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1

Cokrowati, Nunik, Ika Linda Hartati, and Dewi Putri Lestari. "Addition of Yeast Bread (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in Feed to Increase Growth of Barramundi (Lates calcarifer)." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 20, no. 2 (August 6, 2020): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v20i2.1984.

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Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is known as Sea bass with a selling price of Rp.75,000 - Rp.80,000/Kg consumption size. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the addition of bread yeast with different doses to feed on the growth of Lates calcarifer. This study uses an experimental method with a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The treatments were P0=0% yeast, P1=0.5%, P2=0.10%, P3=0.15%, P4=0.20% yeast from the weight of the feed given. The results of the study are the bread yeast influences the growth of Lates calcarifer. The highest absolute weight gain in P4 treatment was 0.507 g. The highest absolute length increase in P4 treatment was 0.990 cm. The lowest FCR at perlakuan P1 yaitu 15,55. The highest survival rates are P2, P3, and P4 which is 100%. Erythrocytes with the highest total amount in P4 treatment 12,58x106 - 18,62x106 cells/mm3. Leukocytes with the highest total number in P2 treatment were 27,96x106 - 44,641x106 cells/mm3. Water quality parameter values in the maintenance media are in the range of requirements for Lates calcarifer cultivation. The conclusion of the study is the addition of bread yeast affects the growth of Lates calcarifer and the optimal dose that can increase the growth is 0,20%.
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2

Muhammad, Fuad, H. Hadiyanto, and Abdurrafi Alwan. "Microplastic Identification in Fisheries Commodities in Sayung Waters, Demak." Journal of Bioresources and Environmental Sciences 1, no. 1 (April 7, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jbes.2022.14226.

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Each year plastic production worldwide has increased. Approximately 10% of the production of plastic will lead to the sea. This plastic is degraded to be a small particle size < 5mm called microplastic. The river is the main route of entry of plastic from land to the sea. Sayung River is a river that has the potential to be contaminated with microplastics around which it is used as a location for the cultivation of various fisheries commodities including Pernaviridis, Penaeus monodon, and Lates calcarifer. The study aims to determine the number and type of microplastic in Penaeus monodon, Pernaviridis, and Lates calcarifer. Samples were taken from three different stations in the coverage area. Microplastic abundance analysis by isolating microplastic on each sample. Isolation samples of Pernaviridis, Penaeus monodon, and Lates calcarifer are done by dissolving the sample in a solution of 10% KOH was allowed for 24 hours at a temperature of 60 oC and observed under a binocular microscope. Founded types of microplastic are fiber, fragments, pellets, and films on Pernaviridis, Penaeus monodon, and Lates calcarifer. Pernaviridis found on many types of films, in Penaeusmonodon are the most prevalent types of fragments and the Lates calcarifer most common types of fiber. Pellet type is the least kind found in Pernaviridis and Penaeus monodon. Based on the age when taken, Penaeus monodon is the commodity that has the most potential to be contaminated with microplastic while based on the number of particles found in Lates calcarifer is the commodity with the most potential to be contaminated with microplastic.
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Yang, Rui, Mingyang Han, Zhengyi Fu, Yifu Wang, Wang Zhao, Gang Yu, and Zhenhua Ma. "Immune Responses of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer to Dietary Glycyrrhiza uralensis." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 1629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091629.

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To understand the impacts of dietary Glycyrrhiza uralensis on the immune responses of Lates calcarifer, the expression of immune-related genes including crp, c-3, c-4, mtor, mlst-8, eif4e, hsp-70, hsp-90, il-8il-8, il-10, tgfβ1, tnf, ifn-γ1, and mxf in L. calcarifer juveniles was evaluated in this study. Fish were fed experimental diets with G. uralensis levels of 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5% for 56 days. The results showed that dietary G. uralensis could improve the growth and survival of L. calcarifer and regulate the immune-related genes’ expression in L. calcarifer. Dietary G. uralensis significantly upregulated the expression level of crp, mtor, hsp-90, c-3, and c-4 genes in the liver of L. calcarifer, while hsp-70 gene expression was nearly downregulated. It did not upregulate the expression of elf4e and mlst-8 in the 1% and 3% inclusion groups, but it was the exact opposite in the 5% inclusion group. G. uralensis significantly affected the expression of il-8, il-10, tnf, ifn-γ1, mxf, and tgfβ1 in the head kidney of L. calcarifer. G. uralensis upregulated the expression of tnf and tgfβ1 consistently, but ifn-γ1 was at a low expression level. The expression of il-8 and il-10 was upregulated in the 1% group, while it was downregulated in the 5% group. The results from the present study indicate that dietary G. uralensis appeared to improve the immune function of L. calcarifer, and the optimum inclusion level should be between 1–3%.
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4

Russell, D. J., P. A. Thuesen, F. E. Thomson, and T. N. Power. "Is stocking barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in north-eastern Queensland a threat to aquatic biodiversity?" Marine and Freshwater Research 64, no. 10 (2013): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf12261.

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The stocking of predators can have significant consequences on recipient aquatic ecosystems. We investigated some potential ecological impacts of stocking a predatory fish (Lates calcarifer) into a coastal river and a large impoundment in north-eastern Australia. L. calcarifer was mostly found in slower-moving, larger reaches of the river or in the main body of the impoundment where there was abundant suitable habitat. In the tidally influenced freshwater reaches of the coastal river, L. calcarifer predominately consumed aytid and palaemonid shrimp that were associated with local macrophyte beds or littoral grasses. In this area the diets of juvenile stocked and wild L. calcarifer were similar and stocked fish displayed a high degree of site fidelity. Further upstream in the river, away from tidal influence, and in the impoundment, fish were the main prey item. Cannibalism was uncommon and we suggest that, at the current stocking densities, there was little dietary evidence of predatory impacts from L. calcarifer on species of conservation concern. We caution against introducing novel predatory species such as L. calcarifer in or near areas that are outside their natural range and are known to support rare, threatened or endangered species.
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5

John, Akbar, C. Prasannaku, P. S. Lyla, S. Ajmal Khan, and K. C. A. Jalal. "DNA Barcoding of Lates calcarifer (Bloch, 1970)." Research Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 6 (June 1, 2010): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/rjbsci.2010.414.419.

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6

Gabor, Les J., Mukesh Srivastava, Jeff Titmarsh, Michelle Dennis, Melinda Gabor, and Matthew Landos. "Cryptosporidiosis in Intensively Reared Barramundi (Lates Calcarifer)." Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation 23, no. 2 (March 2011): 383–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063871102300235.

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7

Perdana, Adli Waliul, Siska Mellisa, Jadi Yakin Hotmartupa Siahaan, Iko Imelda Arisa, Sayyid Afdhal El Rahimi, Firman M. Nur, and Siti Maulida. "Effect of adding β-glucan in feed on the growth rate of White Snapper (Lates calcarifer) fingerling." Depik 11, no. 2 (July 21, 2022): 161–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.11.2.23361.

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White snapper Lates calcarifer is one of the marine fish commodities that has important economic value. The addition of immunostimulant ingredients in feed is believed to increase immunity and increase fish growth. This study aims to determine the effect of adding β-glucan to feed on white snapper (Lates calcarifer). This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments with 3 repetitions. White snapper used with a weight of ± 6 grams and a length of ± 7. The frequency of feeding is done 3 times a day. The results of the ANOVA test showed that the addition of β-glucan in the feed significantly affected the growth rate of the fry of white snapper (Lates calcarifer) (P0.05). The best treatment in this study was treatment E (commercial feed + β-glucan 8g/kg feed) which gave the best growth in White snapper where this treatment was able to increase absolute weight (4.51 ± 0.29), absolute length (4 .84 ± 0.284), specific growth rate (2.09 ± 0.15), FCR (1.00 ± 1.00), feed utilization efficiency (97.42 ± 0.50) and survival (100.00 ± 0.00).
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8

Bhernama, Bhayu Gita. "EKSTRAKSI GELATIN DARI TULANG IKAN KAKAP PUTIH (Lates calcarifer) DENGAN ASAM HCl." Jurnal Sains Natural 10, no. 2 (September 29, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v10i2.282.

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Extraction of Gelatin from Fish White Bone (Lates Calcarifer) with HCl Concentration Variance Gelatin is a food added ingredient used in emulsifiers, thickeners, food stabilizers. Gelatin is a type of protein in the form of gel obtained from the denaturation of skin, bone and fish tissue collagen denaturation. The process of making gelatin from the bones of white snapper (Lates calcarifer) uses the HCl acid method with the parameters of yield, water content, ash content, and protein content. The immersion process carried out with varoius of HCl acid concentration 3%, 7% and 11%.The results show that the best value of% yield at a concentration of 7% of 1.90%, 10.16% water content. Ash content 3%. Protein content is 3.25%. FTIR spectrum revealed the presence of amida group at wave number 3269 cm-1, amide I; II; and Amida III sequentially at wave number 1656 cm-1; 1525.69 cm-1; 1161.15 cm-1.Keywords : Gelatin ; collagen ; Lates calcarifer ; FTIRABSTRAK Gelatin merupakan bahan tambah pangan yang digunakan dalam pengemulsi, pengental, penstabil makanan. Gelatin merupakan salah satu jenis protein yang berbentuk gel yang didapatkan dari hasil denaturasi kolagen kulit, tulang dan jaringan ikan. Proses ekstrak gelatin dari bahan tulang ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) menggunakan asam HCl dengan parameter rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein dan analisis FTIR. Proses perendaman dilakukan variasi asam HCl 3%, 7% dan 11%. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai % rendemen tertinggi pada konsentrasi 7% sebesar 1,90%, dengan nilai kadar air 10,16%, kadar abu 3,00%, kadar protein 3,25%. Dari spektrum FTIR didapatkan gugus Amida A pada bilangan gelombang 3269 cm-1, amida I ; II ; dan amida III secara berturut-turut pada bilangan gelombang 1656 cm-1 ; 1525,69 cm-1 ; 1161,15 cm-1.Kata kunci : Gelatin ; ikan kakap putih ; FTIR
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9

PETHIYAGODA, ROHAN, and ANTHONY C. GILL. "Description of two new species of sea bass (Teleostei: Latidae: Lates) from Myanmar and Sri Lanka." Zootaxa 3314, no. 1 (May 16, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3314.1.1.

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Two new species of Lates Cuvier are described. Lates lakdiva, new species, from western Sri Lanka, differs from its Indo-Pacific congeners by its lesser body depth, 26.6‒27.6% SL; 5 rows of scales in transverse line between base of third dorsal-fin spine and lateral line; 31‒34 serrae on the posterior edge of the preoperculum; third anal-fin spine longer than second;47‒52 lateral-line scales on body; and greatest depth of maxilla less than eye diameter. Lates uwisara, new species, fromeastern Myanmar, is distinguished by possessing 7 scales in transverse line between base of third dorsal-fin spine and lat-eral line; eye diameter 4.4‒4.7% SL; body depth 28.4‒34.5% SL; and third anal-fin spine shorter than the second. Despitesubstantial genetic variation, L. calcarifer sensu lato is widely distributed, from tropical Australia through Indonesia, Sin-gapore and Thailand, westwards to at least the west coast of India. Caution is urged in translocating Lates in the Indo-Pacific region as other yet unrecognized species likely exist. The status of the type specimens of L. calcarifer is discussed,and a common lectotype designated for L. heptadactylus and L. nobilis. While Lates vacti (type locality Bengal) may bea valid species, L. cavifrons and L. darwiniensis are considered synonyms of L. calcarifer. Plectopomus Goldfuss and Ptertopomus Goldfuss are shown to be incorrect subsequent spellings of Plectropomus Oken.
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10

Wirasakti, Putra Wirasakti, Nanda Diniarti, and Baiq Hilda Astriana. "PENGARUH WARNA WADAH PEMELIHARAAN YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN KELANGSUNGAN HIDUP BENIH IKAN KAKAP PUTIH (Lates calcarifer)." Jurnal Perikanan Unram 11, no. 1 (May 31, 2021): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jp.v11i1.178.

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Ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) merupakan jenis ikan yang tersebar luas di wilayah Hindia-pasifik Barat mulai dari Asia Tenggara sampai Papua Nugini dan Australia Utara. Ikan kakap putih lebih akrab dikenal dengan ikan barramundi. Pesatnya permintaan pasar nasional dan luar negeri, maka dibuat rekayasa wadah budidaya benih yang dilakukan di darat. Warna media menjadi pengaruh visual pada ikan untuk mendapatkan makanan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian menggunakan desain warna wadah, diharapkan mampu meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer).Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 30 hari. Dimulai pada Tanggal 22 Agustus hingga 20 September 2019. Bertempat di Balai Budidaya Laut Lombok, Desa Sekotong Barat, Kecamatan Sekotong, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuandan empat kali ulangan yaitu, perlakuan A (transparan/kontrol), B (warna hitam), C (biru), dan D (hijau). Hasil ANOVA menunjukan penggunaan wadah pemeliharaan dengan warna yang berbeda memberi pengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata pada kelangsungaan hidup benih ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer).Wadah warna hijau (perlakuan D) adalah wadah terbaik yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap LPH berat 2.95 %, LPH panjang3.84 %, berat mutlak (BM) 1.35 g.
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11

Wang, Chun Ming, Ze Yuan Zhu, Loong Chueng Lo, Felicia Feng, Grace Lin, Wen Tong Yang, Jian Li, and Gen Hua Yue. "A Microsatellite Linkage Map of Barramundi, Lates calcarifer." Genetics 175, no. 2 (December 18, 2006): 907–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.106.059972.

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12

Al Khaziri, Buthaina, Adil Al Sulimani, Najla Al Mandhari, Gilha Yoon, and Azhar Al-Busaidi. "Bacterial Infection in Farmed Barramundi Juveniles, Lates calcarifer." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23 (January 10, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss0pp76-80.

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In 2016, Barramundi, Lates calcaifer juveniles imported from Thailand to the aquaculture station at Sultan Qaboos University exhibited remarkable external clinical signs of losing scales, severe muscle necrosis, and ascites. Fin rot was also observed in the diseased fish. The mortality reached more than 90 % and it was assumed that certain bacterial species were associated with the diseased fish. The objective of the present study was to investigate the infection route of disease, revealing the causative agent and finding the most effective antibiotic treatment. The suspected pathogen vehicle was mosquito larvae in the outlet of the culture tank as bacterium was isolated inside the mosquito larvae. Primary, traditional phenotypic tests and the vitic test confirmed that the bacteria were pathogenic Aeromonas sobria and Lactococcus garvieae. Eight of the most commonly used antibiotics in the aquaculture industry was used for antibiotic susceptibility test. It showed that that Gentamycin was the most effective antibiotic while the most effective environmentally friendly source was henna, Lawsonia inermis, at a concentration of 10%.
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13

Al Khaziri, Buthaina, Adil Al Sulimani, Najla Al Mandhari, and Gilha Yoon. "Bacterial Infection in Farmed Barramundi Juveniles, Lates calcarifer." Journal of Agricultural and Marine Sciences [JAMS] 23, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24200/jams.vol23iss1pp76-80.

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In 2016, Barramundi, Lates calcaifer juveniles imported from Thailand to the aquaculture station at Sultan Qaboos University exhibited remarkable external clinical signs of losing scales, severe muscle necrosis, and ascites. Fin rot was also observed in the diseased fish. The mortality reached more than 90 % and it was assumed that certain bacterial species were associated with the diseased fish. The objective of the present study was to investigate the infection route of disease, revealing the causative agent and finding the most effective antibiotic treatment. The suspected pathogen vehicle was mosquito larvae in the outlet of the culture tank as bacterium was isolated inside the mosquito larvae. Primary, traditional phenotypic tests and the vitic test confirmed that the bacteria were pathogenic Aeromonas sobria and Lactococcus garvieae. Eight of the most commonly used antibiotics in the aquaculture industry was used for antibiotic susceptibility test. It showed that that Gentamycin was the most effective antibiotic while the most effective environmentally friendly source was henna, Lawsonia inermis, at a concentration of 10%.
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14

Noval, Mochammad, Hany Handajani, and Hariyadi Hariyadi. "Effect of different stocking densities on growth and survival of Seabass Fish (Lates calcarifer) nursery phase in low salinity." Indonesian Journal of Tropical Aquatic 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2019): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/ijota.v2i2.9595.

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Increased production of Seabass fish (Lates calcarifer) influences the stocking density used. The purpose of this study was to determine the growth and survival of Seabass (Lates calcarifer) at different densities of low salinity stocking. The study was conductedin May-June 2019 at the Laboratory of Fisheries, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The material used in the study of Seabass fish (Lates calcarifer) as many as 550 fish with a size of 7 cm and fish feed in the form of B2 Stella. The method used was experimental with a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely 1 fish/2 L as control (A); 2 fish/2 L (B); 3 fish/2 L (C); 4 fish/2 L (D). Data analysis used anova(P <0.05) and tested further with the Least Significant Difference Test of 5%. The results showed that treatment B (51 ± 2 fish/2 L) produced a specific growth rate of length and weight, survival rate, efficiency of feed utilization, and feed conversion ratio which was better than treatment A (67 ± 1 fish/2L (control)), C (44 ± 3 fish/2 L and D (38 ± 4 fish/2 L).
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15

Russell, D. J., F. E. Thomson, P. A. Thuesen, T. N. Power, and R. J. Mayer. "Variability in the growth, feeding and condition of barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch) in a northern Australian coastal river and impoundment." Marine and Freshwater Research 66, no. 10 (2015): 928. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf13269.

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Lates calcarifer supports important fisheries throughout tropical Australia. Community-driven fish stocking has resulted in the creation of impoundment fisheries and supplemental stocking of selected wild riverine populations. Using predominantly tag–recapture methods, condition assessment and stomach flushing techniques, this study compared the growth of stocked and wild L. calcarifer in a tropical Australian river (Johnstone River) and stocked fish in a nearby impoundment (Lake Tinaroo). Growth of L. calcarifer in the Johnstone River appeared resource-limited, with juvenile fish in its lower freshwater reaches feeding mainly on small aytid shrimp and limited quantities of fish. Growth was probably greatest in estuarine and coastal areas than in the lower freshwater river. Fish in Lake Tinaroo, where prey availability was greater, grew faster than either wild or stocked fish in the lower freshwater areas of the Johnstone River. Growth of L. calcarifer was highly seasonal with marked declines in the cooler months. This was reflected in both stomach fullness and the percentage of fish with empty stomachs but the condition of L. calcarifer was similar across most sites. In areas where food resources appear stretched, adverse effects on resident L. calcarifer populations and their attendant prey species should be minimised through cessation of, or more conservative, stocking practices.
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Lawler, Karen L., and Jean-Marc Hero. "Palatability of Bufo marinus Tadpoles to a Predatory Fish Decreases with Development." Wildlife Research 24, no. 3 (1997): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr96089.

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This investigation showed an ontogenetic shift in the palatability of Bufo marinus tadpoles by measuring consumption of tadpoles at three different developmental stages (newly hatched, intermediate and pre- metamorphic) by an Australian predatory fish, Lates calcarifer (barramundi). A known-palatable tadpole, Limnodynastes ornatus, was used as the control. B. marinus tadpoles at all developmental stages were unpalatable relative to a palatable alternative, with the later stages being the least palatable. Choice experiments further demonstrated that L. calcarifer were able to recognise and choose L. ornatus tadpoles in preference to those of B. marinus. Our experiments demonstrate that at all stages of development, B. marinus tadpoles were unpalatable to L. calcarifer. Contrary to the model proposed by Brodie and Formanowicz (1987), our results suggest an ontogenetic shift in palatability of B. marinus tadpoles to a vertebrate fish predator, with the later stages being less palatable.
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17

Zafran, Zafran, T. Harada, I. Koesharyani I. Koesharyan, K. Yuasa, and K. Hatai. "INDONESIAN HATCHERY REARED SEABASS LARVAE (Lates calcarifer), ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL NERVOUS NECROSIS (VNN)." Indonesian Fisheries Research Journal 4, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/ifrj.4.1.1998.19-22.

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Mass tuortality atuongs seabass larvae, Lates calcarifer, reared in hatcheries in East and Bali due to viral nervous necrosis were investigated. outbreaks of the disease occured from August to Novetnber 1997.
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Mushahida-Al-Noor, Syeda, Sheikh Kamruzzaman, and Md Delwer Hossain. "Seasonal Variation of Food composition and Feeding Activity of Small Adult Barramundi (Lates calcarifer, Bloch) in the South west Coastal Water near Khulna, Bangladesh." Our Nature 10, no. 1 (March 13, 2013): 119–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7772.

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The food habits of juvenile Lates calcarifer in the Shibsha river were investigated by examining the gastro-intestine contents of 720 specimens collected from June, 2010 to July, 2011. The major component of the diet was teleosts were dominant (32.40%) found in the stomach of Lates calcarifer. The next major food group were macro-crustacean (22.65%), followed by zooplankton (17.16%), algae (10.40%) and insects (9.89%). Monthly fluctuations were also witnessed in the percentage occurrence of stomachs with different degrees of fullness. It is evident that higher percentage of fullness of the stomach was recorded in pre-monsoon due to pre-spawning fattening process. Higher percentage of emptiness of the stomach was recorded in monsoon, due to starvation during breeding seasons. It is also observed that the percentage of stomach fullness was higher in summer than the percentage in winter in juvenile L. calcarifer..DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v10i1.7772
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19

Hossain, MN, MGM Jamil, MM Mia, MN Uddin, and MA Mansur. "Studies on the Proximate Composition, Quality and Heavy Metal Concentration of two Sun-Dried Marine Fish (Sun-Dried Silver Pomfret and Sun-Dried Perch) of Cox’s Bazar District of Bangladesh." Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources 10, no. 1 (November 28, 2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jesnr.v10i1.34690.

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This research was conducted on the proximate composition, quality aspect and heavy metal concentration of sun-dried Silver Pomfret (Stromateus cinereus) and sun-dried Perch (Lates calcarifer) which were collected from local market of Cox‟s Bazar town. These sun-dried marine fishes were collected from the stock after first drying procedure. Organoleptically most of these sun-dried fishes were in „excellent‟ grade some were in „Good‟ grade. Crude Protein, Lipid, Moisture, Ash, TVB-N and TMA-N content (%) of sun-dried Silver Pomfret (Stromateus cinereus) was 32.25±1.50, 7.75±0.20, 39.59±0.34, 15.75±0.39, 85.68±1.60 and 8.41±0.37 respectively. Whereas in sun-dried Perch (Lates calcarifer) the content (%) of Crude Protein, Lipid, Moisture, Ash, TVB-N and TMA-N was 40.31±2.13, 5.03±0.55, 26.74±0.47, 11.50±0.26, 46.97±1.00 and 8.21±0.12 respectively. Heavy metal concentration i.e. Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu and Zn concentration (ppm) in sun-dried Silver Pomfret (Stromateus cinereus) was 0.68, 5.85, 8.43, 1.15, 24.93 ppm. Whereas heavy metal concentration (ppm) in sun-dried Perch (Lates calcarifer) was Cd 0.65 ppm, Cr 5.6 ppm, Pb 6.28 ppm, Cu 1.04 ppm, Zn 23.8 ppm.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(1): 25-32 2017
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Pervin, T., S. Yeasmin, R. Islam, Kamruzzaman, A. Rahman, and A. Sattar. "Studies on nutritional composition and characterization of lipids of Lates calcarifer (Bhetki)." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 47, no. 4 (March 6, 2013): 393–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.14068.

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Physico chemical characteristics of lipids extracted from Lates calcarifer and nutritional composition of that fish were analyzed by standard method. The coefficient of viscosity was 447.69 millipoise at 30°C and specific gravity and refractive index were 0.98 and 1.37 at 30°C respectively. Saponification value, saponification equivalent, iodine value, peroxide value, acid value, ester value and reichert-meissel value were found 95.50, 286.96, 62.81, 52.59, 1.83, 193.67 and 2.94 respectively. Percentage of free fatty acid, unsaponificable matter and cholesterol were found 0.92, 1.86 and 13.74 respectively. Further, carbohydrate, protein, lipid, moisture, ash and dry matter content of L. calcarifer were found 0.93, 23.5, 5.7, 70, 5 and 30 % respectively. The fish was found to contain 580, 270,140, 120 and 9 mg of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Fe per 100 g respectively. However Cu and Zn were found to present in negligible amount. The fatty acid profiles L. calcarifer were identified by GLC method. Among fatty acid lauric, palmitic, oleic and stearic were found to present 4.49, 52.86, 36.88 and 5.75% respectively. Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(4), 393-400, 2012 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i4.14068
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Carey, Geoff R., and Craig E. Franklin. "Effect of incubation and rearing temperature on locomotor ability in barramundi, Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 3 (2009): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf07250.

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Temperature profoundly influences virtually all aspects of fish biology. Barramundi, Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790, is a catadromous fish that undergoes several migrations in its life cycle, necessitating locomotion under various thermal conditions. The present study examined the effects of varying thermal regimes on performance in juvenile L. calcarifer by determining the effects of rearing and ambient temperature on burst (Umax) and sustained (Ucrit) swimming ability. Fish were incubated at three set temperatures, 26°C (cool), 29°C (control) and 31°C (warm), from egg fertilisation until first feeding before some of the larvae were allocated to different temperatures to differentiate the effects of incubation temperature v. rearing temperature on subsequent swimming performance. Individuals incubated and reared at the cool (26°C) temperature showed significantly faster burst speeds at the 26°C test temperature than fish from any other treatment group. This indicates the ability of L. calcarifer to thermally acclimate burst swimming. However, there was no evidence that incubation temperature (as opposed to rearing temperature) affected burst or sustained swimming ability. Swimming ability was significantly affected by the test temperature, with the Umax of fish highest at the 29°C test temperature. Lower test temperatures depressed both burst and sustained swimming ability. Juvenile L. calcarifer can acclimate Umax, but swimming ability was unaffected by incubation thermal history.
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Tucker, John W., Malcolm R. Mackinnon, D. John Russell, Julian J. O'Brien, and Emanuella Cazzola. "Growth of Juvenile Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) on Dry Feeds." Progressive Fish-Culturist 50, no. 2 (April 1988): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1988)050<0081:gojblc>2.3.co;2.

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Kasumyan, Alexander O., Olga M. Isaeva, and Le T. K. Oanh. "Taste attractivity of tropical echinoderms for barramundi Lates calcarifer." Aquaculture 553 (May 2022): 738051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738051.

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GLENCROSS, B. "The nutritional management of barramundi, Lates calcarifer - a review." Aquaculture Nutrition 12, no. 4 (August 2006): 291–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2006.00410.x.

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Santisathitkul, Nanthawan, Karun Thongprajukaew, Suktianchai Saekhow, Patchawadee Sandos, Sasitorn Buntomnimit, and Hirun Kanghae. "Optimal background colour for rearing Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer )." Aquaculture Research 51, no. 4 (January 20, 2020): 1743–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/are.14521.

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Coloso, R. M., D. P. Murillo-Gurrea, I. G. Borlongan, and M. R. Catacutan. "Tryptophan requirement of juvenile Asian sea bass Lates calcarifer." Journal of Applied Ichthyology 20, no. 1 (February 2004): 43–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0426.2004.00478.x.

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27

Wade, N. M., L. H. Trenkner, I. Viegas, L. C. Tavares, M. Palma, S. Skiba-Cassy, K. Dias, et al. "Dietary starch promotes hepatic lipogenesis in barramundi (Lates calcarifer)." British Journal of Nutrition 124, no. 4 (March 19, 2020): 363–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114520001051.

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AbstractBarramundi (Lates calcarifer) are a highly valued aquaculture species, and, as obligate carnivores, they have a demonstrated preference for dietary protein over lipid or starch to fuel energetic growth demands. In order to investigate how carnivorous fish regulate nutritional cues, we examined the metabolic effects of feeding two isoenergetic diets that contained different proportions of digestible protein or starch energy. Fish fed a high proportion of dietary starch energy had a higher proportion of liver SFA, but showed no change in plasma glucose levels, and few changes in the expression of genes regulating key hepatic metabolic pathways. Decreased activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin growth signalling cascade was consistent with decreased growth performance values. The fractional synthetic rate (lipogenesis), measured by TAG 2H-enrichment using 2H NMR, was significantly higher in barramundi fed with the starch diet compared with the protein diet (0·6 (se 0·1) v. 0·4 (se 0·1) % per d, respectively). Hepatic TAG-bound glycerol synthetic rates were much higher than other closely related fish such as sea bass, but were not significantly different (starch, 2·8 (se 0·3) v. protein, 3·4 (se 0·3) % per d), highlighting the role of glycerol as a metabolic intermediary and high TAG-FA cycling in barramundi. Overall, dietary starch significantly increased hepatic TAG through increased lipogenesis. Compared with other fish, barramundi possess a unique mechanism to metabolise dietary carbohydrates and this knowledge may define ways to improve performance of advanced formulated feeds.
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Partridge, G. J., A. J. Lymbery, and D. K. Bourke. "Larval rearing of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in saline groundwater." Aquaculture 278, no. 1-4 (June 2008): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.03.023.

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Tu, Wei-Chun, Rebecca J. Cook-Johnson, Michael J. James, Beverly S. Mühlhäusler, David A. J. Stone, and Robert A. Gibson. "Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) desaturase with Δ6/Δ8 dual activities." Biotechnology Letters 34, no. 7 (March 4, 2012): 1283–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10529-012-0891-x.

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30

Bromage, ES, A. Thomas, and L. Owens. "Streptococcus iniae, a bacterial infection in barramundi Lates calcarifer." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 36 (1999): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao036177.

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31

Pham, Van Khang, Ha Phuong Truong, Dat Khac Nguyen, and Nguyen Hong Nguyen. "Genetic component of cannibalism in Asian seabass Lates Calcarifer." Applied Animal Behaviour Science 231 (October 2020): 105074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105074.

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32

Ullmann, Jeremy F. P., Gary Cowin, and Shaun P. Collin. "Magnetic resonance microscopy of the barramundi (Lates calcarifer) brain." Journal of Morphology 271, no. 12 (October 21, 2010): 1446–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.10887.

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33

Williams, David J., Stephen M. Nottingham, Susan E. Poole, and Marina Petroff. "Nucleotide Degradation Profiles of Iced Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) Muscle." Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 2, no. 2 (October 18, 1993): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j030v02n02_05.

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34

Salini, J., and JB Shaklee. "Genetic structure of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) stocks from northern Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 3 (1988): 317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880317.

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Barramundi, L. calcarifer, were collected from seven localities in the Northern Territory, the Daly, Finniss, Mary, Glyde, Roper and McArthur rivers and Blue Mud Bay, and from the Ord River in Western Australia. Barramundi were sampled seven times from the Daly and Finniss rivers over a 14-month period. In total, 46 loci were identified using starch-gel electrophoresis of enzymes and polyacrylamide electrophoresis of muscle proteins. Twelve loci were polymorphic at the P0.99 level. Most loci were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. A contingency Χ2 analysis for homogeneity of alleles over all loci and all localities was highly significant (P < 0.001). Comparisons of data from adjacent pairs of localities revealed that the overall heterogeneity was attributable to heterogeneity among seven of the eight localities; the Daly and Finniss river areas were not significantly different from one another. No evidence of heterogeneity over time was found among the collections from the Daly River area. The considerable amount of heterogeneity observed suggests that each of these seven localities supports a genetically discrete stock of barramundi; this conclusion is consistent with the documented life history of Australian barramundi. The genetic heterogeneity of the stocks should be considered when management policies for L. calcarifer are being formulated.
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35

Tanjung, Rosye H. R., Suwito Suwito, Vita Purnamasari, and Suharno Suharno. "Analisis Kandungan Logam Berat Pada Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates calcarifer Bloch) di Perairan Mimika Papua." Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan 17, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jil.17.2.256-263.

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Kebutuhan bahan pangan sangat tergantung pada ketersediaanya di lingungan. Bahan pangan yang diperlukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari harus sehat dan bebas dari bahan pencemar, termasuk logam berat. Ikan kakap putih (Lates calcarifer) sering dijumpai pada kawasan muara sungai di hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia, bahkan di Papua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kandungan logam berat Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, dan Hg pada ikan kakap putih (L. calcarifer) yang hidup di perairan estuari Mimika Papua. Perairan estuari di Mimika diketahui sebagai salah satu daerah pengendapan pasir sisa tambang (tailing). Metode yang digunakan adalah survei dan analisis laboratorium kandungan logam berat pada tubuh ikan. Analisis Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, dan Hg ditentukan dengan spektroskopi serapan atom (AAS, Atomic Absorpsion Spectroscopy). Penentuan tingkat pencemaran logam berat dilakukan dengan Metode Standar APHA 3113 Cetac Technologies SPR IDA. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan kandungan logam berat dalam air dengan baku mutu air laut menurut SK MNLH No. 51 tahun 2004. Untuk kandungan logam berat pada organ tubuh ikan dibandingkan dengan kandungan maksimum logam berat berdasarkan SNI 7387: 2009 tentang batas maksimum cemaran logam berat bahan pangan. Kandungan logam berat pada ikan kakap putih masih tergolong aman dikonsumsi karena mengandung logam berat di bawah ambang batas baku mutu. Kondisi ini didukung oleh hasil analisis logam berat pada air yang menunjukkan masih dalam kondisi baik. Kata kunci: L. calcarifer, logam berat, Sungai Kamora, Sungai Ajkwa, Mimika. The need for food depends on the availability in the environment. Foods needed to meet daily needs should be healthy and free of pollutants, including heavy metals. White snapper (Lates calcarifer) is often found in the estuary of the river in almost all parts of Indonesia, even in Papua. The purpose of this research is to study the heavy metal content of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, As, and Hg on white snapper (L. calcarifer) which live in Mimika Papua estuary waters. The estuary waters of Mimika are known as one of the deposition areas of tailings sand. The method used is survey and laboratory analysis of heavy metal content in fish body. Analysis of Pb, Cd, Cu, Fe, and Hg was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Determination of the level of heavy metal contamination was done by Standard Method of APHA 3113 Cetac Technologies SPR IDA. Data analysis was done by comparing the heavy metal content in water with sea water quality standard according to SK MNLH No. 51 year 2004. For heavy metal content in fish body organs compared with maximum content of heavy metals based on SNI 7387: 2009 on the maximum limit of heavy metal food contamination. The content of heavy metals in white snapper is still considered safe for consumption because its below the quality standard threshold. This condition is supported by the results of heavy metal analysis on the water which shows still in good condition. Key words: L. calcarifer, heavy metal, Kamora River, Ajkwa River, Mimika.
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36

Amir, Fachrurozi, Firman M. Nur, Nur Fadli, and Zainal Abidin Muchlisin. "Critical thermal limit and behavior of the Barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) fingerling exposure with different temperature." Depik 10, no. 1 (April 26, 2021): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.13170/depik.10.1.20287.

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Barramundi (Lates calcarifer) is one of the commercial fish in Indonesia. The phenomenon of climate change due to global warming has affected the life of aquatic biota, including fish. The objectives of the present study were to determine a critical thermal maximum (CTMax) and the behavior of Barramundi (L. calcarifer) due to the increase in water temperature. The research was conducted at the Fishing Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala in February 2021. The experiment was conducted in 10 aquariums equipped with heaters. The initial temperature of the treatment was 28oC and increased gradually every one minute by 0.2oC. The results showed that the abnormal behavior of Barramundi fingerling was started to appear at 37oC where the fish began to swim fast, then swim sideways at 38oC-39oC, hit the container wall at 39oC-40oC, jumped and weakened then dead at 40oC and 41oC. The average critical temperature of Barramundi fingerling was recorded at a temperature of 41oC within 65 minutes. Therefore, it is concluded that the Barramundi (L. calcarifer) display an abnormal behavior above the temperature of 35oC, however, they can survive up to 42oC exposure for 70 minutes.Keywords:Critical thermal maximumTemperature riseGlobal warming
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37

Peranginangin, Rosmawaty, Soewarno T. Soekarto, Lavlinesia Lavlinesia, and Ijah Mulianah. "PENGARUH JENIS DAN KONSENTRASI DAGING IKAN TERHADAP PENGEMBANGAN VOLUMETRIK, KERENYAHAN DAN RASA KERUPUK IKAN." Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 1, no. 2 (April 18, 2017): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jppi.1.2.1995.13-27.

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Penelitian kerupuk dengan menggunakan 3 jenis ikan yaitu ikan remang(Congresoxtalabon), ikan kakap (Lates calcarifer) dan ikan belida (Nonpterus cbiktus) denganformulasi 0;25;40 dan 50o/o telah dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengehhui pengaruhnya dalam pengembangan volumetrik, kerenyahan dan rasa krupuk.
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38

Terence, Celestine, Jose A. Domingos, Joseph Angelo Uichanco, Yann Monteil, Loïc Monteil, Emmanuel De Braux, Quyen Q. T. Banh, Susan Gibson-Kueh, and Dean R. Jerry. "Early sex change of barramundi Lates calcarifer farmed in Singapore." Aquaculture Reports 20 (July 2021): 100712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2021.100712.

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39

Konovalov, Dmitry A., Alzayat Saleh, Jose A. Domingos, Ronald D. White, and Dean R. Jerry. "Estimating Mass of Harvested Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer from Images." World Journal of Engineering and Technology 06, no. 03 (2018): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/wjet.2018.63b003.

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40

Zhu, Z. Y., C. M. Wang, L. C. Lo, G. Lin, F. Feng, J. Tan, R. Chou, H. S. Lim, L. Orban, and G. H. Yue. "A standard panel of microsatellites for Asian seabass(Lates calcarifer)." Animal Genetics 41, no. 2 (April 2010): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2009.01973.x.

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41

de Groof, Ad, Lars Guelen, Martin Deijs, Yorick van der Wal, Masato Miyata, Kah Sing Ng, Lotte van Grinsven, et al. "A Novel Virus Causes Scale Drop Disease in Lates calcarifer." PLOS Pathogens 11, no. 8 (August 7, 2015): e1005074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005074.

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42

Glencross, B., D. Blyth, S. Cheers, N. Bourne, N. Wade, and S. Irvin. "A compendium of raw material digestibilities for barramundi, Lates calcarifer." Aquaculture Nutrition 23, no. 5 (January 30, 2017): 1055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/anu.12473.

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43

周, 胜杰. "Observation on Embryonic Development and Postembryonic Development of Lates calcarifer." Open Journal of Fisheries Research 07, no. 01 (2020): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/ojfr.2020.71009.

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44

ANDERSON, IG, and HC PRIOR. "Subclinical epitheliocystis in barramundi, Lates calcarifer, reared in sea cages." Australian Veterinary Journal 69, no. 9 (September 1992): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1992.tb09930.x.

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45

Tabrett, Simon, David Blyth, Nicholas Bourne, and Brett Glencross. "Digestibility of Lupinus albus lupin meals in barramundi (Lates calcarifer)." Aquaculture 364-365 (October 2012): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2012.07.024.

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46

Ye, Baoqing, Ziyi Wan, Le Wang, Hongyan Pang, Yanfei Wen, Huiming Liu, Bing Liang, Huan Sein Lim, Junhui Jiang, and Genhua Yue. "Heritability of growth traits in the Asian seabass ( Lates calcarifer )." Aquaculture and Fisheries 2, no. 3 (May 2017): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2017.06.001.

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47

Dhert, Philippe, Patrick Lavens, and Patrick Sorgeloos. "State of the Art of Asian Seabass Lates calcarifer Larviculture." Journal of the World Aquaculture Society 23, no. 4 (December 1992): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-7345.1992.tb00795.x.

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48

Katersky, Robin S., and Chris G. Carter. "Growth efficiency of juvenile barramundi, Lates calcarifer, at high temperatures." Aquaculture 250, no. 3-4 (December 2005): 775–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.05.008.

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49

Leung, Luke Kui-Po. "Cryopreservation of spermatozoa of the barramundi, Lates calcarifer (Teleostei: Centropomidae)." Aquaculture 64, no. 3 (July 1987): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(87)90329-2.

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50

Barlow, C. G., L. J. Rodgers, P. J. Palmer, and C. J. Longhurst. "Feeding habits of hatchery-reared barramundi Lates calcarifer (Bloch) fry." Aquaculture 109, no. 2 (January 1993): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(93)90210-p.

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