Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Law – Economic aspects'
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Russell, Phillip Byron. "Law and economics : an economic and legal analysis of US antitrust." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29530.
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Chang, Philip Se-Hun. "Sociological economic analysis of law : a theoretical framework for understanding the correlative aspects of law and economics." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.429552.
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Jarumai, Cyril Joshua. "Some aspects of modern Irish law." Thesis, National Aviation University, 2021. https://er.nau.edu.ua/handle/NAU/48765.
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By the early 21st Century further amendment to the Constitution has been necessitated by Ireland’s membership of the European Union, which has involved the cession of a degree of sovereignty and the subordination of national law to European law. A significant amendment was effected pursuant to the Good Friday Agreement, when Ireland removed its territorial claim to Northern Ireland and replaced it with the principle of unity by consent.Today’s Irish law due to the pandemic conditions of its development is on
the way to its own improvement to regulate social relations effectively and protect the interests of their participants.
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Addo, M. K. "The implications for some aspects of contemporary international economic law of international human rights law." Thesis, University of Essex, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378354.
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Maniatis, Spyros M. "The communicative aspects of trade marks : a legal, functional and economic analysis." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1998. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1659.
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The Ph.D. thesis looks extensively at the history and functions of trade marks and attempts to outline a theory for trade mark protection established on their communicative aspects. The second chapter is a historical note which looks at trade marks as traces of history and sets the grounds for a functional analysis. The third chapter deals with the proprietary aspects of trade marks, seeking to establish a theoretical deontological argument for their legal protection. The functional analysis of trade marks concentrates on their contemporary role as a fiat of information between marketers, consumers and competitors. The economic analysis is developed around the dualistic nature of trade marks, being on the one hand an essential prerequisite for competition and on the other a potentially perpetual monopoly. The balance between the two as depicted by their legal protection is being continuously re-established. The main object of this thesis is to show that it is the nature of trade marks as a multidirectional system of exchange of information that must form the basis for their protection.
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Blomley, N. K. "Retail law at the urban and national levels : Geographical aspects of the operation and possible amendment of the Shops Act (1950)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373823.
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Bial, Joseph J. 1969. "Theoretical and empirical examination of decentralized environmental regulation." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191225.
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This dissertation closely examines the merits, weaknesses, and potential of decentralized environmental regulation. I examine three areas of particular concern in the structure of environmental regulation. In the first chapter, I examine how information problems resulting from incorrectly specified atmospheric models are likely to affect economic efficiency in a permit market. While permit markets have been heralded as a promising solution for controlling environmentally damaging emissions, there is no formal research linking the atmospheric model, which directly affects permit prices, with economic outcomes. In the chapter, I develop a generalized theoretical model that demonstrates the problems that are likely to arise when there is uncertainty in the underlying atmospheric parameter estimates. As it turns out, permit markets operating with incorrectly specified atmospheric models may result in large losses in economic efficiency, even if the permit market is operating ideally in an economic sense. The second chapter analyzes a much broader issue, that of state versus federal environmental regulation. The chapter focuses on the methods used by states attempting to control interstate water pollution in the Ohio Valley in the early 1900s. The time period was chosen to predate federal intervention into environmental regulation and, hence, allows for a clean test of how states might be expected to address difficult pollution problems under a system of state regulation. Using a simple game theoretic model, the paper explores interstate water pollution control compacts and their uses in addressing interstate water pollution. I find that states were able to overcome significant bargaining difficulties in formulating the compacts, which ultimately led to effective control of interstate water pollution. The final chapter focuses on voluntary overcompliance by firms facing environmental standards. The paper models environmental regulation according to the EPA's Best Available Control Technology (BACT). The model predicts voluntary overcompliance by firms as they attempt to raise the (endogenous) environmental standard and, in the process, raise their rivals' costs. The paper also demonstrates the merits of nonuniform environmental standards. In attempting to elicit efficient levels of R&D investment, the regulatory authority may discourage socially wasteful overinvestment in pollution technology through the use of nonuniform standards.
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Barros, Paulo Berti de Azevedo 1973. "Organização de pesquisa em bioenergia : propriedade intelectual e desenho organizacional no programa BIOEN." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286413.
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Orientador: José Maria Ferreira Jardim da SilveiraTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T22:05:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barros_PauloBertideAzevedo_D.pdf: 1986087 bytes, checksum: 435fa35b6418ac43b4217dae2acdd720 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014
Resumo: O Programa de bioenergia (BIOEN) criado em 2008 pela Fapesp, teve por propósito estabelecer uma linha de financiamento para pesquisa científico-tecnológica no setor de bioenergia, em especial da proveniente da cana-de-açúcar. Essa proposta exige para o seu sucesso uma articulação adequada entre a universidade e as necessidades de avanço tecnológico demandadas e a serem incorporadas pelas empresas. Nesse contexto as questões de propriedade intelectual e novos modelos de gestão de pesquisa ganham importância. Esta tese visa analisar mudanças no desenho organizacional em laboratórios e grupos de pesquisa financiados pelo BIOEN e analisar nesses projetos questões de propriedade intelectual sob a perspectiva da economia política do direito de propriedade. Para atingir estes objetivos foi realizado um estudo com a aplicação de questionário e entrevistas a 43 líderes de projetos financiados pelo BIOEN. Os métodos de coleta de dados combinaram abordagens quantitativas e qualitativas. O questionário incluiu questões que abrangiam vários tópicos: caracterização geral do laboratório e dos recursos humanos; fonte de financiamento e compartilhamento dos equipamentos mais caros; impacto do programa BIOEN, segundo a percepção dos líderes em vários aspectos físicos e organizacionais dos laboratórios; avaliação dos líderes quanto à missão do BIOEN e ao sucesso do programa em relação a vários aspectos, inclusive quanto ao envolvimento de empresas; percepção dos líderes quanto a questões referentes à propriedade intelectual e a liberdade para operar e avaliação destes pesquisadores quanto aos riscos e restrições para o desenvolvimento de seus projetos. Os resultados apontaram que nos laboratórios financiados 52,9% dos técnicos, 58% dos alunos de pós-graduação e 61,4% dos pós-doc estão vinculados diretamente ao projeto do BIOEN; 38,9% dos equipamentos mais caros desses laboratórios foram financiados pelo BIOEN e que 63,9% dos equipamentos são compartilhados com outros grupos de pesquisa da mesma ou de outra instituição; o programa, segundo os líderes, influenciou pouco a área física, mas teve impacto importante na ampliação de colaborações, na modernização de equipamentos e no potencial de produção; apenas 16% dos líderes concordam plenamente que as parcerias entre os laboratórios acadêmicos e de industrias estão ocorrendo no âmbito do BIOEN, mas 80% deles concordam plenamente que essa parceria é importante; a maioria (71%) concorda que o programa BIOEN está sendo bem sucedidos quanto à produção científica e tecnológica. Quanto às questões de propriedade intelectual, 61% dos líderes relataram pretender solicitar patente com os resultados do projeto, e 5 (11,6%) pesquisadores já haviam passado por terem tido negado material que haviam solicitado, e 11(25,6%)já haviam assinado algum Acordo de transferência de material, sendo que 54% dos líderes já haviam prestado assessorias a empresas. As entrevistas revelaram as dificuldades dos pesquisadores em patentear seus resultados, e que o interesse e o uso dos resultados pelo setor privado está aquém do esperado e a maioria concorda que a prática científica que desenvolvem é adequadamente aplicada ao setor. Portanto, uma governança voltada para conciliação dos diversos interesses - acadêmicos, do setor público e privado ¿ pode promover a integração necessária e fortalecer ainda mais o já bem sucedido setor sucroenergético brasileiro
Abstract: The Bioenergy Program (BIOEN) created in 2008 by FAPESP , had the purpose to establish a scientific- technological research division funding in the bioenergy sector, in particular from the cane sugar biomass. This Program requires for its success a proper link between the university, the needs and demands for technological advances being incorporated by the companies. In this context the issues of intellectual property and new management models in research practices gain importance. This thesis aims to analyze changes in the organizational design of laboratories and research groups financed by BIOEN t and analyze intellectual property issues from the perspective of the political economy of property right. To achieve these objectives was conducted a field study with the use of questionnaire and interviews with 43 research leaders funded by BIOEN. The method of data collection was a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The questionnaire included questions covering various topics: general characterization of laboratory and human resources ; the source of funding and sharing of expensive equipment; the impact of BIOEN program , as perceived by research leaders in various physical and organizational aspects of the laboratories; evaluation of leaders about the BIOEN mission and the success of the program in many respects, including the enrolment of companies; perception of the leaders on issues relating to intellectual property and freedom to operate and perception of these researchers to the risks and constraints in the development of their projects . The results showed that in 52.9 % funded laboratory technicians , 58 % of students graduate and 61.4% of the post-doc are linked directly to the BIOEN project; 38.9% of the most expensive equipment of these laboratories were funded by BIOEN and 63.9% of the facilities are shared with other research groups in the same institution or another; the program , according to the leaders , had little influence on physical area, but had an important impact on the increase of collaborations, modernization of equipment and production potential; only 16% of leaders strongly agree that partnerships between the academic and industrial laboratories are occurring within the BIOEN , but 80% of them strongly agree that this partnership is important; the majority (71%) agree that BIOEN program is successful in scientific and technological production. The questions on intellectual property, 61% of leaders reported they would like to issue patent applications, and 5 (11.6%) researchers had in one occasion denied material that had been requested, and 11 (25.6%) had signed a material transfer agreement, and 54% of leaders had provided consulting services to companies .The interviews revealed the difficulties that researchers have to patent their findings, and that the use of the results are of private sector interest and by this is less than expected the sector interest and most agree that the scientific practice is properly applied to develop the sector .Thus, a governance aimed at reconciling the various interests - academic, public and private sector - can promote the necessary integration and further strengthen the already successful Brazilian sugarcane industry
Doutorado
Teoria Economica
Doutor em Ciências Econômicas
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Fernández-Briseño, Raúl. "Legal aspects of telecommunication satellites operation and financing." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=19641.
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Over the last years the demand for satellite communication services has been increased. Global and domestic regulatory developments and support, as well as the emerge of new services, have facilitated launcMng capabilities and reduced the costs of manufacturing, launching and operating the satellites. Financing the telecommunication satellite systems is one of the most relevant issues that prospective satellite operators face on these days. Mstitutional lenders require adequate legal advise in order to properly instrument multimillion transactions where securitization is not enough clear and risks are extremely Mgh. TMs work analyzes the most important sources of financing of telecommunication satellites and the most adequate legal structures and methods based in legislation, legal cases, jurisprudence, doctrine, and legal practice.
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Hinterseer, Kristopher John Paul. "Financial secrecy and the law : an enquiry into the legal aspects of money laundering in a political-economic context." Thesis, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274862.
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Girvan, P. F. "The one and the many : aspects of rationality and relativism in moral, political and economic contexts." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390888.
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Grattan, Donald Scott Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "The logos of land: economic and proprietarian conceptions of statutory access rights." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Law, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24368.
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Legislation in various jurisdictions alters the common law right to control access to one???s land by allowing the imposition of rights of access in favour of one landowner over the land of another. The relevant legislation can be divided into two categories. The first-generation legislation (s 88K, Conveyancing Act 1919 (NSW) and s 180, Property Law Act 1974 (Qld)) permits the creation of easements over servient land to facilitate the development of dominant land. The second-generation legislation (the Access to Neighbouring Land Act of New South Wales, Tasmania and the United Kingdom) permits the creation of temporary rights of access over servient land to facilitate work on dominant land. This thesis examines the extent to which this change in the law can be justified by three modes of ethical discourse: right-based, duty-based, and goal-based reasoning. An examination of the first-generation legislation and the cases in which it has been applied suggests that a form of goal-based reasoning can be used to justify its enactment. The legislation is needed to facilitate the efficient use of land where the existence of a bilateral monopoly and the possibility of strategic bargaining puts at risk the conclusion of a mutually beneficial agreement regarding access. A review of the second-generation legislation and the law reform reports and parliamentary debate that preceded its enactment indicates that the legislation can be justified by a form of duty-based reasoning. The legislation is needed to bring about a proper social ordering by imposing access rights where this would be consistent with the ideal of good neighbourliness. The thesis concludes that although these goal-based and duty-based discourses make an arguable case for the enactment of both generations of the legislation, neither of them, in an unadulterated form, provides a conclusive justification. Rather, an eclectic approach that draws on both discourses is required. It proposes that the legislation???s compensation provisions be amended to reflect the commingling of the ideas of efficiency, a properly ordered society and intensive land use, and to allow the servient owner to share in the benefits generated by the imposition of access.
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Sorkhab, A. H. N. "Legal aspects of EEC's external relations : With particular reference to bilateral trade and economic co-operation agreements with the developing countries." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354258.
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Seifert, Jacob. "Essays in competition policy, innovation and banking regulation." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/9456.
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This thesis investigates the optimal enforcement of competition policy in innovative industries and in the banking sector. Chapter 2 analyses the welfare impact of compulsory licensing in the context of unilateral refusals to license intellectual property. When the risk-free rate is low, compulsory licensing is shown unambiguously to increase consumer surplus. Compulsory licensing has an ambiguous effect on total welfare, but is more likely to increase total welfare in industries that are naturally less competitive. Compulsory licensing is also shown to be an effective policy to protect competition per se. The chapter also demonstrates the robustness of these results to alternative settings of R&D competition. Chapter 3 develops a much more general framework for the study of optimal competition policy enforcement in innovative industries. A major contribution of this chapter is to separate carefully a firm's decision to innovate from its decision to take some generic anti-competitive action. This allows us to differentiate between firms' counterfactual behaviour, according to whether or not they would have innovated in the absence of any potentially anti-competitive conduct. In contrast to the existing literature, it is shown that the stringency of optimal policy will be harsher towards firms that have innovated in addition to taking a given anticompetitive action. Chapter 4 develops a framework for competition policy in the banking sector, which takes explicit account of capital regulation. In particular, conditions are derived under which increases in the capital requirement increase the incentives of banks to engage in a generic abuse of dominance in the loan market, and to exploit depositors through the sale of ancillary financial products. Thus the central contribution of this chapter is to clarify the conditions under which stability-focused capital regulation conflicts with competition and consumer protection policy in the banking sector.
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Zhou, Jia Lei. "EU water law : the right balance between environmental and economic considerations?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637070.
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Duruigbo, Emeka Alexander. "Environmental aspects of international oil trade and shipping, business ethics and economic cooperation as compliance tools in international law." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ34443.pdf.
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Yeukai, Chandaengerwa. "Trade promotion vs the environment: Inevitable conflict." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study unveiled the trade-environment debate which has been revolving in the World Trade Organization for quite a long time now. While economic integration and trade liberalization offer the promise of growth and prosperity, environmentalists fear that free trade will lead to increased pollution and resource depletion. On the other hand, free traders worry that over-reaching environmental policies will obstruct efforts to open markets and integrate economies around the world. Trade liberalization has the potential to affect the environment both positively and negatively. Trade and environment tensions have therefore emerged as a major issue in the debate over globalisation. This paper examined the contours of these tensions and argued that trade policy and environmental programs can be better integrated and made more mutually supportive.
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Gabriano, Gina. "The Determinants of Federal Spending for the Administration of Justice." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1998. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279395/.
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This study develops and empirically tests a model of the determinants of federal spending for crime-fighting policies. An inter-disciplinary approach to building the model is utilized that merges ideas from budgeting, policy analysis and criminology. Four factors hypothesized to impact federal spending for the administration of justice are operationalized as eight variables and tested using ordinary least squares regression analysis on time series data. The factors hypothesized to impact federal spending in this area are economic constraints imposed on government spending, the ideological makeup of Congress and the president, the actual crime rate, and the public's attitude toward crime. Five of the eight variables demonstrated statistical significance at the.10 level or better.
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Matemba, Edward. "Adverse welfare effects of regulations on small tobacco exporters: the case of Zimbabwe." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Regulations to reduce the consumption of tobacco products have dual effects on economies. Economies that are net consumers of tobacco products experience welfare enhancing effects as a result of these regulations. However, these regulations can have adverse welfare effects among net producing economies. Many studies have explored these welfare effects on net consuming economies, whereas the impacts among net producing economies have been neglected. This research paper examined the adverse welfare effects of smoking regulations on small tobacco exporting economies with, a comparative advantage in tobacco production.
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Chirwa, Danwood Mzikenge. "Towards binding economic, social and cultural rights obligations of non-state actors in international and domestic law: a critical survey of emerging norms." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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This study argued that the issue of non-state actors requires a comprehensive response that includes the recognition of both non-binding and binding human rights obligations of these actors. It examined critically the emerging norms on voluntary obligations, state responsibility, and direct responsibility of these actors with regard to human rights at both international and domestic levels.
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Swart, Sarah Jean. "Unaccompanied minor refugees and the protection of their socio-economic rights under human rights law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/8093.
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The main objective of this study is to investigate the practical treatment of Unaccompanied Minor Refugees (UMR) in Ghana and South Africa, and to explore whether such treatment is in accordance with existing international norms and standards for the protection of refugee children.
The study will focus on the realisation of children’s socio-economic rights in order to measure treatment. This study also seeks to address the obstacles which prevent the full and proper treatment of UMR, and to make recommendations as to how the international community can better regulate the treatment of UMR. In essence, this paper aims to investigate whether there is a discrepancy between the rights of child refugees acknowledged in international law and the situation of UMR in practice, and, if so, how this can be remedied. This paper seeks to show, through the case studies of Ghana and South Africa, that UMR are, to a certain extent, lost in the systemA Dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr E.Y. Benneh of the Faculty of Law, University of Ghana, Legon
http://www.chr.up.ac.za/
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
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Williamson, Quintus. "Partner compensation and profit share models in law firms : a new approach." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80779.
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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2006.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: A, sometimes, very controversial concern in any professional service firm across the globe, be it a law firm, accounting practice or consulting engineering firm, is how to construct an equitable, performance-based reward system for executives and professional partners. This study project will address those key issues that affects partner compensation and profit sharing decisions within professional law firms on a daily basis, by establishing which factors influence the current and future legal environment as well as the factors which drive the decision making process when selecting a partner compensation system for a specific law firm, regardless of size and legal focus. This study project also establish which partner compensation systems are currently available and frequently being used by several law firms across the globe, by investigating and analysing their intrinsic features and operations. A total of eleven compensation systems have been identified and will be reported on. This includes the different lockstep models, the merit or performance–based model (also referred to as the discretionary model), the peer-review system as well as other least frequently used systems like the equal partnership, ownership percentage model, 50/50 subjective-objective system, the modified “Hale and Dorr”, simple unit and the team building systems. The study project, by focussing on the operations of a specifically selected South African law firm, will furthermore investigate what effects a possible firm-wide approach to profit sharing, instead of the traditional partner / owner profit sharing systems, might have on the overall operation and / or performance of a law firm. Several performance appraisal concepts and general remuneration principles will be addressed which forms the backbone of this firm-wide approach and which are the key issues to effectively evaluate a person’s overall performance and contributions to a firm – those elements that should be aligned with your firm’s remuneration system. In essence, the aim of this study project is to establish an information resource base on partner compensation and profit share models in law firms, to establish the viability of introducing a firm-wide approach as alternative to the traditional partner-only profit sharing models, to establish a formal framework and model for firm-wide profit sharing for the selected South African law firm and ultimately presenting an effective decision making tool and concept document when selecting a fair and equitable remuneration system for your legal practice.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Een van die mees kontroversiële aspekte in professionele dienste firmas wêreldwyd, hetsy binne ‘n regsfirma, rekeningkundige praktyk of konsulteringsfirma, is hoe om uitvoerende bestuur en professionele vennote op gelyke voet te vergoed gebaseer op hulle werklike algehele prestasie. Hierdie werkstuk sal daardie kern aspekte adresseer wat vennote vergoeding- en winsdelingstelsel besluite, binne regsfirmas, op ‘n daaglikse basis affekteer deur die lewensvatbare faktore te identifiseer wat die huidige en toekomstige regsomgewing sal beïnvloed, asook daardie faktore wat die besluitnemingsproses dryf wanneer dit kom by die keuse van ‘n vennote vergoedingstelsel vir ‘n spesifieke regsfirma, ongeag die relatiewe grootte en fokus van die regsfirma. Hierdie werkstuk sal verder vasstel watter vennote vergoedingstelsels tans op ‘n gereelde basis gebruik word deur regsfirmas wêreldwyd, deur ondersoek in te stel na die verskillende stelsels se inherente eienskappe en operasionele werking. Elf vennote vergoedingstelsels word in hierdie studie bespreek. Dit sluit in die verskillende tipe “Lockstep” modelle, die prestasie-meriete gebasseerde modelle, die “peer-review” model asook ander modelle wat minder konsekwent toegepas en aangewend word soos die gelyke vennootskap model, die eienaarskap persentasie model, die 50/50 subjektiewe-objektiewe model, die aangepaste “Hale and Dorr”, die “simple unit” en spanbou modelle. Die werkstuk, deur spesifiek te fokus op die werksaamhede van ‘n spesifieke Suid-Afrikaanse regsfirma, sal ook die effek van ‘n moontlike firma-wye benadering tot winsdeling ondersoek, in teenstelling met die tradisionele benadering van net uitvoerende bestuur wat kan deel in die wins, en sal fokus op die invloed van so ‘n stelsel op die algehele werksaamhede en prestasies van ‘n tipiese regsfirma. Verskeie konsepte van prestasie meting, asook die algemene beginsels van vergoeding word aangespreek wat die fondamente vorm van so ‘n firma-wye benadering – dus daardie kern aspekte wat effektiewe prestasie meting verteenwoordig en wat in lyn gebring moet word met die firma se gekose vergoedingstelsel. Die doel van hierdie werkstuk is dus om ‘n inligtingsdatabasis oor vennote vergoeding- en winsdelingstelsels in regsfirmas te vestig, om vas te stel of daar moontlike potensiaal daarin is om ‘n firma-wye benadering te ontwikkel as alternatief vir die tradisionele modelle waar net uitvoerende bestuur of eienaars deel in die winste, en vervolgens om ‘n formele raamwerk en model vir firma-wye winsdeling te ontwerp om moontlik geimplementeer te word in die spesifieke regsfirma wat ondersoek word. Die werkstuk sal dus dien as ‘n effektiewe besluitnemings- hulpbron wanneer daar op ‘n spesifieke vergoedingstelsel vir jou regsfirma besluit moet word.
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Wang, Jia. "Copyright : rebalancing the public and private interests in the areas of education and research." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/85834.
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Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.The general public should have wide access to copyrighted materials for education and research. However, since the current copyright law system subtly favors copyright holders, it is time to re-evaluate copyright law to ensure it meets its original purpose of promoting the learning of the society. The research primarily focuses on how to broaden copyright limitations and exceptions for the public to access and use learning materials. Within the framework of the copyright law system, other mechanisms that allow users to access copyrighted materials at a reasonable price also are considered. Such mechanisms include an efficient collective copyright management system and various licensing schemes. In an information network environment, it is time for developing countries to reform copyright law in order to promote education and research. It is hoped the findings of this study not only benefit South Africa and People's Republic of China, but also provide insights and guidelines to other developing countries with similar conditions.
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Du, Plessis Marthinus Johannes. "The international political economy of the Cartagena Protocol on biosafety." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52543.
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Thesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The development of the global biotechnology industry largely coincided with the development of the US biotechnology industry. This resulted in this industry's oligopolistic and centralised nature where only a few multinational chemical and pharmaceutical companies control most biotechnology processes and production of commodities emanating from these processes. The governance of biotechnology has, until recently, been dominated by state actors who have endeavoured to secure national interests, including those of large multinational corporations (MNCs) based within their boundaries. The technological ability of developed states to exploit and use unevenly distributed resources to their advantage means that an uneven relationship exists between these and poor developing countries. This has been highlighted by differences in public opinion about the role and application of biotechnology in society. While some opinions favour the use and application of biotechnology to enhance food supplies and boost production levels and trade, other opinions caution against the possible hazards that genetically manipulated organisms (GMOs) hold for the environment and human existence. The commercialisation of biotechnology has resulted in the exponential growth of genetically manipulated crops in especially the United States and countries like Argentina and Canada. These countries produce large surpluses of staple grains such as corn and soya and try to sell these to countries with food supply problems. The clash in commercial interests stemming from developed countries' insistence on the protection of intellectual property rights (IPR) on genetically manipulated (GM) seeds has caused considerable conflict with poor farmers who will not be able to sustain their livelihoods if they cannot save seeds for future harvests. This is one aspect of the problems surrounding the protection of knowledge products that is exacerbated by the scientific uncertainty pertaining to the risk involved with biotechnology. While some observers agitate for precaution with the use of GMOs, others feel that a lack of scientific proof of harm is sufficient grounds for proceeding with developments in biotechnology. Conversely, there are some that feel that biotechnology is market driven instead of human needs driven, ultimately resulting in developing countries receiving very little benefit from it. The Cartagena Protocol on biosafety was drafted to address some of the difficulties involved with the transboundary movement of GMOs. Although it holds very specific advantages for developing countries, as a regulatory framework it is limited in its scope and application. Developing countries are limited in their policy options to address their need to protect biodiversity and secure their food supply. This means that considerable challenges and constraints await these countries in utilising global governance of public goods and building their human and technological capacities.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die ontwikkeling van die globale biotegnologie-industrie het grootliks saamgeval met die ontwikkeling van die Verenigde State se biotegnologie-industrie. Dit het aanleiding gegee tot hierdie industrie se oligopolistiese en gesentraliseerde aard waar slegs enkele multinasionale chemiese en farmaseutiese maatskappye die meeste biotegnologie prosesse en die vervaardiging van kommoditeite uit daardie prosesse beheer. Die regering van biotegnologie was tot onlangs oorheers deur staatsakteurs wie gepoog het om nasionale belange te beskerm, insluitend die belange van multinasionale korporasies (MNK) wat vanuit hulle grondgebied funksioneer. Die tegnologiese vermoë van ontwikkelde state om oneweredig verspreide hulpbronne tot eie gewin te benut beteken dat 'n ongelyke verhouding bestaan tussen hierdie en arm ontwikkelende state. Dit word beklemtoon deur verskille in openbare mening oor die rol en aanwending van biotegnologie in die samelewing. Terwyl sekere opinies ten gunste van die aanwending van biotegnologie vir die verbetering van voedselbronne en produksievlakke en handel is, dui ander opinies op die moontlike gevare wat geneties gemanipuleerde organismes (GMOs) vir die omgewing en menslike voortbestaan inhou. Die kommersialisering van biotegnologie het gelei tot die eksponensiële groei van geneties gemanipuleerde gewasse in veral die Verenigde State en state soos Argentinië en Kanada. Hierdie state produseer groot hoeveelhede stapelgrane soos mielies en soja en poog om dit te verkoop aan state met voedselvoorsieningsprobleme. Die botsing in kommersiële belange wat spruit uit ontwikkelde state se aandrang op die beskerming van intellektuele eiendomsreg op geneties gemanipuleerde saad veroorsaak beduidende konflik met arm landbouers wie nie hulle lewensonderhoud kan verseker as hulle nie saad kan berg vir toekomstige saaiseisoene nie. Dit is een aspek van die problematiek rondom die beskerming van kennisprodukte wat vererger word deur die wetenskaplike onsekerheid wat gepaard gaan met die risiko's van biotegnologie. Terwyl sekere waarnemers vir waaksaamheid pleit in die gebruik van GMOs, is daar ander wat voel dat 'n gebrek aan wetenskaplike bewyse van skade genoegsame gronde is vir die voortsetting van ontwikkelings in biotegnologie. Insgelyks is daar diegene wat meen dat biotegnologie markgedrewe in plaas van menslike behoefte gedrewe is, wat uiteindelik daartoe lei dat ontwikkelende state baie min voordeel daaruit trek. Die Kartagena Protokoloor bioveiligheid is opgestel om van die probleme betrokke by die oorgrens verskuiwing van GMOs aan te spreek. Hoewel dit spesifieke voordele vir ontikkelende state inhou is dit as reguleringsraamwerk beperk in omvang en aanwending. Ontwikkelende state het beperkte beleidsopsies om hulle behoefte om biodiversiteit te beskerm en voedselvoorsiening te verseker, aan te spreek. Dit beteken dat beduidende uitdagings en beperkings hierdie state in die benutting van globale regering van openbare goedere vir die bou van menslike en tegnologiese kapasiteite in die gesig staar.
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Simard, Caroline J. 1971. "Le principe réglementaire de neutralité techno-économique comme outil instrumentant des réseaux de nouvelle génération /." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115655.
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This thesis defends the importance of a standardized designation for the principle of technological neutrality pertaining to the Next-Generation Network (NGN) migration within a competition regime. Renaming this as the principle of techno-economic neutrality would clearly demarcate its role as promoter of inter-technological competition as well as justify the necessity of grouping the three regulatory principles of technological neutrality, competition neutrality, and network neutrality followed by their integration into the World Trade Organisation (WTO) Reference Paper. The first part introduces the theoretical foundations to better define what it is and what it is not; the principle of techno-economic neutrality supports neither a total state non-intervention nor a progress reduced to a technical progress. The second part describes the parameters of the unanimous definition of the regulatory principle of techno-economic neutrality for the information and communication sectors considering competition and convergence. The triplets of neutrality would offer two guaranties: a regulatory burden balanced between the different suppliers of substitutable services and the emergence of an information and communication society protective of democratic values.Mots-cles: Neutralite technologique, neutralite de la concurrence, neutralite de reseau, concurrence, convergence, technologies de l'information et de la communication, telecommunications, radiodiffusion, progres, progres technique, progres social, Organisation mondiale du commerce, OMC, Document de reference, reseaux de nouvelle generation, societe de l'information et de la communications, determinisme, interactionnisme, regulation, principe reglementaire, cadre reglementaire, reforme reglementaire, droit des telecommunications, droit des communications, droit des technologies de l'information et de la communication
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Li, Yan Ting. "Seeking the balance between trade liberalization and cultural diversity in the framework of WTO and UNESCO :some suggestions to China." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580115.
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Grout, Elwin Edward. "The Impact of the Donation Land Law Upon the Development of Oregon." PDXScholar, 1994. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4841.
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The social and economic structure of Oregon was influenced by the Donation Land Law. The Congressional law conferred upon early settlers to Oregon 320 acres, 640 if married (and settled before December 1, 1850). Oregon attracted settlers who desired land and were uninterested in commercial agriculture. The Oregon settlers who took advantage of the law were in a position to create their own society and economy. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the social and economic structure created by the Donation Land pioneers and to identify their land disposition strategy. This thesis examined the fifty households that comprised the neighborhood of Fabritus R. Smith. The neighborhood is defined as the fifty households with whom Smith dealt in 1854 and 1855. The neighborhood of the 1850s was a communally based society in which production was geared for household consumption, not commercial purposes. Settlers exchanged goods locally on a market that functioned on the basis of barter and a personal monetary system. The progression of time brought changes to the social and economic structure. Lineal families working for themselves replaced nuclear families working in community as a productive force. Salem's growth, and the rise of a cash economy replaced exchange among households. Donation Land pioneers who deeded land to their children created the lineal family structure of society. The production of the lineal family remained geared for household consumption, not commercial purposes. The farmers of the second generation did not change their objective, only their strategy to meet the new economy. Two additional strategies were identified. Some Donation Land pioneers disposed of their land and used the money to pursue other ventures outside Oregon. Other Donation Land pioneers sold their land and moved to Salem.
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Perri, Cláudia Haidamus. "Aplicação da teoria do inadimplemento eficiente aos contratos nacionais." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20120.
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This paper discusses the American theory of “efficient breach of contract”, long acclaimed by mentors of the “Law and Economics” movement. After a brief digression to recall the origins of Common Law and Civil Law in order to provide a clear view of the converging and diverging points between both systems, we will present our understanding about how the hybridization of such systems occurs in current Brazilian Law. We will then move on to the general theory of contracts under Brazilian law as applied to business contracts, that is, the general theory of contracts from a socioeconomic perspective. We will approach the dialog between the principles that govern civil and business relationships, with the aim of demonstrating that there are differences that should be taken into consideration in order to consolidate an economically strong, stable society that ensures a firm legal basis for contractual transactions. After showing how the American contract law system focuses on the economic objective of contracts, we will, by means of a comparative study, approach the consequences of breaches of contract (and the effects thereof) under both systems. Afterwards, we will explain the theory of efficient breach of contract, notably under American contract law, looking at a series of cultural impediments and jurists” opinions that hinder the path for its recognition in the courts and in the academic world within Civil Law jurisdictions, which are less inclined to accept the applicability and development of the “efficient breach of contract” principle than is the American law. By identifying and discussing such impediments and difficulties (based on other Civil Law jurisdictions where this topic has already been subjected to debate), we will try to demonstrate that the economists” views and the views of legal scholars specializing in comparative law are able to find common ground, interact, and accept this (highly polemic) theory in our country. The study of contract law under the light of the “Law and Economics” movement implies bringing under debate one more hermeneutical tool from amongst the many others that exist
No presente trabalho avaliaremos a teoria americana da denominada “quebra eficiente dos contratos”, há muito proclamada pelos mentores do movimento “Law and Economics”. Faremos uma breve digressão sobre as origens do “Common Law” e do “Civil Law” para oferecer uma visão sobre os pontos de convergência e de distanciamento entre os sistemas, a fim de compreendermos como se dá, na atualidade, a hibridização desses sistemas no Direito Brasileiro. Apresentaremos a teoria geral dos contratos no direito brasileiro aplicada aos contratos empresariais, ou seja, a teoria geral dos contratos sob a ótica socioeconômica. Cuidaremos do diálogo entre os princípios que regem as relações civis e as empresarias, com a finalidade de demonstrarmos que há diferenças a serem consideradas para a consolidação de uma sociedade economicamente forte, mais estável e com maior segurança jurídica nas contratações. Trataremos do sistema contratual norte-americano, demonstrando a preocupação que existe naquele país com a finalidade econômica dos contratos, e, em seguida, comparativamente, abordaremos as consequências do inadimplemento contratual (e seus efeitos) nos dois sistemas. Após esse estudo, exporemos o que vem a ser a teoria da quebra eficiente dos contratos, eminentemente norte-americana, enfrentando uma série de impedimentos culturais e doutrinários que se interpõem no caminho do reconhecimento judicial e acadêmico da teoria nas jurisdições de “Civil Law”, que são menos favoráveis a aceitar a aplicação e desenvolvimento da doutrina da “quebra eficiente do contrato” do que a lei americana o é. Ao identificarmos e discutirmos esses impedimentos e dificuldades (valendo-nos de outras jurisdições de “Civil Law” onde já se teve a oportunidade de debater o tema), procuraremos demonstrar que a visão dos economistas e comparatistas jurídicos tem condições de dialogar, interagir e recepcionar a (tão polêmica) teoria em nosso país. O estudo dos contratos à luz da “Law and Economics” implica em trazer ao debate mais uma dentre tantas ferramentas hermenêuticas
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Beardsell, Michael G. "Decreasing the cost of hauling timber through increased payload." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53617.
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The potential for decreasing timber transportation costs in the South by increasing truck payloads was investigated using a combination of theoretical and case-study methods. A survey of transportation regulations in the South found considerable disparities between states. Attempts to model the factors which determine payload per unit of bunk area and load center of gravity location met with only moderate success, but illustrated the difficulties loggers experience in estimating gross and axle weights in the woods. A method was developed for evaluating the impact of Federal Bridge Formula axle weight constraints on the payloads of tractor-trailers with varying dimensions and axle configurations.
Analysis of scalehouse data found log truck gross weights lower on average than the legal maximum but also highly variable. Eliminating both overloading and underloading would result in an increase in average payload, reduced overweight lines, and improved public relations. Tractor-trailer tare weights were also highly variable indicating potential for increasing payload by using lightweight equipment.
Recommendations focused first on taking steps to keep GVW’s within a narrow range around the legal maximum by adopting alternative loading strategies, improving GVW estimation, and using scalehouse data as a management tool. When this goal is achieved, options for decreasing tare weight should be considered. Suggestions for future research included a study of GVW estimation accuracy using a variety of estimation techniques, and field testing of the project recommendations.Ph. D.
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Hulsewé, D. (Daphne). "Moving out to sea : international legal implications of building an offshore airport outside territorial waters." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=30306.
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This thesis deals with the plan of the Dutch government to build an offshore airport outside its territorial waters. Because the airport will be outside territorial waters several problems may arise. Under the Law of the Sea the question is whether such an airport can lawfully be built and what the different conditions are under which it is possible. The Convention on International Civil Aviation is older then the new Law of the Sea Convention and therefore not up to date with the new zones in the sea that have emerged. Air law therefore needs to be interpreted in the light of those new developments.The first chapter deals with the reasons behind the plan to build such an airport. Thereafter, subsequent chapters discuss the law of the sea, air law, European law and the law of other organizations, which will have an influence on an offshore airport outside the territorial sea. The final chapter deals with plans and examples of other uses of artificial islands, including offshore airports.
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Gu, Ming Fei. "La diplomatie commerciale de la Chine : aspects juridiques." Thesis, Paris 5, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA05D018.
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La diplomatie commerciale de la Chine résulte d’un processus complexe. Étant donné que d’une part, elle est liée à son histoire, à sa culture et à sa géographie. D’une autre part, elle est vivement rattachée à son régime politique, à l’état de son économie et à son système juridique. Ce qui implique la mise en place d’importantes mesures d’encadrement juridiques et réglementaires émises par l’autorité législative de l’État. Cette thèse tente d’analyser la diplomatie commerciale de la Chine depuis 1978, à travers sa construction, ses règlements et ses pratiques, tout en privilégiant une approche juridique. L’enjeu principal de cette démarche est de mettre en œuvre une étude comparative entre le régime juridique commercial chinois et celui de l’OMC, afin de saisir le fondement juridique de la diplomatie commerciale chinoise. Ainsi, cette recherche se base principalement sur trois dimensions de la diplomatie commerciale chinoise : la dimension multilatérale (l’intégration dans l’OMC), la dimension régionale (la participation dans les organisations régionales comme l’ASEAN) et la dimension bilatérale (la conclusion des accords commerciaux bilatéraux). Enfin, une telle approche permet de mettre en exergue les avantages et les inconvénients de chacune de ces dimensions tout en tenant compte du contexte économique international difficileCommercial diplomacy of China is the result of a complex process. Given that on the one hand, it is linked to its history, culture and geography. On the other hand, it is strongly linked to its political system, the state of its economy and its legal system. Which implies the implementation of important measures of legal and regulatory framework emitted by the legislative authority of the state. This thesis tries to analyze the commercial diplomacy of China since 1978, through its construction, its regulations and practices, while favoring legal approach. The main issue of this approach is to implement a comparative study of Chinese commercial law regime and the WTO in order to take the legal basis for China's trade diplomacy. Thus, this research is based on three dimensions of Chinese commercial diplomacy: multilateral dimension (integration into the WTO), the regional dimension (participation in regional organizations such as ASEAN) and the bilateral dimension (the concluding bilateral trade agreements). Finally, such an approach allows to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each of these dimensions while considering the difficult international economic environment
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Hattingh, Petrus Johannes. "The normal tax treatment of cross-border dealings between various parts of a company in terms of the Income Tax Act, No. 58 of 1962, compared to selected aspects of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development's Model convention on incom." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4630.
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Araujo, Adroaldo. "Lei de falências : um comparativo entre a antiga lei de falência e a nova lei de recuperação de empresas, aspectos positivos e negativos da alteração, uma abordagem multidisciplinar." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/27189.
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Este estudo destina-se a consecução de um trabalho comparativo entre a nova Lei de Recuperação de Empresas e a antiga Lei de Falência e Concordata. Busca uma abordagem multidisciplinar que aponte os aspecto positivos e negativos na implantação da nova ordem jurídica, bem como, alguns efeitos econômicos resultantes. Desta forma obteremos uma melhor compreensão das mudanças ocorridas no novo ordenamento, destinado a sociedade brasileiro como um todo. O resultado deste trabalho de pesquisa, vai alem de meras verificações quantitativa do sistema busca um caminha na construção de uma ordem jurídica capaz de atender as necessidades das empresas, sem esquecer os objetivos da sociedade civil.This study it is destined achievement of a comparative work enters the new Law of Recovery of Companies and the old Law of Bankruptcy and Forced agreement. It searchs a boarding to multidiscipline that it points the aspect positive and negative in the implantation of the new jurisprudence, as well as, some resultant economic effect. In such a way we will get one better understanding of the occured changes in the new order, destined the Brazilian society as a whole. The result of this work of research, goes beyond mere verifications quantitative of the system searchs one walks in the construction of a jurisprudence capable to take care of the necessities of the companies, without forgetting the objectives the civil society.
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Al-Ajlani, Riad. "The legal aspects of international labour migration : a study of national and international legal instruments pertinent to migrant workers in selected Western European countries." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1993. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/954/.
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The focal point of this study is the legal rules which govern international labour migration. It attempts to explore and critically analyse the relationships between international labour migration as an economic phenomenon and the legal norms which affect and influence this process. Firstly, it underlines the importance of the legal thinking in providing adequate protection to migrant workers and members of their families. Secondly, it argues for establishing an international legal framework to regulate and harmonize the national immigration policies of States. Chapter Two examines the economics of international labour migration, the economic function and the social status of migrant labour in the receiving States. The focus is on the post Second World War migratory flow to France, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Netherlands, Belgium and Switzerland. Chapter Three analyses the national laws of the receiving States. It concentrates on the issues of residence, work permit systems, family reunification and the social security systems of the receiving States. Chapter Four is concerned with the international recruitment agreements which have been concluded after the Second World War period and registered with the UN Secretariat. The provisions of these treaties are compared with the provisions of investment treaties which have also been concluded between the same parties, and with the ILO model agreement on temporary migration for employment. Chapter Five explores the relations between the existing international human rights instruments and the immigration laws of the selected States and the adequacy and the capacity of these instruments in protecting migrant workers.
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Wu, Jun Ye. "A study of contemporary issues of conflict between trade liberalization and protection of the environment with a specific reference to the position of developing and least developed contries." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637068.
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Abdulmassih, Thiago Brazolin. "Função social da propriedade e Direito Econômico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20593.
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The present study aims to relate the theory of the social function of property to the contributions made by the field of Economic Law. At first, it explores the history of private property, making use of the philosophical theories which tried to justify the problem of private property. Dealing with the assumptions of the Economic Law School of the Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, the ideas of John Locke and Jacques Maritain are brought, to expose the foundation of private property and humanism within political and economic relations. Approaching property relations within the scope of Economic Law, a brief history of its evolution that came to a head with the creation of a legal order of deontological nature, which acts upon the economy, a de facto universality of ontological nature. In this issue, Goffredo Telles Junior’s theory of Direito Quântico is used to reveal the human dignity with legal statutes, and the importance of Human Rights in relation to private property for the strengthening of Democracy. In an effort to narrow the scope of the research, there is an exposition on the legal theories pertaining the concept of estate, property and domain, so that the difference between dynamic and static property can be traced, focusing on the first, which is directed to the production of other goods. The study proceeds with a comparison among foreign legal orders, concluding for the narrow relation between the legal protection of property and the respect of its purpose, which must be socially useful. The research then explores the Brazilian legislation, from the first constitutions to the current Civil Code, to demonstrate that the means of production, the so-called dynamic property, comprises a specific legal situation, that must reconcile the value of work and self-initiative, as well as social justice. Based upon the legislation, this paper addresses examples where property, when it respects its social role, bring systemic growth of the economy and human dignity, as, regarding the constitutional economic order, cannot be set apart
O presente estudo se propõe a relacionar a teoria da função social da propriedade com as contribuições advindas do Direito Econômico. Explora primeiramente a história da propriedade, fazendo uso das teorias filosóficas que se ocuparam do problema da justificação da propriedade privada. Tratando dos pressupostos da escola de Direito Econômico da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, as ideias de John Locke e Jacques Maritain são expostas para trazer a fundamentação da propriedade pessoal e do humanismo nas relações políticas e econômicas. Passando para as relações da propriedade no âmbito do Direito Econômico, é traçado um breve histórico sobre a sua evolução que culminou na elaboração de uma ordem jurídica de natureza deontológica, atuando sobre a economia, uma universalidade de fato de natureza ontológica. Neste ponto, a teoria do Direito Quântico de Goffredo Telles Junior é utilizada para se revelar a dignidade humana subjacente às normas jurídicas, e a importância da interrelação entre Direitos Humanos e direito de propriedade para o fortalecimento da Democracia. Visando delimitar o objeto de estudo, foram investigadas as teorias jurídicas sobre os conceitos de patrimônio, propriedade e domínio, para então trazer a diferenciação entre propriedade dinâmica e propriedade estática, com maior foco na primeira, que é direcionada para a produção de outros bens. O estudo prossegue trazendo um estudo comparativo com outras ordens jurídicas estrangeiras, concluindo pela estreita relação entre o reconhecimento da propriedade e o respeito à sua finalidade, que deve ser socialmente útil. A pesquisa passa a cuidar da legislação brasileira, desde as primeiras constituições até o atual Código Civil, para demonstrar que a propriedade dos meios de produção, a chamada propriedade dinâmica, compreende uma situação jurídica específica, que deve compatibilizar os valores do trabalho e a livre iniciativa, bem como da justiça social. Com base na legislação, o trabalho aborda exemplos onde a propriedade, quando cumpre sua função social, traz ganhos sistêmicos que favorecem o crescimento da economia e da dignidade humana, que para fins da ordem constitucional econômica, não podem ser dissociadas
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Scharneck, Justin William. "A framework for the governance of social media in the workplace." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020180.
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Social media is fast becoming an ever-increasingly significant part of the world of business and a phenomenon which cannot be evaded. The advent of social media in the workplace compels organisations to acclimatise to the transformation emanating from employees‟ adoption of these technologies (Hanaki & Casella, 2008). Approximately seventy percent of organisations do not have a social media governance framework in place (Fink et al., 2011). Social media governance in organisations is very disjointed; companies have varying stances as to social media strategy, the risks, benefits and business use of social media (Thompson et al., 2011). The growth of social media and its use in the business environment will see a more standardised approach to social media governance (Thompson et al., 2011). Being at the forefront of technology development in Africa, and in certain areas, globally (Government of the Republic of South Africa, 2012), places added emphasis on IT organisations in South Africa to set the standard as it relates to social media governance. The diversity and depth of the human and technology resources within these organisations, creates an environment conducive to establishing and pioneering sound social media governance structures. The treatise consists of a study on the governance of social media and the successive development of two frameworks; an integrated framework for the governance of social media in the workplace, as well as integrated framework for a social media policy within an IT organisation. These frameworks are empirically evaluated amongst employees, within the context of Information Technology (IT) organisations, in South Africa. Several recommendations are proposed by the author in relation to the adoption of the proposed frameworks.
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Hui, Ken, and 許亦鈞. "Court decisions on building contract disputes: a Coasian empirical analysis." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40988193.
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Zimmermann, Claus D. "Essays on the law and economics of international economic dispute settlement." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010047.
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Faisant appel à des cadres méthodologiques d'économie du droit et d'économie politique, cette thèse en quatre articles entreprend une analyse de différents aspects clés du règlement des différends économiques internationaux, tout particulièrement du règlement des différends tel qu'entrepris sous les auspices de l'Organisation Mondiale du Commerce (OMC). Les aspects clés ainsi analysés concernent la décision des parties signataires d'un traité international d'accorder ou de refuser le droit de porter plainte à des personnes privées, leur choix de l'arsenal de contre-mesures ainsi que des détails relatifs aux mécanismes de mise en œuvre. L'article 1 analyse les fondements économiques du pouvoir que possèdent les gouvernements des pays membres de l'OMC de s'interposer en tant que filtres politiques ex ante de potentiels litiges, tout en contrastant cette analyse avec ce que l'on peut observer dans le domaine des investissements étrangers. L'article 2 se penche sur un thème d'économie du droit plus« classique» en démontrant que, même s'il n'a pas été conçu expressément pour encourager la rupture efficiente des obligations contenues dans les accords de l'OMC, le mécanisme actuel de règlement des différends à l'OMC facilite, de facto, le non-respect temporaire du droit de l'OMC. L'article 3 examine les principales alternatives à des mesures de rétorsion en tant que mesures de dernier recours. L'article 4 identifie les déficits de l'analyse conventionnel de pourquoi le système de règlement des différends à l'OMC n'a pas été équipé de mesures correctives rétrospectives mais seulement prospectives.
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Lam, Kit-wah, and 林杰華. "How Building Management Ordinance enhances the competitiveness of the private residential property management market?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4500853X.
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Yuen, Wai-ip Edmond, and 袁偉業. "Polluter pays principle laws in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1996. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253623.
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Maass, Sue-Mari. "Tenure security in urban rental housing." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5405.
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Thesis (LLD (Public Law))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.Bibliography
ABSTRACT ENGLISH: The dissertation considers the tenure rights of urban residential tenants in the post-1994 constitutional dispensation. The 1996 Constitution mandates tenure reform in two instances. Firstly, section 25(6) (read with section 25(9)) mandates the legislature to enact legislation that would provide legally secure tenure rights for a person or community whose tenure of land is insecure as a result of past racially discriminatory laws or practices. This form of tenure reform is race-based. Secondly, section 26(3) mandates the courts to consider all relevant circumstances during eviction proceedings. In terms of this provision the court can refuse to grant the eviction order on the basis of the occupier's socio-economic weakness, which is a more general form of class-related tenure reform. The Constitution also ensures the right to have access to adequate housing, while the legislature must introduce measures that would give effect to this right (sections 26(1) and 26(2)). To determine whether the current landlord-tenant regime in South Africa is able to provide tenants with secure occupation rights and access to rental housing, it is compared to landlord-tenant regimes in pre-1994 South Africa, the United Kingdom, New York State and Germany. The landlord-tenant regimes are considered in light of changing socio-economic circumstances where the state had to assist households during housing shortages. The dissertation assesses the efficiency of landlord-tenant law, combined with regulatory measures that ensure substantive tenure rights and rent restrictions, as a form of tenure that could help alleviate housing shortages and initiate a new landlord-tenant regime for South Africa that would give effect to the Constitution. The dissertation concludes that the current substantive tenure rights of urban residential tenants are largely based on the common law, which is associated with weak tenure security. The landlord-tenant laws, namely the Rental Housing Act 50 of 1999 and the Social Housing Act 16 of 2008, fail to provide urban residential tenants with substantive tenure rights. The legislature has failed to enact a law that gives effect to section 25(6) in the landlord-tenant framework. The legislature did enact the Prevention of Illegal Eviction from and Unlawful Occupation of Land Act 19 of 1998 (PIE) in order to give effect to section 26(3). Recently the courts interpreted PIE to provide marginalized tenants with substantive tenure protection during eviction proceedings. However, to give effect to section 25(6) legislation should grant residential tenants substantive tenure rights that are legally secure prior to eviction. The legislature enacted the Rental Housing Act and the Social Housing Act to give effect to the right to housing (section 26 of the Constitution) in the landlord-tenant framework. These laws fail to promote access to rental housing as a form of tenure that could help alleviate housing shortages.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die proefskrif oorweeg die okkupasieregte van stedelike residensiële huurders in die post-1994 konstitusionele bedeling. Die 1996 Grondwet bepaal dat okkupasieregte in twee gevalle hervorm moet word. Eerstens gee artikel 25(6) (gelees met artikel 25(9)) opdrag aan die wetgewer om wetgewing te verorden wat okkupasieregte met verblyfsekerheid aan 'n person of gemeenskap sal verleen indien so 'n person of gemeenskap tans grond okkupeer met okkupasieregte wat onseker is as gevolg van vorige rasgebaseerde wetgewing. Hierdie tipe hervorming is rasgebaseer. Tweedens gee artikel 26(3) opdrag aan die howe om alle relevante faktore te oorweeg as deel van enige uitsettingsprosedure. In terme van hierdie bepaling is die howe gemagtig om 'n uitsettingsbevel te weier op die basis van die okkupeerder se sosio-ekonomiese kwesbaarheid. Hierdie tipe hervorming is 'n meer algemene klasgebaseerde hervorming. Artikel 26(1) (gelees met artikel 26(2)) van die Grondwet bepaal dat elkeen die reg op toegang tot geskikte behuising het, terwyl die staat redelike wetgewende en ander maatreëls moet tref om hierdie reg te verwesenlik. Ten einde te bepaal of die huidige huurbehuisingstelsel in Suid-Afrika voldoende is, met inagneming van die stelsel se vermoë om huurders te voorsien van okkupasieregte met verblyfsekerheid en van toegang tot huurbehuising, word dit vergelyk met die huurbehuisingstelsels in Suid Afrika voor 1994, die Verenigde Koninkryk, New York Staat en Duitsland. Hierdie huurbehuisingstelsels word bespreek met inagneming van veranderinge in die sosio-ekonomiese omstandighede waartydens die staat gedurende behuisingstekorte huishoudings moes ondersteun. Die doeltreffendheid van huurbehuising word beoordeel met verwysing na regulasies wat substantiewe okkupasieregte verseker en beperkings plaas op huurpryse om 'n vorm van verblyfreg daar te stel wat die behuisingstekort kan verminder ten einde 'n nuwe huurbehuisingstelsel vir Suid-Afrika te inisieër wat gevolg aan die Grondwet sal gee. Die proefskrif lei tot die gevolgtrekking dat die huidige substantiewe okkupasieregte van stedelike residensiële huurders grotendeels op die gemenereg gebaseer is. Die gemenereg maak nie voorsiening vir sterk substantiewe okkupasieregte nie. Die huidige huurbehuisingswetgewing, naamlik die Wet op Huurbehuising 50 van 1999 en die Wet op Maatskaplike Behuising 16 van 2008, slaag nie daarin om substantiewe okkupasieregte vir stedelike residensiële huurders te voorsien nie. Die wetgewer het nie daarin geslaag om 'n wet te promulgeer wat in die huurbehuisingsraamwerk aan artikel 25(6) effek gee nie. Die wetgewer het wel die Wet op die Voorkoming van Onwettige Uitsetting en Onregmatige Besetting van Grond 19 van 1998 verorden om effek te gee aan artikel 26(3) van die Grondwet. Hierdie Wet is onlangs so deur die howe geïnterpreteer dat dit kwesbare huurders tydens uitsettingsprosedures met substantiewe okkupasieregte beskerm. Om aan artikel 25(6) te voldoen moet wetgewing egter substantiewe okkupasieregte met verblyfsekerheid aan residensiële huurders verskaf voordat hulle uitgesit word. Die wetgewer het die Wet op Huurbehuising en die Wet op Maatskaplike Behuising verorden ten einde effek aan die reg op behuising (artikel 26 van die Grondwet) in die gebied van huurbehuising te gee. Geeneen van hierdie wette slaag daarin om toegang tot behuising, en veral huurbehuising as 'n vorm van okkupasie, te bevorder ten einde die behuisingtekort te verminder nie.
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Chen, Zhi Jie. "A strategy for th development of China's cultural industries." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2285452.
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Stemela, Mbuyiselo. "A critical analysis of land redistribution and economic development of farm workers in the Stellenbosch Agricultural Area : a research treatise." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/852.
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This study critically analyzed land redistribution and economic empowerment of farm workers in the Stellenbosch agricultural area. Past socio-economic and political policies have resulted in a racially skewed and inequitable distribution of land as well as overcrowding, overstocking and poverty in the countryside. It has become imperative that fundamental change is brought about in order to improve economical opportunities of all South Africans to access land for beneficial and productive use. Land reform, as the central thrust of land policy, is not only part of the effort towards the creation of equitable land distribution, but also of national reconciliation and stability. This study analyzed the notion of economic empowerment of farm workers. It looked at historical overview of the evolution of politics in South Africa and contemporary legislative framework pertaining to land redistribution and farm workers in the Western Cape. A case study of Bouwland farm in the Stellenbosch agricultural area was used as an example of how land redistribution can contribute to economically empower farm workers.
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Melloni, Mattia. "The principle of non-discrimination and the GATT/WTO jurisprudence of "Like Products"." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211054.
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The analysis of non-discrimination under Article III of GATT has shown weakness or flaws throughout more than fifty years. The language used by GATT/WTO panels and the Appellate Body in interpreting the two prongs of non-discrimination in the national treatment clause, namely, likeness and protection, lagged behind economic reality. The critical legal analysis carried out in here reveals, to some extent, this while offering a clearer and sounder analysis to non-discrimination based more on market analysis and its economic indicators.Doctorat en droit
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Buranapraphanont, Verasit. "Les aspects juridiques de la gestion de la dette publique en Thaïlande." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM1015/document.
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Les fonctions administratives du gouvernement consistent à fournir les services publics, et à opérer la gestion publique et administrative. Cela nécessite l’utilisation en continu d’importantes sommes d’argent. Or, le principal revenu provenant de la collecte des impôts ne suffit pas pour opérer les missions et les nécessaires activités de l’Etat. C’est la raison pour laquelle, celui-ci doit emprunter davantage aux institutions financières intérieures et extérieures. En Thaïlande, le premier emprunt fut créé à l’ère du Roi Rama V. Et après la Révolution siamoise de 1932, le pays commença à emprunter de plus en plus aux institutions financières internationales et aux gouvernements étrangers pour son développement. Ce sont les crises économiques mondiales qui ont obligé divers pays dans le monde à contracter la dette publique et qui ont fait accroître ladite dette en Thaïlande. La notion de gestion de la dette publique devient alors indispensable et, à cet égard, plusieurs pays ont rendu des lois spéciales. En Thaïlande, la Loi portant sur la gestion de la dette publique B.E. 2548 (2005) et la désignation d’un mandataire constitue la loi fondamentale autorisant le gouvernement à contracter la dette publique, et à la gérer diversement -en raison d’un changement de situation- comme la dette contractée pour le développement économique et social, pour la restructuration de la dette et la mise en œuvre de la politique sur les transactions financières en vue de réduire le risque de dette publique, etcThe government, as the administration, is responsible for public services, public affairs and administrative missions. It is, therefore, necessary to spend a great number of money consecutively. The main income of the government earned by the tax collection is not enough for its missions and the other necessary things. That’s why it had to loan more and more money from the domestic and international financial institutions. In Thailand, money has been loaned since the reign of King Rama V. After the Siamese Revolution of 1932, Thailand has incurred more public debt from the international financial institutions and foreign governments for country’s development. Public debt of Thailand and different countries has enormously increased while the notion of public debt management has also developed and the special acts on public debt management have been issued in many countries, because of the necessity of incurring public debt of several countries as well as economic crisis happened around the world. In Thailand, the Public Debt Management Act B.E. 2548 (2005) is considered as the principal law authorizing the government to incur and manage public debt in various ways for adapting to changing circumstances such as public debt incurred for social and economic development, for debt restructuring and financial transaction used for reducing the risk on public debt, etc
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MIRALLES, MURCIEGO Graciela. "Price and prejudice : a legal and economic approach to rebates." Doctoral thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/32096.
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Defence date: 13 January 2014Examining Board: Professor Giorgio Monti, European University Institute Professor Petros Mavroidis, European University Institute Professor Luis Ortiz Blanco, Garrigues & College of Europe Professor Daniel Sokol, Leivin College of Law, University of Florida.
The thesis proposes an analysis of the evolving approach to abuse of dominance and monopolization through the case study of loyalty discounts as example of controversy both in the literature as well as in the case law. Much of this controversy draws from the fact that fidelity discounts constitute a price-based practice having similar effects to non price-based conducts such as exclusive dealing or tying. Therefore, evaluating their competitive impact necessarily requires a comprehensive assessment of vertical restraints as a whole. While the more economic approach to competition policy has influenced authorities' perception of rebates, different legal systems allow for different degrees of evolution in their actual assessment. This research puts into question the need for a hard law reform when it comes to practices calling for an economic assessment, given that the neutrality and consistency of economic tools may enable a soft law shifting of competition policy regimes.
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Rathbun, Douglas Bartram. "The role of economic incentives in the development of legal doctrine." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/2169.
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JENSEN, Hanne Birgitte. "From Economic to Sustainable Development: Enlarging the concept of law." Doctoral thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/13249.
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Defence date: 28 April 2006Examining board: Prof. Pierre-Marie Dupuy (Supervisor, European University Institute) ; Prof. Neil Walker (European University Institute) ; Prof. Morten Ougaard (Copenhagen Business School) ; Dr. Peter H. Sand (University of Munich)
The title "From Economic to Sustainable Development: Enlarging the Concept of Law" signals a meta-theoretical approach. However, this thesis is also firmly centred in practice by questioning if, and in what form, law has a role to play in implementation of sustainable development, apart from being a tool for shaping concrete legal mechanisms, such as international conventions and national laws and regulation. Thus, at its core, the research is focused on the role of law in a process of political and socio-economic change and on the relationship of theory and practice.
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Crum, Conan Christopher 1981. "Oil, pollution, and crime: three essays in public economics." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3982.
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The overall goal of this dissertation is to study important questions in public economics. In its three chapters, I look at peak world oil production and its implications for oil prices; cross-country pollution emission rates and implications for institutional quality; and finally, black-white arrest rates and implications for law enforcement discount factors. Each chapter of this dissertation combines new theory with robust empirical work to extend the quantitative frontier of research in public economics.text