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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Lattice spin'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 September 2023

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Berge, Siri Alva. "Phase diagrams of finite spin chains withcoupled spin and lattice vibrations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448790.

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The spin-lattice coupling is due to itinerant electrons interacting with both spins of ions and phonons, mediating a coupling between magnetic spin moments andlattice vibrations. In this project, the coupling is studied systematically for finitequantum spin chains of size 2 – 10. The coupling is included in a Hamiltonian model with the Heisenberg exchange interaction and an external magnetic fieldresulting in an eigenvalue problem which is solved numerically to find phase diagrams of the magnetic moment of the system depending on an external magneticfield and the lattice vibration parameter. T

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2

Benassi, Costanza. "On classical and quantum lattice spin systems." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2018. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108566/.

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This thesis focuses on some results about quantum and classical lattice spin systems. We study a wide class of two-dimensional quantum models which enjoy a U(1) symmetry. Using the so called complex rotation method we show that the decay of the relevant correlation functions is at least algebraically fast. We provide some examples of relevant models which belong to our class. We review some results present in the literature concerning the so called GriffthsGinibre inequalities for the classical XY model and propose a generalisation to its quantum counterpart. Correlation inequalities indeed ho

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3

Tarnawski, Maciej. "Asymptotic phase diagrams for lattice spin systems." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53610.

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We present a method of constructing the phase diagram at low temperatures, using the low temperature expansions. We consider spin Iattice systems described by a Hamiltonian with a d-dimensional perturbation space. We prove that there is a one-one correspondence between subsets of the phase diagram and extremal elements of some family of convex sets. We also solve a linear programming problem of the phase diagram for a set of affine functionals.<br>Ph. D.

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4

Collins, Alexander Rory Physics Faculty of Science UNSW. "Quantum lattice models." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Physics, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43408.

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This thesis presents studies of the low energy properties of nseveral frustrated spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnets using various analytic and computational methods. The models studied include the union jack model, the alternating Heisenberg chain, the Heisenberg bilayer model, and the spin-Peierls model. The union jack model is a Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin model with frustration, and is analyzed using spin-wave theory. For small values of the frustrating coupling $\alpha$, the system is N{\' e}el ordered, while for large $\alpha$ the frustration is found to induce a canted phase. Spi

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5

Berge, Siri Alva. "Phase Diagrams of Finite Spin Chains with Coupled Spin and Lattice Vibrations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Materialteori, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-449117.

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The spin-lattice coupling is due to itinerant electrons interacting with both spins of ions and phonons, mediating a coupling between magnetic spin moments and lattice vibrations. In this project, the coupling is studied systematically for finite quantum spin chains of size 2 – 10. The coupling is included in a Hamiltonian model with the Heisenberg exchange interaction and an external magnetic field resulting in an eigenvalue problem which is solved numerically to find phase diagrams of the magnetic moment of the system depending on an external magneticfield and the lattice vibration parameter

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6

Aßmann, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Atomistic simulation of spin-lattice dynamics / Matthias Aßmann." Konstanz : Bibliothek der Universität Konstanz, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1173616292/34.

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7

Harper, R. E. "Anomalous nuclear spin-lattice relaxation peaks in InSb." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.373036.

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8

Benassi, Costanza. "Su(3) lattice gauge theories and spin chains." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7171/.

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I modelli su reticolo con simmetrie SU(n) sono attualmente oggetto di studio sia dal punto di vista sperimentale, sia dal punto di vista teorico; particolare impulso alla ricerca in questo campo è stato dato dai recenti sviluppi in campo sperimentale per quanto riguarda la tecnica dell’intrappolamento di atomi ultrafreddi in un reticolo ottico. In questa tesi viene studiata, sia con tecniche analitiche sia con simulazioni numeriche, la generalizzazione del modello di Heisenberg su reticolo monodimensionale a simmetria SU(3). In particolare, viene proposto un mapping tra il modello di Heisenber

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9

Magnusson, Einar B. "High-spin impurities and surface acoustic waves in piezoelectric crystals for spin-lattice coupling." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:09d23fb2-f501-4be2-a25f-b69ada0ce5b1.

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In this thesis we investigate various aspects of SAW devices and strain sensitive spin species in ZnO and LiNbO<sub>3</sub> for coupling surface acoustic waves to spin ensembles. Firstly, we performed a series of ESR experiments exploring the potential of Fe<sup>3+</sup> impurities in ZnO for spin-lattice coupling. This spin system has already been identified as a high potential quantum technology component due to its long coherence time. We show that the system also has good properties for spin-lattice coupling experiments, with a strain-coupling parameter G<sub>33</sub> = 280 ± 5GHz/strain,

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10

Turner, Helen J. "Proton NMR spin lattice relaxation studies of solid polyethylenes." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243420.

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11

del, Valle-Inclán Redondo Yago Baltasar. "Spin and lattice properties of optically trapped exciton polaritons." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284554.

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Exciton-polaritons are the fundamental excitations arising from the strong coupling of quantum well excitons and cavity photons in semiconductor microcavities. They are compound bosons for which stimulated scattering and macroscopic occupation of single quantum states can occur at sufficiently high densities. One way of creating such polariton condensates is with nonresonant optical pumping. Doing so creates a large density of free- carriers and excitons that strongly interact and blueshift the polariton energy levels. Using spatially patterned nonresonant fields, the polariton potential lands

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12

Tomeno, Shinya. "Experimental Study of Organic Triangular Lattice Quantum Spin Liquids." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/254505.

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13

Benton, John Owen. "Classical and quantum spin liquids on the pyrochlore lattice." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681486.

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The study of frustrated magnetism sits at the frontier of modern condensed matter physics, offering the possibility to discover new states of matter with exotic excitations. A textbook example of this is seen in the rare earth pyrochlore oxides H02Ti20 7 and DY2Ti207, better known as "spin ice". These magnets exhibit a classical spin liquid state with emergent magnetic monopole excitations. Inspired by this, we explore in this thesis a wide landscape of possibilities for novel magnetic behaviour on the pyrochlore lattice. Starting from the most general model for anisotropic nearest neighbour e

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14

Fong, Manson Cheuk-Man. "Heisenberg model with spin anisotropy on the Kagomé lattice /." View abstract or full-text, 2008. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?PHYS%202008%20ZFONG.

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15

Allalen, Mohammed. "Magnetic properties and proton spin-lattice relaxation in molecular clusters." Doctoral thesis, [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979984777.

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16

Cochran, Christopher S. "Even-number spin correlations on two-dimensional Ising lattice structures." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1237760.

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Many physical systems can be represented by a regular arrangement of molecules in a lattice structure. Knowing how neighboring molecules in the lattice interact with one another can give great insight into a material's macroscopic behavior. A very popular and effective means of investigating these microscopic interactions is the Ising Model. This model, suggested first by Wilhelm Lenz in 1920 and later expanded by Ernst Ising in 1925, is based on the assumptions that each molecule in a lattice structure can be represented by its spin value (+l or -1) and that only nearest neighbors contribute

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17

Huang, Yang. "Analysis of NMR Spin-lattice Relaxation Dispersion on Complex Systems." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Kemiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-110721.

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This thesis focus on the analysis of spin-lattice NMRD relaxation profilesmeasured in various complex systems such as proteins, zeolites and ionicliquids. Proton, deuterium and fluoride T1-NMRD relaxation profiles wereobtained from a fast-field cycling (FFC) instrument. It is found that alsopossible to obtain NMRD profiles from the molecular dynamics (MD)simulation trajectories. NMRD Profiles were analyzed by using differentrelaxation models, such as the Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan (SBM) theoryand the Stochastic Liouville (SL) theory. Paper I described the hydration of protein PrxV obtained fro

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18

Dutreix, Clément. "Impurity and boundary modes in the honeycomb lattice." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112217/document.

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La présente thèse s’articule autour de deux sujets. Le premier concerne la localisation des électrons en présence d’impuretés ou d’interfaces dans le réseau hexagonal. Le deuxième, en revanche, traite de l’accumulation de spin dans un supraconducteur hors-Équilibre de type s.Le graphène est la principale motivation de la première partie. Ce matériau bidimensionnel consiste en un feuillet d’atomes de carbones et peut être décrit comme un réseau hexagonal, c’est-à-dire un réseau de Bravais triangulaire avec un motif diatomique. La structure de bande électronique révèle alors l’existence d’électr

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19

Kenneway, Debra A. "An Investigation of the Two-Dimensional Ising Spin Glass Using Information Theoretic Measures." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2005. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/KennewayDA2005.pdf.

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20

Ono, Koki. "Two-Orbital Quantum Gases in an Optical Lattice: Interorbital Spin-Exchange Dynamics and Spin-Space Quantum Transport." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263444.

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21

Taie, Shintaro. "Ultracold Fermi Gases with High Spin Symmetry in an Optical Lattice." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/175106.

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22

Dimitrova, Ivana Ljubomirova. "Realizing quantum spin models with ⁷Li atoms in an optical lattice." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/128327.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, February, 2020<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 279-292).<br>Quantum spin Hamiltonians are paradigmatic models, which display different kinds of quantum phase transitions, strongly-correlated and topological ground states, and various regimes of transport. Expanding their significance, many mappings exist between quantum spin models and other systems in different areas of physics, mathematics, and beyond. Even though quantum spin models have been studied extensive

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23

Liu, Yuzhi. "Renormalization group and phase transitions in spin, gauge, and QCD like theories." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/4872.

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In this thesis, we study several different renormalization group (RG) methods, including the conventional Wilson renormalization group, Monte Carlo renormalization group (MCRG), exact renormalization group (ERG, or sometimes called functional RG), and tensor renormalization group (TRG). We use the two dimensional nearest neighbor Ising model to introduce many conventional yet important concepts. We then generalize the model to Dyson's hierarchical model (HM), which has rich phase properties depending on the strength of the interaction

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24

Platt, William N. "Proton NMR relaxation studies of water in pulp fibers." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/7045.

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25

Green, R. M. "NMR and neutron scattering investigations of molecular motion in the solid state." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233682.

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26

Heine, Matthew. "Ab Initio Theory of Thermal Spin-Lattice Disorder in Iron and Invar:." Thesis, Boston College, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108985.

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Thesis advisor: David Broido<br>Despite its deceptive simplicity and because of its scientific and technological importance, bcc Fe is still the subject of research and debate. We develop an ab initio theoretical framework and apply it to calculate temperature-dependent phonon modes and magnetic interaction parameters in bcc Fe. This framework incorporates realistic thermal disorder in a coupled spin-lattice system. Thermal spin-lattice coupling is found to significantly renormalize the phonon modes and magnetic interaction strength, resulting in significant temperature-dependencies. A method

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27

Shinjo, Kazuya. "Density-matrix renormalization group study of quantum spin systems with Kitaev-type anisotropic interaction." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215292.

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28

Solomon, Lazarus. "Study of spin-lattice relaxation rates in solids lattice-frame method compared with quantum density-matrix method, and Glauber dynamic /." Master's thesis, Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2006. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11062006-114635.

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29

Zou, Haiyuan. "Tensor renormalization group methods for spin and gauge models." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1420.

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The analysis of the error of perturbative series by comparing it to the exact solution is an important tool to understand the non-perturbative physics of statistical models. For some toy models, a new method can be used to calculate higher order weak coupling expansion and modified perturbation theory can be constructed. However, it is nontrivial to generalize the new method to understand the critical behavior of high dimensional spin and gauge models. Actually, it is a big challenge in both high energy physics and condensed matter physics to develop accurate and efficient numerical algorithms

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30

Flynn, James S. "A study of two quantum spin models on the body-centred cubic lattice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0028/MQ36440.pdf.

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31

Chilukuri, Raghu N. "Spin Diffusion Associated with a Quantum Random Walk on a One-Dimensional Lattice." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1406820159.

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32

Groves, Ronald William. "O17 spin-lattice relaxation solid state NMR studies of pure and doped ices." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1021903674.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2002.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xx, 128 p.; also contains graphics. Includes abstract and vita. Co-advisors: Charles H. Pennington and James V. Coe, Dept. of Chemistry. Includes bibliographical references (p. 124-128).

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33

Wiese, Christian. "Investigating new lattice approaches to the momentum and spin structure of the nucleon." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17522.

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Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Berechnung von für die Struktur des Nukleons relevanten Observablen, die experimentell durch inklusive und semi-inklusive Streuexperimente bestimmt werden können. Es werden zwei Pilotstudien erörtert, welche die Spin- und Impulsstruktur des Nukleons mithilfe von Gitter-QCD untersuchen. Hierfür wird der Twisted-Mass-Formalismus mit dynamischen Fermionen verwendet, um sicherzustellen, dass die untersuchten Größen einen verbesserten Kontinuumslimes aufweisen. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit untersucht die Umsetzbarkeit einer Rechnung, die sich mit dem durchschn

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34

Andersson, Jonatan. "A lattice model for topological phases." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörsvetenskap och fysik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-28281.

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Matter exists in many different phases, for example in solid state or in liquid phase. There are also phases in which the ordering of atoms is the same, but which differ in some other respect, for example ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states. According to Landau's symmetry breaking theory every phase transition is connected to a symmetry breaking process. A solid material has discrete translational symmetry, while liquid phase has continuous translational symmetry. But it has turned out that there also exist phase transitions that can occur without a symmetry breaking. This phenomenon is call

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35

Bunn, Barbara B. "Studies on the preparation and characterization of novel water-soluble catalysts." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-170743/.

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36

Padilla, Pantoja Jessica. "Spin‐lattice coupling in strongly correlated cobalt oxides investigated by synchrotron and neutron techniques." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/381262.

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El trabajo que se presenta en esta tesis has sido realizado entre Enero del 2011 y Diciembre del 2015 en el Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), con la colaboración del Sincrotrón ALBA (Cerdanyola del Vallès). Los óxidos de cobalto presentan numerosas propiedades funcionales y fenómenos físicos de interés como magnetorresistencia gigante, doble intercambio, separación de fases, cambios de estado de espín, transiciones metal-aislante (TMI), alto poder termoeléctrico, difusión de oxígeno, conducción mixta, orden de carga, orbital, de estado de espín o superconductividad

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37

Riegger, Luis [Verfasser], and Immanuel [Akademischer Betreuer] Bloch. "Interorbital spin exchange in a state-dependent optical lattice / Luis Riegger ; Betreuer: Immanuel Bloch." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184202729/34.

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38

Shen, Lingjia. "Spin and lattice structures in materials with competing interactions investigated by neutron scattering techniques." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7045/.

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Three magnetic materials, including γ-CoV\(_2\)O\(_6\),Pr\(_0\)\(_.\)\(_5\)Ca\(_0\)\(_.\)\(_5\)Mn\(_0\)\(_.\)\(_9\)\(_7\)Ga\(_0\)\(_.\)\(_0\)\(_3\)O\(_3\), and Y\(_2\)(Cr\(_1\)\(_-\)\(_χ\)Ga\(_χ\)\(_-\)\(_0\)\(_.\)\(_5\)Sb\(_0\)\(_.\)\(_5\))\(_2\)O\(_7\)(χ = 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9), in which the magnetic or crystallographic structure shows strong correlations with the competing interactions (e.g. electron-lattice coupling, spin exchange interactions, single-ion anisotropy), have been explored by the neutron diffraction and small angle neutron scattering techniques. For the quasi-one-dimension

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39

Mitchell, Chad A. "Besign-directed measurements of B1 heterogeneity and spin-lattice relaxation for 8 Tesla MRI." The Ohio State University, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1095684374.

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40

Mitchell, Chad Alan. "Design-directed measurements of B1 heterogeneity and spin-lattice relaxation for 8 Tesla MRI." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1095684374.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.<br>Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxx, 256 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-193).

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41

Nakamura, Yasuyuki. "Existence of a compensation temperature of a mixed spin-2 and spin-5/2 Ising ferrimagnetic system on a layered honeycomb lattice." The American Physical Society, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7150.

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42

Halász, Gábor B. "Doping a topological quantum spin liquid : slow holes in the Kitaev honeycomb model." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:928ba58d-c69c-4e85-8d49-677d7e9c0fdc.

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We present a controlled microscopic study of hole dynamics in both a gapped and a gapless quantum spin liquid. Our approach is complementary to previous phenomenological works on lightly doped quantum spin liquids as we introduce mobile holes into the ground state of the exactly solvable Kitaev honeycomb model. In the spatially anisotropic (Abelian) gapped phase of the model, we address the properties of a single hole [its internal degrees of freedom as well as its hopping properties], a pair of holes [their absolute and relative particle statistics as well as their interactions], and the coll

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43

Le, Gros Mark. "NMRON studies of insulating magnetic materials." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30569.

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Selective excitation pulsed NMRON, CW-NMRON and Thermal NMR methods have been used to study the low temperature ⁵⁴Mn nuclear spin-lattice relaxation mechanisms in magnetic insulators. The selective single and double quantum excitation sequences have been used for the first time in NMRON to obtain single and double quantum rotation patterns, Free Induction Decays, Hahn spin echoes and pulsed T₁ measurements. Two insulating magnets have been studied; MnCl₂.4H₂O and Mn(COOCH₃ )₂ .4H₂O. In the ⁵⁴Mn-MnCl₂ .4H₂O system the temperature dependence of the ⁵⁴Mn spin-lattice relaxation time at zero fie

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44

Bookjans, Eva M. "Relative number squeezing in a Spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/37148.

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The quantum properties of matter waves, in particular quantum correlations and entanglement are an important frontier in atom optics with applications in quantum metrology and quantum information. In this thesis, we report the first observation of sub-Poissonian fluctuations in the magnetization of a spinor 87Rb condensate. The fluctuations in the magnetization are reduced up to 10 dB below the classical shot noise limit. This relative number squeezing is indicative of the predicted pair-correlations in a spinor condensate and lay the foundation for future experiments involving spin-squeezing

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45

Schweizer, Christian [Verfasser], та Immanuel [Akademischer Betreuer] Bloch. "Minimal instances for ℤ₂ lattice gauge theories and spin pumps / Christian Schweizer ; Betreuer: Immanuel Bloch". München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1196529140/34.

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46

Yu, QinQin. "Characterization of a two-color magneto-optical trap for a spin-squeezed optical lattice clock." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/100323.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2015.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 57-58).<br>We experimentally realize a magneto-optical trap (MOT) for ytterbium that simultaneously scatters light from two atomic transitions, in order to reduce the minimum magnetic field gradient required for trapping atoms. From the experimental data, we propose a model of the MOT where one transition is responsible for trapping the atoms the other transition is responsible for cooling the atoms. In order to test this model

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47

Ko, Wing-Ho. "Novel magnetic and superconducting states in spin-1/2 kagome lattice and its doped variant." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/68976.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-128).<br>Quantum spin liquids, which are quantum ground states of interacting spin systems that break no symmetries, have long been a fascination among the theoretical condensed matter community. After years of experimental searches, several promising candidates finally emerged, including herbertsinithite ZnCu3 (OH)6 Cl2 , which can be modeled as a spin-1/2 kagome lattice. Theoretically, the U(1) Dirac spin liquid (U(1) DSL) sta

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48

Morais, Alysson Ferreira. "Uma abordagem tensorial para o estudo de dualidades entre modelos de spin na rede." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-14112014-130241/.

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Neste trabalho, estudamos as dualidades entre modelos de spin em redes bidimensionais a partir de uma abordagem tensorial. Nessa abordagem, componentes de tensores são associadas aos vértices e arestas da rede de forma que a função de partição Z é construída a partir da contração dos índices dessas componentes e é, portanto, um escalar por mudanças de base da álgebra de grupo C[G] utilizada para a definição dos tensores. A partir daí, e observando que a forma das componentes fixam o modelo estudado, obtemos um modelo diferente para cada mudança de base proposta. Esses diferentes modelos possui

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49

Merdan, Mohammad Ghanim Merdan. "Study of the excited states of the quantum antiferromagnets." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/study-of-the-excited-states-of-the-quantum-antiferromagnets(dfd01ec6-806c-464a-9b68-910217679c3c).html.

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We investigate the quantum dynamics of the spins on different Heisenberg antiferromagnetic spin lattice systems. Firstly, we applied the coupled-cluster method to the spin-1/2 antiferromagnetic XXZ model on a square lattice by employing an approximation which contains two-body long-range correlations and high-order four-body local correlations. Improvement is found for the ground-state energy, sublattice magnetization, and the critical anisotropy when comparing with the approximation including the two-body correlations alone. We also obtain the full excitation spectrum which is in good agreeme

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Foster, Martyn Stuart. "Adjoint sources, disconnected loops and other fruit of lattice QCD." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366408.

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