Relevant bibliographies by topics / Law of human life

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Law of human life'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 25 May 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Law of human life"

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Rakowski, Eric, and Ronald Dworkin. "The Sanctity of Human Life." Yale Law Journal 103, no. 7 (May 1994): 2049. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/797022.

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Montagna, Alfredo. "Law between life and death." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 1 (April 2011): 93–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2011-001007en.

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In this work the Author analyses the content of a bill of law discussed in Italian Parliament, highlighting the deficiencies and the ambiguities, just as the contradictions, suggesting a solution based on a correct interpretation of the principles set by the Constitution over the issues of the right to be healthy and respect for human dignity.
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Holm, S. "New Danish law: human life begins at conception." Journal of Medical Ethics 14, no. 2 (June 1, 1988): 77–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.14.2.77.

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Wilson, Ronald. "Life and Law: The Impact of Human Rights on Experimenting with Life." Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences 17, no. 3 (March 1985): 61–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00450618509410717.

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Echeñique Sosa, Javier. "Human Life as a Basic Good: A Dialectical Critique." Ideas y Valores 65, no. 161 (August 8, 2016): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ideasyvalores.v65n161.44310.

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In this article I argue that the fundamental axiological claim of the New Natural Law Theory, according to which human life has an intrinsically valuable, cannot be defended within the framework assumed by the New Natural Law Theory itself, and further, that such a claim turns out to be false relative to a wider eudaimonistic framework that the Natural Law theorist is committed to accept. I do this this by adopting a dialectical standpoint which excludes any assumptions that could be de-nied by the New Natural Law theorist, except for the axiological claim, and show that the New Natural Law theorist cannot argue for the axiological claim’s plausibility, and moreover, that in such a setting the New Natural Law theorist is compelled to replace the axiological claim by the claim that human life is instrumentally valuable.
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Albert, Ross A. "Restitutionary Recovery for Rescuers of Human Life." California Law Review 74, no. 1 (January 1986): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3480355.

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DOROKHINA, Yuliia. "HUMAN LIFE AS A SUBJECT OF CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION." Law. State. Technology, no. 2 (2021): 11–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/lst/2021-2-2.

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Szyran, Jerzy, and Karl Baranouski. "Human life as a subject and object of law." Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej 11, no. 2 (2012): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/rtk.2012.11.2.10.

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Cassimatis, Anthony E. "International Humanitarian Law, International Human Rights Law, and Fragmentation of International Law." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 56, no. 3 (July 2007): 623–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclq/lei185.

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International tribunals and legal scholars have been considering the relationship between International Humanitarian Law (‘IHL’) and International Human Rights Law (‘IHRL’) for a number of years.1 The International Court of Justice famously or infamously (depending on your perspective) considered their relationship in its Nuclear Weapons Advisory Opinion in 1996.2 The Court concluded that while IHRL did apply in times of armed conflict, when it came to the prohibition of arbitrarily taking human life in Article 6 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1966, the content of that prohibition had to be found in the lex specialis of IHL.
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Perry, Melanie J. "Life coaching and the law." Industrial and Commercial Training 38, no. 2 (February 2006): 98–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00197850610653388.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Law of human life"

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Delport, Petrus Terblanche. "Law-Life: Colonialism and the flows of the political." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62674.

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In the Constitutional Court case of Mazibuko and Others v The City of Johannesburg and Others CCT 39/09 [2009], a case dealing with the question of access to water, the presiding judge, Kate O'Regan CJ, makes the following opening remarks to the judgment: 'Water is life. Without it, nothing organic grows. Human beings need water to drink, to cook, to wash and to grow our food. Without it, we will die. It is not surprising then that our Constitution entrenches the right of access to water'. My aim in this dissertation is to investigate the couplet of law-life and the political in the Constitutional Court case of Mazibuko and Others v The City of Johannesburg and Others. The case stands as an exemplar of the intersection of life and the political by virtue of its focus on socio-economic rights, specifically the right of access to water enshrined in the Constitution. The history of the case, the jurisprudence employed by the courts, and the responses and critiques to the Mazibuko case add to the problematics to be investigated here. What would it entail if the couplet of law-life would be brought to the concept of the political? It would mean interrogating how life and law is constructed by the political and not merely how the political manages and regulates life through law. If life is considered to be a matter of bare necessities, or mere biological life, there would not be a need to consider the question of the political relation to life; it could be delegated, as it has practically been, to technocratic governmental policy. Bringing the political to questions of life would reveal how the political implicates life in its constituting moment. In this dissertation, I will explore how the political could be brought to the couplet of law-life, focusing particularly focus on socio-economic rights, international law, colonialism, and constitution making.
Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Philosophy
MA
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Skouteris, Vassilis. "Societies of interchangeable lives : on the contemporary relation between law and human life." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.272067.

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Self, Julie. "The right to life in the international law of human rights : looking beyond the horizons." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13639/.

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There is a ‘right to life’ Article in a number of international and regional human rights treaties which is not currently being employed to give the full potential effect to the right. There are issues arising ‘beyond the horizons’, particularly with regard to the identity of the rights-bearer, the ‘human’ in the international law of human rights, that fail to be addressed by a restrictive interpretation. For instance, a failure to recognise the human represented by human genetic material and to record it the respect called for by an expanded notion of human dignity has implications for the future, when ‘new humans’ – clones, hybrids, chimera – might enter the realm of created beings, with, it is argued here, a valid claim to respect for their human rights entitlements, including that their right to life shall be protected by law. In order to establish the potential scope of the right to life treaty provision, the texts are introduced and a case is made for the validity of a dynamic and evolving interpretation of the right, the ‘living instrument’ approach, within the international legal framework established by the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The human identity is then examined across a number of disciplines, as well as in law, in order to challenge an interpretation that places any requirements on the rights-bearer of ‘personhood’. The proposed solution is to argue for broader definitions, both of the human and of the life protected, than is currently the case, and for a greater realisation of what is at stake in human rights jurisprudence regarding the right, involving issues of the moral nature of the protecting law. A failure to realise and act upon the issues raised will allow intolerable injustice to be perpetrated.
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Bayley, Bruce K. "Fear of Crime and Perceptions of Law Enforcement Among American Youth." DigitalCommons@USU, 2002. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2743.

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Fear of crime and the public's satisfaction with police has been a focus of criminologists for a number of years. Most studies, however, have focused on the general population as a whole. What is not known is how fearful American youth are of the crime in their neighborhoods and how they perceive those in law enforcement. The purpose of this study was to explore this subgroup of the population and to begin the investigation of youths' fear of crime and their perceptions of law enforcement. Using a national sample of 1,897 youth ages 16-25 collected from 12 cities throughout the United States, data were analyzed to explore the strength of demographic and community variables as they related to youths' fear of crime and perceptions of law enforcement. Results for fear of crime indicate that in general, American youth are not very fearful of crime in their neighborhoods. Older youth (18-25) tended to be more fearful than younger youth (16-17), females were more fearful than males, married youth were more fearful than non-married youth, youth living in the Northeast census region were the most fearful of the four census regions, and all non-White youth were more fearful of crime when compared to Whites. Youths' overall satisfaction with police indicated that in general, American youth were satisfied with police in their neighborhoods, with White youth and those youth with some college education being most satisfied with police. When addressing the variance explained by demographic and community variables, youths' perceptions regarding their quality of life accounted for the most variance in both fear of crime and satisfaction with police. The strength of this predictor variable was so strong in fact, that other demographic and community variables were negligible by comparison.
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Berger, Felix. "Climate Change – A Matter of Life or Death : A Study of the Connection Between Climate Change and the Right to Life in the European Convention on Human Rights." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-76487.

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Chatzipanagiotou, Matthildi. "Practicing the law of human dignity." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Juristische Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17459.

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Die philosophischen Grundlagen der Meta-Dimension des Rechts auf Menschenwürde lösen eine Fragestellung aus, die die Grenzen der Disziplin des Rechts übertrifft: wie könnte das Transzendentale als ein Aspekt der Bedeutung von Menschenwürde dargestellt werden? Das Beharren auf der nicht-Bestimmung des Menschenbildes oder auf dem Begriff ‚Gott’ in der Präambel des Deutschen Grundgesetzes, wie es sich in der Deutschen Dogmatik widerspiegelt, gepaart mit dem Bestreben nach einer Fall-zu-Fall ad hoc Konkretisierung dessen, was Menschenwürde bedeutet, inspiriert diese Untersuchung von ‚etwas fehlt’ [‘something missing’]. In postmoderner Art und Weise beschreibt diese Geschichte das Gesetz der Menschenwürde als Trojanisches Pferd und bietet hermeneutische und literarische Grundlagen für eine affirmative Haltung gegenüber einer ''leeren'' Rede im juristischen Diskurs. Die Forschungsfrage erweckt und umkreist die polemisch verbrämten Begriffe von ‚Leere’ und ‚Black Box’: Warum erscheint der Rechtsbegriff der Menschenwürde ‚leer’? Oder wie ist er ‚leer’? Warum und wie ist er eine ‚Black Box’? Wie erscheinen Manifestationen des Konzepts abstrakt wie Universalien, aber im Einzelnen konkret? Die ontologischen, sprachlich-analytischen und phänomenologischen philosophischen Erkenntnisse, vorgestellt im ersten Kapitel, bilden die Linse, durch die fünf maßgebliche Fälle des Bundesverfassungsgerichtes – über Abtreibung, lebenslange Freiheitsstrafe, Transsexualität, staatliche Reaktion auf Terroranschläge und die Gewährleistung eines menschenwürdigen Existenzminimums – im zweiten Kapitel analysiert werden. Die philosophischen Quellen werden nicht als Momente im langen Verlauf der Menschenwürde in der Geschichte der Ideen eingeklammert.
The philosophical underpinnings of what may be called the meta-dimension of the law of human dignity trigger a question that surpasses the boundaries of the discipline of law: how could the transcendental as an aspect of human dignity meaning be portrayed? The insistence on non-determination of the Menschenbild [human image] or ‘God’ in the Preamble to the German Basic Law [Grundgesetz] reflected in German legal doctrine, paired with the commitment to case-by-case ad hoc concretization of what human dignity means inspire this story of ‘something missing’. In postmodern fashion, this story portrays the law of human dignity as a Trojan Horse and provides hermeneutic and literary foundations for an affirmative stance towards ‘emptiness’ talk in legal discourse. The research question rekindles and twists polemically framed ‘emptiness’ and ‘black box’ contentions: Why does the legal concept of human dignity appear ‘empty’? Or, how is it ‘empty’? Why and how is it a ‘black box’? How do manifestations of the concept appear abstract as universals and concrete as particulars? The ontological, linguistic-analytical, and phenomenological philosophical insights presented in Chapter One compose the lens through which five benchmark Bundesverfassungsgericht cases – on abortion, life imprisonment, transsexuals, state response to terrorist attacks, and the guarantee of a dignified subsistence minimum – are analyzed in Chapter Two. The philosophical sources are not bracketed as moments in the long course of human dignity in the history of ideas.
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Tolliner, Lina. "The right to life in Europe : Its beginning and end." Thesis, Örebro University, School of Law, Psychology and Social Work, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-10917.

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The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (“the Convention”) was adopted in 1950. One of the most important rights established therein is the right to life, which can be found in article 2.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine how far the scope of this right reaches concerning the beginning and the end of life. This is mainly done by examining the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (“the Court”) which is set to monitor the observance of the rights. To make this thesis manageable, the three areas of abortion, euthanasia and the death penalty have been chosen as the starting-point of the examination.

The position of the three areas among the member states varies. Abortion and euthanasia have been regarded by the Court as sensitive areas in which the states have a wide margin of appreciation to decide on their own. This is much due to the lack of consensus within the states as to how they should be regulated.

Whether the unborn foetus is protected by the Convention and in such case to what extent is still in dispute. This is also the case concerning when life begins. The Court has stated that any right the foetus may possess is limited by the rights of the mother. They have also said that they do not want to impose a certain view on the member states.

The Commission has stated that if the foetus would have an absolute right to life under the Convention, then it would lead to serious implications for the mother, as she would not be able to have an abortion in any circumstance. Also, in Vo v. France one of the dissenting judges stated that the foetus’ right to life have to be narrower in scope than the right of the born.

In the case Pretty v. the United Kingdom the Court unanimously ruled that article 2 does not include a right to die. However some member states, like the Netherlands, have made euthanasia legal without being found to violate its obligations under the Convention. Consequently, it does not seem to be against the Convention for states to make their own legislation allowing for euthanasia to be practiced.

One important aspect to this debate is whether one considers life to be inalienable or not. The Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe has said that even though the rights of the terminally ill should be respected, it does not mean that one has the right to die at the hands of someone else. The Court has also said that in this area, it is important to protect those vulnerable from being used, and therefore states have the right to legislate against euthanasia.

The situation is different when it comes to the death penalty. Two additional protocols have been adopted restricting or completely abolishing the penalty since the adoption of the Convention. In 1950 there was no possibility to exclude the right to use the death penalty from the Convention since many European states still retained it in their domestic laws. However, the development since has moved towards a complete abolition. This is for instance evident since aspiring members of the Council of Europe have to be willing to abolish the penalty to be accepted.

The Court has dealt with the death penalty in several cases. In Soering v. the United Kingdom they said that extraditing someone to a state where he or she risks being executed not automatically means a violation of the right to life or the prohibition of torture. In Öcalan v. Turkey they established that the imposition of the death penalty after an unfair trial was a violation of article 3. Also, they considered the death penalty to now be regarded as an unacceptable punishment in peace time. Abolition of the death penalty is something the Council of Europe has worked for in decades to realise.

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Karlsson, Norman Nine. "Human Rights Law as an Intervention in Covert Surveillance of Communication : The Right to Private Life and Communication in Large-Scale Surveillance." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-65708.

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Fleming, John Irving. "Human Rights and Natural Law: An Analysis of the Consensus Gentium and its Implications for Bioethics." Thesis, Griffith University, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365336.

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This work represents an attempt to see what measure of agreement exists on human values in the face of the radical disagreement in moral philosophy on fundamental human values, and a further attempt to see what would be the implications of these findings for bioethics. The thesis begins with looking firstly at the values that human beings appear to hold in the world community. Attention is paid to the range of human rights declarations, codes and statements of medical ethics, and beliefs of religious traditions. The methodology employed rejects an assessment of these documents in terms of dominant moral philosophies, seeking simply to identify the values held, their ubiquity in history, and the current attachment to those values. Those values are expressed in the twentieth century predominantly in terms of human rights. Chapter I discovers evidence of a consensus gentium on fundamental human values such as the right to life and the right to a reasonable standard of health care.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities
Arts, Education and Law
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Stackpool-Moore, Lucy. "Narratives of human rights : universal concepts brought into focus through the lenses of life stories : HIV, stigma and law in Malawi." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2013. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/18073/.

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Books on the topic "Law of human life"

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Judie, Brown, and American Life League, eds. The human life amendment. Stafford, VA: American Life League, 1994.

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K, Beller Fritz, and Weir Robert F. 1943-, eds. The Beginning of human life. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

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Conscience and law, or, Principles of human conduct. London: Thomas Baker, 1986.

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United Ireland, human rights and international law. Atlanta: Clarity Press, 2011.

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Bertrán, M. Laura Farfán, Saunders William L, and Jeanneane Maxon. Defending the human right to life in Latin America. Edited by Americans United for Life. Washington, DC: Americans United for LIfe, 2012.

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Hanafin, Patrick. Conceiving life: Reproductive politics and the law in contemporary Italy. Aldershot, Hants, England: Ashgate, 2007.

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After we die: The life and times of the human cadaver. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press, 2010.

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1952-, Lee R. G., and Morgan Derek 1954-, eds. Birthrights: Law and ethics at the beginning of life. London [England]: Routledge, 1989.

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The right to life and the value of life: Orientations in law, politics, and ethics. Farnham, Surrey, England: Ashgate, 2010.

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Kumar, Rupesinghe, and Foundation for Co-Existence (Colombo, Sri Lanka), eds. Life in conflict. 2nd ed. [Colombo]: Foundation for Co-Existence, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Law of human life"

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Fraser, Julie. "Bringing the Law to Life." In International Human Rights and Local Courts, 36–56. London: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003431350-3.

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Pisillo Mazzeschi, Riccardo. "Protection of Private and Family Life." In International Human Rights Law, 397–404. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77032-7_20.

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Coughlan, Michael J. "What Price Human Life?" In The Vatican, the Law and the Human Embryo, 26–41. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20773-2_3.

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Hoffmann, Thomas. "Human Rights, Human Dignity, and the Human Life Form." In Ius Gentium: Comparative Perspectives on Law and Justice, 43–56. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8672-0_4.

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Shaw, Victor N. "Universal Law." In Three Worlds of Collective Human Experience: Individual Life, Social Change, and Human Evolution, 181–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98195-6_15.

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Pisillo Mazzeschi, Riccardo. "Protection of Life and Physical Integrity of the Person." In International Human Rights Law, 253–308. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77032-7_14.

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Subedi, Surya P. "The Himalayan Life." In The Workings of Human Rights, Law, and Justice, 1–20. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003271543-1.

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Broekman, Jan M. "Mimesis, Law and Medicine." In Phenomenology of Life and the Human Creative Condition, 419–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2604-7_25.

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Schmidt, Elizabeth M. "Treatment Decisions for Premature and Disabled Newborns: Hard Cases Make Bad Law." In The Beginning of Human Life, 383–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8257-5_28.

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Metzler, Ingrid. "Human Life between Biology and Law in Germany." In The Routledge Handbook of Biopolitics, 295–313. New York, NY : Routledge, 2016.: Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315612751-20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Law of human life"

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Voronin, Boris, Yana Voronina, Dmitry Bagretsov, Nikolay Simonovich, Irina Chupina, and Melis Kurmanbaev. "Legislative Support for Life and Human Capital Development in Rural Areas." In XIV European-Asian Congress "The value of law" (EAC-LAW 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.201205.068.

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Averyanova, Natalja, Ekaterina Toguzaeva, Natalia Tyumeneva, and Svetlana Yakusheva. "“Decent Human Life” as a Category of Constitutional Law." In IX International Scientific and Practical Conference “Current Problems of Social and Labour Relations" (ISPC-CPSLR 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220208.005.

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Shi, Wen, and Xiaoyan Han. "The Analysis on the Leisure Life of Farmers under the Different Human Capital Levels." In 2015 International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emle-15.2015.34.

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Ragni, Chiara. "DIGITAL EVIDENCE IN INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS AND HUMAN RIGHTS CHALLENGES." In International Scientific Conference on International, EU and Comparative Law Issues “Law in the Age of Modern Technologies”. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/28255.

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Digital technologies offer great opportunities in every field of life, including in criminal proceedings, where gathering evidence using digital or computer devices is an important contribution to the investigation of crimes, especially at the international level. Digital evidence is particularly important in the prosecution of international crimes due both to their complexity and to its ability to overcome hurdles that international judges must overcome when factfinding relates to conduct that occurred far from the seat of the court. While the of digital evidence is increasing, however, questions have arisen concerning both its admissibility and of its reliability, as the jurisprudence of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and other international criminal tribunals makes clear. The use of digital evidence may also raise concerns for the respect of due process standards and the right to private life. In the absence of specific international legal rules that deal with the matter, the purpose of this contribution is to identify the most pressing issues through an examination of the case law of international tribunals and to infer potential solutions and best practices to consider in developing international human rights based procedural standards.
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Irina, Lyskova. "Quality of Working Life in the Aspect of Human Resources Management." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Economics, Management, Law and Education (EMLE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/emle-18.2018.39.

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Inaba, Takashi, Kazuhiko Yamazaki, and Shota Hiratsuka. "Visioning design for making the law familiar - Four utilization models of the law." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003345.

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The Japanese government has proposed Society 5.0, which is now known as the 4th Industrial Revolution, and the use of open data is attracting more and more attention and rapidly changing society and industrial structure. In line with these changes, the existence of law is also being called upon to change. However, while it is "extremely important to make the judiciary more familiar and accessible to the public," [Note 1] this has yet to be achieved. Rapid innovation has led to the creation and expansion of markets that have no legal system in place, and the law is still left to only a few experts.This study aims to create new social value by exploring the ideal form of law suited to the current social situation. We will also utilize design as a means to achieve this goal, and summarize the results as a case study of initiatives in the fields of law and design.3. This study contentBased on the aforementioned background, we surveyed domestic and foreign cases of advanced efforts regarding the Japanese people's awareness of and relationship with laws, and presented the characteristics of these cases. Based on these characteristics, we proposed a vision of "Law and Design for All. Finally, we will discuss and summarize the process that led to the vision proposal and discuss what is needed for collaboration in the fields of law and design in Japan.In this paper, we show what a "vision utilizing law and design" looks like, based on the current research we have conducted. In addition, the definition of vision in this study is "a desired vision of the future based on an individual's intrinsic motivation.4. research resultsA literature review was conducted to examine the Japanese people's awareness of the law. The survey revealed that they perceive that current laws are made by lawmakers whom they trust but do not trust, and that they are not involved in the process. In addition, they are not aware that they are making the laws, and are only required to decide and abide by them without knowing it. As a result, we believe that the problems are that they do not know that the law exists, they do not know how to use it because they do not know it, and the law is not up to date.We surveyed examples of activities, technologies, and services to solve these problems, and categorized them according to the target areas. As a result, we were able to classify them into LegalTech, OpenGovernment, GovTech, CivicTech, and Others (cases of utilization other than technology). It was found that there is a major trend toward the use of open data and citizen participation.In addition, a workshop was held to survey individuals' awareness of legal issues and use it as a reference for creating a vision. The theme was "issues and desires that you feel in your daily life that you think are related to the law. The participants were asked to write their awareness of legal issues on post-it notes and paste them on imitation papers. The reason for the ambiguity of "I think it is related to the law" was not the fact that the law is actually related to the issue, but rather to find out "what the person who wrote the post-it thinks is related to the law.As a result of the workshop, it can be said that the state that "Law and Design for All" aims for is a state where "people's awareness of the law is changing," "people are becoming more familiar with the law," "people are thinking about creating a better society," and "people feel their personal opinions are reflected in policy and law. It can be said that "people's awareness of the law is changing. We believe that law is subject to change, and that it is necessary to move from passive involvement to active involvement. Based on the above given conditions, we proposed a model in which law is viewed from the perspective of four relationships: "utilize," "protect," "improve," and “create.5. ConclusionBased on a survey of Japanese people's awareness of the law, case studies, and workshops, we have proposed a model that views the law from four perspectives. In the future, we plan to increase the number of cases in which this model is used and elaborate on it.The proposed model will enable us to understand the stages of legal utilization, and to realize the state that "Law and Design for All" aims to achieve through the cycle of the four stages. In other words, the "vision of utilizing law and design" can be described as the creation of a story that utilizes the proposed model.
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Yılmazcan, Dilek. "Climate Policy and International Law." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c15.02720.

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The climate change has reached crucial dimensions that affect life deeply. Some regions are more affected by this, and it has become a threat to future generations. In the last decades, this issue has been brought to the agenda many times, but the necessary measures have not been taken yet. The increase in world temperature and the rapid melting of glaciers will drive sea waters to rise and some regions to be underwater, and droughts due to increased heat will expand. This situation will lead to food and water problems very soon, and it may endanger human life. Climate change has economic, political, and legal dimensions. Human rights violations will occur in many issues regarding the right to life, health, food security and access to clean water, and the migrations that will arise due to these reasons. These are not the problems of a single state, but the entire world population. So, international measures have been brought to the agenda of international organizations and examined within the framework of international law. It is necessary to re-evaluate its economic and legal dimensions by re-discussing agricultural policies, water and energy economies. Every natural disaster we experience is related change. This study consists of three parts, first of all, climate change and its consequences will be explained, then the studies on this subject in international law will be explained, and in the last part, how to find solutions to possible problems that may arise in the future will be discussed.
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Ciugureanu-Mihailuta, Carolina. "Controversies on the protection of prenatal life through the perspective of European law." In 26th International Scientific Conference “Competitiveness and Innovation in the Knowledge Economy". Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/cike2022.54.

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The purpose of this article is to present the well-reasoned legal situation of abortion under European law in order to examine, from the point of view of the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights (the Court), whether the conception product is the right-holder of the right to life enshrined in Article 2 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR) and, on this occasion, to grasp the position of the European instance on the legality of pregnancy interruption.
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Kotková, Petra, and Milan Palásek. "The Right to Family Life in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights." In COFOLA 2021. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9981-2021-2.

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The paper deals with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights relating to cohabitation and other law aspects with this institute related. Attention will be focused particularly to clarification of cohabitation in relationship of marriage or relationship of same-sex couples, especially in connection with Art. 8 and 14 of the Convention.
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Telaumbanua, Emanuel, Willy Tanjaya, Azharuddin Azharuddin, Roswita Sitompul, and Mulyadi Mulyadi. "Troubled Life Insurance Handling Efforts, Due to The Inability of Policyholders to Pay Insurance Premiums at PT. Asuransi BRI Life Medan." In Proceedings from the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights, ICLHR 2021, 14-15 April 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-4-2021.2312835.

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Reports on the topic "Law of human life"

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Harris, Jody, Sarah Gibbons, O’Brien Kaaba, Tabitha Hrynick, and Ruth Stirton. A ‘Right to Nutrition’ in Zambia: Linking Rhetoric, Law and Practice. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.051.

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Zambians in all walks of life are affected by malnutrition, and working through human rights is one key way to address this injustice. Based on research aiming to understand how a ‘right to nutrition’ is perceived by different actors globally and in Zambia, this brief presents a clear framework for a rights-based approach to nutrition in Zambia. This framework identifies rhetorical, legal and practical functions of human rights, and offers a way to think through clearly how different actors might work on the different aspects of rights. Addressing these three aspects of a right to nutrition all together – instead of by very separate constituencies as happens now – is fundamental to a coherent rights-based approach to nutrition. This brief outlines which actors need to come together – from law and policy, activism and communities, across global, national and local levels – and suggests how to start. It lays out the Zambian policy, legal and practical environment as it stands, and suggests actions to move forward in each of these areas in ways that are consistent with the different aspects of rights. Through these steps, Zambia can become known as a hub of action on a right to nutrition, to join with others in using human rights to address the injustice of malnutrition.
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Rosales, María Fernanda. Impact of Early Life Shocks on Human Capital Formation: El Niño Floods in Ecuador. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011668.

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A growing body of research argues that early adverse experiences have lasting effects not only on later health outcomes, but also on human capital accumulation. This paper investigates the persistent effect of negative shocks early in life on children's health and cognitive outcomes, and explores whether shocks at certain periods matter more than others. The paper exploits the geographic intensity of extreme floods during the 1997-1998 El Niño phenomenon in Ecuador as a source of exogenous variation in children's exposure to a negative shock at different periods early in life. It is shown that children exposed to severe floods in utero, especially during the third trimester, are shorter in stature five and seven years later. Also, children affected by the floods in the first trimester of pregnancy score lower on cognitive tests. Potential mechanisms are explored by studying how exposure to the El Niño shock affected key inputs to the production of children's human capital: birth weight and family inputs (income, consumption, and breastfeeding). Children exposed to El Niño floods, especially during the third trimester in utero, were more likely to be born with low birth weight. Furthermore, households affected by El Niño 1997-98 suffered a decline in income, total consumption, and food consumption in the aftermath of the shock. Moreover, exposure to El Niño floods decreased the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and increased the duration of non-exclusive breastfeeding. Falsification exercises suggest that selection concerns such as selective fertility, mobility, and infant mortality do not drive these results.
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Papastergiou, Vasilis. Detention as the Default: How Greece, with the support of the EU, is generalizing administrative detention of migrants. Oxfam, Greek Council for Refugees, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8250.

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Putting migrants and asylum seekers into detention for administrative reasons is a common practice in Greece, despite this policy contravening human rights. Greek authorities are using detention and the new EU-funded closed compounds as a way to discourage people from seeking asylum in Europe. Detention, as outlined in Greek law, should only be used as a final resort and only then in specific instances. Detention carries with it not only a financial cost, but also a considerable moral cost. Detention without just cause violates basic human rights, such as freedom of movement, the right to health and the right to family life. Alternatives to detention exist and must be prioritized.
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Spitzer, Sonja, Vanessa di Lego, Angela Greulich, and Raya Muttarak. A demographic perspective on human wellbeing: Concepts, measurement and population heterogeneity. Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1553/populationyearbook2021.int01.

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This introduction to the 2021 special issue of the Vienna Yearbook of Population Research explores demographic perspectives on human wellbeing across time and space. While the idea of relating demographic parameters to wellbeing has been around for a while, a more concrete research agenda on this topic has only recently gained momentum. Reviewing the research presented in this volume, we show how existing theoretical concepts and methodological tools in demography can be used to make substantial advances in the study of wellbeing. We also touch upon the many challenges researchers face in defining and measuring wellbeing, with the most important debate being about whether the focus should be on objective or subjective measures. The studies discussed here define wellbeing as health and mortality; as income, education or other resources; as happiness or life satisfaction; or as a combination thereof. They cover wellbeing in historical and contemporary populations in high- and low-income countries, and also point out important barriers to research on wellbeing, including the lack of good quality data in many regions. Finally, we highlight the value of considering population heterogeneities when studying wellbeing in order to identify population subgroups who are likely to fall behind, which can have important policy implications.
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Abuya, Timothy, and Wangari Ng'ang'a. Report: Getting it Right! Improving Kenya’s Human Capital by Reducing Stunting—A Household Account. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2021.1064.

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In the last two decades, Kenya has attained middle-income status and established a diverse and private-sector-driven economy. On several socIo-economic indicators, such as education, gender equality, and democracy, Kenya scores much higher than its peers. More than two-thirds of Kenyans are under 35 years of age, thus the country’s development hinges on the quality of its youth—their levels of education and skills, their values and attitudes, and the quality of their health and productivity. While Kenya’s investments in the development of its human capital positions the country well to sustain accelerated growth, the trajectory is threatened by high rates of malnutrition, which contributes to the country’s disease burden and has a large effect on socio-economic development. About 26 percent of children in Kenya are stunted, and evidence indicates that poor nutrition in early life can create consequences for learning and future productivity. Women who were stunted as children are likely to give birth to low-birth-weight babies, which is associated with higher levels of morbidity and mortality. This report analyzes the status of stunting in Kenya from a household perspective and points to pathways for addressing it.
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Kelly, Luke. Lessons Learned on Cultural Heritage Protection in Conflict and Protracted Crisis. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.068.

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This rapid review examines evidence on the lessons learned from initiatives aimed at embedding better understanding of cultural heritage protection within international monitoring, reporting and response efforts in conflict and protracted crisis. The report uses the terms cultural property and cultural heritage interchangeably. Since the signing of the Hague Treaty in 1954, there has bee a shift from 'cultural property' to 'cultural heritage'. Culture is seen less as 'property' and more in terms of 'ways of life'. However, in much of the literature and for the purposes of this review, cultural property and cultural heritage are used interchangeably. Tangible and intangible cultural heritage incorporates many things, from buildings of globally recognised aesthetic and historic value to places or practices important to a particular community or group. Heritage protection can be supported through a number of frameworks international humanitarian law, human rights law, and peacebuilding, in addition to being supported through networks of the cultural and heritage professions. The report briefly outlines some of the main international legal instruments and approaches involved in cultural heritage protection in section 2. Cultural heritage protection is carried out by national cultural heritage professionals, international bodies and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) as well as citizens. States and intergovernmental organisations may support cultural heritage protection, either bilaterally or by supporting international organisations. The armed forces may also include the protection of cultural heritage in some operations in line with their obligations under international law. In the third section, this report outlines broad lessons on the institutional capacity and politics underpinning cultural protection work (e.g. the strength of legal protections; institutional mandates; production and deployment of knowledge; networks of interested parties); the different approaches were taken; the efficacy of different approaches; and the interface between international and local approaches to heritage protection.
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Lewis, Dustin. Three Pathways to Secure Greater Respect for International Law concerning War Algorithms. Harvard Law School Program on International Law and Armed Conflict, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.54813/wwxn5790.

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Existing and emerging applications of artificial intelligence in armed conflicts and other systems reliant upon war algorithms and data span diverse areas. Natural persons may increasingly depend upon these technologies in decisions and activities related to killing combatants, destroying enemy installations, detaining adversaries, protecting civilians, undertaking missions at sea, conferring legal advice, and configuring logistics. In intergovernmental debates on autonomous weapons, a normative impasse appears to have emerged. Some countries assert that existing law suffices, while several others call for new rules. Meanwhile, the vast majority of efforts by States to address relevant systems focus by and large on weapons, means, and methods of warfare. Partly as a result, the broad spectrum of other far-reaching applications is rarely brought into view. One normatively grounded way to help identify and address relevant issues is to elaborate pathways that States, international organizations, non-state parties to armed conflict, and others may pursue to help secure greater respect for international law. In this commentary, I elaborate on three such pathways: forming and publicly expressing positions on key legal issues, taking measures relative to their own conduct, and taking steps relative to the behavior of others. None of these pathways is sufficient in itself, and there are no doubt many others that ought to be pursued. But each of the identified tracks is arguably necessary to ensure that international law is — or becomes — fit for purpose. By forming and publicly expressing positions on relevant legal issues, international actors may help clarify existing legal parameters, pinpoint salient enduring and emerging issues, and detect areas of convergence and divergence. Elaborating legal views may also help foster greater trust among current and potential adversaries. To be sure, in recent years, States have already fashioned hundreds of statements on autonomous weapons. Yet positions on other application areas are much more difficult to find. Further, forming and publicly expressing views on legal issues that span thematic and functional areas arguably may help States and others overcome the current normative stalemate on autonomous weapons. Doing so may also help identify — and allocate due attention and resources to — additional salient thematic and functional areas. Therefore, I raise a handful of cross-domain issues for consideration. These issues touch on things like exercising human agency, reposing legally mandated evaluative decisions in natural persons, and committing to engage only in scrutable conduct. International actors may also take measures relative to their own conduct. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline several such existing measures. In doing so, I invite readers to inventory and peruse these types of steps in order to assess whether the nature or character of increasingly complex socio-technical systems reliant upon war algorithms and data may warrant revitalized commitments or adjustments to existing measures — or, perhaps, development of new ones. I outline things like enacting legislation necessary to prosecute alleged perpetrators of grave breaches, making legal advisers available to the armed forces, and taking steps to prevent abuses of the emblem. Finally, international actors may take measures relative to the conduct of others. To help illustrate this pathway, I outline some of the existing steps that other States, international organizations, and non-state parties may take to help secure respect for the law by those undertaking the conduct. These measures may include things like addressing matters of legal compliance by exerting diplomatic pressure, resorting to penal sanctions to repress violations, conditioning or refusing arms transfers, and monitoring the fate of transferred detainees. Concerning military partnerships in particular, I highlight steps such as conditioning joint operations on a partner’s compliance with the law, planning operations jointly in order to prevent violations, and opting out of specific operations if there is an expectation that the operations would violate applicable law. Some themes and commitments cut across these three pathways. Arguably, respect for the law turns in no small part on whether natural persons can and will foresee, understand, administer, and trace the components, behaviors, and effects of relevant systems. It may be advisable, moreover, to institute ongoing cross-disciplinary education and training as well as the provision of sufficient technical facilities for all relevant actors, from commanders to legal advisers to prosecutors to judges. Further, it may be prudent to establish ongoing monitoring of others’ technical capabilities. Finally, it may be warranted for relevant international actors to pledge to engage, and to call upon others to engage, only in armed-conflict-related conduct that is sufficiently attributable, discernable, and scrutable.
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Richardson, Jeremy, Eric Dixon, and Ted Boettner. Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment. Union of Concerned Scientists, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.12306.

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Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
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Richardson, Jeremy, Eric Dixon, and Ted Boettner. Repairing the damage: cleaning up hazardous coal ash can create jobs and improve the environment. Union of Concerned Scientists, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47923/2021.14314.

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Although coal has powered the nation for generations and today offers well-paying jobs—often the best opportunities in more rural areas—coal negatively affects human health and the environment at every point in its life cycle: when it is mined, processed, transported, burned, and discarded (Freese, Clemmer, and Nogee 2008). Local communities— often low-income communities and/or communities of color—have for decades borne the brunt of these negative impacts, including air pollution, water pollution, and work- place injuries, illnesses, and fatalities.
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Albertson, Eric J. Human Life and American Values Projection. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada589041.

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