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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Latin America; South America'
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King, Sheryl J. "Microfinance in Latin America: Evidence Found in Mexico and South America." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/192502.
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Pandolfe, Frank Craig. "South American naval development 1965-1985 : a four nation study /." Thesis, Connect to Dissertations & Theses @ Tufts University, 1987.
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Thesis (Ph.D) -- Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, 1987.Typescript. Vita. Bibliography: leaves 538-564. Access restricted to members of the Tufts University community. Also available via the World Wide Web;
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Moncada, Samuel. "Entrepreneurs and governments in Venezuela 1944-1958." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284278.
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Fig, David. "The political economy of South-South relations : the case of South Africa and Latin America." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1992. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1311/.
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Many factors have inhibited the consolidation of relations between countries of the post-colonial world, the "South". This dissertation aims to explore some of these factors through focusing on a case study of the relations between South Africa and its neighbours across the South Atlantic. Despite naval and commercial hegemony of the British Empire in the South Atlantic region during the nineteenth century, trade proved minimal and South Africa played a limited role in assisting the indictment of the transatlantic slave trade. It was only during the Boer War (1899-1902) that South Africa became the destination of Argentine exports in large measure: frozen beef to meet the needs of British troops. With the end of the war, a significant Boer migration to Patagonia was encouraged by the Argentine government. This community served to cement relations with South Africa up to and including the time of its repatriation in the late 1930s. Brazil's participation in World War Two alongside the Allies opened the way further for relations with South Africa and support for its position inside the new postwar United Nations Organisation. Growing links with the Afro-Asian world did not deter Brazil's military rulers - in power from 1964-85 - from encouraging trade and substantial South African investment. As right-wing military rule swept the Latin American region in the 1960s and 70s, South Africa, by now extremely isolated diplomatically, found a number of friends. Moral and military collaboration from the regimes in the Southern Cone - especially Chile - proved very welcome in Pretoria. Its adversarial relationship with Cuba in the context of regional conflict in Southern Africa also proved important. With redemocratisation in both regions the nature of the relationship will require re-examination. However, in the context of largely dormant South-South relationships, it is unlikely to expand massively under current global conditions of debt, trade competition, and commercial and cultural barriers. Utilising methodological analysis drawn from disciplines of economic history, social history, foreign policy analysis and international political economy, this dissertation attempts to throw light on a rather neglected corner of international relations.
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Mills, Thomas. "Anglo-American relations in south America during the second world war and post-war economic planning." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4493.
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This thesis examines relations between the United States and Great Britain in South America between 1939 and 1945. It does so in the broader context of the economic planning for the post-war world undertaken by the US and Britain during the Second World War. Traditional interpretations of Anglo-American post-war economic planning have tended to focus on a process whereby the Franklin D. Roosevelt administration advocated a multilateral system, based on equality of access to markets and raw materials. Doubting Britain’s ability to compete successfully in such a system, the British government baulked at the US proposal and clung to its autarkic structures constructed during the interwar years. This thesis argues that relations between the US and Britain in South America followed a different and more complex pattern. In this region it was in fact Britain that eventually took the lead in advocating multilateralism. This policy was adopted following a lengthy evaluation of British policy in Latin America, which concluded that multilateralism represented the surest means of protecting British interests in South America. The US, on the other hand, demonstrated exclusionary tendencies in its policy toward Latin America, which threatened the successful implementation of a global economic system based on multilateralism. In explaining this divergence from multilateralism in the Roosevelt administration’s post-war economic planning, this thesis pays particular attention to the influence of different factions, both within the administration and in the broader US political and business establishment. By exploring Anglo-American relations in this previously neglected region, this thesis contributes toward a greater understanding of the broader process of post-war economic planning that took place between the US and Britain during the Second World War.
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Freier, De Ferrari Luisa Feline. "A reverse migration paradox? : policy liberalisation and new south-south migration to Latin America." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3455/.
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In past decades, immigration policies in Latin America developed in stark contrast to other regions. Whereas most countries moved towards more restrictive policies, many Latin American countries liberalised their immigration policy frameworks and recently passed laws that expand individual rights in unprecedented ways. At the same time, migratory movements in Latin America are in flux, one of the most noteworthy recent developments being the increase in extra-continental immigration from Africa, Asia and the Caribbean. This PhD explores a reverse migration paradox inherent in the reciprocal causal relationship between immigration policy liberalisation and new south-south migration. The first paper uses a mixed approach of legal analysis and process tracing to show this paradox in the cases of Argentina, Brazil and Ecuador. It analyses the tension between liberal discourses and policies that invoke the universality of migrants’ rights and free human mobility, on the one hand, and the rejection of recently increasing irregular south–south migration on the other. Using a difference-in-difference design, the second paper tests the impact of Ecuador’s policy of visa freedom of 2008 on previously restricted countries in Asia, Africa and the Caribbean, and shows that immigration from these regions more than doubled. Qualitative findings confirm that visa freedom was the main determinant of migrants’ decision to move to Ecuador and further show great variance of migrant characteristics. The third paper is based on 35 in-depth interviews, which collectively demonstrate that perceived security threats of domestic and international political actors, which led to the partial reintroduction of tourist visa requirements for ten African and Asian countries by 2010, were closely intertwined with racism. Taken together, the three papers have important implications for the study of immigration policies, south-south migration and the securitisation of migration.
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Dewey, Janice Laraine. "The myth of the Amazon woman in Latin American literatures and cultures." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185579.
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This study explores evocations of the concept of the "Amazon Woman" and her female tribe, from cross-continental prehistoric sources to contemporary ritual practice within native amerindian belief systems of the rain forests of South America. The designation "Amazon" for the world's largest river has often been considered a grand "mistake" made by sixteenth century explorers; imaginative portrayals of Amazons had invigorated the reports of numerous early travelers, including Marco Polo, Columbus, and Hernan Cortes. This analysis establishes the importance of a reconsideration of the Amazon "mistake," or the idea that Europeans were projecting the fantastical worlds and dramatic personae of classical Greek legends and later romances of chivalry onto the realms of New World daily experience. The deep roots of prehistoric and historic civilizations carry the fragmentary genesis of matristic views of the world--the Mother, deified as Warrior, is a constant sign and symbol interplaying within the semiotics of the Amazon. The amazons of the New World were both ancient sister kin and actual tribal homosocial units who played vital roles in sacred religious beliefs and clan organization. I read the corpus of chronicles on, and studies of, the question of Amazons through a multi-faceted and multidisciplinary lense: archeology, history, anthropology, ethnography, mythology, literary criticism, and the sciences all intertwine to provide a more wholistic view of the subject. The text of the Amazons is clarified here by the consideration of prehistoric fragment upon fragment, reuniting five tribal narratives from the rain forests of South America, which reconstitutes the overall corpus of the Amazon mythos in Latin America. An autobiographical opening juxtaposes the continuum between the personal and cultural microstructures of my own approach to this subject with the macrostructures of the socio-symbolic order generally, and keeps a double focus constantly at play throughout the entire analytical text. Finally, Amazons are defined as evocations of natural phenomena and the diversity of animal and human behaviors as represented in mythical, cultural, and social spheres. This thesis comprises a literary analytical process I define as "ecotextuality": the reading of biotic diversity through its multiple languages, not excluding the "I" of the reader/writer.
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Herrera, Polo Pablo C., Benito Juárez, and Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC). "Fabrication Laboratories: Problems and possibilities of implementation in Latin America." Fab 9 Research Stream, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/605215.
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Proceedings from the Fab 9 Research Stream 9th International Fablab Conference, 21-27 July 2013, Yokohama.Since 2007, Latin America has incorporated a set of emerging techniques promoted under three initiatives: a) from the experience of Master and Doctoral students who return to their home countries and promote their experience, b) from the external academic experience that goes towards the region, and c) from self-learning. These experiences are developed in an academic area, unlike Europe or the U.S., where they were promoted from and to professional practice, with varying degrees of implementation and effect. Generally speaking, the academic programs of the region lack a policy of inclusion of systematized emerging technologies, and that produces a slow uptake, especially in architecture. On one hand, if educational policies are not stable, equipment investment cannot be stable, and on the other hand, the generation gap between those who promote and those who accept blends into disruption and status quo. Each implementation in the region produces adverse and complex patterns, replicating existing models and seeking alliances with institutions in developed countries. Thus, there are self-help groups, while others incorporate academic, technical and/or commercial supervisions, in principle through the Center for Bits and Atoms (MIT Fab Lab) and McNeel Associates (Rhino Fab Lab). In this research, we evidence evolution and implementation processes in Latin America of the three types of initiatives, analyzing the case study in Peru, which together open up the possibility of moving from a phase of experimentation, trial and error to another that actually promotes local innovation and inclusion.
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Thome, Joseph. "Heading South But Looking North: Globalization and Law Reform In Latin America." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115814.
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Butler, Matthew Elliott Street. "Keeping Up Appearances: British Identity and 'Prestige' in South America, 1910-1925." W&M ScholarWorks, 2006. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626520.
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Adins, Vanbiervliet Sebastián. "Dynamics and perspectives of the South American integration." Revista de Ciencia Política y Gobierno, 2014. http://revistas.pucp.edu.pe/index.php/cienciapolitica/article/view/12537/13097.
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El presente artículo analiza el proceso de integración regional sudamericana a partir de su origen en la Cumbre de Brasilia del año 2000 hasta la actualidad. Luego de describir los cuatro ámbitos más importantes de integración, determina los principales factores que explican su estancamiento actual: 1) la politización del contenido y el proceso de integración; 2) el cre- ciente desinterés de Brasil frente al proyecto integrador; y 3) el cuestionamiento del carácter sudamericano de la integración regional por nuevos esquemas, como la Alianza del Pacífico y la CELAC. Asimismo, hace uso de los enfoques de integración de Joseph Nye y Walter Mattli para analizar qué perspectivas tiene el regionalismo sudamericano a corto y mediano plazo.
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Makoni, Tinotenda Charity. "Social movements and economic development in post apartheid South Africa: lessons from Latin America." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/76420.
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The aim of this research is to bring the literature on political agency and economics together in an analysis of whether social movements can play an important role in economic development in post-apartheid South Africa. The entrenched discourse of sluggish growth and high inequality in post-apartheid South Africa can largely be attributed to the political decision to implement a neoliberal economic development orthodoxy. On the one hand, there is an urgent need to shift the economic development model to an alternate developmentalist model. However, no clearly articulated alternative developmental model has emerged. As a result, economically, South Africa is seemingly stuck. On the other hand, the selection of an economic development model and change in macroeconomic policies requires a political shift. Politically, formal politics has assumed the form of neoliberal democracy, characterised by a largely centralised state and the usurpation of the state and institutions by a national bourgeoisie. Social movements have emerged in response to the failure of neoliberalism to fulfil the promises of early post independent periods. They have been largely successful at highlighting the injustices and the inequalities in the country. However their ability to influence structural economic development has come into question. Firstly, social movements and their “politically destabilising distributive demands” have faced repression from the state as the state and institutions are aligned behind the interests of capital under a neoliberal democracy. Secondly, social movements in South Africa have been largely ideologically under-developed. They have been largely fragmented and tended to contest specific single issues rather than aiming to shift the deeper underlying systemic drivers behind the symptomatic immediate discomforts. The economic dimensions of such a shift are particularly unclear. This fragmentation and apparent lack of economic pragmatism make management or suppression of disruptive movements by the state relatively easy. The research uses a contrast between the Latin American social movements against a South African background in order to see what lessons South Africa can draw from social movements in Latin America. The Latin American case is cautiously more positive and provides comparably more sanguine lessons. In this way, this research seeks to construct a more comprehensive framework for the further study of social movements in South Africa and their potential impact on economic development in South Africa.
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Payva, Marisa. "Women do not wear pink in Latin America : A study of the Pink Tide’s controversial legacy in gender equality in South America." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Nordiska Latinamerikainstitutet, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-194089.
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The possibility to earn a living and support a family independently is still a utopia for many women all around the world. Many organizations are constantly fighting for awareness of these issues and strive for an improvement in women’s economic equality. One of these organizations is the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) which in its preamble acknowledges that "discrimination violates the principles of equality of rights and respect for human dignity".By the tenth anniversary of the CEDAW, almost one hundred nations have agreed to be bound by its provision. Some governments have achieved their goals by replacing discriminatory laws and policies in order to guarantee gender equality. Others have even gone the extra mile by promoting legislation which in turn would make it easier for women to be able to develop their careers. For instance, some have provided longer maternity leave, and in a few exceptional cases, some others gave the possibility of joint parental leave, creating a co-responsibility between men and women. Nevertheless, some governments have not done enough to balance the gender gap. Some even keep discriminatory laws on the books despite having come to powerlifting the flag of social justice and gender equality. This has been the case of many of the so-called “Pink Tide governments” that ruled in the majority of South America during the first two decades of the 21st century. Despite the left turn of these governments, women in the region are still exposed to segregation and jobs with lower status or a lower payment. This paper focuses on this particular period of South American political history, with a focus on the government policies issued to fight the increasing gender gap on women's economic participation and opportunities. In order to account for the actions taken by these governments towards gender equality policies, we will analyze the maternity and parental leave laws implemented during this period, as we understand that women’s social and economic rights are closely related to their status and conditions at work. Finally, we argue that in this case, the color pink has not been representing women in Latin America.
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Pereira, Bruna A. "Brazil's Role Conception in South America: A Regional Leadership Perspective." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1492509211668043.
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Varney, John. "Colombian Bambuco: The Evolution of a National Music Style." Thesis, Griffith University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365794.
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This thesis is a description and analysis of the Colombian bambuco, an autochthonous dance and song genre, as a tricultural musical form. Identifying the bambuco as a distinctive genre firstly within Colombian national music and then within the Colombian Andean region, a primary analysis studies its various ensemble contexts and identifies an archetypal rhythmic structure for the bambuco's melody and accompaniment. The analysis proceeds seeking to identify relationships which may exist between the bambuco and Amerindian, Spanish and Black African sources. The principal tools for the traditionally problematic identification of the bambuco's Black African roots are:
1. the original hypothesis that African rhythmic bell patterns in the form of 'clave patterns' can occur in the melodic rhythm of Afro-American genres when they do not necessarily occur in the rhythmic accompaniment, and
2. Afro-American clave patterns can all be traced to the same African principle of 'rhythmic oddity' as described by Arom (1991, 248).
The identification of the bambuco with such clave patterns is then shown to provide possible solutions for the traditionally equally problematic question of its notation.
The thesis opens with a general introduction and literature review. The introduction discusses the overall approach to the topic, including its aims, methodology and limitations, and theoretical considerations which are relevant to the study. A background to Colombia's history and geography in as far as this relates to its musical heritage is developed in the second chapter. This then focuses on regional musical genres, isolating the Colombia's distinctive Andean music and then distinguishes the bambuco itself as the subject of study for the thesis. Chapter Three details the history of the bambuco critically evaluating the influence it has exerted and has been subject to in a chronological sense as it develops its own identity and becomes an internationally recognised genre. Its demise as an expression of the people is documented and the possible reasons for this are considered.
An analysis of the ensembles which characteristically perform bambucos is undertaken giving detailed information concerning the instruments in these ensembles and the particular rôle that each of these performs in these ensembles. Subsequently an analysis of a number of vocal and instrumental bambucos is carried out with the aim of distinguishing particular or characteristic elements that could identify the bambuco within the environment of Colombian Andean music. This analysis is developed by examining the phrase structure of certain bambucos, and surveying the degree to which certain rhythmic phrases occur, and if variations can be related in a specific way to any basic rhythmic patterns. Through this analysis an archetypal rhythmic structure is identified within the melody and the accompaniment of the bambuco which is sufficient to rhythmically identify certain basic phrases.
The thesis then begins an investigation of the tricultural elements of the bambuco, examining firstly its relationship with the Colombian Amerindian culture, then with the Hispanic and thirdly with links to Black African culture. These examinations are carried out taking into consideration social, musical and technical aspects of the artistic tendencies of these cultures. Technical and musical information derived from Chapter Four is used in this comparison which is dealt with from the point of view of the likelihood, based on social information, that there could be a relationship between the bambuco and these cultures, direct musical comparison where this may be possible and by comparing musical environments to test the bambuco as a possible representative of its potentially composing cultures. Conclusions are drawn on the basis of the findings of this cultural comparison and this is applied to such considerations as the cultural classification of the bambuco and practical aspects such as its notation.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Queensland Conservatorium
Arts, Education and Law
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Glanville, Lauren Emily. "A southernisation of development cooperation? Comparing chinese and European Union development finance in Latin America (2007-2017)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15021.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalEste artigo tem como objetivo investigar a perceção de que as práticas de financiamento da cooperação para o desenvolvimento estão a passar por uma "Southernisation" - querendo isto dizer que o (re)aparecimento de doadores do Sul, como a China, India ou Brasil, estão a influenciar o discurso e as práticas dos doadores tradicionais. O objetivo é efetuá-lo através de uma análise comparativa das práticas de financiamento da cooperação para o desenvolvimento da União Europeia e da China para a América Latina durante a última década (2007-2017).
This paper aims to investigate the notion that development cooperation financing practices are undergoing a "Southernisation" - that is to say, (re)emerging donors from the South such as China, India or Brazil are influencing traditional donor practices and discourse. It aims to do so by means of an exploratory comparative analysis of European Union and Chinese development cooperation financing practices towards Latin America, and how they have evolved over the past decade (2007-2017).
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Clay, Karen Elaine. "South-South Cooperation as an Alternative Development Strategy: Rethinking Development Cooperation through South-South Cooperation in Latin America and the Caribbean- Brazil and Haiti." FIU Digital Commons, 2017. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3206.
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The dissertation examined the South-South cooperation as an alternative development strategy for Southern countries by targeting the collaboration between Brazil and Haiti, two countries in Latin America and the Caribbean. Examining development cooperation between Brazil and Haiti could contribute to a better understanding of the central question, why Southern countries engage in South-South cooperation?
In the context of the 2008 financial crisis and the ensuing reduction of aid coming from Global North countries to developing countries, South-South cooperation has become an alternative economic and political arrangement from the more traditional North-South framework. For this reason, South-South cooperation between emerging donors and recipients was deemed an important development for the international aid architecture as a whole.
A combination of semi-structured interviews and survey questionnaires were conducted to capture the professional, diplomatic and political perspectives of high-ranking officials, leaders and experts on South-South cooperation and Latin American and Caribbean relations. The study’s findings revealed that the benefits and challenges of the South-South cooperation framework does not affect development in a conclusive way.
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Krell, Rivera Ignacio, and Rivera Ignacio Krell. "Unpacking Ethno-tourism: "Development with Identity", Tourism and Mapuche Struggles in South-central Chile." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12518.
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In Latin America, multicultural reforms came in the last three decades in response to regional indigenous empowerment that in turn coincided with processes of neoliberal re-democratization. In Chile, neoliberalization also meant for the indigenous Mapuche dramatic processes of indigenous proletarianization by de-territorialization and a new cycle of resistance and creative deployment of political, economic and cultural agencies bringing forth issues of sustainability, collective well-being, and democracy. Through qualitative methods, this thesis examines how multiple actors are shaping the landscapes of tourism development in south-central Chile. There, tourism practice and discourse in Mapuche rural communities reflect Mapuche responses to a recent phase of policies targeting them under the rubric of "Development with Identity". I demonstrate through three case studies how both these policies and tourism markets are being engaged by Mapuche ethno-entrepreneurial leaders, who at the same time advance agendas of Mapuche re-territorialization through novel re-articulations of livelihoods, place, and identities.
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Socolovsky, Maya. "Remembrance narratives : place, history and community in contemporary U.S. Latina and and Chicana writers." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365643.
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Postic, Sébastien. "Long-term energy prospective for South America: application to climate negotiations." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/139816.
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Doctor en Ciencias de la Ingeniería, Mención Modelamiento MatemáticoAmérica Central, América del Sur y el Caribe destacan en el escenario energético mundial por la contribución espectacular de las fuentes renovables en la matriz energética regional. Mantener tal participación en el futuro es un tremendo desafío, entre los problemas de sostenibilidad vinculados a las energías tradicionales (hidroelectricidad, biomasa), y la falta de autonomía financiera, todavía, de las energías no-convencionales (eólica, solar, geotérmica). Sin embargo, la escasa disponibilidad de recursos fósiles en el continente, así como su excelente potencial renovable ponen América latina en una posición privilegiada para liderar una transición mundial hacia una matriz energética más renovable. La contribución del sector energético al desarrollo regional, sin comprometer el medio ambiente o la equidad social, también es un tema de estudio relevante para el futuro energético del continente. El cambio climático, a su vez, es un tema energético regional: Sudamérica emite más gases de efecto invernadero por habitante que el promedio mundial, y los impactos previstos del calentamiento global son más adversos en la región que en muchas otras partes del mundo. El sector energético sudamericano es vulnerable a estos impactos por ambos lados demanda, y oferta. Pese a estas preocupaciones comunes, la situación de la América del Sur es la de un continente heterogéneo y fragmentado: la configuración física del continente es un obstáculo mayor para las infraestructuras de integración, las tensiones heredadas de la historia reciente no facilitan la cooperación política, y la conformación de los sectores económicos nacionales es muy diferente de un país sudamericano a otro. Muchas tentativas recientes hacia una cooperación infraestructural supra-nacional fracasaron con altos costos. El propósito de este doctorado, desarrollado por la mitad en Francia y la mitad en Chile, fue desarrollar un modelo matemático enfocado en el estudio de las dinámicas energéticas de largo plazo en América latina, con un enfoque regional. El modelo TIMES-América latina y el Caribe se aplicó luego para estudiar el impacto de los compromisos climáticos nacionales en el sistema energético regional, semanas antes de la cumbre mundial del clima en París (COP21). Este documento se divide en cinco capítulos. Capítulo 1 presenta la evolución histórica sudamericana, enfocada en su parte energética; luego, se presentan algunos puntos salientes de los sistemas energéticos sudamericanos de hoy. El capítulo 2 presenta los conceptos de prospectiva energética, así como las experiencias prospectivas pasadas de América del Sur, y un estado del arte de los ejercicios prospectivos y modelos vigentes hoy. El capítulo 3 detalla los elementos principales del modelo: su desagregación en 10 regiones, las reglas de modelación, y las hipótesis principales para la demanda y oferta. El capítulo 4 presenta el tema del cambio climático, así como un estado del arte de las negociaciones internacionales respecto al clima. También se agrega una reseña de las contribuciones nacionales propuestas con vista al acuerdo buscado en COP21. El capítulo 5 analiza el impacto de estos compromisos para el sector energético sudamericano, y el papel de este sector en el cumplimiento de estos compromisos, como una aplicación directa del modelo desarrollado en este trabajo de tesis.
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Peterson, Brian R. "The future of MERCOSUR." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2004. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion/04Dec%5FPeterson.pdf.
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Vaca, Daza Jhanisse. "HUMAN RIGHTS VIOLATIONS TO INDIGENOUS PEOPLE IN COMPETITIVE AUTHORITARIAN REGIMES IN SOUTH AMERICA." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1464432307.
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Araujo, Izan Reis de. "A projeção geopolítica do Brasil na América Latina e os desafios da integração sul-americana." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-23052018-134306/.
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O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar a projeção geopolítica do Brasil na América Latina, destacando o espaço e posição do país no quadro geoestratégico mundial e sua relação com a integração regional sul-americana. O tema é importante porque embora existam trabalhos sobre a política externa brasileira em escala regional, o debate teórico sobre a relação entre os conceitos de América do Sul e América Latina ainda são raros. A hipótese que procuramos sustentar é a de que o recorte espacial sul-americano adotado pelo Itamaraty é decorrente do projeto brasileiro de ser uma potência regional com vistas a obter um maior protagonismo nos processos decisórios internacionais. Contudo, somente a América Latina, do ponto de vista geopolítico, conta com excedentes de recursos suficientes para gerar poder em escala mundial. Na história recente do Brasil, a América do Sul passou a ser entendida como um espaço mais operacional, do ponto de vista político-diplomático para levar adiante o projeto de liderança regional. Origina-se na ALCSA, lançado pelo presidente Itamar Franco em 1993, logo após a entrada do México no NAFTA e essa diretriz foi mantida ao longo das próximas décadas como uma das linhas de continuidade da política externa brasileira, especialmente no governo Lula, que a materializou com a criação da UNASUL em 2008. A metodologia utilizada foi uma pesquisa qualitativa com base em fontes primárias apoiadas em documentos do Itamaraty e na literatura bibliográfica das obras basilares de Friedrich Ratzel, Halford J. Mackinder, Mario Travassos e André Martin. Ao final o trabalho contribuiu para a compreensão de que a América Latina é um espaço vital para a projeção mundial do Brasil, sobretudo no contexto do meridionalismo que advoga um sexto player global em torno de um bloco no Hemisfério Sul. Como sugestão de continuidade de pesquisa entendemos que será relevante analisar quais ações da chancelaria brasileira influenciam na formação e no desenvolvimento de um bloco meridional com objetivo de buscar um maior protagonismo internacional do Brasil. As aporias da política externa brasileira sobretudo nos últimos anos estariam, portanto, relacionadas a esta imprecisão geopolítica.The aim of this work is to analyse Brazilians geopolitical presence in Latin America, highlighting space and position of the country in the global geostrategic board and its relationship with South American regional inclusion. The theme is relevant given that, although works on Brazilian foreign policy on a regional scale exist, the theoretical debate regarding the relationship between the concepts of \"South America\" and \"Latin America\" are still rare. The sought hypothesis is that the South American spatial clipping adopted by Itamaraty is a result of the Brazilian project of becoming a regional power seeking a larger protagonism in international decisive processes. Nevertheless, only Latin America, from the geopolitical perspective, counts on enough resource surpluses to generate global scale power. In Brazilians recent history, South America has begun to be understood as a more operational space, from the political-diplomatic point of view, in order to proceed with the regional leadership project. It was originated in ALCSA, introduced by former president Itamar Franco, in 1993, following Mexicos insertion in NAFTA and this guideline was kept throughout the following decades as one of the continuity lines of Brazilians foreign policy, especially during Lulas presidency, which has materialized it with UNASULs creation, in 2008. The used methodology was a qualitative research based on primary sources backed by Itamaratys documents and bibliographical literature of fundamental works from Friedrich Ratzel, Halford J. Mackinter, Mario Travassos and André Martin. Finally, the work has contributed to the comprehension that Latin America is a vital space for global projection in Brazil, especially in the meridionalism context, which advocates a sixth global player around a Southern Hemisphere block. As a suggestion of continuity of research, we understand that it will be relevant to analyse which actions from Brazilians chancellery have an influence over the formation and development of a southern block aiming to seek a larger international protagonism in Brazil. The difficulty of the Brazilian external policy, especially in the last years, would be, therefore, related to this geopolitical imprecision.
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Silva, Micael Alvino da. "Da América do Sul à América Latina: o Brasil e os Estados Unidos nas relações interamericanas (1933-1954)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-20122016-142823/.
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Os conceitos geopolíticos elaborados, ou apropriados, e ressignificados pelas grandes potências moldam as relações internacionais. A partir desta tese, esta pesquisa versa sobre as relações internacionais entre os Estados americanos, que tiveram lugar no movimento panamericano de 1933 a 1954. Durante o período, no âmbito dos eventos continentais mais importantes (Conferências Pan-Americanas e Reuniões de Consulta aos Ministros das Relações Exteriores), destacaram-se dois conceitos geopolíticos levados a termos pelos Estados Unidos e que serviram de baliza para as relações interamericanas: América do Sul e América Latina. A primeira proposição, em vigência de 1933 a 1942, compreendia o conjunto das Américas como espaço formado pelos Estados Unidos, por Estados da América Central e por Estados diferentes e desenvolvidos que formavam a América do Sul. Após este período, uma nova proposição sugeriu que as relações hemisféricas eram constituídas, por um lado, pelos Estados Unidos e, por outro, pelos demais Estados americanos que passaram a compor a América Latina, sem distinção. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral deste trabalho é analisar a atuação da diplomacia dos Estados Unidos e da diplomacia do Brasil em relação aos conceitos de América do Sul e América Latina nas relações hemisféricas. Para tanto, procuramos identificar o que denominamos como demandas latino-americanas e que receberam destaque na documentação diplomática produzida e arquivada pelo Departamento de Estado e pelo Ministério das Relações Exteriores do Brasil. Buscamos, ainda, verificar o posicionamento dos Estados Unidos e do Brasil e qualificar a cooperação entre o ambos. A pesquisa levou-nos a atuar na intersecção de dois temas clássicos da história das relações interamericanas: a política da Boa Vizinhança e a Doutrina Truman de contenção ao comunismo. Concluiu-se que durante o período da Boa Vizinhança, a América do Sul emergiu tanto de uma crise de interpretação da sociedade (e da diplomacia) americana sobre o que havia ao sul do Rio Grande, quanto de uma crise do capitalismo mundial. A delimitação geopolítica e o prestígio atribuído à diplomacia brasileira foi ao encontro do interesse da política externa brasileira, cuja abrangência sul-americana há muito constava de seu horizonte de atuação regional. Neste sentido, no início da década de 1940, o Brasil vislumbrava que seria essencial para a política hemisférica dos Estados Unidos e para as relações interamericanas. No entanto, a perspectiva de um lugar reservado nas relações hemisféricas não sustentou-se no pós-guerra, especialmente nos eventos pan-americanos sob a Doutrina Truman. A proposição norteamericana de que havia igualdade entre os Estados da América Latina, composta por um grupo homogêneo de Estados, levou as diplomacias brasileira e americana a operar desde posições opostas. Paradoxalmente, o Brasil deu os primeiros passos rumo a aproximação com os demais Estados do subcontinente. As conclusões deste trabalho são relevantes e subsidiam a compreensão das relações internacionais americanas contemporâneas, sobretudo os processos de integração regional.Geopolitical concepts elaborated, appropriated or reinterpreted by the great powers play a key role in shaping international relations. This thesis deals with international relations among the American states from 1933 to 1954, specifically in the Pan-American movement. In the major continental events (Pan-American Conferences and Consultation Meetings of the Ministers of Foreign Affairs) under consideration, two geopolitical concepts brought to terms by the United States served as a beacon for inter-American relations: South America and Latin America. The first proposition, in effect from 1933 to 1942, comprised the whole of the Americas as a space formed by the United States, by the Central American states and the different and developed states that formed South America. After this period, a new proposition suggested that hemispheric relations were established, on the one hand, by the United States and, secondly, by other American states that were included in Latin America without distinctions. In this sense, the aim of this study is to analyze the performance of the diplomacy of the United States and Brazil in relation to the concepts of South America and Latin America in hemispheric relations. Therefore, I try to identify what I call Latin American demands, which were highlighted in the diplomatic documentation produced and filed by the State Department and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Brazil. I also seek to trace the positions of the United States and Brazil and qualify cooperation between both countries. The research led me to explore the intersection of two classic themes of the history of inter-American relations: the Good Neighbor Policy and the Truman Doctrine to contain communism. It was concluded that during the period of the Good Neighbor Policy, South America emerged both as a crisis of the American interpretation of society (and diplomacy) about what was occurring south of the Rio Grande and a crisis of world capitalism. The geopolitical boundaries and prestige attributed to Brazilian diplomacy during this period was clearly in the interest of Brazilian foreign policy, whose South American horizon had long consisted only of regional operations. In this sense, in the early 1940s, Brazilian politicians envisioned that the country would be essential for the hemispheric policy of the United States and for inter-American relations. However, the prospect of a reserved place in hemispheric relations did not hold up after the war, especially in the Pan American events during the period of the Truman Doctrine. The United States proposition that there was equality among the homogeneous group of states led Brazilian and American diplomacies to stake out opposite positions. Paradoxically, Brazil took the first steps towards rapprochement with the other states of the subcontinent. The findings of this study subsidize the understanding of contemporary inter-American relations, particularly processes of regional integration.
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Drafts-Johnson, Lilah. "The Language of Sport: Understanding Chile and chilenidad through Marathon Races and Fútbol Games." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1524920821602293.
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Giraldo, Clara. "The Social Construction of Huntington's Disease Caregivers in Colombia, South America." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2005. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4966/.
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This study is a multi-method, two-city, intensive, in-depth qualitative study of Huntington's disease (HD) caregivers (HDCs) in Colombia. I explored the Colombia HDCs' experience through the Hispanic culture of caring. I develop the theory of the subrogate agency based on 5 functional stages of HD from Shoulson and Fanh (1979). This study was conducted in two different regions of Colombia, Medellin and Juan de Acosta, in which high rates of HD cases have been identified. The data were collected through three methods: (a) 56 interviews with HDCs and 8 with physicians; (b) 28 participant observations of Huntington's disease sufferers (HDSs); (c) 4 interviews and 8 focus groups of 6 members each with HDCs of late HDSs. Human agency is the ability to monitor one's own action. This study showed that the gradual and serious loss of all capabilities in HDSs has a social effect on the HDSs' agency. HDSs' survival depends on the subrogation that the HDC offers to the HDS. The HDS retains self-hood, i.e. agency, through the HDC's action. This subrogation causes a paradoxical consequence, resulting in both negative and positive effects on the caregiver. The theory of surrogate agency is supported by the data. Through the progressive phases, the capacity of the sufferer for expressing suffering, and social embarrassment, as well as the capacity to fight against the illness and provide reciprocity to their caregivers, deceases. The reason is that physical and cognitive impairments, as well as depression and anger, continue to increase. The study also documented important socio-cultural differences among the study regions. For instance, HDC's solidarity was based on blood and friendship; in larger cities, HD fragmented families. The study also found that HD is taking an immense toll on caregivers, sufferers and families because they are excluded from the Colombia's Basic Health Plan.
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Sullivan, Megan Anita. "Locating Abstraction: The South American Coordinates of the Avant-Garde, 1945-1959." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10954.
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This dissertation investigates how the project of abstraction, initiated in interwar Europe, was reconstructed, continued, and transformed in mid-twentieth-century South America. Through an examination of the work and thought of three key artists (Tomás Maldonado of Argentina, Alejandro Otero of Venezuela, and Lygia Clark of Brazil), it posits historical continuity and universality as both central problems of mid-century South American projects of abstraction and potential avenues toward a new understanding of their historical specificity. I identify three key features of interwar abstraction that were consciously continued in the work of Maldonado, Otero, and Clark: the adoption of abstraction not as a style, but as a progressive teleology with a linear history and singular goal; the ambition to reach the end of painting as an autonomous activity and integrate abstraction into the built environment; and the belief in the power of abstraction to forge new subjects and collectivities. In all three cases, the encounter of a universalistic project with particular socio-historical realities had resonances unanticipated by their European predecessors. Whereas abstraction in interwar Europe was intimately tied to struggles against bourgeois subjectivity and for a new form of egalitarian collectivity, artists in mid-century South America were rather faced with accelerated, state-driven developmentalism and the emergence of populist politics. Against this background, I demonstrate how each artist envisioned abstraction as a tool to contribute to or disrupt newly emerging forms of collectivity, contrasting Maldonado's insistence on an international, class-based collective, Otero's efforts to forge a modern national community, and Clark's advocating for a contingent intersubjectivity as a way of resisting top-down projects of collectivity. Finally, I investigate how the engagement with ideas of continuity and universality, as exemplified by these three artists, intersected with broader conceptions of historical progress and development circulating in Latin America between the Second World War and the Cuban Revolution. The rise and fall of abstraction in South America during this period, I conclude, was closely linked to the dream of catching up with "universal history" and its eventual abandonment.History of Art and Architecture
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Gay, Larry N. "Developing a strategic plan for the initial engagement of the last unreached people groups in the Western South America region." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
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Maxwell, Melody J. "Building the road to a regional zoonoses strategy: a survey of zoonoses programs in the Americas." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460630934.
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Olguin, Alvarez Erik Sabah Fred. "The influence of financial markets and institutions on the economical growth : (the interest rate spread) Chile and Taiwan /." Skövde : University of Skövde. School of Technology and Society, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:2170/FULLTEXT01.
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Gavião, Leandro. "A identidade regional do Brasil: o sul-americanismo nos governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso e de Lula da Silva (1995-2010)." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6246.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorA presente dissertação destina-se a analisar o processo de emergência da identidade sul-americana, cuja primeira manifestação remonta à década de 1990, acentuando-se após a I Reunião de Presidentes da América do Sul (2000). A imersão histórica de longa duração do primeiro capítulo, que nos remete à segunda década do século XIX, oferece-nos um instrumental analítico complementar ao arcabouço teórico utilizado, de modo a apresentar a identidade latino-americana principal concorrente da sul-americana como elemento criado a partir de estímulos vinculados a uma conjuntura específica. Desconstruídas supostas naturalidades identitárias, o segundo capítulo concentra-se na análise das principais iniciativas da diplomacia brasileira para a edificação dos diversos modelos de regionalismo no âmbito sul-americano, destacando-se a reunião proposta por Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Ato contínuo, o terceiro capítulo busca verificar as principais ações da gestão Lula da Silva para a região, tendo em vista que esta última foi alçada à condição de prioridade da política externa durante seu governo. Nesse sentido, levantamos os argumentos que embasam e estruturam a identidade sul-americana na virada do século XX para o XXI, trazendo à tona divergências paradigmáticas atinentes às agremiações partidárias que polarizam o cenário político nacional e, por conseguinte, apresentam convicções distintas no que tange ao aprofundamento dessa nova vertente identitária.
The present thesis aims to analyze the process of emergence of the South American identity, whose first appearance dates back to the 1990s, with a peak after the first Meeting of Presidents of South America (2000). The long-term historical immersion of the first chapter, which brings us to the second decade of the nineteenth century, offers us an analytical tool complementary to the theoretical framework used in order to present the Latin American identity the main competitor of South America as element created from stimuli linked to a specific context. Deconstructing the alleged naturalities behind identities, the second chapter focuses on the analysis of the main initiatives of Brazilian diplomacy for the edification of multiple models of regionalism in the South America, highlighting the meeting proposed by Fernando Henrique Cardoso. Thereafter, the third chapter seeks to identify the main actions of Lula da Silva for the region, given that the latter was raised to the condition of foreign policy priority for his government. Accordingly, we raise the arguments that underlie and structure the South American identity at the turn of the 20th century to 21th century, bringing up disagreements relating to paradigmatic associations between the Workers Party and the Brazilian Social Democracy Party, that bifurcates the national political scene and have different beliefs regarding to the deepening of this new identity.
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Rudling, Adriana. "La Senora Presidenta : Feminist policy-making by female Latin-American presidents?" Thesis, Halmstad University, School of Social and Health Sciences (HOS), 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-2323.
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The following thesis is dedicated to the investigation of the comparative gender discourse of two of the current South American female Presidents: Michelle Bachelet, the first woman elected President in Chile for a four year term, in 2006 and Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, the first woman elected President in Argentina also for a four year term, but in 2007. Using secondary sources and critical discourse analysis, the study attempts to characterize their agenda on gender both before and after their election campaigns. Recognizing that a candidate must balance between many actors, as one of the principles of social constructivism runs, the essay presents a short history of the feminist movement in both countries and the current state that the movement finds itself in, either institutionalized or absorbed and fragmented by party politics. The conclusions that the study arrives to are that, of the two subjects, the one who has presented a more concrete and convincing stand on gender thanks to her political views, the space created for feminism by her coalition and the climate of her country, is Michelle Bachelet.
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Mabunda, Sagwadi. "Has the failure to conduct post-Truth and Reconciliation Commission prosecutions in South Africa contributed to a culture of impunity for economic crimes?" Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/5163.
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Magister Legum - LLMThe end of Apartheid and the transition to a new constitutional democracy in South Africa was ushered in by the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC). The purpose of the TRC was to promote a dialogue between victims and perpetrators of gross human rights violations to try and achieve reconciliation in the country. To this end, the TRC was given the power to grant conditional amnesty to those who came forward to reveal the full truth to the country about the crimes that they had committed. Those who refused to apply for amnesty or who did apply but were denied amnesty were supposed to be prosecuted. A number of years have passed since the final TRC report was submitted and hardly any prosecutions have taken place. This paper argues, by comparing the transitions in Argentina and Chile to the one in South Africa, that the lack of post-Truth Commission prosecutions in South Africa has contributed to nurturing a culture of impunity for acts of corruption in high offices of state. It argues that in countries transitioning from repressive and authoritarian regimes to democratic governments, prosecutions of gross human rights violations are necessary for the creation and strengthening of the rule of law and a human rights culture. Therefore, the impunity for economic crimes such as corruption is detrimental to democracy.
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Mejia, de Los Rios Juan Fernando <1978>. "Identification and genetic diversity in phytoplasmas associated with diseases of cassava and other agronomic relevant crops in south-east Asia and Latin America." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6637/1/Juan_Fernando_Mejia_Final.pdf.
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Identification and genetic diversity of phytoplasmas infecting tropical plant species, selected among those most agronomically relevant in South-east Asia and Latin America were studied. Correlation between evolutionary divergence of relevant phytoplasma strains and their geographic distribution by comparison on homologous genes of phytoplasma strains detected in the same or related plant species in other geographical areas worldwide was achieved. Molecular diversity was studied on genes coding ribosomal proteins, groEL, tuf and amp besides phytoplasma 16S rRNA. Selected samples infected by phytoplasmas belonging to diverse ribosomal groups were also studied by in silico RFLP followed by phylogenetic analyses. Moreover a partial genome annotation of a ‘Ca. P. brasiliense’ strain was done towards future application for epidemiological studies.
Phytoplasma presence in cassava showing frog skin (CFSD) and witches’ broom (CWB) diseases in Costa Rica - Paraguay and in Vietnam – Thailand, respectively, was evaluated. In both cases, the diseases were associated with phytoplasmas related to aster yellows, apple proliferation and “stolbur” groups, while only phytoplasma related to X-disease group in CFSD, and to hibiscus witches’ broom, elm yellows and clover proliferation groups in CWB. Variability was found among strains belonging to the same ribosomal group but having different geographic origin and associated with different disease. Additionally, a dodder transmission assay to elucidate the role of phytoplasmas in CWB disease was carried out, and resulted in typical phytoplasma symptoms in periwinkle plants associated with the presence of aster yellows-related strains.
Lethal wilt disease, a severe disease of oil palm in Colombia that is spreading throughout South America was also studied. Phytoplasmas were detected in symptomatic oil palm and identified as ‘Ca. P. asteris’, ribosomal subgroup 16SrI-B, and were distinguished from other aster yellows phytoplasmas used as reference strains; in particular, from an aster yellows strain infecting corn in the same country.
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Mejia, de Los Rios Juan Fernando <1978>. "Identification and genetic diversity in phytoplasmas associated with diseases of cassava and other agronomic relevant crops in south-east Asia and Latin America." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6637/.
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Identification and genetic diversity of phytoplasmas infecting tropical plant species, selected among those most agronomically relevant in South-east Asia and Latin America were studied. Correlation between evolutionary divergence of relevant phytoplasma strains and their geographic distribution by comparison on homologous genes of phytoplasma strains detected in the same or related plant species in other geographical areas worldwide was achieved. Molecular diversity was studied on genes coding ribosomal proteins, groEL, tuf and amp besides phytoplasma 16S rRNA. Selected samples infected by phytoplasmas belonging to diverse ribosomal groups were also studied by in silico RFLP followed by phylogenetic analyses. Moreover a partial genome annotation of a ‘Ca. P. brasiliense’ strain was done towards future application for epidemiological studies.
Phytoplasma presence in cassava showing frog skin (CFSD) and witches’ broom (CWB) diseases in Costa Rica - Paraguay and in Vietnam – Thailand, respectively, was evaluated. In both cases, the diseases were associated with phytoplasmas related to aster yellows, apple proliferation and “stolbur” groups, while only phytoplasma related to X-disease group in CFSD, and to hibiscus witches’ broom, elm yellows and clover proliferation groups in CWB. Variability was found among strains belonging to the same ribosomal group but having different geographic origin and associated with different disease. Additionally, a dodder transmission assay to elucidate the role of phytoplasmas in CWB disease was carried out, and resulted in typical phytoplasma symptoms in periwinkle plants associated with the presence of aster yellows-related strains.
Lethal wilt disease, a severe disease of oil palm in Colombia that is spreading throughout South America was also studied. Phytoplasmas were detected in symptomatic oil palm and identified as ‘Ca. P. asteris’, ribosomal subgroup 16SrI-B, and were distinguished from other aster yellows phytoplasmas used as reference strains; in particular, from an aster yellows strain infecting corn in the same country.
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Maggard, Greg J. "LATE PLEISTOCENE-EARLY HOLOCENE COLONIZATION AND REGIONALIZATION IN NORTHERN PERÚ: FISHTAIL AND PAIJÁN COMPLEXES OF THE LOWER JEQUETEPEQUE VALLEY." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/87.
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Until relatively recently, the view of Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherers in the Americas was dominated by the “Clovis-first” paradigm. However, recent discoveries have challenged traditional views and forced reconsiderations of the timing, processes, and scales used in modeling the settlement of the Americas. Chief among these discoveries has been the recognition of a wide range of early cultural diversity throughout the Americas that is inconsistent with previously held notions of cultural homogeneity.
During the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene, the development of widely varying economic, technological and mobility strategies in distinct environments is suggestive of a range of different adaptations and traditions.
It is argued that colonization was a disjointed process involving alternative, perhaps competing strategies at local and regional levels. Individual groups likely employed distinct strategies for settling new landscapes. These different strategies are reflected in the cultural variability that has been documented in the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene archaeological records of South and North America. A scalar framework for conceptualizing and modeling this variability on local, regional, and continental scales is introduced. Although primarily focused on local and regional reconstructions, the results can be integrated with other regional studies to generate more comprehensive, continental-scale models of the peopling of the New World.
This research provides insight into the local and regional variability—in terms of settlement patterns and economic and technological strategies—present in the archaeological record of at least two formally recognized Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene complexes (Fishtail and Paiján complexes) in the Quebradas del Batán and Talambo of the lower Jequetepeque Valley, northern Perú. Results of extensive survey, excavation, and materials analyses are used to characterize mobility strategies and settlement organization. This research indicates that two distinct patterns of site types, settlement, subsistence, and technology existed at the local level between the Fishtail (ca. 11,200-10,200 B.P.) and Paiján (ca. 10,800-9,000 B.P.); these patterns are indicative of differing regional strategies of colonization. Lastly, it is suggested that the adaptations and behaviors pursued during regional settlement, particularly by Paiján groups, set in motion an increasing reliance on plant foods and an early trend toward sedentism that carried forward into the Holocene period.
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Monemi, Kajsa Åsling. "The impact of violence against women on child growth, morbidity and survival : studies in Bangladesh and Nicaragua /." Uppsala : Uppsala University. Department of Women's and Children's Health, 2008. http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:172360/FULLTEXT01.
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Bartus, Roberto. "Small country turning left: Ecuador's economic development before and after 2007 in the context of current political change in South America." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165355.
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Leftist governments are not very popular in media. However, South America seems to have ignored the critics and has elected several left wing governments in the recent years. This is also the case of Ecuador, a relatively small country, which has gone through interesting political and economic reforms since 2007. This thesis will try to evaluate the economic performance of Ecuador after this change happened, within the context of the general regime change to leftist or anti-neoliberal policies in the rest of the South American continent. The performance will be first compared between the countries according to their government's ideology through an econometric analysis of a group of economic, socio-economic and perceptual variables. After that, a more detailed analysis will be performed on Ecuador's indicators. Interestingly, results show an overall improvement of economic and socio-economic conditions in the countries under the leftist rule, which relies on a strong civic support, compared to the countries still following the neoliberal policies. The case study of Ecuador pretends to provide an example. of a successful performance since the country turned left in 2007.While this area is rarely analyzed, this thesis contributes some knowledge to the field about effectiveness of the current political economy in Latin America Moreover, it contributes to undermine critics often widespread in the media in cooperation with certain states and organizations for keeping the current unequal distribution of power and wealth intact.
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Milanowitsch, Bianca Katharina [Verfasser], and Claudia [Akademischer Betreuer] Derichs. "Impact of Asian Soft Power in Latin America - China and South Korea as Emerging Powers in the Subcontinent / Bianca Katharina Milanowitsch ; Betreuer: Claudia Derichs." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1153121603/34.
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Stencel, Daniel J. "Communication-related knowledge production on our neighbors to the south: A bibliometric analysis of U.S. doctoral dissertations in communication, journalism and mass media on Latin America." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1453567.
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Nogueira, Julia C. "Film and Video Festivals in South America:A Contemporary Analysis of Flourishing Cultural Phenomena." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1230612139.
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Klaus, Haagen D. "Out of Light Came Darkness: Bioarchaeology of Mortuary Ritual, Health, and Ethnogenesis in the Lambayeque Valley Complex, North Coast Peru (AD 900-1750)." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1209498934.
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McNabb, Stephen Delaney. "Shouts of the Khori-Challwa: Andean Mythological and Cosmological Reconsiderations of the American Identity in Gamaliel Churata’s El pez de oro." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4010.
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This thesis explores the possible creation of a new categorization of American Literature as presented in the Andean novel El pez de oro: Retablos del Laykhakuy (1957) by Gamaliel Churata. In El pez de oro, Gamaliel Churata presents a strategy for the recuperation of native Andean cultural agency that enables the Andean subject to reclaim traces of their ancestral past under more verisimilar and verifiable terms. Churata argues that through a recuperation of native language and its infusion into the body of the major colonial language, Spanish, the Andean subject is equipped with a new culture producing tool that enables the recuperation of language, agency, history, and, ultimately, representation and inclusion within cultural and political institutional frameworks. By introducing his own function of bilingualism, vernacular language, and mythological infusions into the body of colonial letters, Gamaliel Churata is able to destabilize and disrupt colonial historical and textual authority to the point where the invented concept of America and the colonial product of American identity can be re-examined. Through this examination emerges a new option for the categorization of American identity as an aesthetic construct. Within this new categorization of aesthetic American identity, the Andean subject can begin his own process of self-identification through his native language toward the production of a future Andean American subject.
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Dettbarn, Dorothee. "Linking the design of facilities, recycling, and curriculum : applying a design method inspired by experiences in Latin America and South Asia to a BSU residential hall renovation." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1266028.
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In this thesis, an environmentally sound and human scale set of design principles, which values ideas like environmental friendliness, human comfort and locality, is formulated, examined and justified. These principles are inspired by experiences in Latin America and South Asia and their universal significance is illustrated through case studies from several countries around the world.In the design project, these principles are applied in a local setting, in this case a residential hall on the Ball State University campus in Muncie, Indiana. The design embraces a ‘green’ approach to campus facility renovation as part of the holistic movement to make the campus more sustainable.The design focus will be on the reuse and revitalization of materials thrown away on campus. Projects in which economic limitations enhance this specific creativity serve as role models. Through the reuse of material, the renovation process of campus facilities can be linked to the recycling program and the curriculum of the university.Department of Architecture
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Cateriano-Alberdi, Maria Paula, Cecilia D. Palacios-Revilla, and Eddy R. Segura. "Survey of Diagnostic Criteria for Fetal Distress in Latin American and African Countries: Over Diagnosis or Under Diagnosis?" Glorigin LifeSciences, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/622212.
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Canales, Angulo Sebastián Leonardo. "Complementarity and integration of the energy in South America : a juridical analysis based on the factors that obstruct the market integration." Tesis, Universidad de Chile / University of Heidelberg, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/111821.
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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirement for the Degree of L.L.M. in international law, investments, trade and arbitrationEnergy integration is not a unique project in the context of globalization. In fact, it is possible to trace its beginnings from more than 50 years ago, that is, at the end of the Second World War, with the Treaty of Coal and Steel Community, signed between two countries with a long history of conflict, and yet did not prevent to start what today we know as the European Union . However, not all regions of the planet, energy integration processes have followed the same fate, in other words, over the twentieth century and during the decade of the current century, it has been possible to see reluctance of some countries in order to advance in the construction of a multilateral agenda which includes energetic supply services within the areas addressed by the WTO. If we bring a little more analytical lens to focus on the legal treatment of energy in the Latin American context, specifically the Mercosur , we see that integration projects have been recently addressed by the heads of the states as a common interest area to the region, an issue that has been treated as we will see on the basis of two opposing views, such as energy understood as a power resource and the energy understood as a socio-political tool, with implications that both views imply.
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Dias, Renato Câmara Nunes. "O neo-funcionalismo qualificado na integração sul-americana de infraestrutura: uma proposta teórica a partir do estudo de caso do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/101/101131/tde-08102015-144022/.
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A pesquisa tem como objetivo primário compreender os desafios da integração de infraestrutura regional na América do Sul. Partindo do estudo das obras de interconectividade de infraestrutura sob a égide da Iniciativa de Integração de Infraestrutura Sul-Americana (IIRSA). Analisam-se as irregularidades na execução das obras, de forma a ressaltar seus impactos no esforço regional de integração. A hipótese central da pesquisa é a de que o processo de integração regional de infraestrutura depende da normatização supranacional que obrigue aos países a elevação dos parâmetros de qualidade de execução das obras de infraestrutura. A análise mobiliza o arcabouço teórico oferecido pela literatura de Bens Públicos Regionais, a Nova Geografia Econômica e a Abordagem Neo-Regionalista, levando a uma revisão do pensamento neo-funcionalista sobre a integração. A ferramenta metodológica utilizada para o teste de hipóteses é o process-tracing.This research aims primarily at understanding the challenges regarding the regional infrastructure integration in South America. Studying the infraestructure interconnectivity Works of the Innitiative for the Integration of Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA), irregularities in public Works execution are analysed, aiming at stressing their impacts on the regional integration effort. This reaearch\'s central hypothesis is that the regional infrastructure integration process depends on supranational normatization which obliges countries to raise their quality standards on infrastructure public works. The analysis uses the theoretical framework offered by Regional Publi Goods theory, New Economic Geography and the New Regionalist Approach, leading to a revision of neo-functionalist thought on integration. The methodological tool used for hypothesis testing is process tracing.
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Lysaght, Veronica L. Lysaght. "Knotted Numbers, Mnemonics, and Narratives: Khipu Scholarship and the Search for the “Khipu Code” throughout the Twentieth and Twenty First Century." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1470331576.
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Plicka, Joseph B. "Man Down South." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1618.pdf.
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Vasquez, Cesar A. "A History of the United States Caribbean Defense Command (1941-1947)." FIU Digital Commons, 2016. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2458.
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The United States Military is currently organized along the lines of regional combatant commands (COCOMs). Each COCOM is responsible for all U.S. military activity in their designated area of responsibility (AOR). They also deal with diplomatic issues of a wide variety with the countries within their respective AORs. Among these COCOMs, Southern Command (SOUTHCOM), whose AOR encompasses all of Central and South America (less Mexico) and the Caribbean, is one of the smallest in terms of size and budget, but has the longest history of activity among the COCOMs as it is the successor to the first joint command, the United States Caribbean Defense Command (CDC 1941-1947).
Existing from 1941 to 1947, the CDC was tasked with protecting the Panama Canal, the Canal Zone, and all its access points as well as defending the region from Axis aggression and setting up a series of U.S. bases throughout the Caribbean from which to project U.S. military power after World War II. Throughout its short history, however, the CDC was plagued with the same types of resource scarcity that its successor commands would later experience. Early successes, as well as the progress of the war saw to it that the original mission of the Command was quickly rendered moot. Ironically, it was partially the success of the U.S. war effort that kept the CDC from ever reaching its full potential. Nevertheless, the CDC evolved into something different than had originally been envisioned. In the end, it became the model that other COCOMs would follow after November 1947 when the system of regional combatant commands was formally established. Although some research has been conducted into the history of these commands, this dissertation is the first academic attempt to chronicle the history of the United States Caribbean Defense Command.
Research into this topic involved combing through the Archives of the United States Southern Command in its offices in Miami, Florida (SOUTHCOM Archives), as well as the CDC archives in Record Group 548 in the U.S. National Archives II in Suitland, Maryland. Secondary sources as well as references regarding treaties and international agreements were also consulted as necessary.