Journal articles on the topic 'Latino Outdors'
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Dunton, Genevieve F., Yue Liao, Stephen Intille, Jennifer Wolch, and Mary Ann Pentz. "Physical and Social Contextual Influences on Children’s Leisure-Time Physical Activity: An Ecological Momentary Assessment Study." Journal of Physical Activity and Health 8, s1 (January 2011): S103—S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jpah.8.s1.s103.
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Background:This study used real-time electronic surveys delivered through mobile phones, known as Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA), to determine whether level and experience of leisure-time physical activity differ across children’s physical and social contexts.Methods:Children (N = 121; ages 9 to 13 years; 52% male, 32% Hispanic/Latino) participated in 4 days (Fri.–Mon.) of EMA during nonschool time. Electronic surveys (20 total) assessed primary activity (eg, active play/sports/exercise), physical location (eg, home, outdoors), social context (eg, friends, alone), current mood (positive and negative affect), and enjoyment. Responses were time-matched to the number of steps and minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA; measured by accelerometer) in the 30 minutes before each survey.Results:Mean steps and MVPA were greater outdoors than at home or at someone else’s house (all P < .05). Steps were greater with multiple categories of company (eg, friends and family together) than with family members only or alone (all P < .05). Enjoyment was greater outdoors than at home or someone else’s house (all P < .05). Negative affect was greater when alone and with family only than friends only (all P < .05).Conclusion:Results describing the value of outdoor and social settings could inform context-specific interventions in this age group.
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Flores, David, and Karmon Kuhn. "Latino Outdoors: Using Storytelling and Social Media to Increase Diversity on Public Lands." Journal of Park and Recreation Administration 36, no. 3 (2018): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.18666/jpra-2018-v36-i3-7868.
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Smith, Heidi A. "Transculturality in higher education." Learning and Teaching 13, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/latiss.2020.130304.
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One way in which higher education has responded to globalisation and the emergence of transculturality has been to expand its focus on internationalisation at an unprecedented rate. Traditionally this occurred through international students and their contact with local students. A longitudinal case study into the student experience of transculturality in the Erasmus Mundus Transcultural European Outdoor Studies Masters programme found transcultural self-growth and transcultural capabilities of resilience, intelligence and the ability to work through fatigue to be central to their experience. Using Kemmis and Smith’s (2008a) themes related to praxis (doing, morally committed action, reflexivity, connection, concreteness and a process of becoming) this theoretical article explores the place of critical transcultural pedagogical praxis in supporting transcultural learning experiences of higher education students.
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Shinew, Kimberly J., Monika Stodolska, Caterina G. Roman, and Jennifer Yahner. "Crime, physical activity and outdoor recreation among Latino adolescents in Chicago." Preventive Medicine 57, no. 5 (November 2013): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2013.07.008.
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Arcury, Thomas A., Cynthia K. Suerken, Edward H. Ip, Justin B. Moore, and Sara A. Quandt. "Residential Environment for Outdoor Play Among Children in Latino Farmworker Families." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 19, no. 2 (August 2, 2016): 267–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0473-4.
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Crowder, Lucien. "4-H in the Outdoors: Delivering environmental education to Latino youth in Riverside County." California Agriculture 72, no. 4 (December 2018): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3733/ca.2018a0031.
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Burk, Brooke N., Kimberly J. Shinew, and Monika Stodolska. "Leisure time physical activity participation among Latino visitors to outdoor recreation areas." Leisure/Loisir 35, no. 3 (August 2011): 325–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14927713.2011.615642.
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Roman, Caterina G., Monika Stodolska, Jennifer Yahner, and Kimberly Shinew. "Pathways to Outdoor Recreation, Physical Activity, and Delinquency Among Urban Latino Adolescents." Annals of Behavioral Medicine 45, S1 (October 3, 2012): 151–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12160-012-9418-x.
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Marinho, Alcyane, and Arianne C. Reis. "Challenges and experiences in outdoor education in Latin America." Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning 17, no. 1 (November 22, 2016): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2016.1255152.
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Chavez, Deborah J., and David D. Olson. "Research Article: Opinions of Latino Outdoor Recreation Visitors at Four Urban National Forests." Environmental Practice 11, no. 4 (December 2009): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466046609990317.
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Mizelle, Elizabeth, Kim Larson, and Caroline Doherty. "Understanding Farmworker Fluid Intake Using Intersectionality Theory." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 32, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10482911221078964.
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In the United States, Latino farmworkers are disproportionately at risk for death from heat-related illnesses. To elicit Latino farmworker perceptions on their fluid intake and heat stress, a qualitative descriptive, community-informed research study was conducted in eastern North Carolina. A total of 28 Mexican farmworkers participated in one of 4 focus groups. Using content analysis and guided by Intersectionality theory, themes and subthemes were identified. The first theme was Absence of Protection, represented by 2 subthemes: (1a) Intense Climate Considerations; and (1b) Workplace Exploitation. The second theme, Freedom to Drink, included 2 subthemes: (2a) Distance and Distaste; and (2b) Culture of Farm Work. Farmworkers perceived extreme outdoor temperatures as the greatest workplace barrier to staying hydrated and reported water accessibility and quality issues. Farmworker fluid intake was influenced by interlocking social categories and power systems. Policy recommendations that prevent farmworker heat-related illness and promote hydration are discussed.
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Evans, W. Douglas, Elizabeth L. Andrade, Nicole Barrett, Jeremy Snider, Sean Cleary, and Mark Edberg. "Outcomes of the Adelante community social marketing campaign for Latino youth." Health Education Research 34, no. 5 (May 18, 2019): 471–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/her/cyz016.
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Abstract The authors designed and evaluated an innovative, branded campaign called ‘Adelante’ to promote positive youth development (PYD) and reduce risk behaviors among Latino youth near Washington, DC. Repeated cross-sectional surveys were conducted in the intervention and a comparison community to evaluate campaign exposure and changes in PYD outcomes. The sample consisted of 1549 Latino and immigrant adolescents surveyed at three time points in intervention and comparison communities. A social marketing campaign was implemented using outdoor advertising, Web, video and social media channels to promote PYD and health outcomes over a 1-year period from 2015 to 2016. Measures included media use; self-reported exposure to campaign promotions; Adelante message receptivity; validated PYD scales; substance use, sexual risk taking, violence-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, intentions and risk behavior. Outcomes were regressed first on campaign exposure to examine dose–response effects of the Adelante campaign over time. Second, we compared outcomes between the Adelante and comparison communities. We observed a positive effect of self-reported exposure on multiple outcomes, including improvements in pro-violence and sexual risk outcomes and lower pro-violence attitudes and lower risky attitudes toward sex. Adelante was effective in improving youth risk outcomes and offers a promising model for future health promotion with Latino and immigrant populations.
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Boyas, Javier Francisco, Jana L. Woodiwiss, and Vinayak K. Nahar. "Examining intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors among Latino day laborers: An application of the theory of planned behavior." Health Promotion Perspectives 11, no. 3 (August 18, 2021): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.45.
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Background: The past two decades has revealed an unprecedented increasing incidence of skin cancer within the Latinx population. Although Latino day laborers (LDLs) are at heightened risk for developing skin cancer because of the outdoor work in which they engage, there is limited research examining their intentions to engage in sun protective behaviors (SPBs). Therefore, this study sought to assess the explanatory power of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to identify attitudinal, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control factors associated with intentions to engage in SPB among LDLs. Methods: This cross-sectional retrospective study consists of a non-random convenience,community-based, sample of 137 LDLs residing in Mississippi and Illinois. Data were collected using a self-report survey centered on health practices and sun-protective behaviors. Results: Findings revealed that five significant factors shaped intentions to engage in SPBs, including barriers to engaging in SPBs (β =.30, P<0.001), benefits of engaging in SPBs (β =.27,P<0.001), education (β=0.20, P<0.01), and acculturation (β=0.18, P≤0.05). The independent variables tested in the model accounted for 42% of the change in intentions to engage in SPBs. Conclusion: This study demonstrates TPB’s usefulness for predicting future intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs. Moreover, the strongest factor associated with predicting intentions to engage in SPBs among LDLs was perceived behavioral control. Thus, since SPBs are malleable, emphasis is placed on implementing interventions for this population that promote intentions and address perceived behavioral control.
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Alhassan, Sofiya, John R. Sirard, and Thomas N. Robinson. "The effects of increasing outdoor play time on physical activity in Latino preschool children." International Journal of Pediatric Obesity 2, no. 3 (January 2007): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17477160701520108.
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Ogletree, S. Scott, Jing Huei Huang, Claudia Alberico, Oriol Marquet, Myron F. Floyd, and J. Aaron Hipp. "Parental preference for park attributes related to children’s use of parks in low-income, racial/ethnic diverse neighborhoods." Journal of Healthy Eating and Active Living 1, no. 1 (December 20, 2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.51250/jheal.v1i1.6.
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Public parks offer free and easy to access spaces for outdoor recreation, which is essential for children’s outdoor play and physical activity in low-income communities. Because parks and playgrounds contribute to children’s physical, social, and emotional development, it is critical to understand what makes them attractive and welcoming for families with young children. Parents can be a key determinant to children visiting parks, with their preferences influencing whether or not families visit parks in their neighborhoods. Past studies have posited there are significant differences across racial/ethnic populations in preferred park characteristics, but few have investigated specific park attributes parents from different racial and ethnic groups desire for their children. This study examined attributes associated with parental preferences for parks in low-income diverse communities in New York City, New York and Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, USA.
Parents’ responses were grouped into 10 categories using content analysis, with four key preference themes identified: physical attributes, experiences, social environment, and amenities. Physical attributes (i.e., playgrounds, sports fields, green spaces) were most desired among all groups. A significant difference across race/ethnic groups was found in New York but not in Raleigh-Durham. In New York, Latino parents had a strong preference for experience attributes (i.e. safety, safe facilities, cleanliness) which differed from other groups. Examining Latino parents in both cities we found no significant difference between cities. Although there is no one-size-fits-all approach to encourage park use, our finding suggests facilities and park safety are modifiable ways local government agencies could design and maintain parks that would be preferred by parents for their children. Future research should examine how neighborhood context may influence parent preferences related to parks.
Parents’ responses were grouped into 10 categories using content analysis, with four key preference themes identified. A significant difference across race/ethnic groups was found in New York but not in Raleigh-Durham. Examining Latino parents in both cities we found no significant difference between cities. Physical attributes (i.e., playgrounds, sports fields, green spaces) were most desired among all groups. In New York, Latino parents had a strong preference for Experience attributes (i.e. safety, safe facilities, cleanliness) which differed from other groups. Future research should examine how neighborhood context may influence parent preferences related to parks and children’s physical activity.
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Brown-Bernstein, Julia. "Under the Canopy: Finding Belonging at the San Fernando Swap Meet, 1976–2019." Journal of American Ethnic History 41, no. 1 (October 1, 2021): 77–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jamerethnhist.41.1.0077.
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Abstract Emerging in the post–World War II suburban boom, the outdoor swap meet has long been an economic and cultural institution in Southern California. Much like a flea market, the swap meet draws vendors and consumers for bargain prices and diverse products. But the swap meet is not just where vendors peddle their wares. In this case study of the San Fernando Swap Meet, one of Southern California’s largest and longest running swap meets, the massive outdoor space transforms into a vibrant suburban community. Since the late 1960s, as an influx of immigrants, especially Latinx migrants, settled in Southern California, the outdoor swap meet has become not just a cornerstone of working-class community but also a site of migrant belonging. One of just a few scholarly studies to explore this dynamic space and industry, this article explores how immigrants, predominantly undocumented migrants, have forged strong ties to one another and adapted to life in metropolitan Los Angeles during the neoliberal age.
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Dickinson, Jennifer A. "Plastic letters." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 25, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 517–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.25.4.02dic.
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This article examines the complex intersection of language ideologies shaping alphabetic choices in Ukrainian outdoor advertising and shop signs, focusing on alphabet mixing through the insertion of Latin letters into Cyrillic texts and the juxtaposition of parallel or alternating texts using both of these writing systems. Drawing upon ethnographic data from work with graphic designers and consumers as well as analysis of language use in signs, I argue that while alphabet mixing is often characterized as “faddish” or “youth-oriented” these practices also reflect Soviet-era ideological stances towards both Latin typefaces, seen as “plastic” letters associated with Western capitalism, and Cyrillic typefaces, seen as “rigid” forms subject to strong central control by the Soviet state. The increasing availability of personal computers with word-processing and graphic design software in Ukraine has both increased access by individuals to print technology, and promoted a new typographic aesthetic through the dissemination of Cyrillic fonts based on Latin, not Soviet or pre-Soviet Cyrillic, models.
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Moreno-Rangel, Alejandro, Filbert Musau, Tim Sharpe, and Gráinne McGill. "Indoor Air Quality Assessment of Latin America’s First Passivhaus Home." Atmosphere 12, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 1477. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12111477.
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Sustainable building design, such as the Passivhaus standard, seeks to minimise energy consumption, while improving indoor environmental comfort. Very few studies have studied the indoor air quality (IAQ) in Passivhaus homes outside of Europe. This paper presents the indoor particulate matter (PM2.5), carbon dioxide (CO2), and total volatile organic compounds (tVOC) measurements of the first residential Passivhaus in Latin America. It compares them to a standard home in Mexico City. Low-cost monitors were installed in the bedroom, living room, and kitchen spaces of both homes, to collect data at five-minute intervals for one year. The physical measurements from each home were also compared to the occupants’ IAQ perceptions. The measurements demonstrated that the Passivhaus CO2 and tVOC annual average levels were 143.8 ppm and 81.47 μg/m3 lower than the standard home. The PM2.5 in the Passivhaus was 11.13 μg/m3 lower than the standard home and 5.75 μg/m3 lower than outdoors. While the results presented here cannot be generalised, the results suggest that Passivhaus dwellings can provide better and healthier indoor air quality in Latin America. Further, large-scale studies should look at the indoor environmental conditions, energy performance, and dwelling design of Passivhaus dwellings in Latin America.
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Pullen-Seufert, Nancy, Marissa Meyer, and Michael Anderson. "Supporting kids’ active travel during the pandemic: Milwaukee SRTS Program." Journal of Healthy Eating and Active Living 1, no. 4 (November 16, 2021): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51250/jheal.v1i4.23.
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The Milwaukee Safe Routes to School (SRTS) Program, a partnership between the city of Milwaukee Department of Public Works and the Wisconsin Bike Federation continued their commitment to children’s active travel during the COVID-19 pandemic through offering community walks and Black and Latinx neighborhoods to discuss and incorporate preferences for planned infrastructure improvements; urban summer bicycle camps for kids; and support for teachers as SRTS champions. Staff made modifications such as conducting programming outdoors; modifying materials and facilitation methods to support physical distancing; providing face coverings and minimizing touching equipment. The National Center for Safe Routes to School recognized their efforts with the 2021 Vision Zero for Youth Innovation Award.
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Cason-Wilkerson, Rochelle, Shauna Goldberg Scott, Karen Albright, and Matthew Haemer. "Exploration of Changes in Low-Income Latino Families’ Beliefs about Obesity, Nutrition, and Physical Activity: A Qualitative Post-Intervention Study." Behavioral Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs12030073.
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Objective: To investigate changes in beliefs around obesity, nutrition, and physical activity among low-income majority Latino families who participated in a community-based family-inclusive obesity intervention. Methods: Six focus groups were conducted with a predominately Latino low-income population, who completed the Healthy Living Program (HeLP). Two groups were conducted in English and four groups were conducted in Spanish, and were recorded, translated, transcribed, and analyzed for thematic content. Two coders independently coded transcripts then reflexive team analysis with three members was used to reach consensus. Results: Thirty-seven caregivers representing thirty-three families participated in focus groups. A number of themes emerged around changes in beliefs about obesity, nutrition, and physical activity (PA) as a result of the HeLP curriculum. Regarding obesity, the themes that emerged focused on the acceptability of children being overweight and the importance of addressing weight at an early age. Changes in beliefs regarding nutrition emerged, noting changes in the use of food as a reward, the multiple benefits of a healthy diet, and for some participants change in their beliefs around the adaptability of traditional foods and habits. Regarding physical activity, themes emerged around the difficulty of engaging in PA due to unsafe conditions and finding creative indoor and outdoor activities with whole family participation and becoming aware of the benefits of PA. Conclusions: Parental changes in beliefs about obesity, nutrition, and physical activity as a result of a family-inclusive weight management program in a population of low-income predominately Latino families can aid and inform the development of future weight management programs for this population.
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Boyas, Javier F., Vinayak K. Nahar, and Robert T. Brodell. "Skin Protection Behaviors among Young Male Latino Day Laborers: An Exploratory Study Using a Social Cognitive Approach." Dermatology Research and Practice 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1479637.
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Latino Day Laborers (LDLs) are employed in occupations where multiple work hazards exist. One such hazard is the overexposure to solar ultraviolet radiation for continuous periods of time. Regular sun exposure can put individuals at increased risk of developing skin cancers, especially without adequate protection. The purpose of this cross-sectional exploratory study was to use a social cognitive framework to assess skin protective behaviors among LDLs. A community-based nonrandom and purposive sample of LDLs was recruited in two states: Mississippi and Illinois. The study sample consisted of 137 male participants, of which the majority were of Mexican ancestry (72%). The average age was 35.40 (SD=9.89) years. Results demonstrated that a substantial number of LDLs do not adequately practice sun protection behaviors on a regular basis. The skin cancer knowledge scores were very modest. The most frequently indicated barriers towards sun protection were “inconvenient,” “forget to use,” and “not being able to reapply sunscreen.” Overall, LDLs had moderate confidence in their abilities to adopt successful sun protection strategies. This study underscores the need for intervention programs aimed at LDLs to reduce extended time in the sun and increase use of sun protective measures when working outdoors.
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Machado, DS, AFF Bragança, IC Travnik, AP Rossi, and AC Sant'Anna. "Should cats be allowed outdoors? A research survey on animal welfare risks for free-ranging cats in Brazil." Animal Welfare 30, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.30.3.011.
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A need exists for research that contributes to estimating the risk factors associated with the management of outdoor cats (Felis silvestris catus) and addresses the lack of such surveys in Brazil and other Latin American countries. With this in mind we aimed to: i) identify the causal factors affecting the practice of owners allowing their cats to roam freely and; ii) evaluate potential welfare risks associated with the allowance of outdoor access, based on cat owners' reports. An online questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was answered by 8,485 Brazilian cat owners and logistic regression models used to obtain odds ratios. A number of the factors significantly related to owners allowing their cats to have outdoor access were unneutered cats, the manner in which the cat was acquired, residence in rural areas, the number of cats owned, the presence of other pets in the house, younger owner age, owner declaration of not being responsible for the cat, owner perception about the role of the cat in the house, owner knowledge about cats' potential for transmitting diseases, a lack of knowledge about zoonoses, and a lack of knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis. The practice of allowing outdoor access was associated with significantly higher odds of owners reporting several welfare issues, such as frequent flea contamination, sporotrichosis, going missing, poisoning, mistreatment, and accidents. We conclude that the practice of allowing outdoor access, as reported by 37.1% of our respondents, may result in risks to feline welfare. Increasing public awareness through campaigns that highlight the risks associated with outdoor access would improve feline management practices and welfare.
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Bøe, Knut Egil, and Rebecca Ehrlenbruch. "Thermoregulatory behavior of dairy goats at low temperatures and the use of outdoor yards." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 93, no. 1 (March 2013): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas2012-028.
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Bøe, K. E. and Ehrlenbruch, R. 2013. Thermoregulatory behavior of dairy goats at low temperatures and the use of outdoor yards. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 93: 35–41. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effect of roof cover and location of feed on thermoregulatory behavior and the goat's use of an outdoor yard under different weather conditions. A total of four groups of five pregnant dairy goats (20 goats in total) were allocated to a 4×4 Latin square experiment with four groups, four treatments and four experimental periods. Each treatment period lasted for 7 d. The goats were exposed to the following treatments: roof covering of outdoor yard (yes or no) and location of feed (indoors or in yard). The goats were video recorded for two 24-h periods at the end of each experimental period (totally 32, 24-h periods). When the air temperature dropped and when there was rain or snow, the goats spent less time in the outdoor yard (P<0.0001), but total lying time (P=0.47) and time spent feeding (P=0.77) were not affected by weather conditions. Lying in the outdoor yard was reduced as the air temperature decreased (P<0.001) and time spent standing/walking inside increased (P<0.001). Irrespective of weather conditions, the goats spent significantly more time in the outdoor yard in pens when the outdoor yards were covered with a roof (P <0.01), but time spent lying was not affected by roof cover (P=0.12) or feed location (P=0.40). We conclude that even if the outdoor yard was less used at decreasing temperatures, the time spent lying and feeding was not affected by inclement weather. Hence, a housing system with an inside resting area and an outside activity area provides adequate environmental protection for the goats even at low temperatures. A roof covering the outdoor yard had only a limited positive effect.
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Suárez, María Fernanda, Leandro Correa, Nicolás Crim, Evangelina Espósito, Rodolfo Monti, Julio Alberto Urrets-Zavalía, and Horacio Marcelo Serra. "Climatic Droplet Keratopathy in Argentina: Involvement of Environmental Agents in Its Genesis Which Would Open the Prospect for New Therapeutic Interventions." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/527835.
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Climatic droplet keratopathy (CDK) is a degenerative corneal disease of unknown etiology. We described CDK for the first time in Latin America in the Argentinean Patagonia (El Cuy). A deeper knowledge of CDK pathogenic mechanisms will provide new therapeutic strategies. For that reason we investigated the prevalence of CDK in El Cuy and its existence in other 3 provinces with similar climate. Patients eyes were examined, habits throughout lives were inquired about, and serum ascorbate (sAA) was determined. All individuals work outdoors for most of the day. All regions had normal O3levels. Individuals from regions 1, 2, and 3 had very low consumption of vegetables/fruits and low sAA levels. Conversely, region 4 individuals had balanced diet and higher sAA concentrations. CDK was only found in region 3 where individuals had partial deficiency of sAA and did not use eye protection. No CDK was found in regions 1 and 2 where individuals had similar work activities and dietary habits to those in region 3 but wear eye protection. No disease was found in region 4 where individuals work outdoors, have balanced diet, and use eye protection. To summarize, the CDK existence was related not only to climate but also to the dietary habits and lack of protection from sunlight.
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Edge, HL, HLI Bornett, E. Newton, and SA Edwards. "Alternatives to nose-ringing in outdoor sows: 2. The provision of edible or inedible overground enrichment." Animal Welfare 13, no. 2 (May 2004): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096272860002697x.
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AbstractThe nose-ringing of outdoor pigs (Sus scrofa), although commonly practiced as a means to inhibit rooting behaviour and therefore reduce pasture damage and soil erosion, has been questioned on ethical grounds and alternatives are being sought. In this experiment, the effect of overground environmental enrichment was assessed as a possible alternative. 12 multiparous sows were housed in groups of four and randomly allocated to one of three treatments in a 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments were: 1) no environmental enrichment, 2) edible overground enrichment in the form of grass silage, and 3) inedible overground enrichment in the form of branches and tyres. Sows that received silage as overground enrichment spent significantly less time rooting the paddock (P < 0.01) than did sows on the other two treatments. The absence of a significant difference between treatments in overall foraging time budgets suggests that the manipulation of edible substrates may substitute for rooting behaviour in outdoor sows.
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Peréa, Flavia, Nina Sayles, Amanda Reich, Alyssa Koomas, Heather McMann, and Linda Sprague Martinez. "“Mejorando Nuestras Oportunidades”: Engaging Urban Youth in Environmental Health Assessment and Advocacy to Improve Health and Outdoor Play Spaces." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 4 (February 16, 2019): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16040571.
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Youth can be valuable partners in community health improvement efforts. Latino youth from Lawrence, MA were engaged in research and health promotion over an 11-month period. Utilizing their knowledge of the community, youth assessed local parks and carried out evidence-based health promotion efforts to communicate community resources to encourage physical activity, nurture community ownership of parks, and advocate for park improvements. Health promotion efforts can engage youth in strategies to address critical public health issues by leveraging their unique perspective and distinct location within communities. The communications developed by the youth were distributed within the community, benefiting residents directly. Youth were motivated to engage in the project by a sense of civic obligation, and upon completing the project, they expressed that they had gained research and communication skills and were inspired to continue to support their community. Youth engagement in applied research and health promotion at the local level can provide a foundation for community health improvement efforts that are relevant for distinct communities, while fostering the positive development of youth, and nurturing community-driven efforts to help create a healthier environment.
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Erchick, Daniel J., Alexander J. Zapf, Prativa Baral, Jeffrey Edwards, Shruti H. Mehta, Sunil S. Solomon, Dustin G. Gibson, Smisha Agarwal, and Alain B. Labrique. "COVID-19 risk perceptions of social interaction and essential activities and inequity in the USA: results from a nationally representative survey." BMJ Open 12, no. 2 (February 2022): e051882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051882.
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IntroductionSARS-CoV-2 has disproportionately affected disadvantaged communities across the USA. Risk perceptions for social interactions and essential activities during the COVID-19 pandemic may vary by sociodemographic factors.MethodsWe conducted a nationally representative online survey of 1592 adults in the USA to understand risk perceptions related to transmission of COVID-19 for social (eg, visiting friends) and essential activities (eg, medical visits or returning to work). We assessed relationships for activities using bivariate comparisons and multivariable logistic regression modelling, between responses of safe and unsafe, and participant characteristics. Data were collected and analysed in 2020.ResultsAmong 1592 participants, risk perceptions of unsafe for 13 activities ranged from 29.2% to 73.5%. Large gatherings, indoor dining and visits with elderly relatives had the highest proportion of unsafe responses (>58%), while activities outdoor, accessing healthcare and going to the grocery store had the lowest (<36%). Older respondents were more likely to view social gatherings and indoor activities as unsafe but less likely for other activities, such as going to the grocery store and accessing healthcare. Compared with white/Caucasian respondents, black/African-American and Hispanic/Latino respondents were more likely to view activities such as dining and visiting friends outdoor as unsafe. Generally, men versus women, Republicans versus Democrats and independents, and individuals with higher versus lower income were more likely to view activities as safe.ConclusionEvidence-based interventions should be tailored to sociodemographic differences in risk perception, access to information and health behaviours when implementing efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Chemas-Velez, Maria Manuela, Luis F. Gómez, Alcides Velasquez, Mercedes Mora-Plazas, and Diana C. Parra. "Scoping review of studies on food marketing in Latin America: Summary of existing evidence and research gaps." Revista de Saúde Pública 53 (January 20, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2019053001184.
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OBJECTIVE: To document the evidence about marketing of ultra-processed foods and “non-alcoholic” beverages in Latin America. METHODS: We performed a structured search of quantitative and qualitative studies in PubMed, SciELO and LILACS, published between January 2000 and May 2017 and conducted in Latin America. We conducted a quality assessment following a standardized tool and a thematic analysis to identify key typologies of marketing across studies RESULTS: Out of 521 studies screened by title and abstract, we included 36 in this review; 27 of them analyzed television advertisement. Other marketing channels studied were food packaging, point of sale and outdoor advertisement. Studies found television advertises foods and beverages that are mostly ultraprocessed foods and have low nutritional value, particularly those promoted during children’s programming. We also observed children have a literal interpretation of images printed on food packaging, so this can be deceiving. Several studies also found proximity to unhealthy foods may increase their consumption. Finally, the thematic analysis identified the following typologies of food marketing: a) television advertisement, b) food packaging marketing, c) marketing strategies at points of sale and d) other marketing strategies. We found almost no advertisements for unprocessed or minimally processed foods such as fruits and vegetables. We did not find any studies on digital marketing conducted in the region. CONCLUSIONS: This review found that the main channel of food marketing was television advertising. This synthesis provides insights to the challenges unhealthy eating represents to the public health of Latin America and identifies knowledge gaps to guide future research.
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Moreno-Rangel, Alejandro, Tim Sharpe, Filbert Musau, and Gráinne McGill. "Indoor Fine Particle (PM2.5) Pollution and Occupant Perception of the Indoor Environment During Summer of the First Passivhaus Certified Dwelling in Latin America." Journal of Natural Resources and Development 8 (August 30, 2018): 78–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5027/jnrd.v8i0.08.
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This study compares the only residential Passivhaus in Mexico (located in Mexico City) to a conventional building-practice home in terms of indoor environmental quality during summer, specifically indoor air quality (IAQ) and the occupants’ perceptions towards it. Temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide, and PM2.5 were monitored during May, June and July 2016 in the living room, bedroom and kitchen of each home. Simultaneous outdoor air measurements were collected from the local pollution monitoring network. Online surveys were used to obtain data on building-related illnesses; while occupant perception of IAQ and thermal comfort and occupant diaries helped to provide insights into occupant behavior. Results from this case study suggest that Passivhaus design strategies could help to protect building occupants from outdoor air pollution, based on the lower concentrations of PM2.5 that were found in the Passivhaus apartment compared to the external environment. This contrasted with the results of the control home where PM2.5 levels were higher than ambient levels. Whilst the results cannot be generalized, they do provide much needed evidence on the indoor environmental performance of a Passivhaus-certified dwelling in Latin America, highlighting areas for improvement and providing recommendations to help inform future developments adopting these principles in a subtropical highland climate.
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Marquez, Carina, Andrew D. Kerkhoff, Jamie Naso, Maria G. Contreras, Edgar Castellanos Diaz, Susana Rojas, James Peng, et al. "A multi-component, community-based strategy to facilitate COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Latinx populations: From theory to practice." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 20, 2021): e0257111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257111.
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Background COVID-19 vaccine coverage in the Latinx community depends on delivery systems that overcome barriers such as institutional distrust, misinformation, and access to care. We hypothesized that a community-centered vaccination strategy that included mobilization, vaccination, and “activation” components could successfully reach an underserved Latinx population, utilizing its social networks to boost vaccination coverage. Methods Our community-academic-public health partnership, “Unidos en Salud,” utilized a theory-informed approach to design our “Motivate, Vaccinate, and Activate” COVID-19 vaccination strategy. Our strategy’s design was guided by the PRECEDE Model and sought to address and overcome predisposing, enabling, and reinforcing barriers to COVID-19 vaccination faced by Latinx individuals in San Francisco. We evaluated our prototype outdoor, “neighborhood” vaccination program located in a central commercial and transport hub in the Mission District in San Francisco, using the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM) framework during a 16-week period from February 1, 2021 to May 19, 2021. Programmatic data, city-wide COVID-19 surveillance data, and a survey conducted between May 2, 2021 and May 19, 2021 among 997 vaccinated clients ≥16 years old were used in the evaluation. Results There were 20,792 COVID-19 vaccinations administered at the neighborhood site during the 16-week evaluation period. Vaccine recipients had a median age of 43 (IQR 32–56) years, 53.9% were male and 70.5% were Latinx, 14.1% white, 7.7% Asian, 2.4% Black, and 5.3% other. Latinx vaccinated clients were substantially more likely than non-Latinx clients to have an annual household income of less than $50,000 a year (76.1% vs. 33.5%), be a first-generation immigrant (60.2% vs. 30.1%), not have health insurance (47.3% vs. 16.0%), and not have access to primary care provider (62.4% vs. 36.2%). The most frequently reported reasons for choosing vaccination at the site were its neighborhood location (28.6%), easy and convenient scheduling (26.9%) and recommendation by someone they trusted (18.1%); approximately 99% reported having an overall positive experience, regardless of ethnicity. Notably, 58.3% of clients reported that they were able to get vaccinated earlier because of the neighborhood vaccination site, 98.4% of clients completed both vaccine doses, and 90.7% said that they were more likely to recommend COVID-19 vaccination to family and friends after their experience; these findings did not substantially differ according to ethnicity. There were 40.3% of vaccinated clients who said they still knew at least one unvaccinated person (64.6% knew ≥3). Among clients who received both vaccine doses (n = 729), 91.0% said that after their vaccination experience, they had personally reached out to at least one unvaccinated person they knew (61.6% reached out to ≥3) to recommend getting vaccinated; 83.0% of clients reported that one or more friends, and/or family members got vaccinated as a result of their outreach, including 18.9% who reported 6 or more persons got vaccinated as a result of their influence. Conclusions A multi-component, “Motivate, Vaccinate, and Activate” community-based strategy addressing barriers to COVID-19 vaccination for the Latinx population reached the intended population, and vaccinated individuals served as ambassadors to recruit other friends and family members to get vaccinated.
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Boderie, Nienke W., Famke JM Mölenberg, Aziz Sheikh, Wichor M. Bramer, Alex Burdorf, Frank J. van Lenthe, and Jasper V. Been. "Assessing public support for extending smoke-free policies beyond enclosed public places and workplaces: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e040167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040167.
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IntroductionSmoke-free enclosed public environments are effective in reducing exposure to secondhand smoke and yield major public health benefits. Building on this, many countries are now implementing smoke-free policies regulating smoking beyond enclosed public places and workplaces. In order to successfully implement such ‘novel smoke-free policies’, public support is essential. We aim to provide the first comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis assessing levels and determinants of public support for novel smoke-free policies.Methods and analysisThe primary objective of this review is to summarise the level of public support for novel smoke-free policies. Eight online databases (Embase.com, Medline ALL Ovid, Web of Science Core Collection, WHO Library Database, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, Scientific Online Library Online, PsychINFO and Google Scholar) will be searched from 1 January 2004 by two independent researchers with no language restrictions. The initial search was performed on 15 April 2020 and will be updated prior to finalisation of the report. Studies are eligible if assessing support for novel smoke-free policies in the general population (age ≥16 years) and have a sample size of n≥400. Studies funded by the tobacco industry or evaluating support among groups with vested interest are excluded. The primary outcome is proportion of public support for smoke-free policies, subdivided according to the spaces covered: (1) indoor private spaces (eg, cars) (2) indoor semiprivate spaces (eg, multi-unit housing) (3) outdoor (semi)private spaces (eg, courtyards) (4) non-hospitality outdoor public spaces (eg, parks, hospital grounds, playgrounds) and (5) hospitality outdoor public spaces (eg, restaurant terraces). The secondary objective is to identify determinants associated with public support on three levels: (1) within-study determinants (eg, smoking status) (2) between-study determinants (eg, survey year) and (3) context-specific determinants (eg, social norms). Risk of bias will be assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and a sensitivity analysis will be performed excluding studies at high risk of bias.Ethics and disseminationNo formal ethical approval is required. Findings will be disseminated to academics, policymakers and the general public.
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Eger, Steffen, Tim vor der Brück, and Alexander Mehler. "A Comparison of Four Character-Level String-to-String Translation Models for (OCR) Spelling Error Correction." Prague Bulletin of Mathematical Linguistics 105, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 77–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pralin-2016-0004.
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Abstract We consider the isolated spelling error correction problem as a specific subproblem of the more general string-to-string translation problem. In this context, we investigate four general string-to-string transformation models that have been suggested in recent years and apply them within the spelling error correction paradigm. In particular, we investigate how a simple ‘k-best decoding plus dictionary lookup’ strategy performs in this context and find that such an approach can significantly outdo baselines such as edit distance, weighted edit distance, and the noisy channel Brill and Moore model to spelling error correction. We also consider elementary combination techniques for our models such as language model weighted majority voting and center string combination. Finally, we consider real-world OCR post-correction for a dataset sampled from medieval Latin texts.
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Koengkan, Matheus, José Alberto Fuinhas, and Nuno Silva. "Exploring the capacity of renewable energy consumption to reduce outdoor air pollution death rate in Latin America and the Caribbean region." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 28, no. 2 (August 26, 2020): 1656–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10503-x.
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Morales-Ancajima, Valeria C., Vilma Tapia, Bryan N. Vu, Yang Liu, Dulce E. Alarcón-Yaquetto, and Gustavo F. Gonzales. "Increased Outdoor PM2.5 Concentration Is Associated with Moderate/Severe Anemia in Children Aged 6–59 Months in Lima, Peru." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2019 (July 24, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6127845.
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Anemia affects 1.62 billion people worldwide. Although iron deficiency is the main cause of anemia, several other factors may explain its high prevalence. In this study, we sought to analyze the association between outdoor particulate matter PM2.5 levels with anemia prevalence in children aged 6–59 months residing in Lima, Peru (n = 139,368), one of the cities with the worst air pollution in Latin America. The study period was from 2012 to 2016. Anemia was defined according to the World Health Organization (Hb < 11 g/dL). PM2.5 values were estimated by a mathematical model that combined data observed from monitors, with satellite and meteorological data. PM2.5 was analyzed by quintiles. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between hemoglobin concentration (beta) and anemia (odds ratio) with PM2.5, after adjusting by covariates. Prevalence of anemia was 39.6% (95% confidence interval (CI): 39.3–39.9). Mild anemia was observed in 30.8% of children and moderate/severe in 8.84% of children. Anemic children compared with nonanemic children are mainly males, have low body weight, higher rate of stunting, and live in an environment with high PM2.5 concentration. A slight decrease in hemoglobin (4Q B: −0.03, 95% CI: −0.05 to −0.02; 5Q B: −0.04, 95% CI: −0.06 to −0.01) and an increase in the probability of moderate/severe anemia (4Q OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.10–1.27; 5Q OR: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.08–1.29) were observed with increased exposure to PM2.5. We conclude that outdoor PM2.5 levels were significantly associated with decreased hemoglobin values and an increase in prevalence of moderate/severe anemia in children under 5 years old.
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Koengkan, Matheus, José Alberto Fuinhas, Emad Kazemzadeh, Nooshin Karimi Alavijeh, and Saulo Jardim de Araujo. "The impact of renewable energy policies on deaths from outdoor and indoor air pollution: Empirical evidence from Latin American and Caribbean countries." Energy 245 (April 2022): 123209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2022.123209.
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Perea, Miguel F., Daniel A. Perdomo, Zenaida A. Corredor, Mario González, Hugo Hernandez-Fonseca, and Fernando P. Perea. "Lunar Cycle Influences Production of Tilapia (Oreochromis spp) Eggs in an Intensive Outdoor Production System in the Tropics." Journal of Biological Rhythms 37, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07487304211069453.
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A robust body of evidence has demonstrated that the lunar cycle plays an important role in the reproduction of fish living in natural environments. However, little is known about the influence of the moon on tilapia reproductive activity in intensive fish farming systems. This study aims to evaluate the influence of the lunar cycle on the reproductive performance of tilapias in an intensive outdoor tropical production system in Latin America. Records of two tilapia strains (Nile tilapia [ Oreochromis niloticus; n = 75] and Red tilapia [ Oreochromis spp.; n = 1335]) reared in concrete tanks in a commercial fish farm were analyzed. Over a 3-year period, 60,136 captures were made in intervals of 12 to 14 days and 6,600 females were manually spawned. The number of females spawned and the volume of eggs collected from each tank ( n = 9) were recorded. Data was analyzed by the general linear model and means were compared by least squares means method. A very slight or no variation was observed when the lunar cycle was split into two halves (crescent and waning). The proportions of females spawned and the volume of eggs per spawned female and per female in the tank varied considerably across the eight periods of the lunar cycle, with greater values in the waning than in the crescent phase. A significantly greater proportion of tilapia spawned and yielded more eggs around the full moon than around the new moon and remaining days of the lunar cycle. The moon cycle affected the reproductive activity of tilapia, which were more reproductively active around the full moon and most of the waning phase.
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Toyama, Mauricio, Natalia Godoy-Casasbuenas, Natividad Olivar, Luis Ignacio Brusco, Fernando Carbonetti, Francisco Diez-Canseco, Carlos Gómez-Restrepo, et al. "Identifying resources used by young people to overcome mental distress in three Latin American cities: a qualitative study." BMJ Open 12, no. 8 (August 2022): e060340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060340.
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ObjectiveTo explore which resources and activities help young people living in deprived urban environments in Latin America to recover from depression and/or anxiety.DesignA multimethod, qualitative study with 18 online focus groups and 12 online structured group conversations embedded into arts workshops.SettingThis study was conducted in Bogotá (Colombia), Buenos Aires (Argentina) and Lima (Peru).ParticipantsAdolescents (15–16 years old) and young adults (20–24 years old) with capacity to provide assent/consent and professionals (older than 18 years of age) that had experience of professionally working with young people were willing to share personal experience within a group, and had capacity to provide consent.ResultsA total of 185 participants took part in this study: 111 participants (36 adolescents, 35 young adults and 40 professionals) attended the 18 focus groups and 74 young people (29 adolescents and 45 young adults) took part in the 12 arts workshops. Eight categories captured the resources and activities that were reported by young people as helpful to overcome mental distress: (1) personal resources, (2) personal development, (3) spirituality and religion, (4) social resources, (5) social media, (6) community resources, (7) activities (subcategorised into artistic, leisure, sports and outdoor activities) and (8) mental health professionals. Personal and social resources as well as artistic activities and sports were the most common resources identified that help adolescents and young adults to overcome depression and anxiety.ConclusionDespite the different contexts of the three cities, young people appear to use similar resources to overcome mental distress. Policies to improve the mental health of young people in deprived urban settings should address the need of community spaces, where young people can play sports, meet and engage in groups, and support community organisations that can enable and facilitate a range of social activities.
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Orellano, Pablo, Nancy Quaranta, Julieta Reynoso, Brenda Balbi, and Julia Vasquez. "Association of outdoor air pollution with the prevalence of asthma in children of Latin America and the Caribbean: A systematic review and meta-analysis." Journal of Asthma 55, no. 11 (December 6, 2017): 1174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02770903.2017.1402342.
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Bertolin, Chiara. "Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Resources Threatened by Climate Change." Geosciences 9, no. 6 (June 3, 2019): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9060250.
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With a wide spectrum of data, case studies, monitoring, and experimental and numerical simulation techniques, the multidisciplinary approach of material, environmental, and computer science applied to the conservation of cultural heritage offers several opportunities for the heritage science and conservation community to map and monitor the state of the art of the knowledge referring to natural and human-induced climate change impacts on cultural heritage—mainly constituted by the built environment—in Europe and Latin America. The special issue “Preservation of Cultural Heritage and Resources Threatened by Climate Change” of Geosciences—launched to take stock of the existing but still fragmentary knowledge on this challenge, and to enable the community to respond to the implementation of the Paris agreement—includes 10 research articles. These papers exploit a broad range of data derived from preventive conservation monitoring conducted indoors in museums, churches, historical buildings, or outdoors in archeological sites and city centers. Case studies presented in the papers focus on a well-assorted sample of decay phenomena occurring on heritage materials—e.g., surface recession and biomass accumulation on limestone, depositions of pollutant on marble, salt weathering on inorganic building materials, and weathering processes on mortars in many local- to regional-scale study areas in the Scandinavian Peninsula, the United Kingdom, Belgium, France, Italy, Greece, and Panama. Besides monitoring, the methodological approaches that are showcased include, but are not limited to, original material characterization, decay product characterization, and climate and numerical modelling on material components for assessing environmental impact and climate change effects.
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Marano, Gina, Tony Henthorne, and Babu George. "Ch’ulel Mendoza, the spa with a difference: a case study of new product development in the wellness industry." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 7, no. 3 (July 27, 2017): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-09-2016-0197.
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Subject area Hospitality and Tourism. Study level/applicability Senior undergraduate level and graduate level. Case overview This case study charts out the development of a business plan for Ch’ulel Mendoza, a hypothetical all-villa resort nestled against the Andes Mountains, where guests enjoy luxurious wine-infused spa treatments. The business plan has to be comprehensive because it should become the basis of a turnkey project for potential investors. Ch’ulel Mendoza is surrounded by the lush vineyards of some of the most famous wine estates in Argentina. The spa, facilities and services pay homage to the wine-growing heritage of the region, promoting wine to its guests as both pleasurable for consumption and conducive to healthy living. The architectural design speaks directly to the vines themselves: the earth-covered spa is where guests soak up the healing nutrients in the vinotherapy and water treatments, much like the roots are nourished by the elements and water in the soil; the resort area embraces the outdoors with decks, open patios and pools where guests can bask in the sun and enjoy other natural elements, just like the grape plants themselves. Once it becomes operational, Ch’ulel Mendoza will symbolize a blend of wellness, recreation and the charm of the Latin American culture. Expected learning outcomes Develop a comprehensive business plan for a new business, understand the business environment, prepare a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and weaknesses analysis, develop functional (marketing, finance, human resources, operations, etc.) plans and understand the opportunities and challenges in the new product development process. Subject code CSS: 12: Tourism and Hospitality.
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Harrison, Elise, Michelle Rodriguez, Diana Veliz, Rosa Abreu-Runkel, and Melissa Fuster. "Adapting to the Pandemic: Experiences of Latin American Restaurants During COVID-19 and Potential Implications for Community Health and Food Environments." Current Developments in Nutrition 5, Supplement_2 (June 2021): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzab029_026.
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Abstract Objectives Assess how Latin American restaurants (LAR) have been adapting in response to COVID-19, and the potential implications of those changes for community food environments. Methods Qualitative study design using semi-structured interviews with LAR owners and staff (n = 12). Interviews were conducted via Zoom, lasting between 30 and 90 minutes. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed by two independent coders using Dedoose following an iterative approach for organizing results using emergent themes. Results COVID-19 led to initial closures, decrease in clientele and interrupted food supply. LAR adjusted by switching to outdoor dining and/or delivery/takeout, reducing hours and staff, increasing social media presence, and making changes to the menus. Menus were reduced, decreasing items not well-suited for takeout/delivery, (notably salads), while keeping customer favorites, such as high-energy “comfort foods.” Menu changes were more prevalent in full-service restaurants, compared with fast casual LAR. The results also include experiences with delivery companies and government assistance during COVID-19. Conclusions The pandemic has forced drastic changes in LARs, with potential implications for future health promoting interventions. The results from this study contribute to informing how restaurants are adapting in response to COVID-19 and the potential implications on community health and nutrition, as well as what restaurants can do to prepare for future crises. This will need to be considered for the survival of the industry and the communities that they serve. Future research is needed to examine long-term effect of changes in community food environments and customers’ diets. Funding Sources NIH - National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
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Martín-Park, Abdiel, Azael Che-Mendoza, Yamili Contreras-Perera, Silvia Pérez-Carrillo, Henry Puerta-Guardo, Josué Villegas-Chim, Guillermo Guillermo-May, et al. "Pilot trial using mass field-releases of sterile males produced with the incompatible and sterile insect techniques as part of integrated Aedes aegypti control in Mexico." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 4 (April 26, 2022): e0010324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010324.
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Background The combination of Wolbachia-based incompatible insect technique (IIT) and radiation-based sterile insect technique (SIT) can be used for population suppression of Aedes aegypti. Our main objective was to evaluate whether open-field mass-releases of wAlbB-infected Ae. aegypti males, as part of an Integrated Vector Management (IVM) plan led by the Mexican Ministry of Health, could suppress natural populations of Ae. aegypti in urbanized settings in south Mexico. Methodology/Principal findings We implemented a controlled before-and-after quasi-experimental study in two suburban localities of Yucatan (Mexico): San Pedro Chimay (SPC), which received IIT-SIT, and San Antonio Tahdzibichén used as control. Release of wAlbB Ae. aegypti males at SPC extended for 6 months (July-December 2019), covering the period of higher Ae. aegypti abundance. Entomological indicators included egg hatching rates and outdoor/indoor adult females collected at the release and control sites. Approximately 1,270,000 lab-produced wAlbB-infected Ae. aegypti males were released in the 50-ha treatment area (2,000 wAlbB Ae. aegypti males per hectare twice a week in two different release days, totaling 200,000 male mosquitoes per week). The efficacy of IIT-SIT in suppressing indoor female Ae. aegypti density (quantified from a generalized linear mixed model showing a statistically significant reduction in treatment versus control areas) was 90.9% a month after initiation of the suppression phase, 47.7% two months after (when number of released males was reduced in 50% to match local abundance), 61.4% four months after (when initial number of released males was re-established), 88.4% five months after and 89.4% at six months after the initiation of the suppression phase. A proportional, but lower, reduction in outdoor female Ae. aegypti was also quantified (range, 50.0–75.2% suppression). Conclusions/Significance Our study, the first open-field pilot implementation of Wolbachia IIT-SIT in Mexico and Latin-America, confirms that inundative male releases can significantly reduce natural populations of Ae. aegypti. More importantly, we present successful pilot results of the integration of Wolbachia IIT-SIT within a IVM plan implemented by Ministry of Health personnel.
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Martín-Park, Abdiel, Azael Che-Mendoza, Yamili Contreras-Perera, Silvia Pérez-Carrillo, Henry Puerta-Guardo, Josué Villegas-Chim, Guillermo Guillermo-May, et al. "Pilot trial using mass field-releases of sterile males produced with the incompatible and sterile insect techniques as part of integrated Aedes aegypti control in Mexico." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 4 (April 26, 2022): e0010324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010324.
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Background The combination of Wolbachia-based incompatible insect technique (IIT) and radiation-based sterile insect technique (SIT) can be used for population suppression of Aedes aegypti. Our main objective was to evaluate whether open-field mass-releases of wAlbB-infected Ae. aegypti males, as part of an Integrated Vector Management (IVM) plan led by the Mexican Ministry of Health, could suppress natural populations of Ae. aegypti in urbanized settings in south Mexico. Methodology/Principal findings We implemented a controlled before-and-after quasi-experimental study in two suburban localities of Yucatan (Mexico): San Pedro Chimay (SPC), which received IIT-SIT, and San Antonio Tahdzibichén used as control. Release of wAlbB Ae. aegypti males at SPC extended for 6 months (July-December 2019), covering the period of higher Ae. aegypti abundance. Entomological indicators included egg hatching rates and outdoor/indoor adult females collected at the release and control sites. Approximately 1,270,000 lab-produced wAlbB-infected Ae. aegypti males were released in the 50-ha treatment area (2,000 wAlbB Ae. aegypti males per hectare twice a week in two different release days, totaling 200,000 male mosquitoes per week). The efficacy of IIT-SIT in suppressing indoor female Ae. aegypti density (quantified from a generalized linear mixed model showing a statistically significant reduction in treatment versus control areas) was 90.9% a month after initiation of the suppression phase, 47.7% two months after (when number of released males was reduced in 50% to match local abundance), 61.4% four months after (when initial number of released males was re-established), 88.4% five months after and 89.4% at six months after the initiation of the suppression phase. A proportional, but lower, reduction in outdoor female Ae. aegypti was also quantified (range, 50.0–75.2% suppression). Conclusions/Significance Our study, the first open-field pilot implementation of Wolbachia IIT-SIT in Mexico and Latin-America, confirms that inundative male releases can significantly reduce natural populations of Ae. aegypti. More importantly, we present successful pilot results of the integration of Wolbachia IIT-SIT within a IVM plan implemented by Ministry of Health personnel.
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Cano Pérez, Eder, Jaison Torres-Pacheco, Génesis García-Díaz, and María Carolina Fragozo-Ramos. "Faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2: a threat to Latin America?" Journal of Medical Care Research and Review 3, no. 7 (July 29, 2020): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/mcrr.v3i7.118.
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We are living in times when a viral pandemic has stopped normal life in much of the world. The new viral agent named Coronavirus 2 of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV-2), was found to be the cause of the so-called Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). This new coronavirus is closely related to other emerging zoonotic coronaviruses, such as the etiological agent of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and the Coronavirus related to the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV), which can cause disease severe in humans (1). Early symptoms in most COVID-19 patients include fever, dyspnea, cough, and sore throat, which can progress to pneumonia in severe cases. Other symptoms such as some gastrointestinal manifestations, including diarrhea, are less frequent (2).
Respiratory droplets and contact transmission are considered the most important routes of transmission of COVID-19 but do not fully explain the occurrence of all cases and the rapid spread of this new virus (3). Recently, some studies have reported evidence of the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in feces and wastewater, which raises the possibility of faecal-oral transmission of COVID-19. Some investigations have shown that the positivity of SARS-CoV-2 in the feces remains between 7 and 33 days after the samples of nasopharyngeal swabs were negative, increasing the possibility that the virus is transmitted through contaminated fomites (4, 5). Other studies have managed to isolate the virus present in the feces, determining the viability of the virus in these samples, showing the potential risk of faecal-oral contagion (3). Another associated intrinsic concern is the possibility of mechanical transmission of insect-mediated SARS-CoV-2. Vectors such as flies and cockroaches circulate in environments where feces are present and may carry viruses on their body and in their intestinal tract, contaminating surfaces (6).
In recent months, studies have emerged where they detect the genetic material of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater (7). However, there is still no evidence of the viability of SARS-CoV-2 in these water sources. A study conducted on SARS-CoV during the outbreak in 2003 showed that the virus remains active in running water for 10 days at 23°C, while at low temperatures of 4°C the viability of the virus can reach up to 100 days. In wastewater, the viability of the virus decreases by 99.99% between 2-3 days at temperatures ~20°C and up to 14 days at 4°C (8). Considering the above, three possible environmental routes have been proposed for faecal-oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in humans from the feces. Within the main routes, it is found, the water, the surfaces, and the contact with the places where the vector insects circulate. From these environments, through different routes, viruses can reach the mouth and infect the intestinal and respiratory tracts of a susceptible host (9).
To date, there have been no reports of humans contracting the SARS-CoV-2 virus through faecal-oral transmission, however, this possible mechanism itself represents a potential risk for the spread and transmission of COVID-19 in the Latin American context, considering that about 191 million people are living in poverty and 72 million in extreme poverty. This means that 30.8% of Latin Americans are poor, and 11.5% are extremely poor. This supposes that part of the population does not have the necessary resources such as food, drinking water, or managed sanitation (10). Additionally, disadvantaged people are more likely to live in overcrowded accommodation, with poor housing conditions, limited access to personal outdoor space, and overcrowding, factors that increase exposure to COVID-19.
In conclusion, despite the need for more studies, if the "faecal-oral hypothesis" is confirmed as a transmission mechanism for COVID-19, it may result in far-reaching consequences for public health and pandemic control, especially in regions with fragile health systems such as Latin America, so studies are required to evaluate the influence of environmental factors on COVID-19 in the region.
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Munoz-Zanzi, Claudia, Emily Groene, Bozena M. Morawski, Kimberly Bonner, Federico Costa, Eric Bertherat, and Maria Cristina Schneider. "A systematic literature review of leptospirosis outbreaks worldwide, 1970–2012." Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública 44 (July 15, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.26633/rpsp.2020.78.
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Objective. This review describes the geographic and temporal distribution of, detection methods for, and other epidemiological features of published leptospirosis outbreaks, with the aim of informing efforts to standardize outbreak-reporting practices. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of leptospirosis outbreaks reported in the scientific literature and ProMED during 1970–2012. Predefined criteria were used to identify and classify outbreaks and a standard form was used to extract information. Results. During 1970–2012, we identified 318 outbreaks (average: 7 outbreaks/year; range: 1–19). Most outbreaks were reported in the Latin America and the Caribbean region (36%), followed by Southern Asia (13%), and North America (11%). Most outbreaks were located in tropical and subtropical ecoregions (55%). Quality classification showed that there was clear description of laboratory-confirmed cases in 40% of outbreaks. Among those, the average outbreak size was 82 cases overall (range: 2–2 259) but reached 253 cases in tropical/subtropical ecoregions. Common risk factors included outdoor work activities (25%), exposure to floodwaters (23%), and recreational exposure to water (22%). Epidemiologic investigation was conducted in 80% of outbreaks, mainly as case interviews. Case fatality was 5% overall (range: 0%–60%). Conclusions. Outbreak reporting increased over the study period with outbreaks covering tropical and non-tropical regions. Outbreaks varied by size, setting, and risk factors; however, data reviewed often had limited information regarding diagnosis and epidemiology. Guidelines are recommended to develop standardized procedures for diagnostic and epidemiological investigations during an outbreak and for reporting.
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Galiatsatos, Panagis, Eliza Judge, Rachelle Koehl, Marcella Hill, Olivia Veira, Nadia Hansel, Michelle Eakin, and Meredith McCormack. "The Lung Health Ambassador Program: A Community-Engagement Initiative Focusing on Pulmonary-Related Health Issues and Disparities Regarding Tobacco Use." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010005.
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Introduction: Educational campaigns have the potential to inform at risk populations about key issues relevant to lung health and to facilitate active engagement promoting healthy behaviors and risk prevention. We developed a community-based educational campaign called the Lung Health Ambassador Program (LHAP) with a goal of engaging youth and empowering them to be advocates for pulmonary health in their community. Objective: To evaluate the process outcomes and feasibility of the inaugural LHAP (2018–2019 academic year), with a specific aim to impact tobacco policy in the state of Maryland. Methods: Outcomes regarding feasibility included assessment of number of schools reached, number of students and healthcare professionals participating, and types of projects developed by participating students to impact modifiable risk factors for lung health. The courses for the LHAP were five 1 h sessions implemented at days and times identified by the community. The topics of the LHAP focused on lung anatomy, pulmonary diseases affecting school aged youth, tobacco use and prevalence, and air pollution (both indoor and outdoor). The fifth class discussed ways in which the students could impact lung health (e.g., policy and advocacy) and mitigate pulmonary disparities. Main Results: The LHAP was implemented at two elementary/middle schools, one high school, and two recreation centers within an urban metropolitan region. A total of 268 youths participated in the LHAP (age ranging from 11 to 18), whereby 72 (26.9%) were Hispanic/Latino and 110 (41.0%) were African American. Of the participating students, 240 wrote letters to local politicians to advocate for policies that would raise the legal age of acquiring tobacco products to 21. As for healthcare professionals, 18 academic faculty members participated in implementing the LHAP: 8 physicians and faculty staff and 10 nurses. Conclusions: The LHAP is a community-based program that provides education and training in advocacy with a goal of teaching about and, ultimately, reducing respiratory health disparities. The results from the first year demonstrate that the program is feasible, with success demonstrated in completing educational modules and engaging students. Next steps will include strategies to ensure sustainability and scalability to increase the reach of this program.
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Kusuma, Irvan Akbar, Silia Yuslim, and Etty Indrawati. "The Application of Educational Tourism in the Forest City of Tebet, South Jakarta." Journal of Synergy Landscape 2, no. 1 (September 5, 2022): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25105/tjsl.v2i1.14858.
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The Tebet city forest, located in the Tebet Barat Village, South Jakarta, is a green open space and is one of the urban forests in the city of Jakarta. The Tebet City Forest as a means of recreation and education is still not functioning correctly, so it is necessary to evaluate the existing facilities in the Tebet City Forest to realize educational tourism. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the state of the facilities in the Tebet City Forest, to provide alternative educational facilities that are suitable to be placed in the Tebet City Forest and to realize a landscape design that makes the Tebet City Forest an urban forest that facilitates educational tourism. This research uses a descriptive-analytical method. Through this method, researchers collect data through primary data and secondary data. The variables of the Tebet urban forest are cognitive, affective, and psychomotor. The results of this study indicate that facilities that can increase knowledge can be in the form of adding Indonesian plants, adding boards containing local names, Latin names, families, origins, and benefits for each tree, and providing community reading garden facilities. Facilities for protecting the environment include trash bins and signs for protecting the environment at every point of activity. Bus stops encourage people to use public transportation, provide bicycle rental and bicycle parking spaces, and provide open lawns and amphitheaters that can be used for various educational activities. Facilities that accommodate physical/physical activities include a children's playground, outdoor fitness, jogging track, multifunctional field, multifunctional plaza, amphitheater, and reflection area. It is necessary to develop and provide facilities that can support educational tourism. The results of this study can be implemented in a program that needs to be poured into the design of the site plan.
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Kendricks, April L., Stanton B. Gray, Gregory K. Wilkerson, Courtney M. Sands, Christian R. Abee, Bruce J. Bernacky, Peter J. Hotez, Maria Elena Bottazzi, Suzanne L. Craig, and Kathryn M. Jones. "Reproductive Outcomes in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) with Naturally-acquired Trypanosoma cruzi Infection." Comparative Medicine 70, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 152–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.30802/aalas-cm-19-000077.
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Chagas disease is a zoonotic vector-borne disease caused by infection with the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. T. cruzi is found in Latin America and the Southern United States, where it infects many species, including humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). NHPs are susceptible to natural infection and can develop clinical symptoms consistent with human disease, including Chagasic cardiomyopathy, gastrointestinal disease and transplacental transmission, leading to congenital infection. Due to evidence of Chagas transmission in Texas, this study hypothesized T. cruzi infection was present in a closed, outdoor-housed breeding colony of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) located at a biomedical research facility in Central Texas. In addition, we questioned whether seropositive female rhesus macaques might experience reproductive complications consistent with maternal-fetal Chagas disease. The seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection in the colony was assessed using an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) to detect antibodies against Tc24 antigen as a screening assay, and a commercially available immunochromatographic test (Chagas Stat Pak) as a confirmatory assay. Retrospective serologic analysis was performed to confirm the status of all T. cruzi-infected animals between the years 2012 to 2016. The medical history of all seropositive and seronegative breeding females within the colony from 2012 to 2016 was reviewed to determine each animals' level of reproductive fitness. The percentage of T. cruzi-seropositive animals ranged from 6.7% to 9.7% in adult animals and 0% to 0.44% in juveniles or weanling animals, depending on the year. An overall 3.9% seroprevalence of T. cruzi infection was found in the total population. No significant differences in any measure of reproductive outcomes were identified between seropositive and seronegative females from 2012 to 2016. The lack of significant adverse reproductive outcomes reported here may help inform future management decisions regarding seropositive female rhesus macaques within breeding colonies.
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Golobovante, Maria. "Web Rádio Palafita: Quais vozes falam pelo Dique da Vila Gilda em Santos – SP?" Boitatá 17, no. 33 (October 17, 2022): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/boitata.2022v17.e46729.
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O objetivo maior do projeto Rede de Informação Comunitária do grupo de pesquisa Mediações Telemáticas da área de Comunicação da PUC-SP, iniciado em 2017, foi implantar a web rádio Palafita na maior favela de palafitas da América Latina, o dique da Vila Gilda, localizada em Santos – SP, pela criação e produção de conteúdos de mídia livre, alternativos aos veiculados pelas mídiais hegemônicas locais. O Dique é uma área periférica marcada pela cultura caiçara, dos habitantes tradicionais do litoral, formados a partir da miscigenação entre índios, brancos e negros e pela imensa quantidade de imigrantes, principalmente nordestinos, que ali se estabeleceram depois da construção das rodovias Anchieta e Imigrantes. São mais de 6 mil famílias que vivem em condição visualmente insalubre para o olhar externo, mas que, quando nos aproximamos e passamos a conviver com os moradores, percebemos quão diferente é a opinião deles a respeito do mesmo lugar. Depois de três anos de aproximação e parceria com o instituto Arte no Dique e com a Escola Estadual Francisco Meira, somente agora, nós, pesquisadores, estamos começando a, de fato, ouvir e entender as vozes, apreendendo os códigos e as poéticas vocais ali presentes. No processo de escuta da pluralidade de suas vozes, é interessante notar o quanto as vozes dominantes de traficantes e líderes políticos e religiosos, pincipalmente pastores, influenciam de forma implícita os códigos de comportamento e como, do ponto de vista do consumo, moradores, principalmente moradores jovens, utilizam as mesmas marcas presentes em outros territórios da cidade, onde a faixa de renda dos moradores é maior. Outro ponto em relação aos jovens é que eles entendem TV, rádio e outdoor como mídia, mas celular como tecnologia, ou seja, há uma separação clara para eles que parte do critério de qual suporte eles dominam. E é a partir do recorte da relação entre oralidade, suporte midiático móvel, território e juventude, que esse artigo (apresentação) se desenvolverá. Para entender a relação das mutações vocais dos moradores a partir da sua interação com os suportes tecnológicos da web rádio, acionaremos os pensamentos de Carmen L. José, Jerusa P. Ferreira, Ivana Bentes e Jaílson de Souza e Silva, entre outros autores.
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Hulsenboom, Paul. "Better than Pindar? The Ode by Sidronius Hosschius to Sarbievius and Its Two Versions." Terminus 22, no. 4 (57) (2020): 285—\—314. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20843844te.20.016.12536.
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The main aim of this paper is to present and analyse an ode by the Flemish Jesuit Sidronius Hosschius (Sidronius [or Syderoen] de Hossche, 1596–1653) to “the Sarmatian Horace”Mathias Casimirus Sarbievius (Maciej Kazimierz Sarbiewski, 1595–1640). This eulogy has often been viewed as a masterpiece. In addition, it has two distinct versions: one published in a collection of poems in honour of Sarbievius (the socalled Epicitharisma), first printed in an edition of his oeuvre in 1632, and one in the collective volume of Hosschius’s own works issued posthumously in 1656. Both versions were first published by the famous Plantin-Moretus printing house in Antwerp. The paper consists of three sections. The first one focuses on the relationship between Hosschius and Sarbievius and on the Nachleben of Hosschius’s ode. The second section offers a general analysis of the poem. Tracing the contents of Hosschius’s ode and its sources of inspiration, it argues that Hor. Carm. IV 2 is central to the poem’s understanding. The third section discusses the differences between the two versions, in an attempt to disclose why the poem was altered and how the changes influence the ode’s meaning. A number of larger changes affect the poem’s central message: while in the earlier version Sarbievius is said to outdo Pindar and even Horace, the later version is more cautious. All it does is admit that Sarbievius could perhaps equal Pindar and Orpheus. Hosschius’s eulogy and the reception of Sarbievius through his composition have two different traditions: 1) the one found in most editions of Sarbievius’s works, where the poem basically proclaims him to be the best Latin lyricist of all time, thereby tying in with other laudatory contributions and promoting both Sarbievius’s oeuvre and the editions themselves, and 2) the one added to Hosschius’s own poetry, where the adjusted version—which contains more references to ancient literature and which could be called more personal, as well as, perhaps, more realistic—became a fan favourite. In both instances, however, the reinterpretation of the psychological effect of poetry—the translation of furor poeticus from the author to the reader—and the re-evaluation of the concept of aemulatio could be the main reason why Hosschius’s ode was so highly valued.