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1

Yamamoto, Kazuhiro. "Boundary Conditions for Combustion Field and LB Simulation of Diesel Particulate Filter." Global Science Press, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20029.

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2

Nakamura, Masamichi, and Kazuhiro Yamamoto. "Simulation of heat conduction and soot combustion in diesel particulate filter." Inderscience publishers, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20055.

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3

Nouri, Moudhaffar. "Simulation numérique directe des transferts de chaleur et de masse dans les milieux hétérogènes Enthalpic lattice Boltzmann formulation for unsteady heat conduction in heterogeneous media." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASC032.

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La caractérisation des milieux hétérogènes est au coeur de l'efficacité énergétique. De nous jours, le recours à la simulation numérique est en plein développement pour se substituer partiellement au travail expérimental fastidieux requis pour la caractérisation. Pour cela, la théorie de changement d'échelle (upscaling) permet de représenter les transferts thermiques et massiques à une échelle macroscopique, un milieu fictif qui masque les hétérogénéités, par des propriétés effectives. L'ensemble ces méthodes classiques supposent la présence d'un équilibre local entre les différentes phases de milieu. Cette hypothèse est mise en défaut pour plusieurs configurations pourtant assez courantes en pratique (milieux hétérogènes à propriétés thermophysiques contrastées, structuration en phase conductrice et phase de stockage...). D'autres approches telles que la modélisation multiéchelle ou le modèle macroscopique avec effet mémoire sont nécessaires . Au-delà de ces modèles qui restent limités à certaines morphologies/propriétés, la modélisation à l'échelle de l'hétérogénéité par la simulation numérique directe (DNS) est une méthode très générique applicable pour n'importe quel milieu hétérogène, dans la limite de la taille accessible avec les outils actuels (imagerie 3D et ressources de calcul).Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans cette voie et propose un ensemble de travaux menés à l'échelle des hétérogénéités pour étudier les phénomènes de transfert thermique et massique. Pour l'étude des phénomènes de transfert thermique isolé, la méthode émergente Lattice Boltzmann (LBM) a été choisie. Cette méthode est connue pour sa facilité de programmation et son aptitude au calcul haute performance. Cependant, sa version thermique standard (Thermal Lattice Boltzmann-TLBM) est incapable de traiter le transfert thermique transitoire avec différentes inerties thermiques des phases du milieu. Deux méthodes sont proposées afin de l'étendre pour ce cas. Le premier modèle se base sur une correction par l'ajout d'un terme source fonction des différentes inerties des phases du milieu. Ce terme est exprimé sous la forme d'un flux thermique et discrétisé par différences finies. Dans la même démarche, un deuxième modèle a été développé afin de conserver les propriétés de la localité de la méthode LBM. Un schéma LBM modifié est proposé pour prendre en compte l'inertie thermique locale sans aucune modification de la structure de la méthode autre que l'introduction d'une deuxième fonction de distribution à une seule composante.Pour les transferts couplés multiphysiques chaleur/masse/quantité de mouvement en milieux complexes, on a choisi de travailler avec la méthode des volumes finis connue par sa fiabilité et sa robustesse. La formulation développée est basée sur les équations de Navier-Stokes en présence des phénomènes de transfert couplé : écoulement de mélange, changement de phase, sorption, conduction thermique et diffusion massique. Il s'agit donc d'une formulation très complète. Des techniques de résolution adaptées à la forte non-linéarité et au couplage du système discrétisé sont utilisées. Le solveur ILU-BiCGStab et la méthode de relaxation ont été utilisés pour assurer une résolution stable et efficace du système d'équations.Un exemple de résolution est proposé à la fin du manuscrit. Ce travail est donc prêt pour tirer parti des derniers progrès en science des matériaux, tant sur les fabuleuses possibilités imagerie 3D que sur la puissance du calcul haute performance (HPC)
The characterization of heterogeneous media is at the heart of energy efficiency. Nowadays, the use of numerical simulation is in full development to partially replace the tedious experimental work required for characterization. The theory of upscaling makes it possible to study heat and mass transfers on a macroscopic scale masking heterogeneities by using fictitious parameters called effective properties. All these classical methods assume the presence of local equilibrium between the different phases of the medium. Yet, The validity of this hypothesis is not assured for several configurations that are quite common in practice (heterogeneous media with contrasting thermophysical properties, structuring in conductive and storage phases, etc.). Commonly, other approaches, such as multi-scale modeling or macroscopic model with memory effects, are used for these cases. Beyond these models which remain limited to certain morphologies/properties, heterogeneity scale modeling by direct numerical simulation (DNS) is a universal method applicable for any heterogeneous media, within the limit of the size accessible with current tools (3D imaging and computational resources).This thesis work is in line with this approach and proposes a set of works carried out on the scale of heterogeneities to study heat and mass transfer phenomena. For the study of isolated heat transfer phenomena, the emerging Lattice Boltzmann (LB) method was chosen. This method is known for its facility of programming and its suitability for high-performance computing. However, its standard thermal version (Thermal Lattice Boltzmann-TLBM) is unable to deal with transient heat transfer with heterogeneity of the thermal inertias of the medium phases. Two methods are proposed to extend it for this case. The first LB model is based on a correction by adding a source term depending on the different inertias of the phases of the medium. This term is expressed in the form of a thermal flux and discritized by finite differences. In the same approach, a second model has been developed in order to preserve the locality properties of the LB method. A modified LB balance is proposed to take into account the local thermal inertia without any modification to the structure of the method other than the introduction of a second one-component distribution function.For coupled multiphysical heat/mass/momentum transfers in complex media, the finite volume method, known for its reliability and robustness, has been chosen. The formulation developed is based on Navier-Stokes equations in the presence of coupled transfer phenomena: mixing flow, phase change, sorption, thermal and mass diffusion. It is therefore a very comprehensive formulation. Solving techniques adapted to the strong non-linearity and coupling of the discretized system are used. The ILU-BiCGStab solver and the relaxation method were used to ensure a stable and efficient resolution of the system of equations.A sample resolution is provided at the end of the manuscript. This work is therefore ready to take advantage of the latest advances in materials science, both in terms of the fabulous 3D imaging possibilities and the power of High Performance Computing (HPC)
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4

Mabboux, Pierre-Yves. "Relaxation nucléaire dans les polymères conducteurs : application à l'étude de la conduction microscopique et développements théoriques." Grenoble INPG, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996INPG0172.

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Cette etude porte sur les proprietes de conduction des polymeres conducteurs et notamment sur la dynamique des excitations elementaires, polarons, au niveau microscopique. Le mouvement des polarons est etudie localement par l'intermediaire des spins nucleaires fixes #1h disposes le long des chaines polymeres. Observes par resonance magnetique nucleaire, la relaxation nucleaire #1h est proportionnelle a la densite spectrale du mouvement des spins electroniques mobiles (dynamique de spin). Nous tirons des mesures du temps de relaxation t#1 en fonction de la frequence de larmor les coefficients de diffusion des polarons le long des chaines, d#/#/, et entre les chaines, d. En premiere partie de recueil, cette technique a ete mise a profit pour etudier les relations structure/proprietes dans deux familles de polymeres conducteurs, la polyaniline et les poly-(3-alkylthiophenes). Nous avons relie leurs proprietes de conduction, examinees au niveau microscopique par dynamique de spin, au desordre, chimique, structural ou morphologique, qui est varie dans ces deux composes. Dans la deuxieme partie du memoire, nous avons cherche a developper l'outil de dynamique de spin afin de l'adapter a des situations particulieres que l'on peut rencontrer dans les polymeres conducteurs. D'une part, nous avons etudie l'effet de la taille finie des chaines sur la dynamique des spins electroniques. D'autre part, nous avons propose un modele decrivant la relaxation nucleaire spin-reseau dans les solides heterogenes. Celui-ci a ete ensuite mis a profit pour etudier, de maniere quantitative, des resultats obtenus sur un echantillon partiellement protone de polyaniline
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5

Corallini, Serena. "Structure and dynamics of a new Brownmillerite compound Sr₂₋ₓBaₓScGaO₅ in view of possible application as oxygen ion electrolite at moderate temperature." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REN1S172.

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Les conducteurs d'ions oxygène fonctionnant à des températures inférieures à 300 ° C sont des matériaux d'intérêt majeur pour une série d’applications technologiques telles que les piles à combustible solide, les batteries, les électrodes, les capteurs, des catalyseurs, etc. Cependant à l’heure actuelle, les conducteurs d'ions d'oxygène solides fonctionnent raisonnablement seulement à haute température, supérieure à 800°C, ce qui limite leur application. Dans la recherche de l'amélioration des conducteurs d'ions d'oxygène, la structure Brownmillérite (ABO2.5 éq. A2B2O5) a toujours joué un rôle important, en particulier dans le régime à basse température où la dynamique de la chaîne tétraédrique induit la mobilité de l'oxygène. Dans ce contexte, nous avons synthétisé une nouvelle phase Sr2-xBaxScGaO5 (avec x=0 SSGO et x= 0.1 SBSGO), contenant des ions 3d0 diamagnétiques et susceptible d’être un conducteur ionique pur. En fonction de la voie de synthèse, le composé présente deux polymorphes, orthorhombiques et cubiques, qui sont tous deux importants pour la conductivité de l'oxygène. La réaction à l’état solide conduit à une structure de type Brownmillerite orthorhombique tandis que la synthèse de fusion de zone (FTZ) donne une structure Pérovskite déficitaire en oxygène .Par diffraction neutronique sur poudre (D2B @ ILL) nous avons analysé la structure des deux polymorphes, en fonction de la température. Une analyse détaillée du type SSGO Brownmillerite montre que le Sc occupe les sites octaédriques, tandis que Ga occupe exclusivement les tétraèdres autres. Cet ordre de cations est assez inhabituel pour les structures de type Brownmillerite. La deuxième particularité est que Sr2-xBaxScGaO5 subit une transition de phase à partir d'une configuration ordonnée des chaines (GaO4), caractéristiques du groupe d’espace I2mb à température ambiante, vers une configuration désordonnée des chaînes dans le groupe d’espace Imma (à 500°C). Ce résultat important confirme notre hypothèse que le désordre est dynamique et il est la clé pour avoir un conducteur d'ions d'oxygène à températures modérées. La synthèse à des températures élevées (jusqu'à fusion), donne une structure cubique Pm ̅m, stable jusqu'à 1000 ° C. La structure est de type Pérovskite fortement déficitaire en oxygène. La mobilité de l’oxygène de ces nouveaux composés a été ensuite étudiée par la thermogravimétrie (TGA) couplée avec spectroscopie de masse (MS) après échange isotopique 18O-16O, par spectroscopie RAMAN et RMN couplée avec les calculs théoriques ab-initio (WIEN2k), par diffusion inélastique des neutrons (IN6@ILL) couplée avec des calculs de dynamiques moléculaire ab-initio (VASP). Les résultats obtenus via les études structurales et de dynamique de réseau montrent que l’activation de la mobilité ionique est liée à la transition vers la structure désordonnée Imma, qui implique une dynamique importante des chaines GaO4 et une diffusion unidimensionnel le long des canaux lacunaires. Ces résultats ont pu être reproduits par calculs de dynamique moléculaire, dans lesquels la diffusion ne concerne que les oxygènes des plans tétraédriques, et s’expliquent par des paramètres de maille a et c qui sont significativement augmentés par rapport à (Ca/Sr)FeO2.5
Oxygen ion conductors operating at low temperature, below 300 ° C, are materials of major interest for several applications in the area of solid state ionicsas solid fuel cells, batteries, electrodes, sensors, catalysts, etc. However till now, the solid oxygen ion conductor works reasonably only at high temperatures above 800 ° C, which limits their application. In the search for improved oxygen ion conductors Brownmillerite structures ( ABO2.5 eq. A2B2O5 ) has always played an important role, especially in the low temperature regime where the dynamics of the tetrahedral chain induced mobility of oxygen. In this context, we have synthesized a new phase Sr1-xBaxScGaO5 with x = 0 (SSGO) and x = 0.1 (SBSGO) containing diamagnetic 3d0 ions to have a pure ion conductor. Depending on the synthesis route, the compound has two polymorphs, orthorhombic and cubic, which are both important for the oxygen conductivity. The reaction in the solid state leads to an orthorhombic Brownmillerite-type structure, while tmeling synthesis (using the Travelling Floating Zone method FTZ ) gives an oxygen-deficient Perovskite structure. The structures of both polymorphs were analyzed using the neutron powder diffraction as function of the temperature (D2B@ILL). A detailed analysis of SSGO Brownmillerite type shows that the Sc occupies octahedral sites, while the Ga occupies exclusively the tetrahedral ones. This cation ordering is unusual for the Brownmillerite structures. Moreover Sr2-xBaxScGaO5 undergoes a phase transition from an ordered configuration of the tetrahedral chains (GaO4) characteristic of I2mb space-group at room temperature, toward a disordered one characteristic of Imma space group (500 ° C). This important result confirms that the disorder of the tetrahedral chains is dynamic and it is the key to have oxygen ion conductor at moderate temperatures. Synthesis at elevated temperatures (up to melting point) gives a cubic structure Pm ̅m, stable up to 1000 ° C. The Perovskite -type structure is highly oxygen deficient. The mobility of the oxygen of these new compounds was studied by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) after the isotope exchange 18O-16O, by Raman and NMR spectroscopy coupled with theoretical ab-initio calculations (WIEN2k), by inelastic neutron scattering (IN6@ILL) coupled with calculations of ab-initio molecular dynamics (VASP ) . The results obtained from the structural and the lattice dynamics studies show that activation of the ion mobility is related to the transition to a disordered structure Imma, which implies an important dynamics of the chains GaO4 and the diffusion along the one-dimensional vacancy channel. These results have been reproduced by molecular dynamics calculations, in which the diffusion pathway is due only to the oxygen in the tetrahedral planes
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6

Tomeno, Shinya. "Experimental Study of Organic Triangular Lattice Quantum Spin Liquids." Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/254505.

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7

Yamaga, Kazuki. "Conduction and diffusion of Fermi particles on lattices -from the standpoint of nonequilibrium statistical mechanics-." Doctoral thesis, Kyoto University, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/263654.

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8

Shaw, Cynthia Kit Man. "Mass transport in mixed conducting perovskite related oxides." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8380.

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9

Shimizu, Yasuhiro. "NMR study of spin liquid, Mott transition and superconductivity on the triangular-lattice organic conductor κ-(ET)2Cu2(CN)3." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/145109.

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10

Prabhakar, Tejas. "Study of Earth Abundant TCO and Absorber Materials for Photovoltaic Applications." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1382269621.

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11

Beau, Bénédicte. "Relaxation nucléaire dans un polymère conducteur à comportement métallique, la polyaniline." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10240.

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Ce memoire est consacre a l'etude des proprietes de transport electronique d'un polymere conducteur a comportement quasi-metallique, la polyaniline. La methode de dynamique de spin, basee sur des techniques de resonance magnetique nucleaire, constitue un moyen de s'affranchir d'une partie du desordre present dans les polymeres. Elle consiste a etudier le mouvement des porteurs de charge (polarons) par l'intermediaire des spins nucleaires fixes #1h disposes le long des chaines polymeres. La mesure de leur temps de relaxation spin-reseau, t#1, en fonction de la frequence, donne acces a la densite spectrale du mouvement des polarons et donc a la conduction microscopique. Dans une premiere partie, nous avons developpe cette methode sur le plan theorique afin de l'adapter a des situations particulieres que l'on peut rencontrer dans les polymeres conducteurs. Nous avons montre en particulier que lorsque le porteur de spin diffuse de facon 3d sur un reseau de n chaines 1d rassemblees dans un fagot infiniment long, la densite spectrale du mouvement est caracterisee par trois regimes : une diffusion 1d sur une chaine unique a haute frequence, suivie d'une diffusion 3d et, resultat nouveau, d'une diffusion pseudo-1d a tres basse frequence due au confinement du spin dans le fagot. Dans une seconde partie, nous avons mis en oeuvre la methode de dynamique de spin dans une large gamme de temperature (10 a 300k) et de frequence (10 a 500 mhz) sur des films de polyaniline metallique, dopee par l'acide camphre sulfonique (pani-csa). Nous avons interprete les resultats dans le cadre d'une image de desordre heterogene ou le polymere comporte des ilots cristallins metalliques 1d, connectes entre entre eux par des chaines electroniquement isolees 1d faiblement conductrices (regions amorphes). Nous avons montre que le vieillissement agit comme un processus de degradation progressive des ilots metalliques au profit des zones desordonnees. Enfin, nous avons analyse les resultats obtenus sur un echantillon de polyaniline partiellement dopee par l'acide chlorhydrique (pani-hcl) dans le cadre d'un modele decrivant la relaxation nucleaire spin-reseau dans les solides heterogenes. Cette etude a permis de confirmer le caractere heterogene du processus de protonation et de remonter a la taille des heterogeneites.
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12

Yang, Chen-yuch, and 楊鎮嶽. "Lattice Model Studies of Synchronization between Two Kinetic Oscillatory Catalysts via Thermal Conduction." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/34640453290839197568.

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碩士
國立中正大學
化學所
93
Abstract Monte-Carlo technique is applied to simulate the synchronization of kinetic oscillation via thermal conduction between two nano-scaled supported platinum particles. The kinetic oscillation is produced by carbon monoxide oxidation with subsurface oxygen formation and removal. The effects of distance between the two particles, heat dissipation efficiency and thermal conduction efficiency are investigated. The synchronization is destroyed when the distance is seven-fold longer of one platinum particle size. Heat dissipation has an opposite influence on synchronization comparing to thermal conduction. While decreasing heat dissipation from the substrate to the environment promotes the synchronization, decreasing thermal conduction efficiency isolates each oscillatory particle.
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13

Trots, Dmytro M. "Structure and Lattice Dynamics of Copper- and Silver-based Superionic Conducting Chalcogenides." Phd thesis, 2007. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/862/1/thesis_trots_1.pdf.

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The high-temperature crystal structure and lattice dynamics of superionic silver- and copper-based chalcogenides have been investigated by powder diffraction and inelastic neutron scattering. The obtained issues provide the experimental background for understanding of correlations between microscopic phenomena and macroscopic properties (ionic conductivity, thermodynamics, and thermal expansion). Moreover, these experimental results are an experimental base for further experimental (total scattering) and computational (molecular dynamics simulations) investigations of cation diffusion in superionic silver- and copper-based chalcogenides.
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14

Rajevac, Vedran. "Lattice dynamics in Hydrogenated Austenitic Stainless Steels and in the Superionic Conductor Cu 2-δ Se." Phd thesis, 2005. https://tuprints.ulb.tu-darmstadt.de/523/1/thesis1.pdf.

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The objects of research are lattice dynamics in fcc systems; austenitic stainless steels, hydrogenated austenitic stainless steels and superionic conductor Cu2-δSe. The thesis can be divided into three parts: modelling of lattice dynamics in austenitic stainless steels with different composition; modelling of optic modes of hydrogen vibrations in austenitic stainless steels with variation in alloying composition and hydrogen contents; investigation of structure and lattice dynamics of copper selenide Cu2-δSe compounds with different compositions. Firstly were investigated non-hydrogenated austenitic stainless steels. The experimental data phonon dispersion curves for the steels Fe-18Cr-12Ni-2Mo and Fe-18Cr-16Ni-10Mn are very similar. The Born-von-Karman model calculation together with the generalized force matrices (5 neighbouring shells) fits well to the experimental data. Using the Born-von Karman model with only two neighbouring shells and introducing the electron gas contribution instead, a significant improvement of the fit can be achieved. With this approach a satisfactory fitting with only few fitting parameters was obtained. In the further work INS study was performed on hydrogenated austenitic stainless steels. The experimental data for inelastic neutron scattering in highly hydrogenated austenitic stainless steels show significantly different results from the samples with medium and low hydrogen content. The fully hydrogenated samples have obviously a two peak structure due to the hydrogen-hydrogen interaction. In this system is used Born-von-Karman model(2 neighbour shell). In the samples with medium and low hydrogen content only one non-symmetric peak exists. Dominant term in this samples is due to influence of different alloying elements. The model which fit experimental data well is model of Einstein oscillators. The structure in α-copper selenide is determined as a function of composition . In Cu1.75Se, Cu1.78Se and Cu1.8Se at room temperature the cations occupy tetrahedral and octahedral interstices within the fcc anion sublattice. In Cu1.85Se and Cu2Se at elevated temperature no octahedral occupation has been detected, although considerable copper density is localised near the tetrahedral-octahedral boundary. The phase diagram of the system Cu-Se is not completely determined yet, especially on the low and high temperature regions. Diffraction studies gave indication that exsolution of copper in copper selenide occurs.
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15

Trots, Dmytro M. [Verfasser]. "Structure and lattice dynamics of copper- and silver-based superionic conducting chalcogenides / vorgelegt von Dmytro M. Trots." 2007. http://d-nb.info/98530166X/34.

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16

Rajevac, Vedran [Verfasser]. "Lattice dynamics in hydrogenated austenitic stainless steels and in the superionic conductor Cu2-δSe [Cu 2-delta Se] / by Vedran Rajevac." 2005. http://d-nb.info/973919396/34.

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17

Singh, Kshetrimayum Jugeshwar. "NMR Relaxation And Charge Transport In Conducting Polymers." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/916.

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Conducting and semiconducting polymers, consisting of delocalized π-electrons, have been studied for the past three decades. These materials have shown novel physical properties with interesting applications in batteries, detectors, light emitting diodes, field effect transistors, solar cells, biosensors etc. Nevertheless the charge transport properties are yet to be understood in detail due to the complexity of the system, especially due to the interplay of quasi-one dimensionality (q-1D), disorder, localization and electron-electron interactions(EEI). A combined investigation of both conductivity and spin lattice relaxation time, especially at very low temperatures and high magnetic fields, is really lacking in conducting polymers. In this thesis a set of experiments – dc conductivity, magnetoresistance (MR), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spin lattice relaxation time (T1) measurements, magnetic susceptibility amd ac conductivity have been carried out in conducting polymers. NMR being a local probe it is possible to get the nanoscopic scale charge transport mechanism. Further, this helps to develop a consistent understanding among a wide range of the physical properties in conducting polymers. In this thesis author has reported the results of experiments at ultra low temperature (mk) and ultra high magnetic field which give more insight about the roles of electron-electron interaction(EEI) and disorderin charge transport properties. This thesis describes a detailed study of charge transport and NMR relaxation in three representative conducting polymers namely polypyrrole(PPy)., poly-3-methylthiophene(P3MT) and poly3-hexylthiophene(P3HT). The emphasis is to understand the charge transport phenomena and NMR relaxation, especially at ultra low temperatures (down to 20 mk) and high magnetic field (up to 23.4 T). The NMR T1 relaxation mechanisms are discussed in terms of (i) Korringa relaxation, (ii) relaxation due to spin diffusion to paramagnetic centers (SDPC) amd (iii) reorientation of symmetric groups, depending upon the temperature range.
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18

Shamin, Saquib. "Electrical Transport in Si:P and Ge:P δ-doped Systems." Thesis, 2015. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/2005/3915.

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Doped semiconductor systems have for decades provided an excellent platform to study novel concepts in solid state physics such as quantum hall effect, metal-to-insulator transition (MIT), weak localization and many body interaction effects. Doped Si, in particular and doped Ge has been studied extensively to study MIT as a function of dopant concentration or uniaxial stress. Spin transport phenomena have also been probed in bulk doped Si. All the previous studies involved bulk doped semiconductors where the dopants are spread through the bulk of the material. However spatial confinement of dopants in one or more dimensions may lead to a range of exotic quantum phenomena such as an absence of Anderson localization in one and two dimensions, hole-mediated (Nagaoka) ferromagnetism and new modes of quantum transport, when the Fermi energy lies at or close to centre of the band. Since many of these phenomena are inherent to lower dimensions, it has been hard to observe these experimentally in bulk doped crystals of Si and Ge. Recent advances in the monolayer doping techniques with atoms that closely pack on a surface, has made it possible to design a new class of 2D electron systems (2DES) in elemental semiconductors, such as Si and Ge, where the dopant (P) atoms are confined within a few atomic planes. The uniqueness of these systems lies not merely in the planar doping profile in bulk semiconductors that allow versatile designs of nanodevices, such as 1D wires, tunnel gaps and quantum dots, but also that it is now possible to study the interplay of wavefunction overlap and commensurability effects in 2D with unprecedented control. From an application perspective as well these systems are technologically important as they are aimed at being the building blocks of a solid state quantum computer. This thesis deals with investigating the electrical transport properties, both average (resistance) and dynamic (noise) of doped semiconductor systems in 2D delta layers, 1D wires and 0D quantum dots. We find that the 2D δ-layers shows suppressed low frequency noise and the Hooge parameter of delta doped Si is about five to six orders of magnitude lower when compared to bulk doped Si in metallic regime. At low temperatures, the noise arises in these systems due to universal conductance fluctuations. For 1D wires as well we find that the Hooge parameter is one of the lowest among various 1D systems including carbon nanotubes. We identify that charge traps in the Si/SiO2 are responsible for causing noise in δ-doped systems. Then we study the noise and transport in 2D delta layers as a function of doping density (and hence carrier density and interaction). Weak localization corrections to the conductivity and the universal conductance fluctuations were both found to decrease rapidly with decreasing doping in the Si:P and Ge:P delta layers, suggesting a spontaneous breaking of time reversal symmetry driven by strong Coulomb interactions. At low doping density we observe metal-like dependence of resistance on temperature at low temperatures, raising the possibility of a metallic ground state in 2D at 0 K in doped semiconductors. Finally we probe the low density devices (with broken time reversal symmetry) using superconducting Al as ohmic contacts. Anomalous increase in resistance below the superconducting transition temperature of Al and magnetoresistance with a sharp peak at 0 T is observed. Additionally we find that when the Al is superconducting, there exists a non-local resistance in low doped devices.
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