 3 of February 1993, Veronica Omroep Organisatie, Case C‑148/91), public service contracts (judgment of 11 of December 2014, Azienda sanitaria locale n. 5 Spezzino and Others, Case C‑113/13), freedom of establishment (judgment of 9 of March 1999, Centros, Case C‑212/97), company law (judgment of 23 of March 2000, Diamantis, Case C‑373/97), social security (judgments of 2 of May 1996, Paletta, Case C‑206/94; of 6 of February 2018, Altun and Others, Case C‑359/16; and of 11 of July 2018, Commission v Belgium, Case C‑356/15), transport (judgment of 6 of April 2006, Agip Petroli, Case C‑456/04), social policy (judgment of 28 of July 2016, Kratzer, Case C‑423/15), restrictive measures (judgment of 21 of December 2011, Afrasiabi and Others, Case C‑72/11) and value added tax (judgment of 21 of February 2006, Halifax and Others, Case C‑255/02) and, in that sense, the EU principle of prohibition of abuse of law has been developing within the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union since the mid-1970s, addressing it in multiple ways, not only in the face of different factual assumptions, which would be understandable and even necessary but, in its evolution, treating asymmetrically the handling of the requirements that must be met to reach the conclusion of the existence of practices abusive.

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4

Emmerechts, Sam, and Ann Goossens. "Case C-379/98, PreussenElektra AG v. Schleswag AG, Judgment of the Full Court of 13 March 2001." Common Market Law Review 38, Issue 4 (August 1, 2001): 991–1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/357068.

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5

Kvasha, Oksana, and Vadim Levchuk. "CREATION OF NON-STATUTORY PARAMILITARY OR ARMED GROUPS (ARTICLE 260 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF UKRAINE): BASIC LEGAL POSITIONS OF THE SUPREME COURT." Slovo of the National School of Judges of Ukraine, no. 4(37) (July 7, 2022): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.37566/2707-6849-2021-4(37)-13.

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This article focuses on problem related to the legal positions of the Supreme Court regarding an element of a crime provided for by Art. 260 “Creation of Militarized or Armed Formations Not Provided for by Law” of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. There were analyzed the dynamics of registered crimes provided for by Art. 260 of the present Code, the number of persons to whom were given notices of suspicion or they were convicted or acquitted, and the proceedings on which were closed during 2000-2005. The influence of dynamics on judicial practice is determined. The article determines decisions of the Supreme Court that contain legal positions on the application of Art. 260 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. The rulings of the Supreme Court of March 26, 2018 in the proceeding № 423/519/15-k of October 17, 2018 in the proceeding № 428/6916/14-k concern when a person becomes a member of a militarized or armed formation not provided for by law and, respectively, when he or she can be prosecuted to criminal responsibility under Art. 260 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. These decisions state that the courts shall establish whether such a person has consented to participate in the activities of such a formation and whether he or she has taken an active part in its activities. In case specified circumstances are not established, criminal responsibility according to Art. 260 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine is excluded. The rulings of the Supreme Court of 27 May 2020 in the proceeding № 296/2803/16-k and of 3 December 2020 in the proceeding № 310/686/17 contain a legal position regarding the qualification of the actions of a member of such a formation, which is a structural part of a terrorist organization “DNR” or “LNR”. The first decision states that the actions of a person shall be qualified in conjunction with Articles 260 and 258-3 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, and in the other one - under Art. 258-3 of this Code only. Based on the analysis of the legislation of Ukraine and scientific literature, it is proposed to qualify the actions of participants of militarized or armed formations not provided for by law, which are structural parts of the terrorist organizations “DNR” and “LNR”, under Art. 260 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine.

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6

TEREKHOV, Alexey, Nurlan ABAYEV, and Evgeny LAGUTIN. "PATTERNS OF THE CENTRAL ASIA SNOW COVER DURING 2001-2021." Sustainable Development of Mountain Territories 13, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 497–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.21177/1998-4502-2021-13-4-497-504.

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The aim of the work is to study the patterns in long-term snow regime of highland pastures of the Inner Tien Shan. Methods: The daily Snow Depth FEWS NET scenes for Central Asia were used for monitoring of snow cover of four test sites. Three test sites were located on the plains of South Kazakhstan near Tien Shan mountains. The primary test site was a highland pasture in Inner Tian Shan mountains. This is the Aksai-Chatyrkul basin, with an area of about 2800 km2, located in the altitude range of 3200-3500 m above sea level, in Kyrgyzstan on the border with China.Time series of the average seasonal snow depth for each test site were formed, which meant the average snow depth from January 1 to March 31. Monitoring for 2001-2021 years was carried out. A first-order autocorrelation was calculated for each time series. Results: The analysis indicated that the snow cover depth of neighboring years are rather poorly related to each other for three test sites located on the plains of Southern Kazakhstan. In contrast to the S outh Kazakhstan plains, the highland Inner Tien Shan pasture was characterized by pronounced persistence ("long memory effect"). Conclusion: The highland Inner Tien Shan pasture are characterized by the presence of pronounced persistence in the long-term dynamics of the average snow depth in January-March. That is, it is more likely that after a many-snow year there will be a many-snow one, and after a low-snow year, respectively, a low-snow one. The probable cause of this phenomenon is the persistence in the long-term dynamics of the seasonal characteristics of the Siberian anticyclone, which affects the ability in the cold period to atmospheric transport of water vapors through the mountain ranges of the Northern and Western Tien Shan to the Inner Tien Shan. This pattern in the long-term dynamics of highland pasture snow depth in Inner Tien Shan can be useful for long-term planning of calendar dates of spring migration of livestock from winter plain pastures to highland summer pastures.

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7

Kuhn, Tilman. "Implications of the 'Preussen Elektra'-judgement of the European Court of Justice on the Community rules on State aid and the free movement of goods Preliminary Ruling of 13 March 2001, Case C-379/98, Preussen Elektra v. Schleswag." Legal Issues of Economic Integration 28, Issue 3 (December 1, 2001): 361–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/382544.

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8

Alsahafi, Raniah, Ahmed Alzahrani, and Rashid Mehmood. "Smarter Sustainable Tourism: Data-Driven Multi-Perspective Parameter Discovery for Autonomous Design and Operations." Sustainability 15, no. 5 (February 25, 2023): 4166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15054166.

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Global natural and manmade events are exposing the fragility of the tourism industry and its impact on the global economy. Prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, tourism contributed 10.3% to the global GDP and employed 333 million people but saw a significant decline due to the pandemic. Sustainable and smart tourism requires collaboration from all stakeholders and a comprehensive understanding of global and local issues to drive responsible and innovative growth in the sector. This paper presents an approach for leveraging big data and deep learning to discover holistic, multi-perspective (e.g., local, cultural, national, and international), and objective information on a subject. Specifically, we develop a machine learning pipeline to extract parameters from the academic literature and public opinions on Twitter, providing a unique and comprehensive view of the industry from both academic and public perspectives. The academic-view dataset was created from the Scopus database and contains 156,759 research articles from 2000 to 2022, which were modelled to identify 33 distinct parameters in 4 categories: Tourism Types, Planning, Challenges, and Media and Technologies. A Twitter dataset of 485,813 tweets was collected over 18 months from March 2021 to August 2022 to showcase the public perception of tourism in Saudi Arabia, which was modelled to reveal 13 parameters categorized into two broader sets: Tourist Attractions and Tourism Services. The paper also presents a comprehensive knowledge structure and literature review of the tourism sector based on over 250 research articles. Discovering system parameters are required to embed autonomous capabilities in systems and for decision-making and problem-solving during system design and operations. The work presented in this paper has significant theoretical and practical implications in that it improves AI-based information discovery by extending the use of scientific literature, Twitter, and other sources for autonomous, holistic, dynamic optimizations of systems, promoting novel research in the tourism sector and contributing to the development of smart and sustainable societies.

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9

Daniels, Peter T. "Missionary Linguistics / Lingüística misionera: Selected Papers from the First International Conference on Missionary Linguistics, Oslo, 13-16 March 2003 (review)." Language 83, no. 1 (2007): 236. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.2007.0008.

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10

Van Calster, Greet, Collegium Falconis, and K. U. Leuven. "September 2000 – March 2001." Review of European Community & International Environmental Law 10, no. 2 (July 2001): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9388.00279.

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11

Harris,, Robert L. "John W. Blassingame: March 23, 1940-February 13, 2000." Journal of Negro History 86, no. 3 (July 2001): 422–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jnhv86n3p422.

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12

Abrahams, D. "Significant UK environmental cases March 1999 - April 2000." Journal of Environmental Law 12, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 231–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/12.2.231.

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13

Pigott, Sarah. "List of Current Proceedings: Update." Leiden Journal of International Law 13, no. 2 (June 2000): 353–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000261.

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Following the detention of Dragoljub Prcač by SFOR on 5 March 2000, the accused pleaded “not guilty” to all counts charged against him in the amended indictment, dated 8 March 2000, at his initial appearance hearing on 10 March 2000.

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14

Harris,, Robert L. "In Memoriam: John W. Blassingame (March 23, 1940-February 13, 2000)." Journal of African American History 87, no. 1 (January 2002): v—vi. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/jaahv87n1pv.

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15

Aquino, José Angel. "Cuota femenina, circunscripciones electorales y listas de candidaturas : las elecciones del 2002(2)." Ciencia y Sociedad 28, no. 1 (March 1, 2003): 90–127. http://dx.doi.org/10.22206/cys.2003.v28i1.pp90-127.

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A partir del año 2000 se modifica el régimen legal de la cuota femenina de candidaturas en República Dominicana, con la aprobación de las leyes 12-2000 y 13-2000. La aplicación de estas leyes en el proceso electoral del año 2002 se realiza en un nuevo marco electoral caracterizado por distritos electorales más pequeños más pequeños y la implementación de la lista desbloqueada para la elección de la Cámara de Diputados. Aunque una mayor oferta electoral femenina se traduce en la elección de una cantidad significativa de mujeres como regidoras, no sucede así en el caso de síndicas, diputadas y senadoras: a pesar de los esfuerzos del liderazgo político femenino, los resultados electorales están todavía lejanos del porcentaje de cuota de candidaturas.

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16

Berer, Marge. "Microbicides 2000: Report of an International conference, 13–16 March, Washington DC." Reproductive Health Matters 8, no. 15 (January 2000): 126–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0968-8080(00)90014-4.

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17

The Editors (MR). "Notes from the Editors, March 2000." Monthly Review 51, no. 10 (February 29, 2000): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-051-10-2000-03_0.

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18

Cho, S. E., J. H. Park, S. K. Lee, S. H. Lee, C. K. Lee, and H. D. Shin. "First Report of Powdery Mildew Caused by Phyllactinia actinidiae on Hardy Kiwi in Korea." Plant Disease 98, no. 10 (October 2014): 1436. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-04-14-0414-pdn.

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Actinidia arguta (Siebold & Zucc.) Planch. ex Miq., known as hardy kiwi, is a perennial vine native to Japan, Korea, northern China, and Russian Siberia. It produces a small fruit resembling the kiwifruit. The fruits, referred to as hardy kiwifruit, are edible and often sweeter than kiwifruit. Picking of wild hardy kiwifruits in autumn is a popular ecotourism activity in Korea. In 2000, a powdery mildew disease on the abaxial surface of hardy kiwi leaves was found in Korea. Additional findings of the powdery mildew between 2000 and 2013 showed that the disease of hardy kiwi commonly occurs in Korea. The infected leaves were frequently distorted when young, then becoming prematurely chlorotic and defoliated. Chasmothecia were abundantly formed by September. Voucher specimens (n = 21) were deposited in the Korea University Herbarium (KUS). Mycelia were hypophyllous, thinly effuse, initially forming patches, finally covering the whole abaxial leaf surface. Hyphal appressoria were hook-shaped or often branched, and single or opposite in pairs. Conidiophores were erect, cylindrical, 160 to 300 × 5 to 7.5 μm with straight foot-cells (65 to 115 μm long), basal septum elevated up to 15 μm, and produced conidia singly. Conidia were obpyriform to clavate, papillate at the apex, 55 to 75 × 20 to 32 μm, and devoid of fibrosin bodies. Germ tubes were produced at the terminal and lateral positions of conidia. Chasmothecia were blackish brown, depressed globose, and 190 to 250 μm in diameter. Appendages arising around the equatorial zone of chasmothecia were 9 to 15 in number, acicular with a bulbose base, 1 to 1.3 times as long as the chasmothecial diameter, hyaline throughout, and aseptate. Penicillate cells crowded on the upper part of the chasmothecia were ampulliform, numerous, 50 to 87.8 μm long, and 12.5 to 17.5 μm wide. Asci were 13 to 20 in a chasmothecium, olivaceous brown, 60 to 90 × 22.5 to 40 μm, and short stalked. Ascospores were 2 in an ascus, ellipsoid-ovoid, pale olivaceous, and 32.5 to 40 × 16.5 to 20 μm. On the basis of the morphological characteristics, this fungus was identified as Phyllactinia actinidiae (Jacz.) Bunkina (1). To confirm the identification, the complete internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of rDNA of three specimens (KUS-F23673, F26240, and F26308) were amplified using primers ITS5/P3 and sequenced (4). The resulting sequences were deposited in GenBank (Accession Nos. KJ703014, KJ703015, and KJ703016). GenBank BLAST search with the three isolates showed >99% similarity with the results for P. actinidiae on hardy kiwi from Japan (AB080489, AB080500, and AB080508). Actinidia-Phyllactinia associations were recorded in China, Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Russia, and Turkey (2,3). However, P. actinidiae on A. arguta was known only from Japan (3). To our knowledge, this is the first record of P. actinidiae on hardy kiwi in Korea. There has been no finding of powdery mildews on commercial varieties of golden kiwi (A. chinensis) and fuzzy kiwi (A. deliciosa) in Korea. Common occurrence of Phyllactinia powdery mildew on hardy kiwi in Korea can be a potential threat to the commercial kiwi industry. References: (1) U. Braun and R. T. A. Cook. Taxonomic Manual of the Erysiphales (Powdery Mildews), CBS Biodiversity Series No.11. CBS, Utrecht, 2012. (2) I. Erper et al. Scand. J. Forest Res. 27:432, 2012. (3) D. F. Farr and A. Y. Rossman. Fungal Databases. Syst. Mycol. Microbiol. Lab., Online publication. ARS, USDA, March 10, 2014. (4) S. Takamatsu et al. Mycol. Res. 113:117, 2009.

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19

Elizabeth Téllez-León, Isela, and Francisco Venegas-Martínez. "Modelado de las decisiones de política monetaria en un marco discreto: el caso de México, 2004-2012." Investigación Económica 72, no. 284 (April 2013): 23–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0185-1667(13)72591-8.

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20

Iontcheva, Jenia. "List of Current Proceedings: Update." Leiden Journal of International Law 13, no. 3 (September 2000): 603–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000388.

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Following the transfer of Dragan Nikolić to the ICTY on 22 April 2000, at his initial appearance, the accused pleaded “not guilty” to all charges raised against him in the amended indictment, dated 21 March 2000.

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21

Rongji, Zhu. "Answers to Questions from Chinese and Foreign Correspondents (March 15, 2000)." Chinese Law & Government 35, no. 5 (September 2002): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/clg0009-4609350539.

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22

par Bernardeau, Ludovic. "La directive communautaire 2000/13/CE du 8 juin 2000 sur le commerce électronique." ERA Forum 1, no. 2 (June 2000): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02817662.

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23

Castro-Tirado, A. J., J. M. Castro Cerón, J. Gorosabel, P. Páta, J. Soldán, R. Hudec, M. Jelinek, et al. "Detection of an optical transient following the 13 March 2000 short/hard gamma-ray burst." Astronomy & Astrophysics 393, no. 3 (October 2002): L55—L59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361:20021172.

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24

Maarif, Syamsul. "SOME CHALLENGES TO THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE COMPETITION LAW IN INDONESIA." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 6, no. 1 (July 2, 2013): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5531.

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Indonesian competition law known as Law No. 5 of 1999 was adopted on the fifth of March 1999 and took effective a year later, the fifth of March 2000. Since the adoption of the Law we are witnessing business players have changed in the ways they run their businesses. We are also witnessing challenges that need to be dealt with if we want Law No5 effective to reach its objectives. This article discloses some of those challenges. The most difficult one to deal with is the resistance by the court to the existence of the Indonesian Antimonopoly Authority (KPPU).

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25

Bernier, Adeline, Elisabeth Delarocque-Astagneau, Caroline Ligier, Marie-Anne Vibet, Didier Guillemot, and Laurence Watier. "Outpatient Antibiotic Use in France between 2000 and 2010: after the Nationwide Campaign, It Is Time To Focus on the Elderly." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 58, no. 1 (October 14, 2013): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.01813-13.

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ABSTRACTAntibiotic overconsumption is the main force driving the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. To promote better antibiotic use in France, a nationwide campaign has been run every year from October to March since 2002. In 2007, it was shown that winter outpatient antibiotic consumption had decreased by 26.5% compared to the 2000-2002 baseline period. Here, we quantified outpatient antibiotic use between 2000 and 2010 as a follow-up analysis of the nationwide campaign. Reimbursed outpatient antibiotic prescriptions were extracted from computerized French National Health Insurance databases. Entire series and age group and antibiotic class analyses were computed. Time series analyses used autoregressive moving-average models with exogenous variables and intervention functions. Two periods were considered: October to March “campaign” periods and April to September “warm” periods. Compared to the precampaign (2000-2002) baseline period, the numbers of weekly antibiotic prescriptions per 1,000 inhabitants during campaign periods decreased until winter 2006 to 2007 (−30% [95% confidence interval {CI}, −36.3 to −23.8%];P< 0.001) and then stabilized except for individuals >60 years of age, for whom prescriptions reached the precampaign level. During the warm periods from April to September, no significant differences were estimated compared to the baseline level for the entire series, but seniors had an increasing trend that became significant as of 2005, reaching +21% (95% CI, +12.9 to +29.6%) in 2009 (P< 0.0001). These results highlight the need for a better understanding of antibiotic use by the elderly, requiring research with targeted and tailored public health actions for this population.

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26

Kjellin, Henrik. "The New International Regime for Third Party Liability." Air and Space Law 33, Issue 2 (April 1, 2008): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2008006.

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The question of third party liability has been on the working programme of the ICAO Legal Committee since 2000. A first draft with the view of modernizing the 1952 Rome Convention on Damage Caused by Foreign Aircraft to Third Parties on the Surface was developed by a Study Group and submitted to the 32nd session of the Legal Committee in March 2004.

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27

Corell, Hans. "United Nations Congress on Public International Law (New York, 13–17 March 1995)." Netherlands International Law Review 42, no. 02 (August 1995): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165070x00003697.

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28

Gordon, Rena J. "Report from Capitol Hill." Complementary health practice review 6, no. 1 (October 2000): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153321010000600110.

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To keep readers informed of policy initiatives at the national level, the editor will provide information that is pertinent as it becomes available. Press releases from the White House Office of the Press Secretary dated July 13 and 24, 2000 report that President Clinton appointed members to the White House Commission on Complemen tary and Alternative Medicine Policy. The Commission was created by executive order on March 8, 2000. According to the White House, the four major issues to be discussed by the Commission are:

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29

Oxman, Bernard H., and Annalisa Ciampi. "Criminal law—Italian constitutional law—European Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons—agreement regarding confinement of a transferred prisoner—effect and constitutionality of such an agreement." American Journal of International Law 95, no. 4 (October 2001): 919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2674652.

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Baraldini (March 28, 2001), at <http://www.cortecostituzionale.it>.Corte costituzionale (Constitutional Court of Italy), March 22, 2001.Following breast cancer surgery in a Rome hospital, Silvia Baraldini—an Italian national who had been transferred from the United States to Italy for the purpose of serving the remainder of her prison sentence in Italy—requested her release from prison while she received radiation treatments or chemotherapy. By order of November 24, 2000, the Tribunale di sorveglianza (Supervisory Court) of Rome for the District of Lazio, on its own motion, brought a challenge of constitutionality against the Italian statute (Transfer Implementation Law) implementing the 1983 Council of Europe Convention on the Transfer of Sentenced Persons (Strasbourg Convention).

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30

Peers, S. "HUMAN RIGHTS CASE LAW OF THE EUROPEAN COURT OF JUSTICE JANUARY 2000 TO MARCH 2001." Human Rights Law Review 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hrlr/1.1.145.

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31

David, Eric. "Respect for the Principle of Distinction in the Kosovo War." Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law 3 (December 2000): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1389135900000593.

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From 24 March until 9 June 1999, NATO forces, or more precisely, the forces of 13 of the 19 member states of the Alliance, set at the service of the latter, attacked the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (FRY) in order to force its Government to accept a solution to the dispute over Kosovo.

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32

Rugh, David J., Roderick C. Hobbs, James A. Lerczak, and Jeffrey M. Breiwick. "Estimates of abundance of the eastern North Pacific stock of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) 1997-2002." J. Cetacean Res. Manage. 7, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47536/jcrm.v7i1.751.

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The southbound migration of the eastern North Pacific stock of gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) was documented by the National Marine Fisheries Service from 13 December 1997 to 24 February 1998, 13 December 2000 to 5 March 2001 and from 12 December 2001 to 5 March 2002. Research protocol was essentially identical to that used in previous surveys. This involved single observers independently searching for whales and recording data on effort and sighting time, location, count and direction-headed. In 1997/98, there were 2,346 pods (3,643 whales) counted during 435.0h of standard observational effort when visibility was recorded as fair to excellent. In 2000/01, a total of 1,694 pods (2,754 whales) were counted during 592.4h, and in 2001/02, there were 1,712 pods (2,800 whales) during 531.5h. The southbound migrations in 1997/98 and 2001/02 were normal, beginning in mid-December, centred on mid-January (mean dates=18 January 1998 and 15 January 2002 respectively) and ending by mid-February. However, in 2000/01 (mean date=25 January 2001) the migration was more protracted than any other migration observed in the past 25 years, with many whales still travelling south three weeks after the typical end date. Data analysis procedures were comparable to those used in previous years, with the exception of a new correction factor for nighttime travel rates. Abundance estimates were 29,758 whales in 1997/98 (CV=10.49%; 95% log-normal confidence interval=24,241 to 36,531), 19,448 in 2000/01 (CV=9.67%; 95% log-normal confidence interval=16,096 to 23,498) and 18,178 in 2001/02 (CV=9.79%; 95% log-normal confidence interval=15,010 to 22,015). The abundance in 1997/98 was the highest estimate made since this project began in 1967/68. It was followed by two much lower estimates – probably related to the high mortality rates observed in 1999 and 2000. This whale population appears to be approaching the carrying-capacity of its environment.

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Bahrum, Syamsuddin. "PERIODISASI POLITIK HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM ACEH SEJAK TAHUN 2000-2018." Legalite : Jurnal Perundang Undangan dan Hukum Pidana Islam 3, no. II (December 31, 2018): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32505/legalite.v3iii.1110.

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Periodization of Islamic criminal politics in Aceh since 2000-2018 is the dynamics of the politics of Islamic criminal law in the Acehnese society in the application of Islamic law in Aceh Province carried out under the principle of lex specialis derogaatlege generalis. Periodization of Islamic criminal politics in Aceh from 2000-2018 with the issuance of Law No. 18 of 2001 concerning Special Autonomy for the Special Province of Aceh as the Province of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam which was implemented in Qanun Number 11 of 2002 concerning the Implementation of Islamic Sharia in the Aqeedah Islam, Qanun Number 12 of 2003 concerning Khamar and the like, Qanun Number 13 of 2003 concerning Maisir (Gambling), Qanun Number 14 of 2003 concerning Seclusion (Mesum) and Qanun Number 4 of 2004 concerning Management of Zakat. The politics of Islamic criminal law has developments with the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2006 concerning Aceh Government. The mandate of the Republic of Indonesia Law Number 11 of 2006 concerning the Government of Aceh in the application of Islamic criminal law is implemented through Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law and Qanun Number 7 of 2013 concerning Jinayat Procedure Law which implements' Uqubat Cambuk on the mosque yard and / or open field has been running safely, orderly, unpretentious, effective and efficient. However, the period 20 is December 13, 2013. In this periodization the application of Islamic criminal law in accordance with Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law and Qanun Number 7 of 2013 concerning Jinayat's Procedure Law runs smoothly and effectively. Periodization of 2017 until now, the political dynamics of Islamic criminal deterioration occurred with the issuance of Aceh Governor's Regulation Number 05 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Jinayat's Laws that moved 'Uqubat Cambuk open space held in the courtyard of the mosque and / or open field. effectively and efficiently moved its location to the community / detention center / detention center.

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34

Petkova, Tsvetalina. "Family law and property law questions in connection with the state of emergency, declared in Bulgaria (13 th March 2020 – 13 th May 2020)." Law Journal of New Bulgarian University 16, no. 2 (March 4, 2021): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.33919/ljnbu.20.2.3.

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The article analyzes some family law and property law questions, arising in connection with the declared state of emergency from 13.3.2020 to 13.5.2020 on the territory of the Republic of Bulgaria due to the epidemic of COVID-19. Answers are given to the following questions: can the court consider a divorce claim or an application for divorce by mutual consent during the state of emergency; whether it is possible to attain judicial protection in cases of domestic violence in the state of emergency and under what conditions; as well as whether the acquisitive prescription is suspended during that period of time.

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35

Weatherill, Stephen. "III. Agriculture." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 52, no. 4 (October 2003): 1030–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/52.4.1030.

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Since the last review in 2000, there have been dynamic developments in European Community agricultural law. This might appear surprising in that the Berlin Special European Council of March 1999 (‘Berlin Summit’) had seen agreement on major reforms to the common organisations of the market, including consolidation of existing legislation, and the drawing up of financial perspectives for the period 2000–2006. Accordingly, a degree of stability might have been expected. However, not long after agreement was reached at the Berlin Summit, Commissioner Fischler could emphasise that: ‘Reforming farm policy is an ongoing process.’1

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36

Arnott, Stephen A. "Infection of intertidal barnacles by the parasitic isopod Hemioniscus balani in north-east England." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 81, no. 1 (February 2001): 171–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540100354x.

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Prevalence of the parasite Hemioniscus balani (Isopoda: Cryptoniscidae) was determined in intertidal barnacles Semibalanus balanoides collected from north-east England during winter 1989–1990 and March 2000. Infection by female and male stages of the parasite were low (0·0–13·6% and 0·0–9·9%, respectively). Female stages were usually more prevalent lower down the shore, and were more common among larger barnacles. The observed rates of parasitism are similar to those recorded in the region 40–50 years ago.

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37

Anagnostopoulou, Despina. "Case C-373/97, Dionysios Diamantis v. Greek State, Judgment of the Full Court of 23 March 2000, [2000] ECR I-1705." Common Market Law Review 38, Issue 3 (June 1, 2001): 767–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/350513.

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van Hoek, Aukje A. H. "Case C-7/98, D. Krombach v. A. Bamberski, Judgment of the Full Court of 28 March 2000. [2000] ECR I-1395." Common Market Law Review 38, Issue 4 (August 1, 2001): 1011–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/356970.

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39

McEleavy, Peter. "The Brussels II Regulation: How the European Community has Moved into Family Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 51, no. 4 (October 2002): 883–908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/51.4.883.

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On 1 March 2001 Council Regulation (EC) No 1347/2000 of 29 May 2000 on Jurisdiction and the Recognition and Enforcement of Judgments in Matrimonial Matters and in Matters of Parental Responsibility for Children of both Spouses (Brussels II) entered into force.1 In the United Kingdom at least this significant step went relatively unnoticed. Nevertheless, the Regulation marks a new departure for the European Community and is likely to be but the first in a series of instruments dealing with family law issues. This article will use an analysis of the evolution of the Brussels II initiative to explore how and why the European Community has been able to move into an area not innately associated with traditional European goals.2 It will then reflect on the wider impact of the Regulation and any future initiatives for private international law and family law in Europe.

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40

Hill, Mark. "The Impact for the Church of England of the Human Rights Act 1998." Ecclesiastical Law Journal 5, no. 27 (July 2000): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0956618x00004026.

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Though the first nation state of the Council of Europe to ratify the European Convention on Human Rights on 18th March 1951, and though permitting individual petition to the European Court in Strasbourg since 1966, the United Kingdom declined to give effect to the Convention in its domestic law until the government recently passed the Human Rights Act 1998. The Act received the Royal Assent in November 1998 and will come into force on 2nd October 2000.

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AOYAMA, HIDEAKI, WATARU SOUMA, YUICHI NAGAHARA, MITSUHIRO P. OKAZAKI, HIDEKI TAKAYASU, and MISAKO TAKAYASU. "PARETO'S LAW FOR INCOME OF INDIVIDUALS AND DEBT OF BANKRUPT COMPANIES." Fractals 08, no. 03 (September 2000): 293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218348x0000038x.

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We analyze the distribution of income and income tax of individuals in Japan for the fiscal year 1998. From the rank-size plots, we find that the accumulated probability distribution of both data obey a power law with a Pareto exponent very close to -2. We also present an analysis of the distribution of the debts owed by bankrupt companies from 1997 to March 2000, which is consistent with a power law behavior with a Pareto exponent equal to -1. This power law is the same as that of the income distribution of companies. Possible implications of these findings for model building are discussed.

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42

Fekete, Liz. "The Terrorism Act 2000: An Interview with Gareth Peirce." Race & Class 43, no. 2 (October 2001): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306396801432007.

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In 2000, a new Terrorism Act, incorporating the broadest ever definition of terrorism and giving police and prosecutors freedom to arrest almost anyone involved in some way with refugee solidarity work, was passed. Then, on 29 March 2001, under the first order made under the Act, twenty-one organisations were proscribed through provisions which allow for the banning of organisations which the home secretary believes are involved in terrorism, or promote or encourage terrorism.1 As refugee communities began mobilising against the law, and particularly its Proscribed Organisations Order, Liz Fekete asked the civil rights lawyer Gareth Peirce, who has defended those accused of terrorist offences for over two decades, to examine the historical and political context of this the latest addition to the UK’s anti-terrorist legislation.

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43

Corbella, Xavier, Berta Ortiga, Antoni Juan, Nuria Ortega, Carmen Gomez-Vaquero, Cristina Capdevila, Ignasi Bardes, et al. "Alternatives to conventional hospitalization for improving lack of access to inpatient beds: a 12-year cross-sectional analysis." Journal of Hospital Administration 2, no. 2 (December 17, 2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jha.v2n2p9.

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Background/Objective: When hospitals cannot guarantee available hospital beds for inpatient admission, patients are exposed to prolonged waits, cancellations and diversions that negatively affect their safety and quality of care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multifaceted intervention for eliminating inpatient access delays. Methods: By using multi-time point cross-sectional analysis, data from all hospitalizations from adult patients registered at an 850-bed public, tertiary-care university hospital were compared from March 1998 to March 2000 (control period) with data from April 2000 to March 2010 (intervention period), after a set of 15 actions for avoiding unnecessary inpatient admissions and to reduce length of hospital stay was implemented by a clinician-administrator taskforce. Response variable was the daily average of “boarded” patients waiting for a hospital bed at 8:00 am in the emergency department (ED). Other measurements included daily contextual and performance hospital variables captured automatically by computer-assisted processes. Results: Between March 1998 and March 2010, 348,960 consecutive hospitalizations were registered. Despite daily ED visits increasing from 288 (IQR Q1-Q3: 270-309) to 335 patients (IQR Q1-Q3: 306-359; P<.01), multifaceted intervention reduced the daily emergency “boarded” patients from 7 (IQR Q1-Q3: 3-14) to 3 patients (IQR Q1-Q3: 1-6; P<.01), and length of hospital stay from 10.9 (IQR Q1-Q3: 9.6-12.5) to 8.1 days (IQR Q1-Q3: 6.8-9.8; P<.01), while increasing daily scheduled admissions from 32 (IQR Q1-Q3: 17-58) to 63 patients (IQR Q1-Q3: 13-90; P<.01). Conclusion: Major changes in hospital procedures for bridging the gap between inpatient and outpatient care by implementing alternatives to conventional hospitalization solved the “inpatient boarding” phenomenon in the ED.

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Berg, T., K. A. Pfaffhuber, A. S. Cole, O. Engelsen, and A. Steffen. "Ten years trends in atmospheric mercury concentrations, meteorological effects and climate variables at Zeppelin, Ny-Ålesund." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 13, no. 1 (January 22, 2013): 2273–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-2273-2013.

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Abstract. Results from ten years of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) measurements at Zeppelin Station, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, show no overall annual trend between 2000 and 2009. Seasonal trend analysis showed significantly decreasing trends in January, February, March and June and significantly increasing trends in May and July through December. Results showed that atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) were equally distributed between April and May with only a few having been observed in March and June. A negative correlation between AMDEs and temperature is reported and supports earlier observations that AMDEs tend to occur at low temperatures. Lower concentrations of GEM were seen at lower temperatures below a threshold of 0°C. The occurrence of AMDEs and wind direction were well correlated with the lowest GEM measured when the wind direction was from the Arctic Ocean region. Wind speed was found to not correlate with AMDEs, but the lowest GEM concentrations were observed at low wind speeds between 4 and 11 m s−1. AMDEs and relative humidity did not correlate well, but the lowest GEM levels appeared when the relative humidity was between 80 and 90%. Diurnal variation was observed especially during the month March and is likley due to daytime snow surface emission induced by solar radiation. Relationships between GEM concentration and the Northern Hemisphere climate indices were investigated to assess if these climate parameters might reflect different atmospheric conditions that enhance or reduce spring AMDE activity. No consistent pattern was observed.

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45

Ryšavý, Dan. "Career politicians a dozen years after regionalisation of the Czech Republic (2000–13)." Journal of Legislative Studies 22, no. 1 (January 2, 2016): 54–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13572334.2015.1134907.

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46

Chi Cong, Le, Linh Tran, Le Thi Phong Lan, Giang Jan Nguyen, Mohamed Essam Elrggal, Nam Nguyen Hai, Huy Nguyen Tien, and Truong Nguyen Duc. "Transplant tourism: a literature review on development, ethical and law issues." MedPharmRes 7, no. 1 (June 20, 2022): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32895/ump.mpr.7.1.5.

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Objectives: This study aims to narratively review the progression of ethical and legal issues related to transplant tourism. Methods: PubMed search and Google search with keywords were used in March 2022 to identify relevant studies and law documentation. Results: The progression of transplant tourism was classified into three main periods. Before 2000, the most popular destination country was India (1,308 cases), this period was characterized by the absence of laws and regulations worldwide. The period from 2000 to 2010 was the peak explosion of transplant tourism, China became the most popular destination of tourists (7,591 cases). This triggered alarms by World Health Organization (WHO) resolution in 2004 and Istanbul declaration in 2008 calling for regulations to prohibit transplant tourism. From 2010 till today, additional scientific publications reported several complications in overseas transplanted patients. Laws and regulations restricting transplant tourism were promulgated by many countries such as Israel, Taiwan, Spain and others. Conclusions: Transplant tourism is considered as illegal worldwide. WHO and many developed countries announced laws and measures to prevent this activity. The incidence of transplant tourism is currently decreasing, continued efforts should persist to end this criminal act.

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47

McGlynn, Clare. "EC Legislation Prohibiting Age Discrimination: “Towards a Europe for All Ages”?" Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies 3 (2000): 279–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1528887000003815.

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In 2000 the European Community adopted the General Framework Directive aimed at combating discrimination on the grounds of religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation as regards employment and occupation. This important measure followed closely on the heels of the Race Discrimination Directive adopted earlier in the year. The adoption of these measures was made possible after the Treaty of Amsterdam inserted a new Article 13 into the EC Treaty which empowered the Community to adopt measures to combat discrimination on the above grounds, as well as in the fields of sex, race and ethnicity. While Article 13 was greeted with much acclaim, doubts were expressed as to whether or not binding measures would be forthcoming. As it has turned out, such pessimism was unwarranted and the Community has now adopted measures aimed at eliminating discrimination on all the grounds specified in Article 13. The adoption of these directives is, therefore, a highly significant expansion of the Community’s competence and ensures the continued development of the Community beyond its original purely economic focus.

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48

Marsidah, Marsidah. "TINJAUAN YURIDIS TENTANG BENTUK-BENTUK PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI TENAGA KERJA YANG BEKERJA DI LAUT." Solusi 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 374–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36546/solusi.v16i3.149.

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The risk of danger at sea is very large, shipping companies must guarantee the protection of workers on ships related to the risk of marine hazards without exception. The issue published in this discussion is a discussion of the legal form for workers who work at sea based on Law No. 13 of 2003 and number 7 in 2000. The type of research used in this research is normative juridical by assessing fuel-Section Number 13 of 2003 concerning employment and Government Regulation Number 7 of 2000 concerning seafarers and the responsibility of seafarers. Regarding the legal form for workers who work with legal protection for work time, occupational safety and health, and wages. In addition, in accordance with the applicable law in the Jamsostek Permit the right to wages, housing and house rights, the right to leave, the right to the time of illness or accident.

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49

White, Benjamin Thomas. "Addressing the State: The Syrian ʿUlamaʾ Protest Personal Status Law Reform, 1939." International Journal of Middle East Studies 42, no. 1 (January 14, 2010): 10–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743809990572.

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In February 1939, the Syrian government received two documents from ʿulamaʾ protesting two decrees of the French High Commission that were intended to reform personal status law in Syria: decree 60/L.R. of 13 March 1936 and decree 146/L.R. of 18 November 1938. The first was a petition signed by Muslims from Homs to the Syrian prime minister (pictured); the second was a letter from the Damascus Association of ʿUlamaʾ to the Syrian interior minister.

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50

Berg, T., K. A. Pfaffhuber, A. S. Cole, O. Engelsen, and A. Steffen. "Ten-year trends in atmospheric mercury concentrations, meteorological effects and climate variables at Zeppelin, Ny-Ålesund." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 13 (July 11, 2013): 6575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-6575-2013.

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Abstract. Results from ten years of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) measurements at Zeppelin station, Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard, show no overall annual trend between 2000 and 2009. Seasonal trend analysis showed significantly decreasing trends in January, February, March and June (−4.5 to −14.9 pg m−3 yr−1) and significantly increasing trends in May and July through December (1.5 to 28.7 pg m−3 yr −1). Results showed that atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) were equally distributed between April and May with only a few having been observed in March and June. A negative correlation between AMDEs and temperature is reported and supports earlier observations that AMDEs tend to occur at low temperatures. Lower concentrations of GEM were seen at lower temperatures below a threshold of 0 °C. The occurrence of AMDEs and wind direction were well correlated with the lowest GEM measured when the wind direction was from the Arctic Ocean region. Wind speed was found to not correlate with AMDEs, but the lowest GEM concentrations were observed at low wind speeds between 4 and 11 m s−1. AMDEs and relative humidity did not correlate well, but the lowest GEM levels appeared when the relative humidity was between 80 and 90%. Diurnal variation was observed especially during the month of March and is probably due to daytime snow surface emission induced by solar radiation. Relationships between GEM concentration and the Northern Hemisphere climate indices were investigated to assess if these climate parameters might reflect different atmospheric conditions that enhance or reduce spring AMDE activity. No consistent pattern was observed.

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