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1
Sundermeyer, Miles Aaron. Studies of lateral dispersion in the ocean. Woods Hole, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, 1998.
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2
F, Van Impe W., ed. Single piles and pile groups under lateral loading. Rotterdam: Balkema, 2001.
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3
Johnson, D. E. Investigation of interactions between limb-manipulator dynamics and effective vehicle roll control characteristics. Edwards, Calif: Ames Research Center, 1986.
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4
Wang, Hsien-Yi Sabrina. Properties and interactions of the medial and the lateral perforant pathways in rat dentate gyrus. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997.
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5
W, Boulanger Ross, Tokimatsu Kohji, University of California, Berkeley. Earthquake Engineering Research Center., American Society of Civil Engineers. Geo-Institute., and Tōkyō Kōgyō Daigaku. Toshi Jishin Kōgaku Sentā., eds. Seismic performance and simulation of pile foundations in liquefield and laterally spreading ground: Proceedings of a workshop, March 16-18, 2005, University of California, Davis, California. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005.
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6
Long Range Lateral Interaction in the On and Off Visual Pathways of Humans. Storming Media, 2004.
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7
Iskander, Magued, and Walid Aboumoussa. Rigidly Framed Earth Retaining Structures: Thermal Soil Structure Interaction of Buildings Supporting Unbalanced Lateral Earth Pressures. Springer, 2014.
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8
Iskander, Magued, and Walid Aboumoussa. Rigidly Framed Earth Retaining Structures: Thermal soil structure interaction of buildings supporting unbalanced lateral earth pressures. Springer, 2016.
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9
Iskander, Magued, and Walid Aboumoussa. Rigidly Framed Earth Retaining Structures: Thermal Soil Structure Interaction of Buildings Supporting Unbalanced Lateral Earth Pressures. Springer Berlin / Heidelberg, 2014.
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10
Reese, L. C., and William F. van Impe. Single piles and pile groups under lateral loading (HBK). Taylor & Francis, 2000.
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11
Harris, Brent T., Galam A. Khan, and Saed Sadeghi. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199937837.003.0029.
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Although the basic gross and microscopic pathological changes in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) have been known for more than 100 years, emerging technology and research into the cellular and molecular changes found in this disease are challenging our understanding about the pathogenesis and pathophysiology. All cell types of the CNS/PNS as well as circulating immune cells have been implicated in the pathology of ALS. Numerous genes, their proteins, and environmental factors have also been associated. However, we still do not understand the specific gene-environmental interactions that bring about and drive this devastating disease in most cases. This short chapter does not address the causal factors and molecular pathogeneses that have been hypothesized and actively researched in the pathology of ALS-as these are discussed in other sections of this text. Here, it shows and discusses the basic pathological changes at the tissue and cellular levels that help to establish the pathological diagnosis of ALS at autopsy.
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Hori, Michio, and Satoshi Takahashi. Lateral Asymmetry in Animals: Predator-Prey Interactions, Dynamics, and Evolution. Springer, 2022.
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13
Bradfield, Laura, Richard Morris, and Bernard W. Balleine. OCD as a Failure to Integrate Goal-Directed and Habitual Action Control. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0031.
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This chapter discusses the considerable research that has identified distinct functional circuits linking frontal cortex with the basal ganglia in the control of goal-directed and habitual actions. OCD is characterized by hyperactivity in a circuit involving some of these regions. Recent accounts of the interaction of goal-directed actions and habits suggest that these control processes interact hierarchically, so one alternative to current theories is that OCD reflects a dysfunction in this interactive process resulting in dysregulated action selection, whether that selection is driven by the outcome itself or by cues predicting the outcome. Importantly, it appears that both sources of action selection depend on the OFC—outcome based retrieval on the medial OFC and cue-related retrieval on the lateral OFC. From this perspective, therefore, hyperactivity of the OFC could produce both elevated outcome retrieval and increased responsiveness to outcomes-related cues, resulting in dysregulated action selection and compulsive action initiation as a consequence.
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Caga, Jashelle, and Matthew C. Kiernan. Bulbar dysfunction in ALS: Psychological implications. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757726.003.0015.
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Bulbar dysfunction typically manifests as speech and swallowing impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Timely assessment of changes in speech and swallowing is imperative, given its negative prognostic implication and impact on psychological well-being. The progressive loss of the ability to speak and swallow can also result in threats to the self-concept, which may compound issues with social interaction. The use of communication devices to accommodate loss of speech appears to be beneficial in reducing patient distress and caregiver burden. Implementation of interventions to manage problems eating secondary to swallowing impairment can also result in marked improvements in patients’ and caregivers’ quality of life. However, the success of these interventions depends on intact cognitive and behavioural functioning, which may be compromised in patients with bulbar dysfunction. Assessment of bulbar dysfunction should therefore be considered in the context of cognitive and behavioural change, to maximize patient and caregiver psychological well-being.
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Seismic Performace and Stimulation of Pile Foundations in Liquefued and Laterally Spreading Ground (Geotechnical Special Publication). American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005.
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16
Simmons, Philip. Learning to Fall: Recording the Blessings of an Imperfect Life (Interactive Journals). Peter Pauper Press, 2002.
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17
Succi, Sauro. Stochastic Particle Dynamics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199592357.003.0009.
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Dense fluids and liquids molecules are in constant interaction; hence, they do not fit into the Boltzmann’s picture of a clearcut separation between free-streaming and collisional interactions. Since the interactions are soft and do not involve large scattering angles, an effective way of describing dense fluids is to formulate stochastic models of particle motion, as pioneered by Einstein’s theory of Brownian motion and later extended by Paul Langevin. Besides its practical value for the study of the kinetic theory of dense fluids, Brownian motion bears a central place in the historical development of kinetic theory. Among others, it provided conclusive evidence in favor of the atomistic theory of matter. This chapter introduces the basic notions of stochastic dynamics and its connection with other important kinetic equations, primarily the Fokker–Planck equation, which bear a complementary role to the Boltzmann equation in the kinetic theory of dense fluids.
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D’Angour, Armand. The Musical Setting of Ancient Greek Texts. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794462.003.0003.
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This chapter discusses the relationship between melody and language in Homer, the musical fragment of Euripides’ Orestes, and the ‘Seikilos Song’. Readings of Homeric passages draw on statistical analysis of the pitch-structures of the hexameter to show how melody may have been used to mark significant junctures, bridge syntactically conjoined verses, and demarcate the narrative. The musical scores of the two later texts demonstrate the interaction of semantic meaning with melodic and rhythmical patterns, and contextualizes these interactions against the backdrop of wider developments in Greek performance culture. The (probably) Euripidean melody on the Vienna papyrus should be seen in relation to the techniques of the ‘New Musicians’, and viewed as a move towards a more emotionally ‘programmatic’ melodization. The chapter also argues for an overall continuity of techniques for creating musical effects from ancient Greek to later traditions of Western music.
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Seismic performance and simulation of pile foundations in liquefied and laterally spreading ground: Proceedings of a workshop, March 16-18, 2005, University of California, Davis, California. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006.
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20
Geier, János, and Mariann Hudák. Changing the Chevreul Illusion by a Background Luminance Ramp. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0044.
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The Chevreul illusion comprises adjacent homogeneous grey bands of different luminance, which are perceived as inhomogeneous. It is generally explained by lateral inhibition. When the Chevreul staircase is placed in a luminance ramp background, the illusion noticeably changes. Since all conditions of the lateral inhibition account are untouched within the staircase, lateral inhibition (which is a local model) fails to model these perceptual changes. Another ramp was placed around the staircase, whose direction was opposite to that of the original, larger ramp. The result here is that though the inner ramp is rather narrow, it still dominates perception. The chapter concludes that long-range interactions between boundary edges and areas enclosed by them provide a much more plausible account for these brightness phenomena, and local models are insufficient.
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Садовников, Василий. Теория гетерогенного катализа. Теория хемосорбции. Publishing House Triumph, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32986/978-5-40-10-01-2001.
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This monograph is a continuation of the monograph by V.V. Sadovnikov. Lateral interaction. Moscow 2006. Publishing house "Anta-Eco", 2006. ISBN 5-9730-0017-6. In this work, the foundations of the theory of heterogeneous catalysis and the theory of chemisorption are more easily formulated. The book consists of two parts, closely related to each other. These are the theoretical foundations of heterogeneous catalysis and chemisorption. In the theory of heterogeneous catalysis, an experiment is described in detail, which must be carried out in order to isolate the stages of a catalytic reaction, to find the stoichiometry of each of the stages. This experiment is based on the need to obtain the exact value of the specific surface area of the catalyst, the number of centers at which the reaction proceeds, and the output curves of each of the reaction products. The procedures for obtaining this data are described in detail. Equations are proposed and solved that allow calculating the kinetic parameters of the nonequilibrium stage and the thermodynamic parameters of the equilibrium stage. The description of the quantitative theory of chemisorption is based on the description of the motion of an atom along a crystal face. The axioms on which this mathematics should be based are formulated, the mathematical apparatus of the theory is written and the most detailed instructions on how to use it are presented. The first axiom: an atom, moving along the surface, is present only in places with minima of potential energy. The second axiom: the face of an atom is divided into cells, and the position of the atom on the surface of the face is set by one parameter: the cell number. The third axiom: the atom interacts with the surrounding material bodies only at the points of minimum potential energy. The fourth axiom: the solution of the equations is a map of the arrangement of atoms on the surface. The fifth axiom: quantitative equations are based on the concept of a statistically independent particle. The formation energies of these particles and their concentration are calculated by the developed program. The program based on these axioms allows you to simulate and calculate the interaction energies of atoms on any crystal face. The monograph is intended for students, post-graduate students and researchers studying work and working in petrochemistry and oil refining.
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Eichner, Heidrun. Handbooks in the Tradition of Later Eastern Ashʿarism. Edited by Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.024.
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Many of the classical manuals on Ashʿarite theology have been continuously and intensively used in Muslim theological instruction until today. However, the historical development of Ashʿarite doctrine remains significantly understudied, especially for the later period. Later Ashʿarism is widely considered to be a theological system codified in comprehensive handbooks such as Nāṣir al-Dīn al-Bayḍāwī’sTawāliʿ al-anwārand ʿAḍud al-Dīn al-Ījī’sKitāb al-Mawāqif. This article examines handbooks dealing with the later Ashʿarite tradition in the Eastern parts of the Islamic world. It first considers the interaction of Ashʿarite scholars with Māturīdite teachings during the Ilkhanid period, focusing on an important document of Māturīdism: Shams al Dīn al-Samarqandī’sal-Ṣaḥīfa al-ilāhiyyaand the author’s own commentary, theKitāb al-Maʿārif fī sharḥ al-Ṣaḥāʾif. It then discusses Ashʿarism’s interaction with the philosophical tradition, as well as several importantkalāmworks such as those by al-Shahrastānī and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī. It also analyses al-Bayḍāwī’sṬawāliʿ, al-Ījī’sMawāqif, and al-Samarqandī’sṢaḥāʾif. In particular, it outlines the sections of theṬawāliʿfocusing on the divine ‘self’ (dhāt), prophecy, afterlife, and imamate.
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Anderson, Atholl. The Prehistory of South Polynesia. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.025.
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Southern Polynesia, including New Zealand, the outlying Norfolk, Kermadec, Chatham, and Auckland Island groups was colonized after A.D. 1200 by populations from Central East Polynesia. Interaction between Eastern Polynesian and Southern Polynesian populations ceased soon after colonization, although interaction between the various outlying islands and the New Zealand population continued for possibly another 200 years. Early New Zealand populations exploited plentiful moa, a large flightless bird, and pinnipeds as food sources, hunting the former to extinction. Later horticultural activities, especially in the more clement North Island, focused on kumara or sweet potato. Although Maori society was never as hierarchical as East Polynesian populations, there is abundant archaeological and ethnographic evidence of later complex social and political systems, exchange or distribution networks for utilitarian and prestige goods, and extensive competition between groups, most prominently indicated by the approximately 7,000 fortified sites or pa distributed largely within horticultural landscapes.
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Dirks, Evelien. The Development of Young Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Children. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190880545.003.0018.
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Early parent–child interactions influence children’s later linguistic, social-emotional, and cognitive development. Since deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children are more at risk for difficulties in their development than hearing children, the caregiving environment is an important context to enhance their development. This chapter describes different aspects of parent–child interactions that are related to the development of young DHH children. Parental language input, mental state language, and sensitivity are related to young DHH children’s language skills, social-emotional development, and executive functions. The chapter addresses parent-based interventions to promote DHH children’s linguistic, social-emotional, and cognitive development.
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Creaser, John. Milton and the Resources of the Line. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864253.001.0001.
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Abstract Whereas prose is written in sentences, poetry is written in lines, lines that may or may not coincide with the syntax of the sentence. Lines add an aural and visual mode of punctuation through bringing some degree of pause and sense of weight at the line-turn. So lineation, the division of poetry into lines, opens a repertoire of possibilities to the poet. Notably, it encourages an enhanced concentration on meaning, rhythm, and sound. It makes metrical patterns possible, with interactions between regularity and deviation; or the presence or absence of structural rhyme; or the multiple variations of the line-turn, whether in harmony with syntax or overflowing in ways either more or less conspicuous. This book develops ways for exploring the expressive resources of the verse line through concentration on the greatest of English poets, John Milton. Topics examined include: the interaction of strictness and freedom in the rhythms of Milton’s line and paragraph; the interfusion of diverse prosodies in a single poem; approaches to free verse; rhyme in the earlier lyric verse and modes of near-rhyme in the later blank verse; the diverse modes of onomatopoeia; and the complex interweavings of prosody and ideology in this very political poet. The great themes and issues and characters of Milton’s innovative and always controversial poetry are perceived afresh, being approached intimately through the rich possibilities of the line. The insights of the approach will illuminate the reading of any poetry.
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Schmidtke, Sabine, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theology. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.001.0001.
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The Oxford Handbook of Islamic Theologyprovides a comprehensive and authoritative survey of the current state of the field. It provides a variegated picture of the state of the art and at the same time suggests new directions for future research. Part One covers the various strands of Islamic theology during the formative and early middle periods, rational as well as scripturalist. To demonstrate the continuous interaction among the various theological strands and its repercussions (during the formative and early middle period and beyond), Part Two offers a number of case studies. These focus on specific theological issues that have developed through the dilemmatic and often polemical interactions between the different theological schools and thinkers. Part Three covers Islamic theology during the later middle and early modern periods. One of the characteristics of this period is the growing amalgamation of theology with philosophy (Peripatetic and Illuminationist) and mysticism. Part Four addresses the impact of political and social developments on theology through a number of case studies: the famous miḥna instituted by al-Maʾmūn (r. 189/813-218/833) as well as the miḥna to which Ibn ʾAqīl (d. 769/1367) was subjected; the religious policy of the Almohads; as well as the shifting interpretations throughout history (particularly during Mamluk and Ottoman times) of the relation between Ashʿarism and Māturidism that were often motivated by political motives. Part Five considers Islamic theological thought from the end of the early modern and during the modern period.
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Humphreys, S. C. Kinship in Ancient Athens. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788249.001.0001.
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The book covers Athenian kinship from Drakon and Solon to Menander (with some references to later developments). It uses a wide range of sources: epigraphic, literary/forensic, and archaeological. It provides an ethnographic ‘thick description’ of Athenians’ interaction with their kin in all contexts: legal relations (adoption, guardianship, marriage, inheritance, disputes in and out of court); economic interaction (property, economic independence/dependence of sons in relation to fathers); training in specialist skills (doctors, actors, artists), loans, guarantees, etc.; rituals (naming, rites de passage, funerals and commemoration, dedications, cultic associations); war (military commands, organization of land and sea forces); and political contexts, both informal (hetaireiai) and formal (Assembly, Council). Volume II deals with corporate groups recruited by patrifiliation: tribes and trittyes (both pre-Kleisthenic and Kleisthenic), phratries, genê, and demes. The section on the demes stresses variety rather than common features, and provides up-to-date information on location and prosopography.
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Scales, Len. Central and Late Medieval Europe. Edited by Donald Bloxham and A. Dirk Moses. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199232116.013.0015.
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This article examines genocide in the Central and late Medieval Europe. The existence of peoples in Europe in the central and later Middle Ages reflected the facts of power: for contemporaries, ethnic communities were axiomatically political ones. Where the interactions of different peoples were most intensive, stress-laden, and ideologically and politically charged, acts of ethnic destruction were anticipated, and in some quarters sought most keenly. Outright ethnic destruction was most likely to occur where political subjugation was reinforced by fundamental religious difference. Pagans, Muslims, and Jews, but also, in an age of sharpened conceptions of religious orthodoxy, adherents of false forms of Christianity, were singled out for extreme solutions. For the rest, the history of this long period is partly one of how, through more intensive and precisely defined interactions, different imagined ethnic groups evolved forms of coexistence and mutual accommodation.
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McBurney, John W. Pesticides and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190490911.003.0008.
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Neurodegenerative diseases, which are characterized by neuronal degeneration, include Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Their worldwide prevalence is increasing as the global population ages. The causes reflect interactions between genetics and environmental factors such as increasing urbanization, industrialization, and widespread use of chemicals, including insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides. Epidemiologic data suggest that exposure to many of these pesticides increases the risk of neurodegeneration. The best-defined mechanism for this association is mitochondrial toxicity resulting in increased reactive oxygen species. In PD and AD, the associated accumulation of aggregates of insoluble, misfolded proteins results in the formation of Lewy bodies and neurofibrillary tangles, respectively. Pesticide exposures can be reduced by modifying food choices and applying integrated pest management in schools, businesses, and homes. Medical professionals can counsel patients about limiting exposure to pesticides and decreasing the risk of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Howlett, David J. Reforming Identities, Reframing Pilgrimage, 1900–1965. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038488.003.0004.
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This chapter narrates Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints' and Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints' interactions at the sacred shrine from 1900 to 1964. The sometimes awkward early twentieth-century meetings between these two groups set the patterns for later interactions at the temple. A rich folklore about the temple was generated by the two competing denominations, and they shared in disseminating tales to one another. In the process, they reconstructed the Kirtland Temple's history to meet their present denomination's needs. In many ways, the Kirtland Temple proved to be a mirror for these groups, reflecting the image of the beholder. That the other group could not see the same image proved an obvious point of contention. At the same time, the temple began to be more physically accessible to members of both churches as an American tourist industry arose that would transform pilgrimage to the temple.
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Rankine, Patrice. Dignity in Homer and Classical Greece. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199385997.003.0002.
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A universal or formal claim to human dignity is absent from Homer and later Greek literature. Indeed, the period lacks the language to support a formal claim. Notwithstanding this assertion, it would be a mistake to dismiss the overwhelming evidence suggesting that the substance of a concept of dignity existed in Homeric and later Greece. Dignity is a concept similar to what Orlando Patterson argues regarding "freedom," in Freedom in the Making of Western Civilization: it is a widespread human value that does not have to be articulated, argued for, or formalized until extensive threats to it appear, along with the possibility of its loss. Interactions between and among Homeric characters support a deep awe and reverence that raises individuals above a price, whether they be slave or free, and this treatment extends to animals and nature in Homer, as the evidence shows.
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Morris, Jeremy. Liberalism Protestant and Catholic. Edited by Stewart J. Brown, Peter Nockles, and James Pereiro. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199580187.013.29.
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This chapter explores the interaction of the Oxford Movement and its followers with Liberalism during the nineteenth century. It analyses the diverse interpretations of Liberalism early in the period, including the political and religious versions, and it traces both the tensions and the points of contact between Tractarianism and Liberal Protestantism. It describes the changing relations between Tractarianism and Liberal Protestantism as a move from conflict towards accommodation. It then proceeds to discuss Liberal Catholicism as a term which encompassed two very different movements, one associated with French Catholicism and influencing the leaders of the Oxford Movement, and the other expressing, later in the century, a development within Anglican High Churchmanship that owed much to Tractarianism but also encompassed key points of difference.
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Lappenküper, Ulrich, and Ulf Morgenstern, eds. Überzeugungen, Wandlungen und Zuschreibungen. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845291284.
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The statesman Otto von Bismarck epitomised political thinking and practical politics in equal measure. Germany’s most significant political leader in the nineteenth century, he was profoundly influenced by the principal political currents of the period, but he also left his mark on them in the course of a political career that lasted some five decades. In this volume of essays, twelve leading experts examine the interaction between Bismarck’s political thought and his political practice and the later reception of this process. This book is aimed at readers interested in history and political ideas. With contributions by Michael Epkenhans, Andreas Fahrmeir, Ewald Frie, Lothar Höbelt, Hans-Christof Kraus, Ulrich Lappenküper, Ulf Morgenstern, Christoph Nonn, Christoph Nübel, Martin Otto, T. G. Otte and Johannes Willms
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Mercati, Flavio. Origins of the Mach–Poincaré Principle. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789475.003.0003.
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The problem with the definition of inertia was solved, in the simple case of free point particles, by Tait, who introduced the concept of inertial frame. Tait’s solution would have satisfied Leibniz’ request that inertia be determined dynamically, however it only works in the absence of interactions between the material bodies. Later Mach posed again the question of the origin of inertia, suggesting the idea that it should be dynamical, which was later dubbed ‘Mach’s principle’. Moreover Mach criticized also Newton’s absolute time, and introduced the basic idea of temporal relationalism, i.e. that time should be a concept that is abstracted from change and has no independent existence. This idea is at the basis of SD and many other relational approaches to physics. This chapter concludes with the Barbour–Bertotti formulation of Mach’s principle, which they called ‘Mach–Poincaré Principle’. This formulation removes the vagueness of Mach’s original idea, and puts the principle into a precise mathematical form, which is one of the basic axioms of SD.
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Franklin, Caroline. The Novel of Sensibility in the 1780s. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199574803.003.0009.
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This chapter studies the novels of sensibility in the 1780s. The philosophy of John Locke, Anthony Ashley Cooper, third Earl of Shaftesbury, Adam Smith, and Francis Hutcheson had influenced the first wave of epistolary novels of sensibility beginning in the 1740s. These explored the interaction between emotion and reason in producing moral actions. Response to stimuli was minutely examined, especially the relationship between the psychological and physiological manifestations of feelings. Later in the century, and, in particular during the late 1780s when the novel enjoyed a surge in popularity, the capacity for fine feeling became increasingly valued for its own sake rather than moralized. Ultimately, sensibility should be seen as a long-lasting literary movement rather than an ephemeral fashion. It put paternal authority and conventional modes of masculinity under question.
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Zhou, Yin. Adaptation and Assimilation of Buddhism in China as reflected in Monastic Architecture. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190278359.003.0014.
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This chapter takes Buddhist architecture as an example of the dynamic interchange between East and West and the compromise between the original Indian style and native Chinese architecture so as to help demonstrate the transformation process of Buddhism in China during the first through sixth centuries CE. This chapter tries to point out that early medieval Buddhist monasteries, particularly the official ones, were constructed following Indian and Central Asian designs. These foreign types of monasteries brought in a new kind of religious architecture to China, which was later fused into the preexisting architectural culture and evolved into the distinct layout of Buddhist temple adopting the traditional Chinese residential design. This is a concrete and material way to contribute to the understanding of the interaction between a new faith and an old society.
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Holroyd, Christopher R., Nicholas C. Harvey, Mark H. Edwards, and Cyrus Cooper. Environment. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0038.
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Musculoskeletal disease covers a broad spectrum of conditions whose aetiology comprises variable genetic and environmental contributions. More recently it has become clear that, particularly early in life, the interaction of gene and environment is critical to the development of later disease. Additionally, only a small proportion of the variation in adult traits such as bone mineral density has been explained by specific genes in genome-wide association studies, suggesting that gene-environment interaction may explain a much larger part of the inheritance of disease risk than previously thought. It is therefore critically important to evaluate the environmental factors which may predispose to diseases such as osteorthritis, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis both at the individual and at the population level. In this chapter we describe the environmental contributors, across the whole life course, to osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as exemplar conditions. We consider factors such as age, gender, nutrition (including the role of vitamin D), geography, occupation, and the clues that secular changes of disease pattern may yield. We describe the accumulating evidence that conditions such as osteoporosis may be partly determined by the early interplay of environment and genotype, through aetiological mechanisms such as DNA methylation and other epigenetic phenomena. Such studies, and those examining the role of environmental influences across other stages of the life course, suggest that these issues should be addressed at all ages, starting from before conception, in order to optimally reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in future generations.
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Holroyd, Christopher R., Nicholas C. Harvey, Mark H. Edwards, and Cyrus Cooper. Environment. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199642489.003.0038_update_001.
Full textAbstract:
Musculoskeletal disease covers a broad spectrum of conditions whose aetiology comprises variable genetic and environmental contributions. More recently it has become clear that, particularly early in life, the interaction of gene and environment is critical to the development of later disease. Additionally, only a small proportion of the variation in adult traits such as bone mineral density has been explained by specific genes in genome-wide association studies, suggesting that gene-environment interaction may explain a much larger part of the inheritance of disease risk than previously thought. It is therefore critically important to evaluate the environmental factors which may predispose to diseases such as osteorthritis, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis both at the individual and at the population level. In this chapter we describe the environmental contributors, across the whole life course, to osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and rheumatoid arthritis, as exemplar conditions. We consider factors such as age, gender, nutrition (including the role of vitamin D), geography, occupation, and the clues that secular changes of disease pattern may yield. We describe the accumulating evidence that conditions such as osteoporosis may be partly determined by the early interplay of environment and genotype, through aetiological mechanisms such as DNA methylation and other epigenetic phenomena. Such studies, and those examining the role of environmental influences across other stages of the life course, suggest that these issues should be addressed at all ages, starting from before conception, in order to optimally reduce the burden of musculoskeletal disorders in future generations.
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Phillips, Angus. Trade Publishing. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574797.003.0012.
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Trade publishing at Oxford University Press included those titles aimed at a broader audience, including general non-fiction, illustrated histories and encyclopedias, World’s Classics, and children’s books. Originally a separate operation of the London Business, overseas trade publishing later devolved to the branches while domestic trade titles were amalgamated into the Oxford academic lists. Trade titles involved a higher level of risk, deeper discounts to booksellers, larger author royalty payments, and investment in marketing and sales. The Press gradually minimized these risks by introducing greater oversight from the Delegates on manuscript selection, and by reducing the number of individual titles and concentrating on series. The chapter highlights the significant series and individual trade titles from across the Press, and considers the trade list both in its interaction with OUP’s wider academic and scholarly interests and within the context of commercial trade publishing.
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Sun, Ken Chih-Yan. Time and Migration. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501754876.001.0001.
Full textAbstract:
Based on longitudinal ethnographic work on migration between the United States and Taiwan, this book interrogates how long-term immigrants negotiate their needs as they grow older and how transnational migration shapes later-life transitions. The author of the book develops the concept of a “temporalities of migration” to examine the interaction between space, place, and time. The book demonstrates how long-term settlement in the United States, coupled with changing homeland contexts, has inspired aging immigrants and returnees to rethink their sense of social belonging, remake intimate relations, and negotiate opportunities and constraints across borders. The interplay between migration and time shapes the ways aging migrant populations reassess and reconstruct relationships with their children, spouses, grandchildren, community members, and home, as well as host societies. Aging, the book argues, is a global issue and must be reconsidered in a cross-border environment.
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Hutchinson, G. O. Brutus and His Mirrors (Brutus 10.4–6, 13.7–10, 29.2–3, 40.7–8). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821717.003.0009.
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This chapter and the next look at the Life of Brutus. This chapter looks at all the passages in the Life which display rhythmic density by the criteria given in ch. 3. Notably, they do not appear at the peaks of action—such as Caesar’s assassination or Brutus’ suicide; rather they involve moments of comparison and reflection. Three of them confront Brutus with Cassius, a central comparative concern internal to the Life: an explicit and sustained comparison of character, and two scenes of interaction, including a point where Brutus looks back on his own life. The other moment confronts Brutus with his brave wife, Porcia. Two of the passages also involve comparison with another vital figure of the Life, the Younger Cato. One of the passages is closely similar to the later Appian, and shows us Plutarch reshaping a source
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Zick, Timothy. Abortion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190841416.003.0007.
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Chapter 6 examines the relationship between the Free Speech Clause and reproductive rights, specifically the Due Process Clause-based right to obtain an abortion. It explores early intersections between free speech and abortion rights, and also examines the circumstances and effects of their later intersections. The chapter focuses in particular on the controversies surrounding protests and other speech activities at or near abortion clinics, which significantly affected abortion rights discourse in the United States. These interactions also influenced interpretations of both reproductive and free speech rights. The chapter critically assesses the manner in which free speech concerns have tended to crowd out concerns about reproductive rights, and suggests some ways in which we might the relationship between free speech and abortion rights.
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Geismer, Lily. A Multiracial World. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691157238.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the Metropolitan Council for Educational Opportunity (METCO) and its commitment to equal opportunity and changing individual attitudes through one-on-one interaction. While METCO offered a rare example of interracial and urban–suburban cooperation, its focus on collective benefits rather than collective responsibility had wide-ranging consequences. Tracing the development of METCO offers an important case study of the trade-offs that suburban liberal activists made in their quests to achieve social justice. The organizers' pragmatic approach ensured the acceptance of the program in the suburbs and paved the way for later support of diversity claims about the value of affirmative action. This strategy, nevertheless, fortified the consumer-based and individualist dimensions of the Route 128 political culture. It ultimately made community members more resistant to grappling with the systemic and historical circumstances that necessitated programs like METCO and affirmative action in the first place.
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Hardy, Duncan. Lordship and Administration. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827252.003.0005.
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The Holy Roman Empire, and especially Upper Germany, was notoriously politically fragmented in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries. A common way to interpret this fragmentation has been to view late medieval lordships, particularly those ruled by princes, as incipient ‘territories’, or even ‘territorial states’. However, this over-simplifies and reifies structures of lordship and administration in this period, which consisted of shifting agglomerations of assets, revenues, and jurisdictions that were dispersed among and governed by interconnected networks of political actors. Seigneurial properties and rights had become separable, commoditized, and highly mobile by the later middle ages, and these included not only fiefs (Lehen) but also loan-based pledges (Pfandschaften) and offices, all of which could be sold, transferred, or even ruled or exercised by multiple parties at once, whether these were princes, nobles, or urban elites. This fostered intensive interaction between formally autonomous political actors, generating frictions and disputes.
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Cochrane, Ethan E. Ancient Fiji. Edited by Ethan E. Cochrane and Terry L. Hunt. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199925070.013.016.
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Like the other archipelagos of Remote Oceania, Fiji was colonized by Lapita voyagers approximately 1000 b.c. Over the subsequent three millennia, Fijian populations underwent considerable change, resulting in the unique cultural, biological, and linguistic characteristics that differentiate Fiji from populations in both Polynesia to the east and Melanesia to the west. This essay summarizes the Lapita archaeology of the archipelago and later culture history including change in ceramic horizons, the spatial scale of interaction within the archipelago, and potential migrations into Fiji from other island groups. The rise of Fijian chiefdoms is also examined with these polities closely linked to increasing competition, fortifications, and defendable agricultural resources. Finally, artifactual, linguistic, and biological data characterizing Fijian populations are examined, and it is concluded that the generalization of Fiji as “not quite Melanesian, not quite Polynesian” can best be explained within a cultural transmission framework that separates analogous and homologous similarity.
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Belgrad, Daniel. Improvisation, Democracy, and Feedback. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.003.
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In the 1960s and 1970s, improvisational artists explored the use of feedback, both as a creative method and a model of the self in relation to its social and physical environment. As an alternative to centralized authority structures, feedback loops could be used to organize decentralized events or activities. The result would be a self-informing system, or autopoiesis. This idea informed the new field of cybernetics and the social philosophy of Paul Goodman and Gregory Bateson. Max Neuhaus’s realization of John Cage’s composition,Fontana Mix—Feed, made use of this structure, as did his later broadcast works,Public SupplyandRadio Net, and the dance form of “contact improvisation” developed by Steve Paxton. In these works, attention to the dynamics of interaction (“deutero-learning”) fostered an improvisational style based on a heightened environmental awareness rather than an exteriorization of the internal psyche, thus pioneering the postmodern, networked self.
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Watson, Marilyn. Laura’s Students One and Seven Years Later. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190867263.003.0013.
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In the third year, Laura took a leave through November to help settle her newly adopted child. Her students missed her and, when she returned, some seemed to have reverted to their original untrusting selves. Soon, their trust in Laura and in themselves was restored. Would that trust remain? Seven years later, I interviewed 9 of the 14 students still in the school district. All remembered Laura and the class fondly. Eight had detailed memories of their interactions with Laura, and the life skills and attitudes they learned in her class. Of the six students who were judged insecurely attached when they entered Laura’s class, four appeared successful and confident and two were currently failing most of their courses. Possible causes for the long-term success of some students and failure of others are discussed.
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Bever, Thomas G. The Unity of Consciousness and the Consciousness of Unity. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190464783.003.0005.
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Every language-learning child eventually automatically segments the organization of word sequences into natural units. Within the natural units, processing of normal conversation reveals a disconnect between listener’s representation of the sound and meaning of utterances. A compressed or absent word at a point early in a sequence is unintelligible until later acoustic information, yet listeners think they perceived the earlier sounds and their interpretation as they were heard. This discovery has several implications: Our conscious unified experience of language as we hear and simultaneously interpret it is partly reconstructed in time-suspended “psychological moments”; the “poverty of the stimulus language learning problem” is far graver than usually supposed; the serial domain where such integration occurs may be the “phase,” which unifies the serial percept with structural assignment and meanings; every level of language processing overlaps with others in a “computational fractal”; each level analysis-by-synthesis interaction of associative-serial and structure dependent processes.
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Thurner, Christina. Affect, Discourse, and Dance before 1900. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036767.003.0002.
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This chapter analyzes aesthetic treatises that historicize claims that see dance as an art of expression that projects emotions in an immediate fashion. Such a mythical understanding often prevails up to today. It emphasizes that important aspects of a major event in the history of dance—ballet reform in the eighteenth century—were actually prescribed in aesthetic discourse before their implementation on stage. The chapter also provides crucial historical background to the renewed interest in expression in dance after 1900. It shows that, from the eighteenth century onwards, the discourse of dance for the most part ignored the parameters that allow us to perceive the interaction between dancers and audience as immediate, as the double movement of an emotional relationship in motion. This made perfect sense in the context of ballet reform, and the associated paradigm shift toward a sensualist aesthetic, but it has only limited application to later developments in the art of dance.
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Lane, Christel. The Social Identity of Hosts and Patrons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826187.003.0003.
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This chapter analyses inns, taverns, and public houses in their social context, exploring their organizational identity and the social positions of their owners/tenants. It examines how patrons express their class, gender, and national identity by participation in different kinds of sociality. Seventeenth- and eighteenth-century hostelries afforded more opportunities for cross-class sociability than in later centuries. Social mixing was facilitated because the venues fulfilled multiple economic, social, and political functions, thereby providing room for social interaction apart from communal drinking and eating. Yet, even in these earlier centuries, each type of hostelry already had a distinctive class character, shaping its organizational identity. Division along lines of class hardened, and social segregation increased in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, up to World War II. In the post-War era, increased democratization of society at large became reflected in easier social mixing in pubs. Despite this democratization, during the late twentieth century the dominant image of pubs as a working-class institution persisted.