Journal articles: 'Lateral source'

1

Owen, Thomas E., and Edgar C. Schroeder. "Asymmetrical lateral force seismic source transducer." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 83, no. 4 (April 1988): 1713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.395859.

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2

Yardley, G. S., and R. E. Swarbrick. "Lateral transfer: a source of additional overpressure?" Marine and Petroleum Geology 17, no. 4 (April 2000): 523–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-8172(00)00007-6.

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3

Grzebyk, Tomasz, Piotr Szyszka, Anna Gorecka-Drzazga, and Jan A. Dziuban. "Lateral MEMS-Type Field Emission Electron Source." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 63, no. 2 (February 2016): 809–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2015.2506778.

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4

Linnarsson, Margareta K., Michl Kaiser, Rickard Liljedahl, Valdas Jokubavicius, Yi Yu Ou, Peter J. Wellmann, Hai Yan Ou, and Mikael Syväjärvi. "Lateral Boron Distribution in Polycrystalline SiC Source Materials." Materials Science Forum 740-742 (January 2013): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.740-742.397.

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Polycrystalline SiC containing boron and nitrogen are used in growth of fluorescent SiC for white LEDs. Two types of doped polycrystalline SiC have been studied in detail with secondary ion mass spectrometry: sintered SiC and poly-SiC prepared by sublimation in a physical vapor transport setup. The materials are co-doped materials with nitrogen and boron to a concentration of 1x1018 cm-3 and 1x1019 cm-3, respectively. Depth profiles as well as ion images have been recorded. According to ocular inspection, the analyzed poly-SiC consists mainly of 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC grains. In these grains, the boron concentration is higher and the nitrogen concentration is lower in the 6H-SiC compared to the 4H-SiC polytype. No inter-diffusion between grains is observed.

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5

Li, Peisheng, Xiaolong Lian, Yue Chen, Ying Zhang, Wandong Zhao, and Chunyang Ma. "Multiple-relaxation-time lattice Boltzmann simulation of natural convection with multiple heat sources in a rectangular cavity." Canadian Journal of Physics 98, no. 4 (April 2020): 332–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2019-0055.

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Natural convection and heat transfer in a square cavity with multiple heat sources was investigated through a multiple-relaxation-time (MRT) collision model and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) in the current work. The MRT-LBM model was verified by a former experiment and numerical findings with different Ra numbers from 103 to 105, which proved the MRT-LBM model is effective to handle the flow and transfer. The heat transfer that developed inside the cavity was analyzed under different width, height, and lateral offset of heat source in this paper. Moreover, the change of spacing between two symmetrically distributed heat sources was discussed. The results showed that the heat exchange efficiency was augmented by increasing width, height, and spacing of the heater, but it was reduced by increasing lateral offset. Specifically, the Nusselt number of the upper wall decreased by increasing height of heat source, and the left and right walls showed better heat exchange efficiency by increasing height. Additionally, the lateral position had a notable influence on the left wall surface of the heat source, and the optimum heat exchange efficiency of the heat source’s left wall existed in the condition of small lateral offset.

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6

Dimkić, M., M. Pušić, V. Obradović, and D. Djurić. "Several natural indicators of radial well ageing at the Belgrade Groundwater Source, part 2." Water Science and Technology 63, no. 11 (June 1, 2011): 2567–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2011.564.

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From 2005 to 2009, research was conducted at the Belgrade Groundwater Source (BGWS) to investigate the process of clogging of wells with horizontal lateral screens (radial wells). The clogging process was monitored via the kinetics of the increase in hydraulic losses at the laterals. A correlation of this process with the redox potential, the iron concentration in water, and the microbial population growth at the laterals and in their immediate vicinity was established. Research outcomes are presented here from a study of five wells where laterals were replaced between 2006 and 2008. Derived dependencies were later used to define the preferred approach to the installation and maintenance of well laterals at the BGWS. Results contribute to the study of well ageing caused by biochemical clogging.

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7

Pierrehumbert, R. T. "Lateral mixing as a source of subtropical water vapor." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 2 (January 15, 1998): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97gl03563.

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8

Ma, M., K. G. Stephens, B. J. Sealy, and J. E. Mynard. "A double hot cathode lateral extraction Penning ion source." Review of Scientific Instruments 63, no. 4 (April 1992): 2475–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1142916.

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9

Curcic-Blake, B. "Source location encoding in the fish lateral line canal." Journal of Experimental Biology 209, no. 8 (April 15, 2006): 1548–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.02140.

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10

Kwong, M. Y., R. Kasnavi, P. Griffin, J. D. Plummer, and R. W. Dutton. "Impact of lateral source/drain abruptness on device performance." IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices 49, no. 11 (November 2002): 1882–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ted.2002.806790.

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11

Ma, M., J. E. Mynard, B. J. Sealy, and K. G. Stephens. "A cold-hollow-cathode lateral-extraction penning ion source." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 55, no. 1-4 (April 1991): 335–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583x(91)96189-r.

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12

Kwok, R. H. F., K. R. Baker, S. L. Napelenok, and G. S. Tonnesen. "Photochemical grid model implementation and application of VOC, NOx, and O3 source apportionment." Geoscientific Model Development 8, no. 1 (January 29, 2015): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-99-2015.

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Abstract. For the purposes of developing optimal emissions control strategies, efficient approaches are needed to identify the major sources or groups of sources that contribute to elevated ozone (O3) concentrations. Source-based apportionment techniques implemented in photochemical grid models track sources through the physical and chemical processes important to the formation and transport of air pollutants. Photochemical model source apportionment has been used to track source impacts of specific sources, groups of sources (sectors), sources in specific geographic areas, and stratospheric and lateral boundary inflow on O3. The implementation and application of a source apportionment technique for O3 and its precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model are described here. The Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) O3 approach is a hybrid of source apportionment and source sensitivity in that O3 production is attributed to precursor sources based on O3 formation regime (e.g., for a NOx-sensitive regime, O3 is apportioned to participating NOx emissions). This implementation is illustrated by tracking multiple emissions source sectors and lateral boundary inflow. NOx, VOC, and O3 attribution to tracked sectors in the application are consistent with spatial and temporal patterns of precursor emissions. The O3 ISAM implementation is further evaluated through comparisons of apportioned ambient concentrations and deposition amounts with those derived from brute force zero-out scenarios, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.58 and 0.99 depending on specific combination of target species and tracked precursor emissions. Low correlation coefficients occur for chemical regimes that have strong nonlinearity in O3 sensitivity, which demonstrates different functionalities between source apportionment and zero-out approaches, where appropriate use depends on whether source attribution or source sensitivity is desired.

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13

Rios Mora, Juan Sebastian, Bernard Collignan, Thierno Diallo, Marc Abadie, and Karim Limam. "Influence of the lateral source/building separation on vapour intrusion: A numerical study." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 07006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017207006.

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Various vapour intrusion (VI) models have been proposed in order to predict indoor concentration of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) in buildings. However, these models tend to be conservative, and overestimate or underestimate vapour flux emissions due to several assumptions. Particularly, most of these VI models only consider an infinite uniform contaminated groundwater as the principal source of VOCs in the soil, and lateral pollution source in the vadose zone are disregarded. It has been shown that ignoring the lateral source position may lead to uncertainties on the estimations. In this paper, a numerical model is developed in order to better understand the relationship between the lateral source position in the soil, including both a source in the vadose zone and a source located at the groundwater level, and the resulting indoor air concentration. Results show that source position plays a significant role on vapour intrusion attenuation. In fact, indoor concentration of VOCs decreases with increasing lateral separation. Finally, it is shown that considering the source position can significantly improve the quality of VI predictions.

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14

Frank, Matthias. "Source Width of Frontal Phantom Sources: Perception, Measurement, and Modeling." Archives of Acoustics 38, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 311–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aoa-2013-0038.

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Abstract Phantom sources are known to be perceived similar to real sound sources but with some differences. One of the differences is an increase of the perceived source width. This article discusses the perception, measurement, and modeling of source width for frontal phantom sources with different symmetrical arrangements of up to three active loudspeakers. The perceived source width is evaluated on the basis of a listening test. The test results are compared to technical measures that are applied in room acoustics: the inter-aural cross correlation coefficient (IACC) and the lateral energy fraction (LF). Adaptation of the latter measure makes it possible to predict the results by considering simultaneous sound incidence. Finally, a simple model is presented for the prediction of the perceived source width that does not require acoustic measurements as it is solely based on the loudspeaker directions and gains.

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15

Xiong, Yan, Yan Sun, and Sheng Wo Sheng. "Experiment Research on Apparent Source Width (ASW)." Advanced Materials Research 374-377 (October 2011): 1155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.374-377.1155.

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It is well-know that spatial impression is one of the important characteristics in concert halls. It is popular belief that early sound contribute to apparent source width (ASW) and late sound contribute to listener envelopment (LEV). The major concern of our study originated from the question of whether or not ASW was created only by early lateral sound energy alone. In this paper, a group of psychological experiments are performed with simulated sound fields. In the experiment, listening tests were carried out in order to exam the effect of early lateral sound energy fraction(LFE) and early to late sound energy ratio (C80) on perceived ASW. The results confirmed that C80 affects ASW.

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16

Moffitt, Peter, Adam Williamson, and Peter Stenhouse. "The Source of the Problem." Acute Medicine Journal 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.52964/amja.0749.

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The portable chest x-ray (Figure 1) shows a widened cardiac silhouette. An endotracheal tube is in situ, indicating the patient is now intubated. The ECG (Figure 2) shows sinus rhythm with widespread mixed convex and concave ST elevation, most notable in V4, V5 and the lateral leads. There is a suggestion of PR depression in the inferior leads.

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17

Wang, Min, Chunyong Fan, and Guisheng Hou. "Numerical research of lateral flow influence on supercavitating flow." AIP Advances 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): 045214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0090282.

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In this paper, a recompiled multiphase flow solver, which introduced the lateral flow source into the code, is developed to investigate the effect of the lateral flow on the supercavitation phenomenon. The evolution of the supercavity profile and the resistance of the vehicle under different lateral flow speeds are studied. The results show that the recompiled solver can calculate the effect of the lateral flow on the supercavitation, and the influence of lateral flow on the supercavity is related to the speed of the counter flow. Under the same lateral flow velocity, the higher the convection velocity, the weaker the influence of lateral flow on the cavity profile and resistance. When the lateral flow velocity is less than 8% of the convection velocity, the effect of the lateral flow on the supercavity size and the resistance of the vehicle can be ignored. As the lateral flow strengthens, the supercavity will deform and even break and the resistance of the vehicle increases significantly. After removing the source of the lateral flow, the cavity re-grows again and forms a huge supercavity, which is much larger than the original one before introducing the velocity source. Then, the cavity gradually shrinks and reaches a new steady state.

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18

Kwok, R. H. F., K. R. Baker, S. L. Napelenok, and G. S. Tonnesen. "Photochemical grid model implementation of VOC, NOx, and O3 source apportionment." Geoscientific Model Development Discussions 7, no. 5 (September 3, 2014): 5791–829. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmdd-7-5791-2014.

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Abstract. For the purposes of developing optimal emissions control strategies, efficient approaches are needed to identify the major sources or groups of sources that contribute to elevated ozone (O3) concentrations. Source based apportionment techniques implemented in photochemical grid models track sources through the physical and chemical processes important to the formation and transport of air pollutants. Photochemical model source apportionment has been used to estimate impacts of specific sources, groups of sources (sectors), sources in specific geographic areas, and stratospheric and lateral boundary inflow on O3. The implementation and application of a source apportionment technique for O3 and its precursors, nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOC), for the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model are described here. The Integrated Source Apportionment Method (ISAM) O3 approach is a hybrid of source apportionment and source sensitivity in that O3 production is attributed to precursor sources based on O3 formation regime (e.g., for a NOx-sensitive regime, O3 is apportioned to participating NOx emissions). This implementation is illustrated by tracking multiple emissions source sectors and lateral boundary inflow. NOx, VOC, and O3 attribution to tracked sectors in the application are consistent with spatial and temporal patterns of precursor emissions. The O3 ISAM implementation is further evaluated through comparisons of apportioned ambient concentrations and deposition amounts with those derived from brute force zero-out scenarios, with correlation coefficients ranging between 0.58 and 0.99 depending on specific combination of target species and tracked precursor emissions. Low correlation coefficients occur for chemical regimes that have strong non-linearity in O3 sensitivity, which demonstrates different functionalities between source apportionment and zero-out approaches, depending on whether sources of interest are either to be accounted for pollutant levels in a given scenario, or to be perturbed to invoke alternate scenarios.

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19

Scherg, Michael, Jiri Vajsar, and Terence W. Picton. "A Source Analysis of the Late Human Auditory Evoked Potentials." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 1, no. 4 (October 1989): 336–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.1989.1.4.336.

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The intracerebral generators of the human auditory evoked potentials were estimated using dipole source analysis of 14-channel scalp recordings. The response to a 400-msec toneburst presented every 0.9 sec could be explained by three major dipole sources in each temporal lobe. The first was a vertically oriented dipole located on the supratemporal plane in or near the auditory koniocortex. This contributed to the scalp-recorded N1 wave at 100 msec. The second was a vertically oriented dipole source located on the supratemporal plane somewhat anterior to the first. This contributed to both the Nl and the sustained potential (SP). The third was a laterally oriented dipole source that perhaps originated in the magnopyramidal temporal field. This contributed a negative wave to the lateral scalp recordings at the latency of 145 msec. A change in the frequency of the toneburst elicited an additional negativity in the scalp-recording —the mismatch negativity (MMN). When the frequency change was large, the mismatch negativity was composed of two distinct sources with sequential but partially overlapping activities. The earlier corresponded to the Nl dipole sources and the later to a more anteriorly located dipole with an orientation more lateral than Nl. Only the later source was active when the frequency change was small. MMN source activities peaked about 15 msec earlier in the contralateral hemisphere, while this difference was only 4 msec for the sources of the Nl.

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20

CHOUDHARY, KHAULA ASHRAF, M. FAROOQ AZAM RATHORE, SAQUIB HANIF, and MAQSOOD UL HASAN RASHID. "LATERAL EPICONDYLITIS." Professional Medical Journal 18, no. 01 (March 10, 2011): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2011.18.01.1880.

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Objectives: To find out effectiveness of steroid injection for early management of lateral epicondylitis. Data Source: One hundred and twenty Patients of both genders presenting with unilateral lateral epicondylitis of less than two weeks duration reporting at Outpatient Department at Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Rawalpindi. Design of Study: Quasi experimental study. Setting: Out patient department of Armed Forces Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, which is the largest rehabilitation facility in the country at present offering a multidisciplinary approach in the management of disability and musculoskeletal disorders17. Period: 01 yrs. Results: Both groups had sixty cases each with a mean age of 35.1 ± 6.22 and 36.08 ± 5.98 respectively. There were 54(45 %) males and 66(55%) females. At four weeks and three months follow up assessments there was significant improvement in pain relief and pain free grip strength in the Group A(steroids) as compared to Group B (NSAIDs). Conclusions: Local steroid injection is an effective treatment with an advantage over nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (Diclofenac). It results in a rapid and better relief of symptoms, which is sustained over a period of three months.

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21

Crites, B. M., J. Lohnes, and W. E. Garrett. "Snapping popliteal tendon as a source of lateral knee pain." Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 8, no. 4 (January 30, 2007): 243–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1998.tb00199.x.

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22

Boyajian, Robert A., Carlos Amo, Shirley M. Otis, John S. Romine, and Richard A. Smith. "Magnetic Source Imaging of Cortical Dysfunction in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis." American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 87, no. 6 (June 2008): 427–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/phm.0b013e318174e7f1.

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23

Wolf, Ben J., Jos van de Wolfshaar, and Sietse M. van Netten. "Three-dimensional multi-source localization of underwater objects using convolutional neural networks for artificial lateral lines." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 162 (January 2020): 20190616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0616.

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This research focuses on the signal processing required for a sensory system that can simultaneously localize multiple moving underwater objects in a three-dimensional (3D) volume by simulating the hydrodynamic flow caused by these objects. We propose a method for localization in a simulated setting based on an established hydrodynamic theory founded in fish lateral line organ research. Fish neurally concatenate the information of multiple sensors to localize sources. Similarly, we use the sampled fluid velocity via two parallel lateral lines to perform source localization in three dimensions in two steps. Using a convolutional neural network, we first estimate a two-dimensional image of the probability of a present source. Then we determine the position of each source, via an automated iterative 3D-aware algorithm. We study various neural network architectural designs and different ways of presenting the input to the neural network; multi-level amplified inputs and merged convolutional streams are shown to improve the imaging performance. Results show that the combined system can exhibit adequate 3D localization of multiple sources.

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24

Tang, Zhijie, Zhen Wang, Jiaqi Lu, Gaoqian Ma, and Pengfei Zhang. "Underwater Robot Detection System Based on Fish’s Lateral Line." Electronics 8, no. 5 (May 22, 2019): 566. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8050566.

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This paper introduces the near-field detection system of an underwater robot based on the fish lateral line. Inspired by the perception mechanism of fish’s lateral line, the aim is to add near-field detection functionality to an underwater vehicle. To mimic the fish’s lateral line, an array of pressure sensors is developed and installed on the surface of the underwater vehicle. A vibrating sphere is simulated as an underwater pressure source, and the moving mechanism is built to drive the sphere to vibrate at a certain frequency near the lateral line. The calculation of the near-field pressure generated by the vibrating sphere is derived by linearizing the kinematics and dynamics conditions of the free surface wave equation. Structurally, the geometry shape of the detection system is printed by a 3D printer. The pressure data are sent to the computer and analyzed immediately to obtain information of the pressure source. Through the experiment, the variation law of the pressure is generated when the source vibrates near the body, and is consistent with the simulation results of the derived pressure calculation formula. It is found that the direction of the near-field pressure source can distinguished. The pressure amplitude of the sampled signals are extracted to be prepared for the next step to estimate the vertical distance between the center of the pressure source and the lateral line.

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25

Elepfandt, Andreas, Silke Lebrecht, Kirsten Schroedter, Britta Brudermanns, Renate Hillig, Claire Schuberth, and Alexander Fliess. "Lateral Line Scene Analysis in the Purely Aquatic Frog Xenopus laevis Daudin (Pipidae)." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 87, no. 2 (2016): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000445422.

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The ability to locate and discriminate water surface waves that impinge simultaneously from multiple directions was studied in the clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. Monofrequency waves of 5-30 Hz were presented from point sources at a distance of 10 cm from the frog, unless stated otherwise, and the animal's response turn towards the wave origin examined. Two-choice conditioning with two simultaneous frontal waves at a 90-degree inter-wave angle revealed discrimination thresholds lower than 1 Hz for 10- to 20-Hz source wave frequencies. Smaller inter-wave angles resulted in larger thresholds, and no discrimination was found below 40°. If a third wave was added from behind, the frequency discrimination of the two frontal waves deteriorated, with 18 Hz being discriminated from waves differing by at least 2.75 Hz. Subjects also discriminated between two simultaneous waves of equal frequency presented from differing distances. At a distance of 10 cm, the discrimination threshold was 0.95 cm. Thus, X. laevis is capable of discriminating source distances in an overlap on the basis of wave curvatures. The detection of source directions among four, six or eight waves of equal frequency and distance was investigated by measuring the angular distribution of the response turns. Turns were significantly more closely oriented towards sources than to intermediate directions. The orientation accuracy did not degrade with the number of waves.

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26

Nokes, R. I., and I. R. Wood. "Vertical and lateral turbulent dispersion: some experimental results." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 187 (February 1988): 373–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112088000473.

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The results of an experimental programme designed to investigate turbulent dispersion of a continuous contaminant source in a wide channel are presented. Both two-dimensional vertical dispersion and the determination of the lateral diffusion coefficient are described. The eigenfunction solution to the turbulent diffusion equation, presented in Nokes et al. (1984) and discussed in greater detail in Nokes (1985), is strongly supported by the results of vertical mixing described here. A variety of source locations are examined in this study and the location of the ideal source, predicted by theory, is verified by the experimental results. For the two smooth-bed flows investigated the depth-averaged values of εz, deduced from the rates of lateral spreading of the plume, lie at the lower end of the range of values obtained by other researchers. Considering only the results obtained in wide channels, the authors demonstrate that previously published values of the lateral diffusion coefficient, non-dimensionalized by the shear velocity u* and the flow depth d are independent of all flow parameters except the friction factor f = 8u*/ū where ū is the mean velocity in the flow. Indeed, above a value of f = 0.055 εz/u*d is also found to be independent of f, and takes a value of 0.134. A brief mathematical analysis of the three-dimensional mixing processes in the near-source region is presented, and utilized to investigate the coupling between the lateral and vertical diffusion processes in this region. Based on these mathematical arguments the experimental results imply that the vertical and lateral diffusion processes are essentially uncoupled in the near-source zone, and thus the lateral diffusivity and longitudinal velocity have similar vertical dependence.

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27

Canbilen, Sefa William, Khaldoun El Abed, and Riaz Ahmad. "Spontaneous atraumatic knee haemarthrosis." BMJ Case Reports 13, no. 10 (October 2020): e236362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-236362.

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Spontaneous knee haemarthrosis is a rare condition, most prevalent in the elderly with osteoarthritis. Recent reports have proposed that the source of bleeding is the peripheral arteries supplying the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus. In this case, a 62-year-old active man presented with acute postero-lateral left knee pain and swelling with limited weight bearing or movement of the knee. No recent history of trauma but history of lateral compartment dominant osteoarthritis and arthroscopic partial lateral meniscectomy of left knee. Aspiration showed a large haemarthrosis and following an MRI scan displaying large areas of full thickness chondral loss, complex tearing of lateral meniscus and loose bodies, the patient had an arthroscopy, washout, debridement of osteochondral tibial defect and diathermy of suspected bleeding point. This report supports the peripheral arteries supplying the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus as the source of bleeding in spontaneous haemarthrosis of the knee.

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28

Cucci, Luigi, and Francesca R. Cinti. "In Search of the 1654 Seismic Source (Central Italy): An Obscure, Strong, Damaging Earthquake Occurred Less than 100 km from Rome and Naples." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 22, 2022): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031150.

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The M6.3 earthquake that occurred in southern Lazio (Central Italy) in 1654 is the strongest seismic event to have occurred in the area. However, our knowledge about this earthquake is scarce and no study has been devoted to the individuation of its causative source. The main purpose of this study is putting together all of the information available for this shock to provide reliable landmarks to identify its seismic source. To this end, we present and discuss historical, hydrological, geological, and seismological data, both reviewed and newly acquired. An important, novel part of this study relies on an analysis of the coseismic hydrological changes associated with the 1654 earthquake and on the comparison of their distribution with models of the coseismic strain field induced by a number of potential seismogenic sources. We find more satisfactory results when imposing a lateral component of slip to the faults investigated. In particular, oblique left-lateral sources display a better fit between strain and hydrological signatures. Finally, the cross-analysis between the results from modeling and the other pieces of evidence collected point to the Sora fault, with its trend variability, as the probable causative source of the 1654 earthquake.

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Robertsson, Johan O. A., Dirk-Jan van Manen, Fredrik Andersson, Lasse Amundsen, and Kurt Eggenberger. "Source deghosting by depth apparition." GEOPHYSICS 82, no. 6 (November 1, 2017): P89—P107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2016-0686.1.

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Marine seismic data are distorted by ghosts as waves propagating upward reflect downward from the sea surface. Ghosts appear on the source side and the receiver side. However, whereas the receiver-side ghost problem has been studied in detail, and many different solutions have been proposed and implemented commercially, the source-side ghost problem has remained largely unsolved with few satisfactory solutions available. We have developed a new and simple method to remove sea-surface ghosts that is related to the recently introduced concept of signal apparition. As opposed to the temporal/spatial source signature modulation functions used in the original signal apparition theory, our source deghosting method relies on using sources at different depths but not at the same lateral positions. The new method promises to be particularly suitable for 3D applications on sparse or incomplete acquisition geometries.

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30

Coombs, Sheryl, James J. Finneran, and Ruth A. Conley. "Hydrodynamic image formation by the peripheral lateral line system of the Lake Michigan mottled sculpin, Cottus bairdi." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1401 (September 29, 2000): 1111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0649.

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Lake Michigan mottled sculpin ( Cottus bairdi ) have a lateral–line–mediated prey–capture behaviour that consists of an initial orientation towards the prey, a sequence of approach movements, and a final strike at the prey. This unconditioned behaviour can be elicited from blinded sculpin in the laboratory by both real and artificial (vibrating sphere) prey. In order to visualize what Lake Michigan mottled sculpin might perceive through their lateral line when approaching prey, we have combined anatomical, neurophysiological, behavioural and computational modelling techniques to produce three–dimensional maps of how excitation patterns along the lateral line sensory surface change as sculpin approach a vibrating sphere. Changes in the excitation patterns and the information they contain about source location are consistent with behavioural performance, including the approach pathways taken by sculpin to the sphere, the maximum distances at which approaches can be elicited, distances from which strikes are launched, and strike success. Information content is generally higher for laterally located sources than for frontally located sources and this may explain exceptional performance (e.g. successful strikes from unusually long distances) in response to lateral sources and poor performance (e.g. unsuccessful strikes) to frontal sources.

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31

LEPORE, J., and L. MYDLARSKI. "Lateral dispersion from a concentrated line source in turbulent channel flow." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 678 (May 3, 2011): 417–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.119.

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The dispersion of a passive scalar (temperature) from a concentrated line source in fully developed, high-aspect-ratio turbulent channel flow is studied herein. The line source is oriented in the direction of the inhomogeneity of the velocity field, resulting in a thermal plume that is statistically three-dimensional. This configuration is selected to investigate the lateral dispersion of a passive scalar in an inhomogeneous turbulent flow (i.e. dispersion in planes parallel to the channel walls). Measurements are recorded at six wall-normal distances (y/h = 0.10, 0.17, 0.33, 0.50, 0.67 and 1.0), six downstream positions (x/h = 4.0, 7.4, 10.8, 15.2, 18.6 and 22.0) and a Reynolds number of Re ≡ 〈U〉y = hh/v = 10200 (Reτ ≡ u∗h/v = 502). The lateral mean temperature excess profiles were found to be well represented by Gaussian distributions. The root-mean-square (r.m.s.) profiles, on the other hand, were symmetric, but non-Gaussian. Consistent with homogeneous flows (and in contrast to the work of Lavertu & Mydlarski (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 528, 2005, p. 135) studying transverse dispersion in the same flow), (i) the downstream growth rate of the centreline mean temperature excess, centreline r.m.s. temperature fluctuation and half-width of the mean and r.m.s. temperature profiles followed a power law evolution in the downstream direction, and (ii) the r.m.s. profiles evolved from single-peaked to double-peaked profiles far downstream. By comparing the measured ratios of the centreline r.m.s. temperature fluctuation to the mean temperature excess to the ratios measured in other flows, it was hypothesized that the mean-flow shear, as well as the turbulence intensity, played an important, cooperative role in increasing the mixedness of the flow. The probability density functions (PDFs) were quasi-Gaussian near the wall as well as for large-enough downstream distances. Closer to both the source and the channel centreline, the PDFs were better approximated by exponential distributions, with a sharp peak corresponding to the free-stream temperature. For intermediate downstream distances, the PDFs of the lateral dispersion were better mixed than analogous PDFs of the transverse dispersion, consistent with the mixedness measurements.

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Hwang, Kun, Byung Gun Kim, Yu Jin Kim, and In Hyuk Chung. "Lateral Septoaponeurotic Artery: Source of Bleeding in Blepharoplasty Performed in Asians." Annals of Plastic Surgery 50, no. 2 (February 2003): 156–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.sap.0000037262.92628.b1.

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Le, Phuong Thi, Pierre Pontarotti, and Didier Raoult. "Alphaproteobacteria species as a source and target of lateral sequence transfers." Trends in Microbiology 22, no. 3 (March 2014): 147–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2013.12.006.

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34

Lee, Joseph H. W., Paul C. K. Chu, and Tony W. C. Yau. "Lateral Mixing of Continuous Line Source: An Introduction to Turbulent Diffusion." International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 24, no. 4 (October 1996): 265–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030641909602400405.

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The lateral turbulent mixing of a continuous line source of neutral tracer or contaminant in steady uniform open channel flow illustrates several useful concepts of advective diffusion. Flow visualization of the slender plume downstream of the source in a laboratory flume is presented. The self-similar tracer concentration field is obtained by both conductivity measurements and laser-induced fluorescence (L1F) techniques. The dimensionless turbulent diffusivity is determined, and the pedagogical features of the experiment are discussed.

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Natarajan, Srividya, Kristin H. Gilchrist, Jeffrey R. Piascik, Charles B. Parker, Jeffrey T. Glass, and Brian R. Stoner. "Simulation and testing of a lateral, microfabricated electron-impact ion source." Applied Physics Letters 94, no. 4 (January 26, 2009): 044109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3046733.

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Tollin, Daniel J. "The Lateral Superior Olive: A Functional Role in Sound Source Localization." Neuroscientist 9, no. 2 (April 2003): 127–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073858403252228.

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Abdulsadda, Ahmad T., and Xiaobo Tan. "Nonlinear estimation-based dipole source localization for artificial lateral line systems." Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 8, no. 2 (March 28, 2013): 026005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-3182/8/2/026005.

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Venkatraman, Vishak, and Andrew J. Steckl. "Integrated OLED as excitation light source in fluorescent lateral flow immunoassays." Biosensors and Bioelectronics 74 (December 2015): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2015.06.049.

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Walsh-Moorman, Elizabeth, and Kristine Pytash. "Making moves: Lateral reading and strategic thinking during digital source evaluation." Journal of Media Literacy Education 13, no. 1 (May 24, 2021): 106–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.23860/jmle-2021-13-1-9.

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40

Braun, Christopher B., and Sheryl Coombs. "The overlapping roles of the inner ear and lateral line: the active space of dipole source detection." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 355, no. 1401 (September 29, 2000): 1115–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2000.0650.

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The problems associated with the detection of sounds and other mechanical disturbances in the aquatic environment differ greatly from those associated with airborne sounds. The differences are primarily due to the incompressibility of water and the corresponding increase in importance of the acoustic near field. The near field, or hydrodynamic field, is characterized by steep spatial gradients in pressure, and detection of the accelerations associated with these gradients is performed by both the inner ear and the lateral line systems of fishes. Acceleration–sensitive otolithic organs are present in all fishes and provide these animals with a form of inertial audition. The detection of pressure gradients, by both the lateral line and inner ear, is the taxonomically most widespread mechanism of sound–source detection amongst vertebrates, and is thus the most likely primitive mode of detecting sound sources. Surprisingly, little is known about the capabilities of either the lateral line or the otolithic endorgan in the detection of vibratory dipole sources. Theoretical considerations for the overlapping roles of the inner ear and lateral line systems in midwater predict that the lateral line will operate over a shorter distance range than the inner ear, although with a much greater spatial resolution. Our empirical results of dipole detection by mottled sculpin, a benthic fish, do not agree with theoretical predictions based on midwater fishes, in that the distance ranges of the two systems appear to be approximately equal. This is almost certainly as a result of physical coupling between the fishes and the substrate. Thus, rather than having a greater active range, the inner ear appears to have a reduced distance range in benthic fishes, and the lateral line distance range may be concomitantly extended.

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Dagamseh, Ahmad, Remco Wiegerink, Theo Lammerink, and Gijs Krijnen. "Imaging dipole flow sources using an artificial lateral-line system made of biomimetic hair flow sensors." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 83 (June 6, 2013): 20130162. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0162.

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In Nature, fish have the ability to localize prey, school, navigate, etc., using the lateral-line organ. Artificial hair flow sensors arranged in a linear array shape (inspired by the lateral-line system (LSS) in fish) have been applied to measure airflow patterns at the sensor positions. Here, we take advantage of both biomimetic artificial hair-based flow sensors arranged as LSS and beamforming techniques to demonstrate dipole-source localization in air. Modelling and measurement results show the artificial lateral-line ability to image the position of dipole sources accurately with estimation error of less than 0.14 times the array length. This opens up possibilities for flow-based, near-field environment mapping that can be beneficial to, for example, biologists and robot guidance applications.

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Fan, Zhen Qin, Yan Heng Ma, Jian Dong, Xin Kai Chen, and Jun Meng. "Research on Layout of Active Decoy in Antagonizing ARM." Applied Mechanics and Materials 380-384 (August 2013): 4071–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.380-384.4071.

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Decoying technology is an effective mean to antagonize anti-radiation missile. Based on the basic principle of active decoy in antagonizing ARM, the critical resolution angle is clearly defined at first, and the scheme of active decoys is discussed in this paper. With wind speed, angular measuring error and lateral load failure considered, tow-source, three-source and four-source deploy scheme are presented and their operation effectiveness is simulated and analyzed. And under the condition that the distance between two radiation sources is changed, the operation effectiveness also is simulated. After contrast and analysis, three-source equilateral triangle layout is proved to be the most reasonable. The optimal distance also is given in this paper.

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Coombs, S. "Nearfield detection of dipole sources by the goldfish (Carassius auratus) and the mottled sculpin (Cottus bairdi)." Journal of Experimental Biology 190, no. 1 (May 1, 1994): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190.1.109.

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Surprisingly few behavioral data exist on dipole source detection by fish, despite the fact that dipole sources more closely approximate biologically relevant signals than do more nearly monopole sources such as loudspeakers, the stimulus used in nearly all fish auditory studies. In this study, dipole source detection is investigated for two fish species that differ in both their auditory and lateral line systems, the two systems capable of detecting dipole sources. Conditioned suppression of respiration in the goldfish and an unconditioned orienting response in the mottled sculpin were used to measure detection of a 6 mm diameter, sinusoidally vibrating sphere as a function of vibration frequency and source distance. Sound pressure thresholds for the goldfish were nearly independent of distance (15-60 mm) at 800 Hz, but increased with distance at 50 Hz, as they did for the mottled sculpin. The slopes of 50 Hz source level-distance functions, however, differed between the two species. Slopes for the goldfish were independent of distance, remaining at around 8 dB per distance doubling, which is near the 6 dB per distance doubling measured for sound pressure attenuation away from the source, but less than the 18 dB per distance doubling for incompressible flow, measured with an anemometer. Those for the mottled sculpin increased with increasing distance, approaching 18 dB per distance doubling. The nonlinear increase in source level necessary to reach threshold detection was quite similar to the nonlinear decrease in incompressible flow levels measured with the anemometer. Nonlinear increases with distance for 50 Hz sources near the trunk of the mottled sculpin were also similar to those near the head of the fish, where changes in source frequency had little effect on source level-distance functions. These results indicate that sound pressure detection by the ear is important for dipole detection by the goldfish, but that incompressible flow detection by the lateral line is more important for the mottled sculpin. They also indicate that fish such as the goldfish, with a pressure-sensitive swimbladder, are capable of detecting dipole sources at greater distances than are fish without such structures.

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Parthasarathi, Theivasigamani, Koothan Vanitha, Sendass Mohandass, Eli Vered, Varadaraju Meenakshi, Dharmalingam Selvakumar, Arumugam Surendran, and Naftali Lazarovitch. "Effect of Drip Irrigation on Growth, Physiology, Yield and Water Use of Rice." Journal of Agricultural Science 9, no. 1 (December 7, 2016): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v9n1p154.

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The field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of drip irrigation treatments such as three lateral distances (0.6 m, 0.8 m or 1.0 m lateral distance) on growth parameters physiological characters, yield and water use of rice under two discharge rates drippers (0.6 or 1.0 litre per hour emitters). Among the lateral distances, 0.8 m lateral distance adjudged as optimum spacing for its better performance in growth, physiological and yield attributes than rest of the lateral distances. Between two-discharge rates, 1.0 lph drippers out performed 0.6 lph drippers in grain yield. Interactively, laterals spaced at 0.8 m with 1.0 lph drippers exhibited better performance by way of growth parameters (such as plant height, tiller density, root biomass, total dry matter accumulation), physiological attributes (such as Yw, Chlorophyll content, Catalase activity and Malondialdehyde content), yield and its components (such as productive tillers, spikelet numbers, filled grain percentage, Harvest Index) along with water productivity. Drip irrigation confirms to increase in water productivity in the present study with water saving of 27.4% over the conventional aerobic rice cultivation. Enhanced physiological activities showed increased growth and yield in rice under 0.8 m lateral distance drip irrigation which is a viable tool for balanced source sink relation. Our results indicated that the lateral spacing of 0.8 m with 1.0 lph drippers is best for rice cultivation in enhancing the growth, physiology, grain yield and water productivity.

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Emerson, Jennifer L., John Frampton, and Steven E. McKeand. "Genetic Variation of Spring Frost Damage in 3-year-old Fraser Fir Christmas Tree Plantations." HortScience 41, no. 7 (December 2006): 1531–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.41.7.1531.

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A series of open-pollinated progeny tests of Fraser fir [Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.] was analyzed to determine genetic variation of spring frost damage to the terminal leader and lateral branches after a late season frost in May of the third year in the field. The level of spring frost damage was also compared with bud flush dates that had been measured in the nursery before field planting. Seed sources differed significantly for lateral branch frost damage, and families within source differed significantly for both terminal leader and lateral branch frost damage. Greater terminal and lateral frost damage were significantly associated with greater height for all years. As expected, parent elevation was negatively associated with progeny height. Less lateral frost damage was also associated with later terminal and lateral bud flush dates in the nursery. In addition, higher parent elevation was associated with later lateral bud flush dates of progeny in the nursery. Terminal and lateral bud flush dates in the nursery showed high individual tree within-population heritability values of 0.85 and 0.73, respectively. Similar heritability values for the frost damage measurements were low, 0.045 for terminal leader damage and 0.14 for lateral branch damage. Many of the fast-growing families quickly made up for any loss of height from frost damage so that frost damage should not greatly affect the rotation length.

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46

Brungart, Douglas S. "Three-Dimensional Auditory Localization of Nearby Sources." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 42, no. 21 (October 1998): 1531–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129804202114.

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Although the head-related transfer function (HRTF) is known to change substantially with distance when a source is located within 1 m of the listener's head, very little is known about auditory localization performance in this region. In this experiment, an acoustic point source was used to measure auditory localization accuracy in azimuth, elevation and distance. The overall directional error (16.5°) was similar to that measured in previous localization experiments with more distant sources, although the number of front-back reversals increased when the source was near the head. Distance localization was relatively accurate for lateral sources (stimulus-response correlation r>0.80) and relatively inaccurate for sources near the median plane, indicating that binaural difference cues are important to auditory distance perception for nearby sources. These results suggest that distance-dependent HRTFs measured for nearby sources could be used to provide robust binaural distance information in a virtual audio display.

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Pu, Yanyun, Zheyi Hang, Gaoang Wang, and Huan Hu. "Bionic Artificial Lateral Line Underwater Localization Based on the Neural Network Method." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 7241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147241.

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The lateral line system is an essential mechanosensory organ for organisms such as fish; it perceives the fluid environment in the near-field through the neuromasts on the lateral line system, supporting behaviors (e.g., obstacle avoidance and predation in fish). Inspired by the near-field perception ability of fish, we propose an artificial lateral line system composed of pressure sensors that respond to a target’s relative position by measuring the pressure change of the target vibration near the lateral line. Based on the shortcomings of the idealized constrained modeling approach, a multilayer perceptron network was built in this paper to process the pressure signal and predict the coordinates on a two-dimensional plane. Previous studies primarily focused on the localization of a single dipole source and rarely considered the localization of multiple vibration sources. In this paper, we explore the localization of numerous dipole sources of the same and different frequency vibrations based on the prediction of the two-dimensional coordinates of double dipoles. The experimental results show that the mutual interference of two vibration sources causes an increase in the localization error. Compared with multiple sources of vibration at the same frequency, the positioning accuracies of various vibration sources at different frequencies are higher. In addition, we explored the effects of the number of sensors on the localization results.

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Toresson, H., A. Mata de Urquiza, C. Fagerstrom, T. Perlmann, and K. Campbell. "Retinoids are produced by glia in the lateral ganglionic eminence and regulate striatal neuron differentiation." Development 126, no. 6 (March 15, 1999): 1317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.126.6.1317.

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In order to identify molecular mechanisms involved in striatal development, we employed a subtraction cloning strategy to enrich for genes expressed in the lateral versus the medial ganglionic eminence. Using this approach, the homeobox gene Meis2 was found highly expressed in the lateral ganglionic eminence and developing striatum. Since Meis2 has recently been shown to be upregulated by retinoic acid in P19 EC cells (Oulad-Abdelghani, M., Chazaud, C., Bouillet, P., Sapin, V., Chambon, P. and Dolle, P. (1997) Dev. Dyn. 210, 173–183), we examined a potential role for retinoids in striatal development. Our results demonstrate that the lateral ganglionic eminence, unlike its medial counterpart or the adjacent cerebral cortex, is a localized source of retinoids. Interestingly, glia (likely radial glia) in the lateral ganglionic eminence appear to be a major source of retinoids. Thus, as lateral ganglionic eminence cells migrate along radial glial fibers into the developing striatum, retinoids from these glial cells could exert an effect on striatal neuron differentiation. Indeed, the treatment of lateral ganglionic eminence cells with retinoic acid or agonists for the retinoic acid receptors or retinoid X receptors, specifically enhances their striatal neuron characteristics. These findings, therefore, strongly support the notion that local retinoid signalling within the lateral ganglionic eminence regulates striatal neuron differentiation.

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Rhee, Hyun‐Me, and Dong‐Hoon Sheen. "Lateral Variation in the Source Parameters of Earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 106, no. 5 (July 26, 2016): 2266–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120160085.

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Müller, S. G., R. Eckstein, D. Hofmann, E. Schmitt, W. Schoierer, A. Winnacker, W. Dorsch, and H. P. Strunk. "Micropipes and polytypism as a source of lateral inhomogeneities in SiC substrates." Materials Science and Engineering: B 44, no. 1-3 (February 1997): 392–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(96)01766-7.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Lateral source'

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