Journal articles on the topic 'Latin Americans'
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Villalobos Dintrans, Cristóbal. "Teoría social y régimen de conocimiento. Una crítica al poscolonialismo latinoamericano." Revista Temas Sociológicos, no. 21 (December 11, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07194145.21.1050.
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El presente artículo analiza la relación contemporánea entre las características societales de América Latina y la producción de teoría social que se genera en el continente. A partir de una breve descripción de una de las respuestas teóricas más desarrolladas y difundidas en el continente durante las últimas décadas, el poscolonialismo, se entiende el problema de la producción de conocimiento como una interrelación entre sociedad y teoría social. El análisis del caso latinoamericano muestra, por un lado, un vacío teórico en el continente, y, por otro, la existencia de un régimen de conocimiento precario, débil y poco desarrollado. Esto nos lleva a repensar el problema de la teoría social latinoamericana desde una nueva perspectiva, que reconozca la existencia de la ciencia universal, abandonando la idea misma de teoría social latinoamericana y reemplazándola por la idea de teoría social realizada por latinoamericanos. Palabras clave: teoría social, poscolonialismo, régimen de conocimiento, América Latina, producción de conocimiento. Social theory and knowledge regime. Reviewing the Latin American post-colonialism Abstract This article analyzes the contemporary relationship between the social characteristics of Latin America and the production of social theory generated in the Continent. By a short description of one of the most developed and widespread theoretical responses on the Continent during the last decades –post-colonialism– we understand the issue of knowledge production as interrelated between society and social theory. On the one hand, the analysis of the Latin American case shows a theoretical void in the Continent, and, on the other, the existence of a knowledge regime that is precarious, weak and underdeveloped. This leads us to think again about the subject of Latin American social theory from a new perspective that recognizes the existence of a universal science abandoning the very idea of Latin American social theory and replacing it with the idea of social theory carried out by Latin Americans. Keywords: Social theory, post-colonialism, knowledge regime, Latin America, knowledge production. Teoria social e regimem do conhecimento. Uma crítica ao poscolonialismo latino-americano Resumo O presente artigo analisa a relação contemporânea entre as características sociais da América Latina e a produção da teoria social gerada no continente. A partir de uma breve descrição de uma das respostas teóricas mais desenvolvidas e difundidas no continente durante as últimas décadas, o pós-colonialismo, entende-se o problema da produção do conhecimento como uma inter-relação entre a sociedade e a teoria social. A análise do caso latino-americano mostra, por um lado, um vácuo teórico no continente e, por outro, a existencia de um regime de conhecimento precário, fraco e subdesenvolvido. Isso nos leva a repensar o problema da teoria social latino-americana a partir de uma nova perspectiva, que reconheça a existência da ciência universal, abandonando a própria ideia da teoria social latino-americana e substituindo-a pela ideia da teoria social realizada pelos latino-americanos.Palavras-chave: teoria social, pós-colonialismo, regime do conhecimento, América Latina, produção de conhecimento.
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Villalobos Dintrans, Cristóbal. "Teoría social y régimen de conocimiento. Una crítica al poscolonialismo latinoamericano." Revista Temas Sociológicos, no. 21 (December 11, 2017): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.29344/07196458.21.1050.
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El presente artículo analiza la relación contemporánea entre las características societales de América Latina y la producción de teoría social que se genera en el continente. A partir de una breve descripción de una de las respuestas teóricas más desarrolladas y difundidas en el continente durante las últimas décadas, el poscolonialismo, se entiende el problema de la producción de conocimiento como una interrelación entre sociedad y teoría social. El análisis del caso latinoamericano muestra, por un lado, un vacío teórico en el continente, y, por otro, la existencia de un régimen de conocimiento precario, débil y poco desarrollado. Esto nos lleva a repensar el problema de la teoría social latinoamericana desde una nueva perspectiva, que reconozca la existencia de la ciencia universal, abandonando la idea misma de teoría social latinoamericana y reemplazándola por la idea de teoría social realizada por latinoamericanos. Palabras clave: teoría social, poscolonialismo, régimen de conocimiento, América Latina, producción de conocimiento. Social theory and knowledge regime. Reviewing the Latin American post-colonialism Abstract This article analyzes the contemporary relationship between the social characteristics of Latin America and the production of social theory generated in the Continent. By a short description of one of the most developed and widespread theoretical responses on the Continent during the last decades –post-colonialism– we understand the issue of knowledge production as interrelated between society and social theory. On the one hand, the analysis of the Latin American case shows a theoretical void in the Continent, and, on the other, the existence of a knowledge regime that is precarious, weak and underdeveloped. This leads us to think again about the subject of Latin American social theory from a new perspective that recognizes the existence of a universal science abandoning the very idea of Latin American social theory and replacing it with the idea of social theory carried out by Latin Americans. Keywords: Social theory, post-colonialism, knowledge regime, Latin America, knowledge production. Teoria social e regimem do conhecimento. Uma crítica ao poscolonialismo latino-americano Resumo O presente artigo analisa a relação contemporânea entre as características sociais da América Latina e a produção da teoria social gerada no continente. A partir de uma breve descrição de uma das respostas teóricas mais desenvolvidas e difundidas no continente durante as últimas décadas, o pós-colonialismo, entende-se o problema da produção do conhecimento como uma inter-relação entre a sociedade e a teoria social. A análise do caso latino-americano mostra, por um lado, um vácuo teórico no continente e, por outro, a existencia de um regime de conhecimento precário, fraco e subdesenvolvido. Isso nos leva a repensar o problema da teoria social latino-americana a partir de uma nova perspectiva, que reconheça a existência da ciência universal, abandonando a própria ideia da teoria social latino-americana e substituindo-a pela ideia da teoria social realizada pelos latino-americanos.Palavras-chave: teoria social, pós-colonialismo, regime do conhecimento, América Latina, produção de conhecimento.
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Schettino, Paulo Braz Clemencio. "El dia que me quieras." Revista FAMECOS 18, no. 3 (December 22, 2011): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-3729.2011.3.10377.
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As lembranças que restaram amarelecidas e transformadas pelo decurso do tempo na memória consciente a partir da experiência de espectador das artes sonoras e imagéticas da pintura, do teatro, da música e do cinema sobre as questões da latinidade nas Américas em confronto com a vivência de idêntica problemática política nos dias atuais – 30 anos depois. Revisitação de um tempo passado em busca de sua atualidade, e análise comparada de quatro textos de categorias diferentes, abrigados sob um mesmo título – El Dia Que Me Quieras – em exercício de intertextualidade. A pesquisa que antecedeu o presente texto pretende ao menos compreender e se possível lançar luz sobre a questão da América Latina, Latinidade e Latino-americanos. Palavras-chave: América Latina; Colonialismo; Latinidade. “The day that you love me” Abstract: The memories that remain yellowed and turned the course of time in conscious memory from the viewing experience of sound and image arts of painting, theater, music and film on the issues of Latin civilization in the Americas in comparison with the experience of similar political issue today – 30 years later. A visitation of time spent in search of his current and comparative analysis of four texts of different categories, sheltered under the same title – El Dia Que Me Quieras – intertextuality in exercise. The research that preceded the present text intends to at least understand and can shed light on the question of Latin American, Latina and Latino Americans. Keywords: Latin America; Colonialism; Latinity.
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Machuca, Milton Ricardo. "Afro-Latin Americans." Visual Anthropology 23, no. 4 (July 15, 2010): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08949468.2010.485073.
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Stern, Steve J. "Paradigms of Conquest: History, Historiography, and Politics." Journal of Latin American Studies 24, S1 (March 1992): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00023750.
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The Quandary of 1492The year 1492 evokes a powerful symbolism.1The symbolism is most charged, of course, among peoples whose historical memory connects them directly to the forces unleashed in 1492. For indigenous Americans, Latin Americans, minorities of Latino or Hispanic descent, and Spaniards and Portuguese, the sense of connection is strong. The year 1492 symbolises a momentous turn in historical destiny: for Amerindians, the ruinous switch from independent to colonised history; for Iberians, the launching of a formative historical chapter of imperial fame and controversy; for Latin Americans and the Latino diaspora, the painful birth of distinctive cultures out of power-laden encounters among Iberian Europeans, indigenous Americans, Africans, and the diverse offspring who both maintained and blurred the main racial categories.But the symbolism extends beyond the Americas, and beyond the descendants of those most directly affected. The arrival of Columbus in America symbolises a historical reconfiguration of world magnitude. The fusion of native American and European histories into one history marked the beginning of the end of isolated stagings of human drama. Continental and subcontinental parameters of human action and struggle, accomplishment and failure, would expand into a world stage of power and witness. The expansion of scale revolutionised cultural and ecological geography. After 1492, the ethnography of the humanoid other proved an even more central fact of life, and the migrations of microbes, plants and animals, and cultural inventions would transform the history of disease, food consumption, land use, and production techniques.2In addition, the year 1492 symbolises the beginnings of the unique world ascendance of European civilisation.
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Mendieta-Bartolomé, Ana-María, and José-Luis Argiñano. "Identity orientations of Latino print media in Spain: the reinforcement of Latino popular culture." Communication & Society 36, no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.36.3.35-51.
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The evolution of Latino print media in Spain has coincided with the demographic increase of Latin American immigrants in the country since the early 1990s. Starting with one publication in 1992, the market started to grow in 2003 and reached its peak in 2007 with the edition of more than 100 titles. The advertising crisis of 2008 ended this trend, and the number of publications began a continuous and permanent decline in the following years despite a demographic recovery of Latin Americans in Spain after 2016. This research presents a quantitative analysis of the contents of 1,500 news items from 14 Latino newspapers and magazines that survived the 2008 advertising downfall. Six of these 14 media outlets continue publishing in 2023. The objective of this study is to show the connections between the contents of the analyzed Latino print media and the cultural identities of their readers. The results show that the prevalent themes related to culture, society and politics represent the identities of their Latino readers. Latino publications give visibility to Latinos as the protagonists of their contents. In addition, the origin of the protagonists shows the wide range of Latin American countries in correlation with the diverse Latin American origins of the readers. We discuss the implications of these findings within the volatile context of Latino print media in Spain, the growing Latin American demographics, and the formation of diverse Latino identities.
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Beltrán, Mary. "Dolores Del Rio, the First “Latin Invasion,” and Hollywood’s Transition to Sound." Aztlán: A Journal of Chicano Studies 30, no. 1 (2005): 55–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/azt.2005.30.1.55.
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This essay examines the career and promotion of Mexican actress Dolores Del Rio as a case study of how Hollywood’s shift to sound film affected Latino and Latina actors. Del Rio’s career aptly illustrates the complex negotiations inherent in marketing a Latina star to non-Latinos, even during the “Latin lover” vogue of the 1920s. It also shows how starring opportunities for Latinos dwindled when accent and language increasingly marked them as nonwhite in the talkie films of the 1930s. The cultural racialization of Mexican Americans and other Latinos in the larger society found parallels in the shifting construction and promotion of Latino and Latina stars.
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Shen, Simon. "Online Chinese Perceptions of Latin America: How They Differ from the Official View." China Quarterly 209 (March 2012): 157–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741011001524.
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AbstractUsing online Chinese communities as primary sources, this article studies public perceptions in China of Latin America in terms of how the region is seen as part of the Third World while also offering China a convenient backyard by which to access the First World United States. Codified online public opinion on four different Latin American topics is then analysed and compared with official opinion: how “Latin Americanization” becomes China's nightmare, how the Latin Americans should learn from the “China model,” how the Latin Americans were being discriminated in the H1N1 epidemic, and how the “Latin American card” to balance the United States is emphasized. The conclusion suggests that only when the stereotypes discussed in this article are dismissed will the true value of Latin America gradually obtain any standing in the eyes of ordinary Chinese and will the Latin American mission of the Chinese government be fully understood by its subjects.
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Fiedler, Susann, Dshamilja Marie Hellmann, Angela Rachael Dorrough, and Andreas Glöckner. "Cross-national in-group favoritism in prosocial behavior: Evidence from Latin and North America." Judgment and Decision Making 13, no. 1 (January 2018): 42–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500008810.
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AbstractAs individuals from different nations increasingly interact with each other, research on national in-group favoritism becomes particularly vital. In a cross-national, large-scale study (N = 915) including representative samples from four Latin American nations (Chile, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela) and the USA, we explore differences regarding nationality-based in-group favoritism. In-group favoritism is assessed through differences in prosocial behavior toward persons from the own nation as compared to persons from other nations in fully incentivized one-shot dictator games. We find strong evidence for national in-group favoritism for the overall sample, but also significant differences among national subsamples. Latin Americans show more national in-group favoritism compared to US Americans (interacting with Latin Americans). While US Americans mainly follow an equal split norm (for both in- and out-group interactions), Latin Americans do so only in in-group interactions. The magnitude of in-group favoritism increases with social distance toward the out-group.
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Castillo Santana, Esmailyn, Margareth Catoia Varela, Yocastia de Jesús Arámboles, Anderson Suarez-Rodríguez, and Marcellus Dias da Costa. "Knowledge and Attitudes About Travel Medicine in Latin America in the Context of COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Travel Medicine and Global Health 9, no. 3 (August 11, 2021): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/ijtmgh.2021.20.
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Introduction: Travel Medicine specialty has existed in Latin American for more than 25 years. The creation of the Latin American Society of Travel Medicine (SLAMVI) stimulated medical education in this discipline, through research and scientific publications. However, Travel Medicine is practically unknown to Latin Americans. Methods: Latin Americans (n=9487) completed an online survey of ten questions from nine countries of the region to determine the knowledge of the population about the existence of this specialty and their attitudes about it. Results: Although more than 90% of those surveyed knew that traveling to certain countries requires to receive certain vaccines, less than 30% had heard of the specialty of Travel Medicine. After knowing the definition and objectives of the specialty, more than 90% of the participants considered it important to carry out a pre-travel consultation with a specialist. Conclusion: The lack of knowledge of the specialty is the main barrier to Latin Americans to have access to Travel Medicine consultation. It is necessary to publicize the specialty, make the population aware of the importance of pre- and post-travel consultation, as well as the creation of this service in more public hospitals in Latin America.
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Colburn, Forrest D. "Liberalism Takes Root in Central America." Current History 103, no. 670 (February 1, 2004): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2004.103.670.74.
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Central America's unlikely route to liberal democracy may not have been perceived as leading to durable regimes. However, democracy has been resilient and even stable in Central America. Indeed, Central Americans, accustomed to being perceived as poor and unstable by their Mexican and South American brethren, have been smug about the locus of Latin America's ills being shifted to South America.
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Yang, Guangrui, Yingjie Chen, Qing Li, Daniel Benítez, Luis Miguel Ramírez, Macarena Fuentes-Guajardo, Tsunehiko Hanihara, et al. "Dental size variation in admixed Latin Americans: Effects of age, sex and genomic ancestry." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (May 4, 2023): e0285264. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0285264.
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Dental size variation in modern humans has been assessed from regional to worldwide scales, especially under microevolutionary and forensic contexts. Despite this, populations of mixed continental ancestry such as contemporary Latin Americans remain unexplored. In the present study we investigated a large Latin American sample from Colombia (N = 804) and obtained buccolingual and mesiodistal diameters and three indices for maxillary and mandibular teeth (except third molars). We evaluated the correlation between 28 dental measurements (and three indices) with age, sex and genomic ancestry (estimated using genome-wide SNP data). In addition, we explored correlation patterns between dental measurements and the biological affinities, based on these measurements, between two Latin American samples (Colombians and Mexicans) and three putative parental populations: Central and South Native Americans, western Europeans and western Africans through PCA and DFA. Our results indicate that Latin Americans have high dental size diversity, overlapping the variation exhibited by the parental populations. Several dental dimensions and indices have significant correlations with sex and age. Western Europeans presented closer biological affinities with Colombians, and the European genomic ancestry exhibited the highest correlations with tooth size. Correlations between tooth measurements reveal distinct dental modules, as well as a higher integration of postcanine dentition. The effects on dental size of age, sex and genomic ancestry is of relevance for forensic, biohistorical and microevolutionary studies in Latin Americans.
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Prieto-Stambaugh, Antonio, and Lisa Wolford. "Latin Americans Left out." TDR (1988-) 36, no. 1 (1992): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1146175.
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Szurmuk, Mónica. "Rethinking Jewish-Latin Americans." Hispanic American Historical Review 90, no. 1 (February 1, 2010): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2009-124.
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Lemon, Atenea Jiménez, and Kevin A. Young. "Letting Latin Americans Live." NACLA Report on the Americas 52, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10714839.2020.1733238.
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Vidal, Rebeca. "Latin Americans: Competitive Entrepreneurs?" Journal of Globalization, Competitiveness, and Governability 2, no. 2 (September 24, 2014): 126–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3232/gcg.2008.v2.n2.08.
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Friedman, Elisabeth Jay, Kathryn Hochstetler, and Ann Marie Clark. "Sovereign Limits and Regional Opportunities for Global Civil Society in Latin America." Latin American Research Review 36, no. 3 (2001): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0023879100019166.
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AbstractIn this article, we evaluate whether Latin American participation in international arenas reinforces traditional divides between state and society in global politics or transforms state-society relations in ways compatible with the concept of global civil society. We examine the participation and interaction of Latin American nongovernmental organizations and states at three recent United Nations conferences: the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development, the 1993 World Conference on Human Rights, and the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women. We conclude that Latin Americans are full participants in any emerging global civil society. Their experiences at the 1990s issue conferences closely track those of NGOs of the Northern Hemisphere, notwithstanding the much more recent appearance of NGOs in Latin America. At the same time, Latin Americans bring a regional sensibility to their participation in global processes that reflects recent political developments and debates in the region.
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Moilanen, Kristin L., and Marcela Raffaelli. "Support and conflict in ethnically diverse young adults’ relationships with parents and friends." International Journal of Behavioral Development 34, no. 1 (November 6, 2009): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025409348553.
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We examined support and conflict with parents and close friends in a sample of ethnically diverse young adults (European-, Asian-, Cuban-, Latin-, and Mexican Americans). College students ( N = 495) completed six subscales from the Network of Relationships Inventory (NRI; Furman & Buhrmester, 1985). Friends were rated higher than parents on global support by Asian- and European Americans, but not by the three Latino groups. Regardless of ethnic group, friends and parents provided different types of support, and conflict with parents was more frequent than conflict with friends. No differences due to age, gender, or generation of immigration emerged for European-, Cuban-, or Asian Americans; differences emerged attributable to gender among Mexican Americans (support and conflict), and generation of immigration among Latin Americans (support). Findings reveal ethnic group similarities in how college students’ social relationships are structured, but also highlight unique within-group experiences.
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Heikes, Laura. "Una Perspectiva Diferente: Latin Americans and the Global Mission Movement." Missiology: An International Review 31, no. 1 (January 2003): 69–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009182960303100110.
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Missionaries from Latin American countries make up a small but powerful part of the global mission movement. With advantages drawn from their countries' weaker economies, their own cultural and historic background, and their familiarity with migrant work, Latin Americans could soon prove invaluable in areas “resistant” to Western missionaries. Yet if this dynamic force is to reach its full potential, the Latin American church must address problems such as deficiencies of financial and pastoral support, and lack of adequate, culturally appropriate training programs.
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Jerabek, I., and A. F. De Man. "SOCIAL DISTANCE AMONG CAUCASIAN-CANADIANS AND ASIAN, LATIN-AMERICAN AND EASTERN EUROPEAN IMMIGRANTS IN QUEBEC: A TWO-PART STUDY." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 22, no. 3 (January 1, 1994): 297–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.1994.22.3.297.
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Caucasian Canadians and Asian, Latin-American, and Eastern European immigrants (N=109) participated in a two-part study of inter-group social distance. In the first part, ANOVA showed that of the four groups, Asians reported the greatest social dist ance toward others, whereby they did not differentiate between the three out -groups. Next were the Latin-Americans who preferred Caucasian Canadians over Eastern Europeans and Asians. Eastern Europeans in turn felt closest to Caucasian Canadians and less close to Latin-Americans and Asians. Caucasian Canadians reported the smallest overall social distance; they did not differentiate between the three out-groups. As target group, Caucasian Canadians were more preferred than were Asians, Latin-Americans, and Eastern Europeans. The latter three groups in turn received greatest sympathetic understanding from Caucasian Canadians. In the second part, analyses of the data of the four groups combined indicated that individuals with limited education, low family income, and high authoritarianism perceived greater social distance between themselves and members of out-groups.
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Peters, Mario. "Automobilität in Lateinamerika – eine historiographische Analyse." Anuario de Historia de América Latina 56 (December 20, 2019): 369–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15460/jbla.56.152.
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Although car-ownership matters to many Latin Americans and cars are nearly omnipresent in daily life in Latin American societies, very little is known about important aspects of the social and cultural histories of automobility in Latin America. However, in the last ten years, several historians have begun to approach the meanings of automobility in Latin American countries. This trend is closely connected to recent developments and new approaches in the international research on mobility, the latter of which I discuss in the first part of this essay. To proceed, I analyze the state of the art on the history of automobility in Latin America, focusing on the following aspects: the emergence of early Latin American car cultures, car and traffic-related social conflicts, and road building. In the last part I ponder on the question of how future studies might advance the state of research on automobility and offer new perspectives on central themes in Latin American history.Although car-ownership matters to many Latin Americans and cars are nearly omnipresent in daily life in Latin American societies, very little is known about important aspects of the social and cultural histories of automobility in Latin America. However, in the last ten years, several historians have begun to approach the meanings of automobility in Latin American countries. This trend is closely connected to recent developments and new approaches in the international research on mobility, the latter of which I discuss in the first part of this essay. To proceed, I analyze the state of the art on the history of automobility in Latin America, focusing on the following aspects: the emergence of early Latin American car cultures, car and traffic-related social conflicts, and road building. In the last part I ponder on the question of how future studies might advance the state of research on automobility and offer new perspectives on central themes in Latin American history.
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Miller, Nicola. "Recasting the Role of the Intellectual: Chilean Poet Gabriela Mistral." Feminist Review 79, no. 1 (March 2005): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.fr.9400206.
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The life and work of Gabriela Mistral, the first Latin American writer to be awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1945, is examined as an example of how difficult it was for women to win recognition as intellectuals in 20th-century Latin America. Despite an international reputation for erudition and political commitment, Mistral has traditionally been represented in stereotypically gendered terms as the ‘Mother’ and ‘Schoolteacher’ of the Americas, and it has been repeatedly claimed that she was both apolitical and anti-intellectual. This article contests such claims, arguing that she was not only committed to fulfilling the role of an intellectual, but that she also elaborated a critique of the dominant male Latin American view of intellectuality, probing the boundaries of both rationality and nationality as constructed by male Euro-Americans. In so doing, she addressed many of the crucial issues that still confront intellectuals today in Latin America and elsewhere.
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Avalos, Danny Juan, Jinendra Satiya, Alberto Contreras, Shivani Trivedi, Luis Alvarado, Christopher Dodoo, Alok Kumar Dwivedi, and Marc J. Zuckerman. "Latin Americans and US Hispanics show differences in IBD phenotype: a systematic review with meta-analysis." Journal of Investigative Medicine 70, no. 4 (December 21, 2021): 919–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jim-2021-001846.
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Latin America has experienced a rise in the prevalence and incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Differences in IBD phenotype between Hispanics in Latin America and those in the USA have not been described. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis of population-based and cohort studies comparing the phenotype of ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD) in Latin Americans and US Hispanics. A systematic search was conducted up to March 2019 using MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar. Inclusion criterion includes studies describing IBD phenotype in Latin Americans or in US Hispanics. Exclusion criterion includes prevalence or incidence studies not describing phenotype. A random effects model was chosen “a priori” for analysis of pooled proportions. A total of 46 studies were included from Latin America and 7 studies from the USA. The predominant IBD subtype in Latin America was UC with a more balanced UC:CD ratio noted in Puerto Rico (0.53) and Brazil (0.56). UC-related extensive colitis was more common in US Hispanics (0.64) than in Latin Americans (0.38), p<0.001. CD phenotype was similar between US Hispanics and Latin Americans. UC is the predominant IBD subtype in Latin America, with the exception of Puerto Rico and Brazil which demonstrate a more balanced UC:CD ratio. In UC, extensive colitis was more frequently seen in US Hispanics than in Latin Americans. CD phenotype was similar in both US Hispanics and Latin Americans.
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Rodríguez, Lidia, Luzio Uriarte, and Iziar Basterretxea. "Latin American Christians Living in the Basque Country (Spain): What Remains and What Changes." Religions 11, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel11020084.
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The research we will present is based on interviews conducted with the Latin American immigrant population and the indigenous population of the Basque Autonomous Community (BAC hereafter). We seek to identify religious features tracing similarities and differences between three populations: First, the native community of the BAC, second, Latin American immigrants living in the BAC, and third, Latin Americans in their home countries. In the latter case, we based on the research carried out by Gustavo Morello’s team. Analysis of the data obtained so far allows us to compare across two different processes in the Christian religion: On the one hand, the religious experience of Latin Americans in their countries of origin and the religious experience of Latin American immigrants in the BAC; on the other hand, between the latter community and the native population. This paper highlights conclusions referring: (1) The similarities in two significant processes, i.e., religious pluralism and religious autonomy; (2) the differences on religious hybridization, public presence and the use of religious artefacts. In short, it is a contribution to a better understanding of the effects produced on religious experiences in a context marked by secularization and religious pluralism.
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Oei, Tian P. S., Evelyn Hibberd, and Andrea J. O'brien. "Study of the Integrated Cognitive Model of Depression Among Latin-Americans." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 10 (October 2005): 932–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01661.x.
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Objective: The objective of the present study is to test the validity of the integrated cognitive model (ICM) of depression proposed by Kwon and Oei with a Latin-American sample. The ICM of depression postulates that the interaction between negative life events with dysfunctional attitudes increases the frequency of negative automatic thoughts, which in turns affects the depressive symptomatology of a person. This model was developed for Western Europeans such as Americans and Australians and the validity of this model has not been tested on Latin-Americans. Method: Participants were 101 Latin-American migrants living permanently in Brisbane, including people from Chile, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Argentina and Guatemala. Participants completed the Beck Depression Inventory, the Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire and the Life Events Inventory. Alternative or competing models of depression were examined, including the alternative aetiologies model, the linear mediational model and the symptom model. Results: Six models were tested and the results of the structural equation modelling analysis indicated that the symptom model only fits the Latin-American data. Conclusions: Results show that in the Latin-American sample depression symptoms can have an impact on negative cognitions. This finding adds to growing evidence in the literature that the relationship between cognitions and depression is bidirectional, rather than unidirectional from cognitions to symptoms.
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De Novion, Jacques, Lucio Oliver Costilla, and Mario Ayala. "Pensamento, Teoria e Estudos Latino-americanos." Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas 8, no. 2 (December 30, 2014): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21057/repam.v8i2.13185.
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RESUMOO presente trabalho configura como artigo inicial do Dossiê Especial – Pensamento, Teoria e Estudos Latino-americanos, organizado conjuntamente por nós, a pedido da Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas (CEPPAC), do Instituto de Ciências Sociais (ICS), da Universidade de Brasília (UnB). De forma breve, este artigo apresenta a importância alcançada pelo Pensamento, pela Teoria, e, sobre tudo, pelos Estudos Latino-americanos nas últimas décadas. Em seguida, o artigo apresenta os quatorze trabalhos e uma resenha que compõem este Dossiê, resultado da contribuição de diferentes pesquisadores de distintas localidades da região, organizados em três blocos: Ciências Sociais Latino-americanas, Pensamento e Estudos.PALAVRAS CHAVE: Ciências Sociais Latino-americanas; Pensamento Latino-americanos; Teoria Latino-americana; Estudos Latino-americanos.---RESUMENEl presente trabajo configura como articulo inicial del Dossier Especial – Pensamiento Teoría y Estudios Latinoamericanos, organizado conjuntamente por nosotros, a pedido de la Revista de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre as Américas (CEPPAC), del Instituto de Ciências Sociais (ICS), de la Universidade de Brasília (UnB). De forma breve, este articulo presenta la importancia alcanzada por el Pensamiento, por la Teoría, y, sobre todo, por los Estudios Latinoamericanos en las últimas décadas. En seguida, el articulo presenta los catorce trabajos e una reseña que componen este Dossier, resultado de la contribución de diferentes investigadores de distintas localidades de la región, organizados en tres bloques: Ciencias Sociales Latinoamericanas, Pensamiento y Estudios.PALABRAS CLAVE: Ciencias Sociales Latinoamericanas; Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Teoría Latinoamericana; Estudios Latinoamericanos.---ABSTRACTThis paper is set up as the initial article of this Special Dossier - Thought, Theory and Latin American Studies, which we organized collectively, at the request of the Journal of Study and Research on the Americas (CEPPAC), the Institute of Social Sciences (ICS), and of the University of Brasilia (UnB). In brief, this article presents the significance achieved by the Thought, the Theory, and, above all, by Latin American Studies in recent decades. Next, the paper presents the fourteen articles and the review that constitute this dossier, which results from the contribution of researchers from different locations of the region. The dossier was arranged into three sections: Latin American Social Sciences, Thought and Studies.KEYWORDS: Latin American Social Sciences; Latin American Thinking; Latin American theory; Latin American Studies.
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Arce-Valentín, Reinerio. "Towards a decolonial approach in Latin American theology." Theology Today 74, no. 1 (April 2017): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040573616689838.
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I would like to contrast some of the premises proposed by the so-called postcolonial approach with what some Latin-Americans scholars identify as “epistemological Decolonization.” Colonialism is not something of the past; it has new forms. That is the challenge of the Latin American Theology. I wish to show how Moltmann's critique of and dialog with Latin-American Theology help us in the process of elaborating more clearly a “decolonial epistemology.” At the same time, I wish to show how Latin American liberation theology resonates with many of the insights that the decolonial approach offers. I argue that since its inception Latin American theology has displayed a decolonizing content and impetus, which becomes clearer in our present global climate.
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Mangone, Carlos A., Adrían Alvarez Bueno, Ricardo Allegri, Raúl Arizaga, Ricardo Nitrini, Roberto Ventura, and Francisco Lopera. "Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia in Latin America." International Psychogeriatrics 12, S1 (July 2000): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610200007377.
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Latin America has a connotation of youth (Mangone & Arizaga, 1999). Yet we cannot ignore the significant increase in life expectancy in many Latin American countries (Table 1); as the economy and level of education improve, so does the health of the population. With the increase in life expectancy, Latin Americans are beginning to perceive dementia in the elderly as a considerable social and medical problem.
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Ehrick, Christine. "Beneficent Cinema: State Formation, Elite Reproduction, and Silent Film in Uruguay, 1910s–1920s." Americas 63, no. 2 (October 2006): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003161500062970.
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In her study of early cinema and modernity in Latin America, Ana López wrote: “Latin American modernity has been a global, intertextual experience, addressing impulses and models from abroad, in which every nation and region created, and creates, its own ways of playing with and at modernity.” Early Uruguayan cinema exemplifies this interaction of global phenomena with local realities and thus provides an instructive window onto some of the ways Latin Americans were “playing with and at modernity” in the early twentieth century. During that era, Uruguay emerged as Latin America’s first welfare state and a model of progressive reform in the region. The complexities of that transition are reflected in so-calledcine de beneficencia(beneficent cinema), film made by and for social assistance organizations for fundraising and propaganda purposes. Film historian José Carlos Álvarez identifies beneficent cinema as “something that we think was purely Uruguayan, and specific to this era.”
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Cahuas, Madelaine C. "The struggle and (im)possibilities of decolonizing Latin American citizenship practices and politics in Toronto." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 38, no. 2 (April 2020): 209–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0263775820915998.
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This paper explores the tensions racialized migrants negotiate when politically organizing and enacting citizenship within the context of the Canadian white settler state. I focus on the experiences of Latin Americans in Toronto and the politics surrounding a cultural celebration – Hispanic Heritage Month. While some Latin Americans sought to use this event to gain recognition and assert their belonging to Canadian society, others opposed its naming, objectives and organization, and opted to create an alternative celebration – the Latin-America History Collective’s Día de la Verdad/Day of Truth Rally. I demonstrate that the narratives and practices mobilized around Hispanic Heritage Month and Latin-America History Collective’s Rally reveal how different forms of migrant political organizing can internalize, reproduce and contest white settler colonial social relations. Overall, this paper aims to contribute to and complicate debates on the fraught nature of racialized migrants’ citizenship, politics and identity formation in Canada, by emphasizing the vast heterogeneity of Latin American communities and decolonizing possibilities.
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Durán S, Roberto. "Latin Americans with Palestinian Roots." Si Somos Americanos 20, no. 1 (June 2020): 218–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0719-09482020000100218.
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Kodzoev, Magomed, and Marina Krekova. "Latin Americans in US universities." IBEROAMERICA, no. 3 (2021): 169–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.37656/s20768400-2021-3-08.
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Boruchoff, Judith A. "Latin Americans at Home Abroad." Latin American Research Review 43, no. 1 (2008): 225–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lar.2008.0003.
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Silva, André Luiz Reis da, and Isadora Loreto da Silveira. "Da ALCA à CELAC: o Brasil e os desafios da integração continental / CELAC the FTAA: Brazil and the challenges of continental integration." Brazilian Journal of International Relations 1, no. 3 (January 28, 2013): 424–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.36311/2237-7743.2012.v1n3.p424-447.
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Este trabalho procura, primeiramente, analisar o processo de negociações da Área de Livre Comércio das Américas (Alca), que reuniria 34 países do continente americano, ou seja, todos que o compõem, à exceção de Cuba. Busca-se também examinar os desdobramentos diretos e indiretos das negociações, pois se infere que o impacto desse projeto sobre as relações entre os EUA e os países da América Latina e Caribe, e entre os próprios países latino-americanos, foi muito significativo. A proposta foi lançada na I Cúpula das Américas, em 1994, por iniciativa dos EUA, e tinha o encerramento de suas negociações previsto para 2005. Embora não tenha sido implementada, a negociação da Alca produziu efeitos, contrabalançando processos de integração latino-americanos. A corroboração do fracasso da proposta da Alca, em 2005, em Mar del Plata, sublinhou a importância dos processos próprios de integração e concertação política sul e latino-americanos. Esse acontecimento é relevante, pois tais processos se configuram como vias para o desenvolvimento e a defesa dos interesses nacionais dos países da região. A análise deste artigo parte das negociações da Alca durante o governo de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, examina a proposta de "Alca light" do governo Lula, e culmina na derrocada do projeto da Alca, nas iniciativas latino-americanas autônomas - como a CALC e a CELAC - e na nova estratégia dos EUA para a região. Abstract: Firstly, this paper seeks to analyze the Free Trade Area of ??the Americas (FTAA) negotiation process, which would bring together 34 countries in the Americas, that is, all who compose it, except for Cuba. We also examine the direct and indirect consequences of negotiations, because the impact of this project on relations between the U.S. and Latin America and the Caribbean, and also among Latin American countries, was very significant. The proposal was launched at the 1st Summit of the Americas in 1994, as a U.S. initiative, and the closure of negotiations was scheduled for 2005. Although it has not been implemented, the FTAA has produced effects, counterbalancing processes of Latin American integration. The corroboration of the failure of the proposed FTAA, in 2005, in Mar del Plata, stressed the importance of the development of Latin and South America's own processes of integration and political coordination. This event is relevant, since such processes constitute ways for the development and defense of national interests of the countries in the region. This paper's analysis departs from the negotiations during the Cardoso government, examines the Lula administration proposal of a "light FTAA", and culminates with the collapse of the FTAA project, with autonomous Latin American initiatives - such as CALC and CELAC - and with the new U.S. strategy for the region.
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Kosevich, E. "Social Protests in Latin America in the Focus of Regional Internet Media and Social Networks." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 5 (2021): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-5-107-116.
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Received 10.03.2020. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the information on current social protests, which was published in the leading Latin American news websites and actively discussed on the social media platforms to identify the main causes of public discontent and the main problems discussed by Latin Americans. The first part of the paper provides an overview of the materials on the social movements of the fall of 2019, which were published in the news websites, which are the most popular in Latin America, and have the greatest influence, and the biggest Internet traffic volume. The second part is devoted to an overview of hashtags on the topic of mass protests that have gained huge popularity among Latin American users on the biggest social media platforms. A review of informational articles on the autumn social movements, which were published in the leading Latin American newspapers, revealed the main points of view on the factors and causes of these events, and the main problems discussed by Latin Americans. An appeal to various sources, both the countries in which the protests took place and the states that have passed such a crisis, will help readers to see the current socio-political situation in a new way. Acknowledgements. Support from the Individual Research Program of the School of World economy and International Affairs at National Research University – Higher School of Economics is gratefully acknowledged.
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del Castillo, Richard Griswold. "The Los Angeles "Zoot Suit Riots" Revisited: Mexican and Latin American Perspectives." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 16, no. 2 (2000): 367–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1052202.
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The so-called Zoot Suit riots in Los Angeles in June of 1943 made Latin Americans more aware of the negative racial attitudes within the United States toward Mexicans. Through the publicity surrounding the riots, they also first learned of the existence of a large ethnic group of Mexican origin. This knowledge, however, often came with an additional message that the Mexican American culture was not worthy of esteem by respectable people. / Los disturbios llamados "Zoot-Suit" que ocurrieron en Los Angeles en Junio 1943 hizo saber a los latino americanos que las actitudes de los norteamericanos hacia los mexicanos no eran muy positivas. A través de la publicidad durante los disturbios, aprendieron por la primera vez de la existencia de un gran grupo étnico de origen mexicano en los Estados Unidos. Desgraciadamente esta información vino con otro mensaje que la cultura de los mexicoamericanos no era digna de honor por la supuesta gente decente.
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De Carvalho Sacilotto, N., R. Giorgi, A. B. Vargas-Santos, C. Albuquerque, S. Radominski, I. Pereira, M. F. Guimarães, et al. "AB0229 TREAT TO TARGET IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DID NOT SHOW RACIAL DIFFERENCES: COHORT REAL STUDY." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 82, Suppl 1 (May 30, 2023): 1299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2023-eular.5184.
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BackgroundRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is defined as a systemic autoimmune pathology associated with a chronic inflammatory process, which can damage joints and extra-articular organs. The target of therapy is to obtain remission and to reduce side effects [1].ObjectivesAnalyze racial differences in the context of RA, from an epidemiological, disease activity, diagnosis and treatment standpoint.MethodsThis work is part of a Brazilian multicentric study called REAL-Rheumatoid Arthritis in Real Life in Brazil, which is a prospective observational cohort study of patients with RA from 11 public healthcare centers in different geographic regions of Brazil that are specialized in RA management. For the present article, a cross-sectional cohort was analyzed (2), which included 754 patients who classified themselves as caucasian or Afro-Latin Americans. Others ethnicities were excluded.ResultsWe enrolled 754 patients, 83.8% were caucasians and 16.2% were Afro-Latin Americans. In the caucasians group 88.4% were female and in the Afro-Latin Americans group 92.6% were female. The mean age was 63.4 years in the caucasians group versus 61.7 years in the Afro-Latin Americans (p = 0.137). The mean years of schooling was 8.28 among caucasians and 7.87 among Afro-Latin Americans (p = 0.341). There was no statistically significative difference in relation to social class between the groups (p = 0.266). 55.5% among the caucasians and 56.7% among the Afro-Latin Americans had erosive disease (p = 0.822). The average time between beginning of symptoms and diagnosis in the caucasians group were 28.1 months and in the Afro-Latin Americans were 33.3 months (p = 0.123), the average time between beginning of symptoms and beginning of treatment were 33.1 months among the caucasians and 42.2 months among the Afro-Latin Americans (p = 0.115). The CDAI mean in the caucasians group was 11.8 and in the Afro-Latin Americans group was 13.7 (p = 0.179). The following tests were applied: SF-12 (Medical Outcomes Study Short Form 12), presenting an average in the physical component of 36.7 among the caucasians and of 36 among the Afro-Latin Americans (p=0.253) and in the mental component of 44.4 and 48.4 respectively (p< 0.001); SF-6D (Short-Form 6 Dimensions – Brazil), that verified a mean of 0.373 between the caucasians and 0.357 between the Afro-Latin Americans (p=0.292). Current medications in use were described in Table 1.ConclusionHealth disparity has multiple consequences and represent differences in health outcomes between different ethnicities, for example. Working toward health equity in society is fundamental to provide excelente care for all groups, as demonstrated in our study, which did not evidenced statisticallt significant diferences in most of the characteristics of RA between caucasians and Afro-Latin Americans, this may demonstrate that there is no difference between diagnosis, indications and disease control betwee races. It is important to highlight that Brazil is a country with a racial multiplicity that can be a limiting factor for this type of analysis and the lack of undestanding of the epidemiology of RA by race and ethinicity limits our understanding about the disease.References[1] Radu, A-F, Bungau SG. Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis: An Overview. Cells. 2021 23;10(11):2857.[2] Castelar-Pinheiro GR, Vargas-Santos AB, Albuquerque CP, et al. The “REAL” Study: A Nationwide Prospective Study of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Brazil. Adv Rheumatol. 2018;58(9).https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-018-0017-9Table 1.Disease Modifying Anti-rheumatic Drugs (DMARDS)DMARDSCaucasiansAfro-Latin AmericanspCorticosteroids44.7%51.6%0.159Methotrexate68.6%58.20.026Leflunomide34.1%27.9%0.179Hydroxychloroquine10.1%12.3%0.470Cyclosporine0.6%01.000Azathioprine0.9%1.6%0.622Sulfasalazine4.3%7.4%0,140Tofacitinib1.1%00.606Infliximab3.9%4.1%0.939Etanercept5.5%8.2%0.254Certolizumab1.4%0.8%1.000Adalimumab5.2%5.7%0.813Golimumab2.7%4.1%0.396Tocilizumab5.5%4.1%0.518Abatacept6%7.4%0.565Rituximab5.7%4.9%0.734Acknowledgements:NIL.Disclosure of InterestsNone Declared.
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Lawson, V., and T. Klak. "An Argument for Critical and Comparative Research on the Urban Economic Geography of the Americas." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 25, no. 8 (August 1993): 1071–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a251071.
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The authors identify problems associated with the treatment of Latin American topics in the Anglo-American social science literature, particularly in geography. Latin American research has been peripheralized and the flow of concepts and learning between Latin and Anglo America has been almost entirely from North to South. To explain why research by Latin Americans, and by Latin Americanists, has had relatively limited influence on recent geographic debates over theory and method, the authors employ contemporary discourse analysis. This method assists us in (1) deciphering how development geography presents Latin America, (2) in posing questions about the character and origins of the concepts that shape writing and, indeed, thinking, and (3) in identifying the perspective biases that must be confronted for interregional dialogue to occur. This critical commentary on Latin and Anglo-American research is highly relevant to reconstructed regional geography. It, too, is confronting issues such as the role of theory in contextually grounded research, and how to operationalize research that spans several geographical scales of analysis.
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Cordero, Guillermo, Juan Carlos Triviño-Salazar, Soledad Escobar, and Santiago Pérez-Nievas. "Representing the People: Latin American Councilors and Their Pathway to Power and Political Representation in Spain." American Behavioral Scientist 65, no. 9 (March 17, 2021): 1251–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764221996747.
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Latin Americans are one of the most relevant migrant minorities in Spain. In this article, we analyze their political representation at the local level by describing how councilors of Latin American councilors perceive three stages on their “pathway to power”: the selection method most frequently used by them to become electoral candidates, their ranking as candidates in the Spanish closed and blocked lists system, and their view of political representation once in office. The article contributes to a better understanding of the political incorporation of sizable minority groups in politics in recent immigration countries by implementing a mixed method strategy with survey data and in-depth interviews. The results show how candidates of Latin American origin are included in electoral lists following more participative ways of internal selection than their native-born counterparts, who are more frequently appointed by a party leader. Despite this, those who eventually get elected perceive that they have been ranked in “unsafe positions” of the electoral lists, and therefore with no guarantee of being appointed. Interestingly, once in office, councilors of Latin Americans perceive that they represent immigrants to a lesser degree, compared with their native-born counterparts.
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Shaheer, Ismail, Craig Lee, and Neil Carr. "Factors motivating working holiday travel: The case of Latin American visitors to New Zealand." Tourism and Hospitality Research 21, no. 3 (March 18, 2021): 330–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14673584211003630.
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Working holidays have emerged as an alternative form of travel that provides the opportunity to work to subsidise a holiday. Existing studies are limited, particularly those focused on working holidaymakers from Latin America. Utilising the push-pull framework, this study explores the motivations of Latin Americans undertaking working holidays and the reasons for selecting New Zealand as a working holiday destination. Thematic analysis of the data collected from sixteen Latin American working holidaymakers revealed six push factors for undertaking a working holiday and five pull factors for selecting New Zealand as their destination. The findings from this study contribute to current understandings of working holidaymakers, particularly from Latin America. While the results support earlier studies of working holidays, Latin American working holidaymakers’ interest in exploring business opportunities in destinations is a novel study finding.
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Tapias Cote, Carlos Guillermo. "La migración por la Gran Guerra 1914-1918 y su relación con Latinoamérica." Revista Grafía- Cuaderno de trabajo de los profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Universidad Autónoma de Colombia 11, no. 2 (July 15, 2014): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26564/16926250.521.
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Resumen:Europa, Asia y África fueron hasta la Gran Guerra de 1914-1918 regiones de las cuales provenían los inmigrantes a tierras americanas, siendo entre ellas las latinoamericanas, y en particular, las del sur del continente las más receptivas. El artículo versa sobre las procedencias, causales, establecimientos y decaimiento en la migración de personas durante el primer gran conflicto del siglo XX. Palabras clave: Inmigración, capitalismo, guerra, movilidad, expulsión**********************************************************The migration caused by the Great War 1914-1918 and its relation with Latin AmericaAbstractEurope, Asia and Africa were until the Great War, 1914-1918, regions from where immigrants were come to American lands, being among them the Latin-Americans, and in particular, those of the south of the continent the most receptive. The article is about the provenances, causals, establishment and decline of the people migration towards the first great conflict of 20th century.Key words: Immigration, capitalism, war, mobility, expulsion.**********************************************************A migração pela Grande Guerra (1914-1918) e sua relação com América LatinaResumoEuropa, Ásia e África foram até a Grande Guerra (1914-1918) regiões das quais provinham os imigrantes que chegaram a terras americanas, sendo entre elas as latino-americanas, e em particular o sul do continente, as mais receptivas. Este artigo trata sobre as procedências, causais, estabelecimento e decaimento na migração de pessoas para o primeiro grande conflito do século XX. Palavras chave: Imigração, capitalismo, guerra, mobilidade, expulsão.
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Ramos Barros, Patrícia, and Roberto Dalledone Machado Filho. "One Cuba is Enough." Cadernos do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito – PPGDir./UFRGS 17 (December 13, 2022): 14–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2317-8558.128821.
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Despite the contribution of new streams in international law scholarship, the decades of the Cold War remain underexplored in Latin American current historiography. Removing the geopolitical conflict from the centrality of historiographic analysis, the present article aims to understand the operation of international law in the Cold War through Latin American regional dynamics. Through the reading of the articles on “collective security” published in some international law journals during the period of the Cold War (American Journal of International Law and the Mexican Foro Internacional), this article recounts the history of the jurisdictional conflict between regional and universal organizations. It demonstrates that the history of collective security in the hemisphere begins as experiment in formalization of the long and distinct American tradition in international law. The defense of this tradition served as a basis to formalize or legalize the projection of US power in the Americas. Latin Americans responded to this push first by endorsing the creation of a regional organization and a collective security arrangement, later by using law as a strategy to advance their position. However, as collective security increasingly became a justification for violations of the UN Charter, solidarity among American republics faded and cooperation, despite a regional treaty, became virtually impossible. The regional agreement thus proved to be both an enabler and an obstacle for this strategy. Thus, we conclude that the history of the International Law in Latin American during the Cold War was also the history of the demise of American International Law.
KEYWORDS: Cold War. Latin America; International Law; Collective Security.
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M. Roller, Karen, William Snow, Jackie Grapa, Martha Hernández, Andrés Consolí, Blanca Pineda, and Edson Andrade. "Estimating the Impact of Limited English Language Proficiency on Mental Health Services for Spanish Speakers in the United States." Journal of the National Hispanic Medical Association 1, no. 2 (November 27, 2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.59867/nhma0202.
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The United States Latine/x population is now over 62 million and comprises nearly 19% of the population [1]. Over 42 million speak Spanish and comprise the second-largest language group in the United States [2]. As the largest non- English language group, Spanish speakers pose the greatest need for language-concordant mental health services. Providing language-concordant and culturally responsive services is critical to ensure meaningful access and improve treatment outcomes [3]. The current authors use the pan-ethnic terms Latine or Latinx as encompassing the terms Hispanic (derived from Spain plus the entire Spanish colonized empire), Latino/a (gendered, for those with ties to Latin America specifically), and Chicano/a (a racist slur reclaimed as a symbol of pride for Mexican Americans specifically) [4]. Latine/x includes widely varied acculturation, language, and immigration statuses, all of which impact an individual’s ability and willingness to enter the United States mental health system and seek services [5,6]. Indigenous individuals from Latin America likely do not align with this term, and may or may not speak Spanish, however, are likely placed in the above monolithic categories in the databases referenced herein.
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Ayoub, Alan, Chimaobi M. Anugwom, Jhon Prieto, Domingo Balderramo, Javier Diaz Ferrer, Angelo Z. Mattos, Marco Arrese, et al. "Assessment of STAT4 Variants and Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Latin Americans and Europeans." Cancers 15, no. 18 (September 12, 2023): 4530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15184530.
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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer death worldwide. The STAT4 rs7574865 genetic variant has been associated with an increased risk of developing HCC in Asian populations. However, this association has not been studied in Latin America and is poorly assessed in European populations. This case-control study investigated the association between STAT4 rs7574865 and HCC risk in these populations. We evaluated DNA samples from seven medical institutions across six Latin American countries and one Dutch institution in 1060 individuals (344 HCC and 716 controls). STAT4 rs7574865 SNP was genotyped using TaqMan-genotyping assay and analyzed using logistic regression. We found no significant association between the homozygous risk allele (G) of STAT4 and HCC development in either population, with odds ratios (OR) for GG versus TT of 0.85 (CI: 0.48–1.52, p = 0.58) and 0.81 (CI: 0.34–1.93, p = 0.67) for Latin Americans and Europeans respectively. No correlation was found between the risk allele and HCC based on underlying liver disease. However, we found that Latin Americans of European ancestry were more likely to carry the risk allele. Our results suggest that the STAT4 SNP rs7574865 does not influence the risk of developing HCC in Latin American or European populations, highlighting the importance of evaluating genetic risk factors in various ethnic groups and understanding the possible influence of ancestry on the genetic basis of disease.
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Culver, William W., and Cornel J. Reinhart. "Capitalist Dreams: Chile's Response to Nineteenth-Century World Copper Competition." Comparative Studies in Society and History 31, no. 4 (October 1989): 722–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500016170.
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Hernando de Soto's recent book, The Other Path, argues that capitalism has not failed in Peru and Latin America, rather, it has not been tried. Basing his case on the observation that Latin American economies are strangled by arcane policies and regulations, de Soto goes on to bolster his point by providing a fresh and powerful look at the undeniable reality of the large “informal,” and thus unregulated, economic sector in Peru. As with any such generalization, how strongly does its explanatory value remain when measured against specific events, over long periods of time? This article seeks just such a perspective. It examines the impact of such regulations as mining codes and mineral taxation on the efforts of Chilean copper entrepreneurs to compete worldwide in the nineteenth century. De Soto may be correct in his contention that today's highly regulated economies keep Latin Americans from being as productive as their resources justify, but to extend this view into the past ignores earlier productive accomplishments, as well as significant efforts at different times and places to cast off Latin America's mercantile legacy.
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Bayona-i-Carrasco, Jordi, Jenniffer Thiers Quintana, and Rosalía Ávila Tàpies. "Las migraciones internas de latinoamericanos en España: Inflexiones migratorias en tiempos de crisis económica." RIEM. Revista internacional de estudios migratorios 7, no. 2 (October 23, 2017): 217. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/riem.v7i2.1086.
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España acoge a alrededor de 2,4 millones de latinoamericanos, poco más de la mitad de la diáspora latinoamericana en Europa. Tras la aceleración de los flujos migratorios durante los primeros años del presente siglo, la recesión económica producida por la crisis global frena la entrada de nuevos inmigrantes y modifica las pautas demográficas y migratorias de los inmigrantes presentes, además de fomentar el retorno selectivo. En este trabajo se cuantifica el impacto de la crisis en las migraciones internas de los latinoamericanos residentes en España desde una perspectiva territorial, así como se caracteriza socio-demográficamente a aquellos que protagonizan un movimiento interno. Para ello, se analizan los datos de las Estadísticas de Variaciones Residenciales, que registran más de dos millones de desplazamientos internos de latinoamericanos entre los años 2004 y 2013, y los microdatos del Censo de 2011. Los resultados demuestran un cambio en las pautas migratorias internas en los años más recientes, interpretándose como una respuesta a la crisis económica que afecta a España particularmente. Spain hosts around 2.4 million Latin Americans, just over half of the Latin American diaspora in Europe. After the acceleration of migration flows during the early years of this century, the economic recession caused by the global crisis slows the entry of new immigrants, and modifies demographic and migratory patterns of present immigrants, also creating selective return migration. This paper quantifies the impact of the crisis on Latin American residents in Spain from a territorial perspective and characterizes those Latin Americans who moved internally. For this purpose, both Residential Variation Statistics data, which recorded more than two million Latin Americans’ internal moves between 2004 and 2013, and Census 2011 microdata are used. The results show a change in internal migration patterns in the most recent years, interpreted as a response to the economic crisis, which is affecting Spain in particular.
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Watson, Robert J. "Proust’s Latin Americans par Rubén Gallo." French Review 89, no. 4 (2016): 222–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tfr.2016.0146.
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Hedrick, Tace. "Proust's Latin Americans by Rubén Gallo." Modernism/modernity 24, no. 2 (2017): 408–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mod.2017.0030.
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Schilling, Derek. "Proust’s Latin Americans by Rubén Gallo." MLN 130, no. 2 (2015): 398–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mln.2015.0024.
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Herrero-Olaizola, Alejandro. "Proust’s Latin Americans by Rubén Gallo." Hispanic Review 84, no. 4 (2016): 474–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hir.2016.0047.
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