Relevant bibliographies by topics / Lattice tray

Academic literature on the topic 'Lattice tray'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 30 May 2022
Last updated: 31 May 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Lattice tray"

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Sun, Zhihui, Jie Zhang, Hanxiao Wang, Guangshan Pan, Tianhua Wang, Lu Xie, and Qing Peng. "Defect, temperature, and strain effects on lattice heat conductivity of egg-tray graphene." Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 29, no. 4 (April 14, 2021): 045003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-651x/abebcc.

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Wen, Yongshuang, Leian Zhang, Xuemei Huang, Ting Yuan, Junxiong Zhang, Yuzhi Tan, and Zhongbin Feng. "Design of and Experiment with Seedling Selection System for Automatic Transplanter for Vegetable Plug Seedlings." Agronomy 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2021): 2031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11102031.

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In the process of vegetable plug seedling cultivation, packaging, and transportation, there may be missing, unhealthy or injured seedlings in the tray, which results in a missed planting or a low seedling survival rate after automatic transplanting. In this study, a seedling selection system with the function of seedlings identification, week seedlings elimination, and missing seedlings supplement was developed for an automatic transplanter. A plug seedling identification system based on a machine vision was used to detect vegetable plug seedlings based on the area characteristics of plug seedlings, stem leaves and plug bodies. The identification results were transmitted to a programmable logic controller (PLC), which controlled a nozzle to eliminate the unqualified seedlings from the conveyor belt lattice. When the empty conveyor belt lattice reaches the seedling throwing funnel, the rear conveyor belt lattice with the plug seedling is accelerated to ensure the continuity of seedlings supply. The adaptive fuzzy PID control algorithm was used to control the stepper motor of the conveyor belt to realize accurate seedling conveying and a seedling supplement. Using 30 days pepper plug seedlings as experimental seedlings, a comparative field experiment was carried out to evaluate the performance of the seedling selection system. The results showed that when the seedling selection system was turned on and the seedling extracting frequencies were 60, 80, and 100 plants/min, the success rates of plug seedling identification were 98.84%, 98.38%, and 96.99%, and the robust seedling rates were 98.05%, 97.78%, and 95.83%. The robust seedling rates were increased by 15.64%, 16.07%, and 13.89%, respectively, in contrast to turning off the seedling selection system.
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GAO, MENG, and LAN YIN. "VORTEX LATTICE STATE OF A SUPERFLUID FERMI GAS IN THE UNITARY REGION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 23 (September 20, 2008): 3967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979208048814.

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In this paper, we study the structure of vortex lattices in a trapped superfluid Fermi gas in the unitary region near the superfluid transition temperature. A phenomenological approach based on the Ginzburg-Landau theory is used. Two types of stable triangular vortex lattices are found numerically at the same rotation frequency. In type (A), the trap center is occupied by a vortex; in type (B), there are three vortices closest to the trap center which is unoccupied. The lattice structures at different rotation frequencies and temperatures are analyzed. The vortex density increases linearly with the rotation frequency, very close to the analytical estimation. The superfluid and type-(B) vortex lattice do not disappear together. At high rotation frequencies, the vortex lattice disappears, but there exists a localized superfluid state near the trap center. The superfluid vanishes at a critical rotation frequency consistent with the theory for the upper critical magnetic field of type-II superconductors.
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LIU, M., L. H. WEN, L. SHE, A. X. CHEN, H. W. XIONG, and M. S. ZHAN. "SPLITTING AND TRAPPING OF BOSE-CONDENSED GASES IN MULTI-WELLS." Modern Physics Letters B 19, no. 06 (March 20, 2005): 303–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984905008244.

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For the Bose-condensed gas in a one-dimensional optical lattice, several far-off resonant laser beams are used to split and trap the matter wavepacket after switching off both the magnetic trap and optical lattices. In the presence of two far-off resonant laser beams which are not symmetric about the centre of the matter wavepacket, we propose an experimental scheme to observe the collision between two side peaks after switching off the magnetic trap and optical lattice. We also discuss an experimental scheme to realize a coherent splitting and trapping of the matter wavepacket which has potential application in atom optics.
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Mighell, Alan D. "Ambiguities in powder pattern indexing: A ternary lattice metric singularity." Powder Diffraction 16, no. 3 (September 2001): 144–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1154/1.1369789.

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A lattice metric singularity occurs when unit cells defining two (or more) lattices yield the identical set of unique calculated d-spacings. The existence of such singularities, therefore, has a practical impact on the indexing of powder patterns. Lattice metric singularities often involve lattices that are in a derivative relationship one to another. A variety of types of singularities are possible depending on the number of different lattices involved (i.e., binary, ternary, quaternary), on the nature of the derivative lattice relationship (i.e., subcell/supercell, composite), on the Bravais type of each of the lattices, and on the the volume ratio(s) of primitive cells defining the lattices. In the laboratory, an encounter with a singularity can lead one into a trap; viz., the investigator using an indexing program, or by other means, may determine only one of the lattices with a high figure of merit. When this happens, it is critical to recognize that there exists more than one indexing solution. In a previous work, a binary singularity was described involving a monoclinic and a rhombohedral lattice. In the present work, we describe a second type of singularity—a ternary singularity—in which the two of the three lattices are in a derivative composite relationship.
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Tran, Tien Duy, Yibo Wang, Alex Glaetzle, Shannon Whitlock, Andrei Sidorov, and Peter Hannaford. "Magnetic Lattices for Ultracold Atoms." Communications in Physics 29, no. 2 (May 14, 2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0868-3166/29/2/13678.

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This article reviews the development in our laboratory of magnetic lattices comprising periodic arrays of magnetic microtraps created by patterned magnetic films to trap periodic arrays of ultracold atoms. Recent achievements include the realisation of multiple Bose-Einstein condensates in a 10 \(\mu\)m-period one-dimensional magnetic lattice; the fabrication of sub-micron-period square and triangular magnetic lattice structures suitable for quantum tunnelling experiments; the trapping of ultracold atoms in a sub-micron-period triangular magnetic lattice; and a proposal to use long-range interacting Rydberg atoms to achieve spin-spin interactions between sites in a large-spacing magnetic lattice.
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IYANIWURA, S., and M. J. WARD. "ASYMPTOTIC ANALYSIS FOR THE MEAN FIRST PASSAGE TIME IN FINITE OR SPATIALLY PERIODIC 2D DOMAINS WITH A CLUSTER OF SMALL TRAPS." ANZIAM Journal 63, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1446181121000018.

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AbstractA hybrid asymptotic-numerical method is developed to approximate the mean first passage time (MFPT) and the splitting probability for a Brownian particle in a bounded two-dimensional (2D) domain that contains absorbing disks, referred to as “traps”, of asymptotically small radii. In contrast to previous studies that required traps to be spatially well separated, we show how to readily incorporate the effect of a cluster of closely spaced traps by adapting a recently formulated least-squares approach in order to numerically solve certain local problems for the Laplacian near the cluster. We also provide new asymptotic formulae for the MFPT in 2D spatially periodic domains where a trap cluster is centred at the lattice points of an oblique Bravais lattice. Over all such lattices with fixed area for the primitive cell, and for each specific trap set, the average MFPT is smallest for a hexagonal lattice of traps.
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Parker, Julia E., Stephen P. Thompson, Tom M. Cobb, Fajin Yuan, Jonathan Potter, Alistair R. Lennie, Sam Alexander, et al. "High-throughput powder diffraction on beamline I11 at Diamond." Journal of Applied Crystallography 44, no. 1 (November 27, 2010): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889810044948.

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A new capability designed for high-throughput (HT) structural analysis using the synchrotron powder diffraction beamline (I11) at Diamond Light Source is reported. With a high-brightness X-ray beam, multi-analyser detectors and fast data-acquisition procedures, high-quality diffraction data can be collected at a speed of ∼15–30 min per powder pattern for good crystalline materials. Fast sample changing at a rate of a few seconds per specimen is achieved with a robotic arm and pre-loaded capillary specimens on a multi-tray carousel (200-sample capacity). Additional equipment, such as an automatic powder-loading machine and a pre-alignment jig for the sample capillaries, is available to reduce preparation time. For demonstration purposes, the first results presented here are those from standard reference powders of Si, TiO2and TiO2/Si mixtures, obtained by analysing the data using Le Bail (instrumental calibration) and Rietveld refinements (quantitative agreement within 1%). The HT hardware was then used to study the structural phase evolution of a library of 31 La4Ni3−xFexO10heterometallic ceramic powders in less than 1 d. The powders were generated from a single heat treatment (at 1348 K in air for 12 h) of nanoceramic oxide co-precipitate precursors, made using a newly developed HT synthesis robot. Crystallographic details (symmetry and lattice parameters) were obtained as a function of Fe concentration. The results revealed that this approach was able to produce a pure Ruddlesden–Popper-type phase with an iron content of up tox= 0.5, significantly higher than has been achieved previously using more conventional synthesis routes and thus demonstrating the power of using the HT approach.
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Yu, Geng-Hua, Qi-Ming Xu, Chao Zhou, Liang Liang, Long Li, and Rui-Peng Chai. "Magic wavelengths of the optical clock transition at 877 nm of barium." Modern Physics Letters B 28, no. 23 (September 10, 2014): 1450183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984914501838.

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Magic wavelengths for laser trapping of barium atoms in the optical lattices are investigated while considering the optical clock transition at 877 nm between the 6s21S0 state and 6s5d 1D2 state. Theoretical calculation shows that there are several magic wavelengths with the linearly polarized trapping laser. The trap depths of the optical lattice and the slope of light shift difference with different magic wavelengths are also discussed and analyzed. Some of these magic wavelengths are selected and recommended for the optical lattice trapping laser.
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Ji, Xianming, Shuwu Xu, and Songbo Gu. "Generation of Atomic Optical Lattices by Dammann Gratings." Advances in Optical Technologies 2012 (April 17, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/647657.

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We first calculated the diffraction intensity distributions of the Dammann gratings illuminated by Gaussian light wave. The empirical equations were deduced by numerical calculations to calculate the parameters, such as the spatial period, the maximum intensity, and the maximum intensity gradient, of the optical trap array composed by a set of Dammann gratings and a focus lens. Thus, a novel type of optical trap array for trapping cold atoms (or molecules) was proposed and its features were discussed. The results showed the optical trap array with very short period could be generated. High optical dipole potential could be presented so as to have strong attractive force to the atoms to form atomic optical lattices of high lattice density. Compared with the optical lattices formed by standing wave interferences of CO2 laser, there are many unique advantages of which are formed by Dammann gratings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Lattice tray"

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Райко, Валентина Федорівна, and Мусій Абрамович Цейтлін. "Дослідження особливостей пиловловлювання на протитечійних контактних елементах." Thesis, Національний технічний університет "Харківський політехнічний інститут", 2018. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/39314.

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Досліджено характеристики вловлювання тонкодисперсого пилу та утворення відкладень накипу на зрошуваних ґратчастих та дiрчастих протитечійних (провальних) тарілках з великою перфорацією. Знайдено, що ступень вловлювання полідисперсного пилу з медіанним розміром часток 23 мкм на гратчастих тарілках дещо вищий ніж на дірчастих. Ступень очистки газу найбільш залежить від швидкості газу у повному перерізі апарату і має максимум в діапазоні 1,5 – 2,0 м/с, який становить 99,8 % при частці вільного перетину тарілок 15 % та зменшується до 99,2 при вільному перетині 35 %. Істотного впливу зрошення на досліджуваний параметр не виявлено. Дослідження утворення накипу показали, що найбільший вплив на швидкість утворення відкладень на тарілках мають концентрація гідрокарбонату кальцію та температура. Менший, але помітний вплив мають також швидкість газу та густина зрошення. Для усіх знайдених залежностей отримані апроксимаційні рівняння.
The characteristics of capture fine dust particles and formation of scale deposits on irrigated lattice and hole counter-current trays with a large perforation are investigated. It was found that the capture stage of a polydisperse dust with a median particle size of 23 μm on lattice plates is somewhat higher than that of the hole. The gas purification stage most depends on the gas velocity in the free section of the apparatus and has a maximum in the range of 1.5 - 2.0 m / s, which is 99.8% with a free section of the plates 15% and decreases to 99.2 with a free intersection 35%. Significant influence of irrigation on the investigated parameter was not detected. Investigations on the formation of scale have shown that the greatest influence on the rate of formation of sediment deposits on the plates has the concentration of calcium bicarbonate and temperature. Smaller but also noticeable effects have the speed of gas and irrigation density. Approximation equations are obtained for all the dependences found.
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Tarasenko, Alexander, and Lubomir Jastrabik. "Surface diffusion of particles over bivariate trap lattices." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-191662.

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We investigate the diffusion of particles on heterogeneous lattices with two kinds of nonequivalent sites. General analytical expressions for the chemical and jump diffusion coefficients have been derived in the case of strong inhomogeneity. We have calculated coverage dependencies of the diffusion coefficients and other necessary thermodynamic quantities for some representative values of the lateral pairwise interaction between the particles. The analytical data have been compared with the numerical data obtained by the kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Almost perfect agreement between the respective results has been found.
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Tarasenko, Alexander, and Lubomir Jastrabik. "Surface diffusion of particles over bivariate trap lattices." diffusion fundamentals 11 (2009) 103, S. 1-8, 2009. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14077.

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We investigate the diffusion of particles on heterogeneous lattices with two kinds of nonequivalent sites. General analytical expressions for the chemical and jump diffusion coefficients have been derived in the case of strong inhomogeneity. We have calculated coverage dependencies of the diffusion coefficients and other necessary thermodynamic quantities for some representative values of the lateral pairwise interaction between the particles. The analytical data have been compared with the numerical data obtained by the kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Almost perfect agreement between the respective results has been found.
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Iacob, Alexandru Sorin. "Studio comparativo tra configurazioni alari convenzionali e con struttura lattice." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Lo studio effettuato ha lo scopo di confrontare un’ala per impiego aerospaziale o automotive con configurazione convenzionale e una con riempimento con struttura di tipo lattice regolare cubica non conforme, al fine di determinare se un’ala ottenuta mediante stampa con tecniche di additive manufacturing è in grado di competere con un’ala ottenuta attraverso metodi convenzionali a livello di massa a parità di sollecitazione massima. Il confronto è stato effettuato sia a pari peso calcolando le massime tensioni, sia ad equivalenti sollecitazioni esterne, andando a verificare i pesi ottenuti. A tale scopo è stata impiegata una analisi 1-way FSI che coinvolge sia simulazioni CFD che FEM. È stato anche messo in pratica un approccio di analisi semplificativo che consiste nello studiare la struttura lattice come se fosse un materiale continuo, cercando di capire se il cosiddetto metodo di omogeneizzazione applicato al caso di studio in questione, permette di ottenere risultati soddisfacenti riducendo di gran lunga i tempi di calcolo.
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Yu, QinQin. "Characterization of a two-color magneto-optical trap for a spin-squeezed optical lattice clock." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100323.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58).
We experimentally realize a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for ytterbium that simultaneously scatters light from two atomic transitions, in order to reduce the minimum magnetic field gradient required for trapping atoms. From the experimental data, we propose a model of the MOT where one transition is responsible for trapping the atoms the other transition is responsible for cooling the atoms. In order to test this model and to better understand the dynamics of this two-color MOT, we perform numerical simulations of the contributions of each transition to the steady-state number of trapped atoms. We then compare the results of the simulations with the experimental results and conclude that the model of the separated trapping and cooling functions is a good model for the two-color MOT. Finally, we examine other elements for which the two-color MOT is possible and derive a condition for the linewidths of the two transitions such that the atoms are trapped.
by QinQin Yu.
S.B.
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Li, Tracy [Verfasser], and Immanuel [Akademischer Betreuer] Bloch. "Probing Bloch band geometry with ultracold atoms in optical lattices / Tracy Li. Betreuer: Immanuel Bloch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1110749252/34.

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Agyare, Benjamin A. "INVESTIGATION OF ATOMIC MOTION IN OPTICAL LATTICES VIA INTENSITY CORRELATION MEASUREMENT." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1186171967.

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Bookjans, Eva M. "Relative number squeezing in a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37148.

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The quantum properties of matter waves, in particular quantum correlations and entanglement are an important frontier in atom optics with applications in quantum metrology and quantum information. In this thesis, we report the first observation of sub-Poissonian fluctuations in the magnetization of a spinor 87Rb condensate. The fluctuations in the magnetization are reduced up to 10 dB below the classical shot noise limit. This relative number squeezing is indicative of the predicted pair-correlations in a spinor condensate and lay the foundation for future experiments involving spin-squeezing and entanglement measurements. We have investigated the limits of the imaging techniques used in our lab, absorption and fluorescence imaging, and have developed the capability to measure atoms numbers with an uncertainly < 10 atoms. Condensates as small as ≈ 10 atoms were imaged and the measured fluctuations agree well with the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we implement a reliable calibration method of our imaging system based on quantum projection noise measurements. We have resolved the individual lattice sites of a standing-wave potential created by a CO2 laser, which has a lattice spacing of 5.3 µm. Using microwaves, we site-selectively address and manipulate the condensate and therefore demonstrate the ability to perturb the lattice condensate of a local level. Interference between condensates in adjacent lattice sites and lattice sites separated by a lattice site are observed.
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CASTELLARI, ELENA. "Competizione tra Brand e Potere di Mercato nell'Industria del latte alimentare in Italia: Stima di Modelli a Scelta Disceta per Prodotti Differenziati." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/772.

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Dopo l’analisi delle modalità di misurazione del potere di mercato e della competizione tra brand nel contesto di un mercato caratterizzato dalla presenza di prodotti differenziati, viene presentata l’applicazione dei modelli a scelta discreta nel mercato del latte alimentare in Italia. Ho utilizzato dati scanner per analizzare i comportamenti nelle scelte di acquisto dei consumatori e le dinamiche competitive tra i due maggiori brand presenti nel mercato e le marche commerciali. Ho considerato il mercato del latte alimentare suddiviso in due sottocategorie, quella del latte a lunga conservazione (UHT) e quella del latte refrigerato. Ho quindi proceduto alla stima della domanda del latte alimentare utilizzando un nested logit model, appartenente alla categoria dei modelli a scelta discreta. Utilizzando i coefficienti stimati è possibile sia calcolare le elasticità di sostituzione tra i diversi brand e le elasticità dirette, nonché i margini di profitto dei brand presi in analisi considerando differenze nelle strategie di prezzo e nella struttura di mercato.
This work first gives an overview of the measurement of market power and brand competition in a differentiated products market, secondly applies discrete choice models to asses the Italian milk market. I use scanner data to estimate consumer purchasing decisions and competitive relationships between two major industry-level brands and (as a third category) supermarket private labels. I divide all milk sold in Italian market into two distinct classes of products: “UHT” and “Refrigerated” milk. I employ a well-known “discrete choice” nested-logit model to estimate consumer demand. Then, using the estimated coefficients, it is possible to calculate both consumer substitution patterns between products, and the profit-margins of the three major retail-level brands across the different sub-categories of milk under different pricing strategies and market structure.
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SEGNALINI, MARIA. "Caratterizzazione del bacino del Mediterraneo in funzione dell'indice bioclimatico "Temperature Humidity Index" (THI) e relazioni tra THI e mortalità nella bovina da latte." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/1305.

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Condizioni meteorologiche e clima influenzano fortemente il settore delle produzioni animali. Lo stress da caldo determina una significativa riduzione dell'attività metabolica, della produzione, della capacità riproduttiva e una maggiore predisposizione alle malattie. Nel contesto biologico, la temperatura dell’aria è sicuramente considerata il principale fattore di stress, tuttavia, un’elevata umidità peggiora l'effetto della temperatura riducendo le perdite di calore per evaporazione e ostacolando quindi l’eliminazione del calore in eccesso. Scopi principali della ricerca sono stati la caratterizzazione dell’area del Mediterraneo in termini di Temperature Humidity Index (THI) e stabilire le relazioni tra stagione/THI e mortalità nella bovina da latte allevata in un’area geografica Italiana altamente vocata per questo tipo di allevamento. I risultati suggeriscono che, allevatori e politici che operano nell’area Mediterranea, dovrebbero tenere nella dovuta considerazione variabilità e scenari del THI nella pianificazione degli investimenti nel settore delle produzioni animali. Conoscere in anticipo il verificarsi di condizioni climatiche avverse permetterebbe agli allevatori di metter in atto misure di contrasto sugli effetti negativi delle condizioni climatiche. Inoltre, dovrebbero venire sviluppate misure di adattamento appropriate per contesti specifici in termini di cultura, società, o sistemi politici, che possano contribuire alla sostenibilità ambientale, nonché allo sviluppo economico e alla lotta alla povertà.
Weather and climate strongly influence the field of animal production. Heat stress causes a significant reduction in metabolic activity, production, reproductive capacity, and increases susceptibility to diseases. In the biological context, the air temperature is definitely considered the main factor of stress, however, high humidity worsens the effect of temperature by reducing the evaporation heat loss and thus preventing the removal of excess heat. The main purposes of the research were the characterization of the Mediterranean basin in terms of Temperature Humidity Index (THI) and to establish relationships between season/THI and mortality in dairy cattle bred in an Italian geographic area with a high concentration of dairy farms. THI variability and scenarios should be taken into careful consideration by farmers and policy makers operating in Mediterranean countries when planning investments. Investments should at least partially be directed to implementation of adaptation measures, which may support farmers in the transition to climate-smart agriculture and help them to alleviate the impact of hot extremes on animal welfare, performance and health. In addition, measures should be developed appropriate adaptation to the specific contexts in terms of culture, society, or political systems, which can contribute to environmental sustainability and economic development and fighting poverty.
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Book chapters on the topic "Lattice tray"

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Jackel, L. D., W. J. Skocpol, R. E. Howard, L. A. Fetter, R. W. Epworth, and D. M. Tennant. "Observing One Interface Trap: Lattice Versus Electron Temperature." In Proceedings of the 17th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors, 221–24. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7682-2_48.

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Llorente-Remartínez, Noelia, and Santos Galán. "CFD simulation of sieve tray hydraulics using the lattice Boltzmann method." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 37–42. Elsevier, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-63965-3.50008-8.

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Glusker, Jenny Pickworth, and Kenneth N. Trueblood. "Outline of a crystal structure determination." In Crystal Structure Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199576340.003.0024.

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The stages in a crystal structure analysis by diffraction methods are summarized in Figure 14.1 for a substance with fewer than about 1000 atoms. The principal steps are: (1) First it is necessary to obtain or grow suitable single crystals; this is sometimes a tedious and difficult process. The ideal crystal for X-ray diffraction studies is 0.2–0.3mm in diameter. Somewhat larger specimens are generally needed for neutron diffraction work. Various solvents, and perhaps several different derivatives of the compound under study, may have to be tried before suitable specimens are obtained. (2) Next it is necessary to check the crystal quality. This is usually done by finding out if the crystal diffracts X rays (or neutrons) and how well it does this. (3) If the crystal is considered suitable for investigation, its unitcell dimensions are determined. This can usually be done in 20 minutes, barring complications. The unit-cell dimensions are obtained by measurements of the locations of the diffracted beams (the reciprocal lattice) on the detecting device, these spacings being reciprocally related to the dimensions of the crystal lattice. The space group is deduced from the symmetry of, and the systematic absences in, the diffraction pattern. (4) The density of the crystal may be measured if the crystals are not sensitive to air, moisture, or temperature and can survive the process. Otherwise an estimated value (about 1.3g cm−3 if no heavy atoms are present) can be used. This will give the formula weight of the contents of the unit cell. From this it can be determined if the crystal contains the compound chosen for study, and how much solvent of crystallization is present. (5) At this point it is necessary to decide whether or not to proceed with a complete structure determination. The main question is, of course, whether the unit-cell contents are those expected. One must try to weigh properly the relevant factors, among which are: (i) Quite obviously, the intrinsic interest of the structure. (ii) Whether the diffraction pattern gives evidence of twinning, disorder, or other difficulties that will make the analysis, even if possible, at best of limited value.
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Sharma, Ramesh, Jisha Annie Abraham, Jagadish Chandra Mahato, Sajad Ahmed Dar, and Vipul Srivastava. "Ferromagnetism in Mn and Fe Doped LuN: A Potential Candidate for Spintronic Application." In Density Functional Theory - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99774.

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Diluted magnetic semiconductor (DMS) materials have gained a lot of attention in the last decade due to their possible use in spintronics. In this chapter, the effect of transition metal (TM) i.e., Mn and Fe doping on the structural, electronic, magnetic as well as optical properties of pure and doped LuN has been presented from the first principles density functional theory (DFT) calculation with the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof-generalized gradient approximation (PBE-GGA) and Tran Blaha modified Becke-Johnson potential (TB-mBJ) as correlation potentials. The predicted Curie temperature is expected to be greater than room temperature in order to better understand the ferromagnetic phase stability, which has also been confirmed through the formation and cohesive energies. The calculated lattice constants for perfect LuN (rock-salt structure) are in good agreement with the experimental values. Interestingly, doping of Mn and Fe on pure LuN displays indirect band gap to a direct band gap with half metallic and metallic character. The detailed analyses combined with density of state calculations support the assignment that the Half-magnetism and magnetism are closely related to the impurity band at the origin of the hybridization of transition states in the Mn-doped LuN. Absorption spectra are blue shifted upon increase in dopant contents and absorption peaks are more pronounced in UV region. The refractive index and dielectric constant show increase in comparison to the pure LuN. According to the Penn’s model, the predicted band gaps and static actual dielectric constants vary. These band gaps are in the near visible and ultraviolet ranges, as well as the Lu0.75TM0.25N (TM = Fe, Mn) materials could be considered possible candidates for the production of optoelectronic, photonic, and spintronic devices in the future.
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Chimowitz, Eldred H. "The Renormalization-Group Method." In Introduction to Critical Phenomena in Fluids. Oxford University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195119305.003.0012.

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The renormalization-group (RG) method discussed in this chapter has assumed a pivotal role in the modern theory of critical phenomena. It attempts to relate the partition function of a given system to that of a “similar system” with decreased degrees of freedom through a process referred to as renormalization. Exactly how these degrees of freedom are removed from the system, what we mean by a “similar” system, and how successive systems are coupled to one another are essentially the questions we take up in the introductory treatment given in this chapter. The RG method is a topic with large scope and found widely disseminated in an extensive physics literature on the topic; however, it is seldom found in engineering journals. Our purpose here is to try and make sense of some basic ideas with the RG approach so that it is more accessible to this wider community. For this we often rely upon some prior exposes of the subject in more specialized settings [1, 2, 3, 5]. In its complete sense, the RG method has only been made to work, at least analytically, for a few simple statistical-mechanical models. But aside from these numerical results, many important and quite general insights about critical phenomena can be developed from studying this approach to the problem, especially the central role played by length scale as a factor in describing the phenomenology. These ideas have significantly enhanced our understanding of ideas like scale invariance, universality classes, relevant scaling fields (as opposed to irrelevant ones), Hamiltonian renormalization, and so on; these and related concepts lie at the center of modern discourse on the subject. The essential concepts of the approach can be well illustrated using the Ising system since, with this model, lattice spins are fixed in space, which makes the analytical work quite transparent. This approach, called real space renormalization, is the RG method studied in this chapter.
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Conference papers on the topic "Lattice tray"

1

Rattanasonti, H., P. Srinivasan, M. Kraft, R. C. Sterling, S. Weidt, K. Lake, S. C. Webster, and W. K. Hensinger. "Microfabricated two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal lattice trap." In 2013 IEEE Sensors. IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsens.2013.6688359.

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2

Tamura, Akinori, Shiro Takahashi, Hiroyuki Nakata, and Akio Takota. "Development of Evaluation Method for Cold Trap in Fast Breeder Reactor: Part 1 — Numerical Analysis of Impurity Precipitation on Mesh Wire." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67702.

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A cold trap is one of the important components in the Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR) to control oxygen and hydrogen concentration of liquid sodium. For more accurate evaluation of the cold trap performance, we have started a research program to develop the evaluation method based on the 3D numerical analysis. Our evaluation method consists of two steps: one is a numerical analysis of sodium compound deposition on the mesh wires; the other is a numerical analysis of the sodium flow in the cold trap where the effect of the sodium compound deposition is considered as local pressure loss increment. In this study, we have focused on the development of the numerical analysis method of the sodium compound deposition on the mesh wires of the cold trap. As a numerical method, we have adopted the lattice Boltzmann method which is known to be useful for the flow simulation around the complex geometry like the mesh wires. In order to apply the lattice Boltzmann method to the sodium compound deposition simulation around the mesh wire, we proposed a low Reynolds number model and an impurity precipitation model for the conventional lattice Boltzmann method. The low Reynolds number model was validated by a comparison with a theoretical solution of the two-dimensional channel flow. To validate the impurity precipitation model, we conducted a precipitation experiment by using the supersaturated sucrose in the water instead of the liquid sodium with the oxygen and the hydrogen. The comparison between the experiment and the simulation showed good agreement regarding the pressure loss increment. From these results, we confirmed the accuracy of the low Reynolds number model and the impurity precipitation model. The accuracy of our models in the sodium condition will be confirmed in the future study.
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3

McFerran, J. J., S. Mejri, L. Yi, and S. Bize. "Toward a mercury optical lattice clock: Development of a dipole lattice trap at the magic wavelength." In 2010 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2010.5544418.

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4

Tanaka, U., K. Suzuki, and S. Urabe. "Development of a surface electrode trap for two-dimensional ion lattice." In 2013 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleopr.2013.6600616.

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5

Petersen, M., J. Millo, D. V. Magalhaes, C. Mandache, S. T. Dawkins, R. Chicireanu, Y. Lecoq, et al. "Magneto-Optical Trap of Neutral Mercury for an Optical Lattice Clock." In 2008 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/freq.2008.4623038.

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6

Lee, Seungrag, Youngjae Won, Junki Kim, and K. Oh. "2-Dimensional Optical Trap and Lattices generated by DMD – ALP." In Frontiers in Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/fio.2006.ftuw4.

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7

Mejri, S., J. J. McFerran, L. Yi, and S. Bize. "Towards an optical lattice clock based on mercury: Loading of a dipole trap." In EFTF-2010 24th European Frequency and Time Forum. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eftf.2010.6533642.

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8

Katori, Hidetoshi. "Engineering Stark Potentials for Precision Measurements: Optical Lattice Clock and Electrodynamic Surface Trap." In ATOMIC PHYSICS 19: XIX International Conference on Atomic Physics; ICAP 2004. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1928846.

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Curtis, E. A., G. P. Barwood, Y. B. Ovchinnikov, I. R. Hill, and P. Gill. "Development of a neutral strontium lattice trap optical clock at the National Physical Laboratory." In 2008 Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpem.2008.4574709.

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Cambier, V., C. Guo, J. Calvert, L. De Sarlo, and S. Bize. "Towards Using a 2D Magneto-Optical Trap to Improve a Mercury Optical Lattice Clock." In 2019 Joint Conference of the IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium anEuropean Frequency and Time Forum (EFTF/IFC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fcs.2019.8856115.

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