Journal articles: 'LATERAL DRIFT'

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Feng, Xue, Xi-fu Wang, and Dong-fan Xie. "Lateral Drift Behavior Analysis in Mixed Bicycle Traffic: A Cellular Automaton Model Approach." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7962171.

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Bicycle movements are always associated with lateral drifts. However, the impacts of lateral drift behavior, as well as variable lateral clearance maintaining behavior due to the variation of drift intensity, on mixed bicycle flow are not clear. This paper establishes a new cellular automata model to study typical characteristics of mixed bicycle traffic induced by lateral drift and its accompanying behavior. Based on derived positive correlation between passing speed and drift speed through survey, the occurrence probability of lateral drift and the degree of maintained lateral clearance are both introduced in accordance with the variance of passing speed. Then, in whole density region, firm conformity between simulation results and actual survey data is reached, which has seldom been achieved in previous studies. It is further verified that speed distortions in intermediate and high density region induced by assumption of constant lateral clearance requirements can be revised by introducing its variability characteristics. In addition, two contrastive impacts of lateral drift behavior are observed. That is, it causes speed fluctuation in low density while alleviating the speed fluctuation in relatively high density. These results are expected to be helpful to improve the simulation performance of mixed bicycle flow as well as depict more realistic vehicle-bicycle conflicts and so on.

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Jansen, H. "A Pascalian lateral drift sensor." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 831 (September 2016): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2016.01.092.

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Tan, Qiang, Jun Liang Yuan, and Jin Gen Deng. "Study on the Variations of Corner and Load on Bottom Ball Joint of Deep-Water Drilling Riser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 318 (May 2013): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.318.547.

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As the offshore drilling expands to deep water, the influences of bottom ball joint corner and lateral force on drilling security become increasingly significant. During the force analysis, the environmental factors (e.g. wind, sea-flow force, sea ice, etc.) are usually taken into account. Besides, the engineering factors considered in research are top tension ratio and drilling vessel drift. In this paper, a finite element model is established by ANSYS to imitate the force condition of marine riser, so as to analyze the influence laws of top tension ratio and drilling vessel drift rate on marine riser stability (i.e. the corner and lateral force on bottom ball joint ) in Beaufort force scale 3 and 8 windy conditions. The results show that the lateral force increases with the drilling vessel drift rate and top tension ratio accordingly by linear mode. For the same tension increasing extent, the greater the drilling vessel drifts, the more increasing range the lateral force appears. The corner on bottom ball joint has a linear relation with the drilling vessel drift rate similarly. However, the corner on the bottom ball joint demonstrates a non-linear decreasing method as “fast followed by slow” due to the increasing top tension ratio. The research plays a role in the security assurance of sub-sea wellhead in deep-water drilling operation.

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Alizadeh, Saeid, Gregory A. MacRae, Des Bull, and George Charles Clifton. "Beam Web-Side-Plate Connection Axial Performance." Key Engineering Materials 763 (February 2018): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.763.174.

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A number of beam web side plate connection configurations are analyzed under monotonic axial force. Parameters investigated include (i) gravity loads causing a beam shear up to 60% of the capacity, (ii) column lateral drift, (iii) beam lateral restraint along the length, (iv) packing effect represent the practice when plates do not align perfectly, and (v) cope length. For the analyses conducted, gravity shear forces up to 0.6 times of the cleat plate gross shear capacity, reduced the connection compressive axial strength by up to 15% compared to connections without gravity loads. The connection axial strength varied by 10% with lateral drifts of up to 2% and the increase or decrease depended on the relative directions of drift and axial force. Also, axial strength of double-coped WSP connection decreased linearly with increasing the cope length. Other parameters were found to have less than 2% effect on the web side plate axial strength. A general simple design method to assess axial strength of these connections is proposed.

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Sofi, Massoud, Graham Leighton Hutchinson, and Colin Duffield. "Review of Techniques for Predicting the Fundamental Period of Multi-Storey Buildings: Effects of Nonstructural Components." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 15, no. 02 (February 3, 2015): 1450039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455414500394.

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The design of lateral load resisting elements of tall buildings in regions of low to moderate seismicity is normally governed by the requirements to meet inter-storey drift limit under wind load. The key objective of the design of tall buildings is to provide adequate lateral stiffness to the buildings to limit their lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts under the lateral load. The current design practice assumes that only the structural skeleton provides lateral resistance against wind load. Although the effects of nonstructural elements on the lateral stiffness are widely acknowledged, the effects are often ignored in the analysis of the buildings. This paper presents a state-of-the-art of review on the effects of nonstructural elements on the lateral deflections and inter-storey drifts of buildings at serviceability limit states. It was found that ignoring the nonstructural elements could significantly underestimate the lateral deflection for certain types of buildings. However, the shape and form of the lateral deflection in the overall building is not significantly affected by the nonstructural elements.

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Yin, Yanna, Huiying Wen, Lu Sun, and Wei Hou. "Study on the Influence of Road Geometry on Vehicle Lateral Instability." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (October 7, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7943739.

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According to the accident analysis of vehicles in the curve, the skidding, rollover, and lateral drift of vehicles are determined as means to evaluate the lateral stability of vehicles. The utility truck of rear-wheel drive (RWD) is researched, which is high accident rate. Human-vehicle-road simulation models are established by CarSim. Through the orthogonal experiment method, the effects of different road geometries, speed, and interaction factors between road geometries on vehicle lateral stability are studied. In this paper, skidding risk of the vehicle is characterized by the Side-way Force Coefficient (SFC). Rollover risk of the vehicle is characterized by lateral acceleration and the load transfer ratio. Lateral drift risk of the vehicle is characterized by the sideslip angle of wheels. The results of orthogonal analysis reveal that the maximum tire-road friction coefficient and speed are highly significant in skidding of the vehicle. The effects of the combination of horizontal alignment and superelevation on vehicle skidding are important. The effects of horizontal alignment and speed on vehicle rollover risk are highly significant. The effects of superelevation on vehicle rollover risk are significant. The effects of the interaction of horizontal alignment and superelevation are also important on vehicles’ rollover risk. The speed and the maximum tire-road friction coefficient have highly significant effect on the vehicle’s lateral drift. The superelevation has a significant effect on the vehicle’s lateral drift. The effects of the interaction of horizontal alignment and superelevation and longitudinal slope are also important on the lateral drift of the vehicle.

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Vestling, L., J. Olsson, and K. H. Eklund. "Drift region optimization of lateral RESURF devices." Solid-State Electronics 46, no. 8 (August 2002): 1177–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0038-1101(02)00016-3.

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Šonský, J., H. Valk, J. Huizenga, R. W. Hollander, C. W. E. van Eijk, and P. M. Sarro. "Silicon drift detector with reduced lateral diffusion:." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 439, no. 2-3 (January 2000): 513–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-9002(99)00939-0.

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Waluś, Konrad J. "Experimental Determination of Vehicle Lateral Drift Characteristics under Laboratory Conditions." Applied Mechanics and Materials 232 (November 2012): 836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.836.

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Safe driving requires from the driver several visual-mental activities (perception, recognition and decide) and manual activities relating to the implementation of specific movements. Vehicle responding to the given force is subjected a three axial loads that are transferred through the frictional coupling of tire and pavement Generated during the movement, in particular, curvilinear, lateral drift forces act directly on the tire tread and indirectly by steering to the driver. The value of these forces depends on the angle of the lateral drift, motion parameters and surface type. The paper presents results of experimental determination of lateral forces on the drift the running machine with five-component hub.

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Sharapov, Dmitriy A., Tesfaldet H. Gebre, and Yusuf M. Ali. "The effect of story drift in a multi-story building under the influence of an earthquake." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 17, no. 3 (October 24, 2021): 270–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2021-17-3-270-277.

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This paper content is structure subjected sudden story drift as a result from earthquakes, forming hinges and eventually collapsing. The aim of this paper is to develop building thirty story building for seismic in Khartoum using finite element method (FEM) and the equivalent lateral force (ELF) procedure of American code ASCE 7-16. In current work the thirty-story reinforced concrete building was considered is to analyze the seismic behavior of the reinforced concrete structure to find the drift between the story by finding the maximum displacement from the program that causes the building to collapse, by choosing the shear wall as the support system to resist the lateral load and by looking to model the building inclined to the horizontal plane. Calculations were also made on the drift between the story to compare with the allowable drift. It is implemented in the Robot structural program - an ingenious program for designing and analyzing lateral (seismic) loads.

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Velyka, A., and H. Jansen. "Development and simulations of Enhanced Lateral Drift Sensors." Journal of Instrumentation 14, no. 05 (May 7, 2019): C05005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/14/05/c05005.

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UCHIMURA, Hitoshi, Kazuhide SATO, Akira WADA, and Seiji KOKUSHO. "STEEL STRUCTURE IMPROVEMENT METHOD FOCUSING ON LATERAL DRIFT." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 61, no. 485 (1996): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijs.61.73_2.

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Md Fudzee, Mohd Faiz, and Nor Hayati Hamid. "Seismic Performance of Insulated Sandwich Wall Panel Subjected to Lateral Cyclic Loading." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 1020–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.1020.

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In this paper, the seismic performance of the insulated sandwich wall panel is studied. Two samples W1 and W2 of Insulated Sandwich Wall Panel (ISWP) were tested under in-plane lateral cyclic loading. The difference between W1 and W2 is the numbers of wall plug used in order to hold the specimen in standing parallel position. Four wall plugs used for W1 meanwhile eleven wall plugs used for W2. ISWP is placed axially on top of the foundation beam. The concrete block is slotted on top of the wall panel as load transfer from the roof. The aspect ratio of the specimen is Ar = H/B = 1.97 and slenderness ratio is λ = H/t = 36.92. The testing is conducted with small percent of drift which is 0.1% and continued with 0.2%. The drift was increased gradually about 0.2% until reach ±1.0%. Furthermore, the specimen was tested with an increment of ±0.2% drift until the specimens reach the strength capacity. The experimental results showed that for the first specimen, the wall panel behaves elastically up to 0.4% drift before yielding. Due to loading and unloading condition, the aluminium frame that used along the perimeter of the wall panel buckled at 1.2% drift. For the second specimen the wall panel behaves elastically up to 0.4% drift before yielding. Once 0.6% drift applied, crack started to appear at the connection joint between G.I channel and foundation beam. The analysis of the result from the graphs of hysteresis loop for both W1 and W2 were presented by considering the seismic parameter such as stiffness, ductility and equivalent viscous damping.

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Pascuzzi, Simone, Volodymyr Bulgakov, Francesco Santoro, Alexandros Sotirios Anifantis, Semjons Ivanovs, and Ivan Holovach. "A Study on the Drift of Spray Droplets Dipped in Airflows with Different Directions." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 6, 2020): 4644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114644.

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The European Directive concerning pesticide sustainable use establishes regulations to reduce the environmental drift throughout treatments to agricultural crops, particularly in nearby sensitive areas, such as water bodies, natural reserves and urban areas. The drift represents the fraction of mixture delivered by the sprayer that is not caught by the crop, and is the clearest cause of environmental pollution. Anti-drift nozzles are usually employed, and buffer zones are also maintained along the edges of the sprayed field to reduce drift production. The aim of this work was the theoretical study of the motion of the spray droplets delivered by a nozzle, dipped in downwards and/or lateral forced air flows. A mathematical model has been developed, consisting of a system of 2nd order differential equations, to simulate the motion of water droplets of different diameters within simultaneous different directions of air flow. The graphs, obtained by means of the numerical solution of the model, allow us to analyze the level of the droplets’ drift, according to their diameter and to the speed of the lateral and the downward air flows, respectively. A lateral airflow at a speed of 5 m · s − 1 produced a drift in its direction until 1.70 m for droplets from 100 to 500 μm in diameter. For larger drops, the impact of the downward airflow is not very significant. The results obtained by the numerical solution of the mathematical model have been compared with the results of experimental tests carried out to evaluate the drift of spray produced by different nozzles.

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Zhang, Ailin, Liang Zhao, and Xuechun Liu. "Study on Wire Rope Brace Design Method of Prestressed Braced Steel Moment Frame." Open Civil Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (March 10, 2015): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010021.

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To study the design method of sectional area and initial tension of wire rope brace of the prestressed braced steel moment frame structure system, theoretical analysis of this structure system is conducted in this paper. The lateral stiffness formula is derived. It reveals the lateral stiffness is related to the lateral stiffness of bare steel moment frame, story height, the distance between column and lower end of brace, story drift, material properties and sectional properties of wire rope. The lateral stiffness increases with the growth of story drift and the relationship curve is a concave shape. It is presented the initial prestress degree design formula and method in light of the criterion for determining initial prestress degree. The story drift decreases with the growth of wire rope sectional area and the relationship curve is a concave shape, in terms of this, a wire rope sectional area design formula and method are proposed. The validation of the proposed design formula and method of wipe rope brace is proved by an example analyzed using finite element software package ABAQUS.

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Irani, Rishad, Robert Bauer, Lydia North, Michael Nicholson, David Nolan, and Brennan West. "ANALYSIS OF JOINT FAILURES ON THE LATERAL UNDULATION GAIT OF A ROBOTIC SNAKE." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 39, no. 2 (June 2015): 253–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2015-0018.

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This paper describes the development of a biologically-inspired hyper-redundant wheeled snake robot and a corresponding computer simulator to study the effects that joint failures have on the resulting lateral undulation motion. Experiments and corresponding simulations were carried out to study the robotic snake’s lateral undulation gait as power to individual joints was turned off. The results showed that joint failures were most detrimental to the snake’s lateral undulation gait when they occurred in the front half of the snake, while joint failures occurring between the midpoint and tail of the robotic snake were found to be less critical and generally resulted in slight lateral drifts as the forward motion progressed. To help compensate for joint failures in the tail-half part of the robot, a bias term was added to the control algorithm. For the conditions tested in this research, the use of a bias term appeared to be effective at reducing the lateral drift.

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Slihta, Mareks, Irina Lazareva, and Vladimirs Sestakovs. "Evaluation of the Dynamic Characteristics of Aircraft during Landing in Crosswinds." Transport and Aerospace Engineering 2, no. 1 (November 1, 2015): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tae-2015-0004.

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Abstract This article summarizes the results of aircraft lateral drift parameter estimation. The lateral drift of an aircraft may occur in extreme and dangerous situations when the aircraft lands in crosswind conditions. Such a situation is developing with great dynamics in a small period of time. Within seconds, the aircraft can drastically change the flight path or position. The article highlights the results obtained in a calculation made during the flight phase of the aircraft landing in crosswind.

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Pincheira, José A. "Design Strategies for the Seismic Retrofit of Reinforced Concrete Frames." Earthquake Spectra 9, no. 4 (November 1993): 817–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585742.

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Due to economical and practical considerations, the seismic rehabilitation of buildings is generally confined to strategic areas of the structure in which only selected elements are modified or new elements are added. While these modified or new elements can be designed to have substantial strength and ductility, studies have shown that unless the retrofit scheme is stiff enough to control lateral drifts, significant damage to existing non-strengthened elements can be expected. This paper summarizes some of the results of a series of analytical studies conducted on prototype reinforced concrete frames strengthened with some of the most commonly used rehabilitation techniques. Based on the results of these studies, a design strategy that uses lateral drift rather than lateral strength as the main criterion for the design of retrofit schemes is presented.

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Adham, S. A., V. Avanessian, G. C. Hart, R. W. Anderson, J. Elmlinger, and J. Gregory. "Shear Wall Resistance of Lightgage Steel Stud Wall Systems." Earthquake Spectra 6, no. 1 (February 1990): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585555.

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Experimental investigations were conducted to evaluate the lateral load-deflection characteristics of lightgage steel stud/gypsum wallboard panel combinations subjected to lateral cyclic loads. In all, six 8′ × 8′ specimens were tested. A reasonable one-to-one correspondence between the strap area increase and the increase in the contribution from the strap to the overall loadcarrying capacity of the panel at intermediate and high drift ratios was observed. The panel lateral stiffness for a given stabilized cycle degraded by about 7% to 15% as compared with the lateral stiffness of the corresponding virgin cycle. Lateral stiffness degradation increased as the drift ratios became larger. The energy dissipation ability of the panels in the stabilized cycle was about 60% of the virgin cycle. An average value of equivalent viscous damping for all the cycles based on panel hysteretic behavior was about 12%.

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Bisane, Siddhesh. "Influence of Shear Wall on Seismic Response of a Structure." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. 9 (September 30, 2021): 1054–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.38129.

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Abstract: Structural analysis is the science of determining the effects of different loads on structures. Structural stability and stiffness are a main concern in any high-rise structures. Shear walls are structural members that are mainly responsible for resisting lateral loads predominant on structures. They are mainly responsible to increase the stiffness, reduce story drift and displacement. In order to have a comprehensive understanding about the contribution of shear wall, following research is carried out. This research involves comparing two G+16 structures; one without a shear wall and one with it. The structure has 4 bays of 3m each along X direction and Z direction. In this, we will see how shear wall resists lateral sway and reduces story drift and increases stiffness. As the height increases, the shear wall absorbs more lateral load than the frame. The software to be used for analysis is STAADPro. Keywords: STAADPro, Stiffness, storey displacement, storey drift.

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Razak, S. M., T. C. Kong, N. Z. Zainol, A. Adnan, and M. Azimi. "A Review of Influence of Various Types of Structural Bracing to the Structural Performance of Buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 01010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183401010.

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Excessive lateral drift can contribute significantly towards crack formation, leading to structural damage. The structural damage will in turn reduce the capacity of the structure and weaken it from the intended design capacity. Generally, lateral drift is more pronounced in higher and longer structure, such as high rise buildings and bridges. A typical method employed to control lateral drift is structural bracing, which works by increasing stiffness and stability of structure. This paper reviews the influence of various types of structural bracing to structural performance of buildings. The history of structural bracing is visited and the differences between numerous structural bracing in term of suitability to different types of buildings and loading, mechanisms, technical details, advantages and limitations, and the overall effect on the structural behaviour and performance are dissected. Proper and efficient structural bracing is pertinent for each high rise building as this will lead towards safer, sustainable and more economical buildings, which are cheaper to maintain throughout the life of the buildings in the future.

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Choi, Jung-Wook, Malika Ali, and Scott D. B. Alexander. "Behavior of slab–column connections with partially debonded reinforcement under lateral loading." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 3 (March 2009): 463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-006.

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In a flat plate structure, slab–column connections must possess sufficient drift capacity to survive the lateral deformation resulting from wind or earthquake. Partial debonding of the flexural reinforcement may be a means of increasing drift capacity of a slab–column structure. This article summarizes cyclic loading tests conducted on two full-scale interior slab–column connections, one with and one without partially debonded reinforcement. Each test specimen consisted of a 4.2 m square slab with a 355 mm square column protruding 1.5 m above and below the slab. The slab thickness was 152 mm. The specimen with partially debonded reinforcement exhibited more lateral drift capacity (4.5%) than did the specimen with fully bonded reinforcement (3.5%). The lateral load capacity of the debonded specimen was approximately 20% greater than that of the bonded control specimen. With partial debonding of the flexural reinforcement, cyclic load appeared to produce less damage to the connection in the vicinity of the slab–column joint.

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Pilkiw, Maryna, Justin Jarovi, and Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi. "Lateral Entorhinal Cortex Suppresses Drift in Cortical Memory Representations." Journal of Neuroscience 42, no. 6 (December 15, 2021): 1104–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.1439-21.2021.

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Hijzen, E. A., E. M. Schooneveld, C. W. E. van Eijk, and R. W. Hollander. "New silicon drift detector design for diminishing lateral diffusion." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 335, no. 1-2 (October 1993): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(93)90281-l.

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Castoldi, A., P. Rehak, and P. Holl. "A new silicon drift detector with reduced lateral diffusion." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 377, no. 2-3 (August 1996): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9002(96)00019-8.

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Ivanovs, Semjons, Volodymyr Panasyk, Volodymyr Bulgakov, and Ilmars Dukulis. "Impact of forced air flow upon introducing pesticides under conditions of lateral wind." Research in Agricultural Engineering 64, No. 4 (December 31, 2018): 176–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/100/2017-rae.

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Pesticide application is accompanied by its losses due to the drift of the droplets of the working liquid caused by the wind outside the treatment area, which reduces the efficiency of chemical protection and increases impact on the ecological state of the environment. Influence of the precipitating (i.e. top-down) air flow has been determined upon the reduction of the drift of sprayed liquid droplets under the impact of a lateral wind, as well as distribution of the sprayed liquid studied by weight and length depending on the pressure of the working fluid in systems of various sprayers. At speed side wind 5.0 m·s<sup>–1</sup> and deposition of flow at a speed of 15 m·s<sup>–1</sup> the amount of fluid that settled, increased to 30% for spray ST 110-02 and 12% for spray ID 120-02.

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Sofi, Massoud, Elisa Lumantarna, Colin Duffield, and Priyan Mendis. "Effects of Interior Partition Walls on Natural Period of High Rise Buildings." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 17, no. 06 (August 2017): 1771006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455417710067.

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In regions of low to moderate seismicity, serviceability limits states such as inter-story drift under wind load govern the design of the lateral load resisting structural systems of high rise buildings. The key objective in this regard is to provide adequate lateral stiffness to control lateral deflections and inter-story drifts. Current design practice assumes that the structural system alone provides lateral resistance against wind, the dominant load considered for countries like Australia. The contribution of nonstructural components (NSCs) such as interior partition walls on lateral stiffness is generally disregarded in the analysis of the buildings, even though it is commonly acknowledged that the NSCs play a significant role on the lateral stiffness of buildings. This technical note presents the results of a parametric study on the effects of NSCs, in particular, the effects of masonry interior partition walls on the fundamental period of buildings. The parameters considered in this study include: the number and length of walls, their material properties, the number of parallel moment resisting frames and the height of buildings. The results of this study indicate that interior walls can have significant effects on the lateral stiffness of buildings.

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Sun, Feifei, Ben Xiao, and Huajian Jin. "Analysis on interstory drift of high-rise residential quasi-megastructure." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 7 (January 23, 2019): 1755–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218822091.

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Based on the superior lateral resistant performance of mega-X layout pattern, the concept of quasi-megastructure was put forward to introduce quasi-mega mechanism in residential buildings, using normal members only, avoiding large architecture space occupation of mega members. Unlike the megastructures that are dominated by their primary structures, the quasi-megastructures mainly realize a synergistic mechanism between the frame structure and quasi-mega braces. In order to investigate its deformation mechanism and reduce the lateral stiffness irregularity, a simplified method for evaluating interstory drift of high-rise quasi-megastructure was proposed, based on three fundamental assumptions. Thus, the interstory drift formula for any specific layout scheme of quasi-megastructure can be deduced. The formula was validated by different layout schemes. By this method, the interstory drift proportion of quasi-megastructure was investigated, showing that the interstory drift of a target story mainly consists of drift due to rigid body rotation, pure shearing drift, and shear-lag added drift. And the vertical stiffness irregularity of the original scheme was due to great changes of shear-lag added drift in different neighboring stories. Thereafter, stiffened schemes were proposed, which effectively eliminate the interstory stiffness irregularity by complementing a quasi-mega cantilever wall of full height. Compared with mega frame structure, the original scheme has a similar overall deformation mechanism, while the properly stiffened quasi-megastructure scheme behaves quite close to mega braced frame structure, both in deformation mechanism and in structural efficiency.

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Bhatta, Jitendra, Joshua Mulligan, Rajesh P. Dhakal, Timothy J. Sullivan, Hans Gerlich, and Frank Kang. "Theoretical and experimental evaluation of timber-framed partitions under lateral drift." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 54, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.54.4.263-281.

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This paper identifies the inherent strengths/weaknesses of rigid timber-framed partitions and quantifies the onset drifts for different damage thresholds under bi-directional seismic actions. It reports construction and quasi-static lateral cyclic testing of a multi-winged timber-framed partition wall specimen with details typical of New Zealand construction practice. Furthermore, the cyclic performance of the tested rigid timber-framed partition wall is also compared with that of similar partition walls incorporating ‘partly-sliding’ connectiondetails, and ‘seismic gaps’, previously tested under the same test setup. Based on the experimentally recorded cyclic performance measures, theoretical equations proposed/derived in the literature to predict the ultimate strength, initial stiffness, and drift capacity of different damage states are scrutinized, and some equations are updated in order to alleviate identified possible shortcomings. These theoretical estimates are then validated with the experimental results. It is found that the equations can reasonably predict the initial stiffness and ultimate shear strength of the partitions, as well as the onset-driftscorresponding to the screw damage and diagonal buckling failure mode of the plasterboard. The predicted bi-linear curve is also found to approximate the backbone curve of the tested partition wall sensibly.

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Venkatraman, G., V. Vanathi, S. Veeraraghavan, and K. Sornamugi. "Effect of outrigger-belt truss system on the storey drift and maximum displacement of high-rise building." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1258, no. 1 (October 1, 2022): 012065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1258/1/012065.

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High-rise structures are becoming more common around the world, posing new challenges that necessitate ongoing technological foresight. When a structure’s height rises, it’s anticipated to have a lateral load-resisting system other than shear walls in place to negate the effect of lateral loads. However, advances in structural design and engineering have enabled building systems to withstand lateral forces such as wind and seismic stresses. There are numerous structural solutions tailored to resist lateral forces in the structure without adding to the plan area of the building to stabilize it against lateral load. The Outrigger-belt truss system is a common structural solution for successfully managing excessive drift caused by the lateral load. Hence, in this project, an attempt is made to investigate the characteristics of an Outrigger-Belt truss system. The seismic analysis is limited to the linear static method. A comparative analysis is done using STAAD Pro V8i SS6. Finally, the storey drift and maximum displacements obtained are calculated and the results are compared with the moment-resisting frame and the values are tabulated.

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Avila, Jorge A., and Eduardo Martínez. "Non-Linear Step-by-Step Seismic Response and the Push-Over Analysis Comparison of a Reinforced Concrete of Ductile Frames 15 Level Building." Key Engineering Materials 385-387 (July 2008): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.385-387.229.

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Based on a ductile frames 15 level building, a non-linear analysis with increased monotonically lateral loads (Push-Over) was made in order to determine its collapse and its principal responses were compared against the elastic and inelastic time-history seismic responses determined with the SCT-EW-85 record. The seismic-resistance design and faced to gravitational loads was made according to the Complementary Technical Norms of Concrete Structures Design (NTC-Concrete) and the NTC-Seismic of the Mexico City Code (RDF-04), satisfying the limit service states (relative lateral displacement between story height maximum relations, story drifts ≤ 0.012) and failure (seismic behavior factor, Q= 3). The compressible (soft) seismic zone IIIb and the office use type (group B) were considered. The non-linear responses were determined with nominal and over-resistance effects. The comparison were made with base shear force–roof lateral displacement relations, global distribution of plastic hinges, failure mechanics tendency, lateral displacements and story drift and its distribution along the height of the building, local and global ductility demands, etc. For the non-linear static analysis with increased monotonically lateral loads, it was important to select the type of lateral forces distribution.

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Noborio, Masato, Jun Suda, and Tsunenobu Kimoto. "Lateral 4H-SiC MOSFETs with Low On-Resistance by Using Two-Zone Double RESURF Structure." Materials Science Forum 556-557 (September 2007): 815–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.556-557.815.

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4H-SiC lateral MOSFETs with a double reduced surface field (RESURF) structure have been fabricated in order to reduce drift resistance. A two-zone RESURF structure was also employed in addition to double RESURF structure for achieving both high breakdown voltage and low on-resistance. After device simulation for dose optimization, 4H-SiC two-zone double RESURF MOSFETs have been fabricated. The fabricated MOSFETs block 1380 V and exhibit a low on-resistance of 66 m1cm2 (including a drift resistance of 24 m1cm2) at a gate oxide field of 3 MV/cm. The figure-of-merit of present device is about 29 MW/cm2, which is the best performance among any lateral MOSFETs. The drift resistance of the fabricated double RESURF MOSFETs is only 50 % or even lower than that of single RESURF MOSFETs. Temperature dependence of device characteristics is also discussed.

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Kumar, Gaurav, Kumod Ranjan Jha, Kanishk Gaur, Dinesh Kumar, and Ojesvi Bhardwaj. "Wind Drift Design Considerations for Steel Framed Structures." Journal of Advance Research in Mechanical & Civil Engineering (ISSN: 2208-2379) 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2014): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.53555/nnmce.v1i1.372.

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The world is developing at a very fast pace, also population in urban areas is also increasing with it due to change in demographics, and thus strong and durable buildings are the need of the hour. The design of steel framed buildings must take into consideration the lateral drift of the structure due to wind loading and any serviceability issues that may arise from this lateral movement. This paper focuses on one of these issues, damage to nonstructural components. It is an important issue which may significantly impact the buildings structural performance and economy. Furthermore, because these serviceability issues are not codified, there is a wide variation among design firms in how they are dealt with, leading to a greater economic disparity.

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34

Yang, Xing, and Xiang Shun Li. "Analysis and Design on Course Control for Sail-Assisted Ship." Advanced Materials Research 1008-1009 (August 2014): 556–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1008-1009.556.

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Aiming at the problem that sail-assisted ship is easy to yaw because of sail’s lateral force and adjusts its course slowly due to wind, wave and other interferences on the sea, this paper put forward a feedforward feedback control method based on fuzzy system. According to the relationship between lateral force and yaw angle, a feedforward controller was designed to offset the yaw of ship. In order to correct the drift angle of ship automatically, the feedback controller was fulfilled to track the given course. Feedback control loop adopted fuzzy self-adjusting PD controller to make the drift angle be adjusted in time. The simulations indicate that the feedforward feedback control can suppress the disturbance produced by lateral force effectively, enhance the stability of the system and accelerate the response speed.

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35

Straumann, D., D. S. Zee, and D. Solomon. "Three-Dimensional Kinematics of Ocular Drift in Humans With Cerebellar Atrophy." Journal of Neurophysiology 83, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): 1125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.83.3.1125.

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One of the signs of the cerebellar ocular motor syndrome is the inability to maintain horizontal and vertical fixation. Typically, in the presence of cerebellar atrophy, the eyes show horizontal gaze-evoked and vertical downbeat nystagmus. We investigated whether or not the cerebellar ocular motor syndrome also includes a torsional drift and, specifically, if it is independent from the drift in the horizontal-vertical plane. The existence of such a torsional drift would suggest that the cerebellum is critically involved in maintaining the eyes in Listing's plane. Eighteen patients with cerebellar atrophy (diagnosis confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging) were tested and compared with a group of normal subjects. Three-dimensional eye movements (horizontal, vertical, and torsional) during attempted fixations of targets at different horizontal and vertical eccentricities were recorded by dual search coils in a three-field magnetic frame. The overall ocular drift was composed of an upward drift that increased during lateral gaze, a horizontal centripetal drift that appeared during lateral gaze, and a torsional drift that depended on horizontal eye position. The vertical drift consisted of two subcomponents: a vertical gaze-evoked drift and a constant vertical velocity bias. The increase of upward drift velocity with eccentric horizontal gaze was caused by an increase of the vertical velocity bias; this component did not comply with Listing's law. The horizontal-eye-position–dependent torsional drift was intorsional in abduction and extorsional in adduction, which led to an additional violation of Listing's law. The existence of torsional drift that is eye-position–dependent suggests that the cerebellum is critically involved in the implementation of Listing's law, perhaps by mapping a tonic torsional signal that depends on the direction of the line of sight. The magnitude of this signal might reflect the difference in torsional eye position between the torsional resting position determined by the mechanics of the eye plant and the torsional position required by Listing's law.

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Kono, Susumu, Kohei Sakamoto, and Masanobu Sakashita. "Simulation of Seismic Load Resistance of Core-Walls for Tall Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.386.

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This paper addresses the seismic performance of core-walls based on an experiment and numerical analysis on two 1/7.5 scaled L-shaped concrete core-wall specimens. Concrete strength was 77 MPa and the yield strength of vertical reinforcement was over 700MPa. Test variable was the loading path on the axial load – lateral load relation. Axial load was varied as high as 6MN or 50% of the axial load capacity for one specimen and 4.2MN or 35% for the other specimen as a linear function of the lateral load. The lateral load-drift relations were recorded with local deformation and damage, focusing on the yield of reinforcement and crushing of concrete. Damage of columns was severe and indicated the importance of good confinement at this region for better seismic performance. The numerical models with finite shell elements well simulated the intensity and extent of damage in addition to backbone curves of lateral load - drift angle relations when the pullout of longitudinal reinforcement of columns is considered.

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Gudenko, Yu M. "Lateral drift of photo-generated charge carriers in the p-SiGe/Si heterostructures with quantum wells." Semiconductor Physics Quantum Electronics and Optoelectronics 14, no. 3 (September 25, 2011): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/spqeo14.03.375.

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Jay, RM, and HD Schoenhaus. "Hyperpronation control with a dynamic stabilizing innersole system." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 82, no. 3 (March 1, 1992): 149–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-82-3-149.

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An orthotic device, which prevents hyperpronation of a human foot, has an offset, deep heel seat to cup the calcaneus. It maintains the calcaneus in approximately 5 degrees of varus with high medial and lateral flanges, which prevents lateral transverse drift of the first and fifth metatarsals.

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Fadli Kurnia, Resti Nur Arini, Dwi Ariyani, and Soni. "ANALYSIS OF MAXIMUM DEFORMATION OF HIGH RISE BUILDINGS WITH OUTRIGGER SYSTEM AGAINST WIND LOAD." Jurnal Infrastruktur 6, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35814/infrastruktur.v6i2.1736.

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Outrigger structural systems are quite effective using the lateral loads on tall buildings, one of the main benefits of utilization outrigger is that it can reduce deformation and the danger of inter-story drift caused by lateral loads acting on the building. In this case, wind loads will be viewed as a lateral load because the wind load acting on tall buildings can also cause deformation of the building. The implementation of the outrigger system is viewed from different positions to see the deformation that occurs and the placement of the maximum location. The results of the analysis of wind loads reviewed on these buildings have proven that the use of outriggers in buildings can reduce displacement by 19.58%, and inter-storey drifts by 13.24%, which is applied in a position of ½ of the building height. The optimum location of the outrigger installation can also be determined by calculating the analysis of the maximum deflection that occurs on the 40th floor.

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Rodsin, Kittipoom. "Ductility Enhancement of High Strength RC Columns Using Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)." Advanced Materials Research 931-932 (May 2014): 463–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.931-932.463.

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The principal aim of this research is to improve the seismic performance of high strength concrete (HSC) reinforced columns using fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) by mixing steel fiber into the concrete. Two reinforced concrete columns 200mm x 300mm in cross-section with a height of 1250 mm were tested under cyclic lateral loading. The first specimen was casted using high strength concrete of 100 MPa and the second specimens were also casted using similar concrete strength but the steel fiber of 0.5% by volume was added to the concrete in the plastic hinge region. Both columns were subjected to lateral cyclic load until the failure occurs. The test results showed that the use of FRC in the plastic hinge region could significantly improve column displacement ductility. The maximum drift at column failure at 4.5% for non-ductile column could increase to 8% in FRC column. It is evident that the cracks in FRC column are much smaller properly spread in the plastic hinge region and hence the plastic hinge could be able to rotate without lateral strength being compromised. In FRC column, concrete spalling was observed in a very high drift (7%) and bar buckling occurred at around 8% drift whilst in HSC column concrete spalling and bar buckling occurred at only 3.5% and 4% drift respectively. It was evident that the use of steel fiber in HSC columns could significantly improve seismic performance of the column.

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Kittipoom, Rodsin, Sappakittipakorn Manote, and Sukontasukkul Piti. "Seismic Performance Enhancement of Non-Ductile RC Columns Using Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete (SFRC)." Advanced Materials Research 747 (August 2013): 773–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.773.

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The principal aim of this research is to improve the seismic performance of non-ductile reinforced columns using fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) by mixing steel fiber into the concrete. Two reinforced concrete columns 200mm x 300mm in cross-section with a height of 1250 mm were tested under cyclic lateral loading. The first specimen was casted using normal strength concrete of 24 MPa and the second specimens were also casted using similar concrete with similar strength but the steel fiber of 1% was added to the concrete in the plastic hinge region. The axial load for all specimens was 300 kN and kept constant during the test. The test results showed that the use of FRC in the plastic hinge region could significantly improve column displacement ductility. The maximum drift at lateral strength loss at 3.7% for non-ductile column could increase to 6% in FRC column. It is evident that the cracks in FRC column are much smaller and more widely spread in the plastic hinge region and hence the plastic hinge could be able to rotate without lateral strength being compromised. In FRC column, concrete spalling was observed in a very high drift (5%) and bar buckling occurred at around 6% drift whilst in non-ductile column concrete spalling and bar buckling occurred at 2.5% and 3% drift respectively. It was evident that the use of steel fiber in non-ductile columns could significantly improve seismic performance of the column.

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42

Çolak, Hacer, Hakan T. Türker, and Hilmi Coşkun. "Accurate Estimation of Inter-Story Drift Ratio in Multistory Framed Buildings Using a Novel Continuous Beam Model." Applied Sciences 13, no. 13 (July 3, 2023): 7819. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13137819.

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This study presents a novel method for accurately predicting the dynamic behavior of multistory frame buildings under earthquake ground motion. The proposed method allows approximately estimating the inter-story drift ratio, a crucial parameter strongly associated with building damage, its distribution along the building height, and its maximum value location. An equivalent continuous beam model with a rotation at the base, consisting of a combination of a shear beam and a flexural beam, is proposed to achieve this. This model derives closed-form solutions for the building’s dynamic characteristics. The lateral deformations along the height of frame buildings subjected to a given earthquake load, particularly the inter-story drift ratio profiles, and the maximum inter-story drift ratio parameter, are investigated. The proposed continuous model requires two dimensionless parameters: the lateral stiffness ratio (α) and the rotation at the base (θ), representing the drift ratio of the first story. For the expression of the lateral stiffness ratio (α) coefficient, a simple equation is also proposed using the beam-to-column stiffness ratio (ρ, or Blume coefficient) associated with the framed (discrete) system. Various building models are employed to validate the proposed method, demonstrating its applicability to both high-rise and low-rise building configurations. With the results obtained, it is shown that the proposed continuous model can be used not only for high-rise or multistory building models but also for low-rise building models.

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Miranda, Eduardo, and Carlos J. Reyes. "Approximate Lateral Drift Demands in Multistory Buildings with Nonuniform Stiffness." Journal of Structural Engineering 128, no. 7 (July 2002): 840–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9445(2002)128:7(840).

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44

Kim, C. H., and W. Bao. "A Strip Method for Lateral Drift Force of a Semisubmersible." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 107, no. 3 (September 1, 1985): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3231195.

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This paper presents the results of an application of a strip technique for the prediction of the lateral drift forces on a semisubmersible platform floating in oblique regular waves. The method employs Maruo’s formula and source distribution technique, without taking account of the hydrodynamic interaction between the twin hulls and columns of the semisubmersible. Overall the strip technique shows a more favorable correlation with the experimental data than the three-dimensional theory. It is, however, premature to conclude that the technique has been fully validated.

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45

Chung, Y. "Semi-numerical static model for nonplanar-drift lateral DMOS transistor." IEE Proceedings - Circuits, Devices and Systems 146, no. 3 (1999): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-cds:19990228.

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Coppinger, Matthew J., W. Casey Uhlig, and John H. J. Niederhaus. "Simulating lateral drift of a shaped charge jet in ALEGRA." International Journal of Impact Engineering 136 (February 2020): 103415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijimpeng.2019.103415.

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Rahe, P., R. Bechstein, and A. Kühnle. "Vertical and lateral drift corrections of scanning probe microscopy images." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B, Nanotechnology and Microelectronics: Materials, Processing, Measurement, and Phenomena 28, no. 3 (May 2010): C4E31—C4E38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/1.3360909.

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Suresh Kannan, S. "Seismic Analysis of Soft Storey Building in Earthquake Zones." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1130, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1130/1/012023.

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Abstract In this paper (G+8) building is modeled like a bare frame, a bare frame with the shear wall, and a bare frame with X bracing by changing the soft storey to different floors. The static analysis effect is determined for all three models with zone IV and zone V using Staad pro-V8i software. The main objective of the research was to assess the impact of a soft storey in various earthquake zones and by varying places of the soft storey from first to the top floor and for frames with different column shapes by seismic analyses in staad pro. The results of variable building models are obtained from the research regarding various parameters such as displacement, storey drift, and base shear. More significantly, comparing different structural systems revealed a reduction in lateral displacement and story drift. The shear wall reduced the Storey Displacement by 98.838% and storey drift by 99.86%. The Steel bracing reduced the Storey Displacement by 97.846 % and storey drift by 92.6%. Finally, it has been found that the Shear wall reduces lateral displacement and storey drift, thus significantly contributing to greater structural stiffness. The analysis results recommended that the shear wall use reinforced concrete frames for the seismic hazard zones and the Steel bracing recommended for the low seismic zones.

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Shen, De Jian, Sen Qiu, Ling Song, and Cong Bin Huang. "Effect of Viscous Damper on Seismic Performance of Steel-Concrete Hybrid Structure for High-Rise Building." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 2203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.2203.

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In this paper, the effect of viscous damper on seismic performance of steel-concrete hybrid structure for high-rise building is analyzed. The result shows that viscous damper has little effect on dynamic properties of structure. The story lateral displacement, story drift rotation and damage of structure can be reduced effectively by viscous damper. The effect of the viscous damper on structure seismic performance is better with the increase of seismic intensity. Under the 7, 8 and 9 degree seismic seldom intensity, the story lateral displacement of the top floor decreases at 17.2%, 23.3%, 33.4% and the story drift rotation decreases at 20.8%, 27.2%, 44.7% respectively. The seismic analysis result may be referred by designer and researcher.

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Shibuya, Satoshi. "Effects of Orientation and Appearance of a Synchronously Moving Object on Hand Movements." Psych 2, no. 4 (November 23, 2020): 287–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych2040022.

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Various devices have been developed to enable humans to control remote objects using active hand movements. However, it is still unclear how the visual characteristics of a synchronously moving object influences hand movements. This study investigates the effects of visual appearance and orientation of a hand-controlled object on hand movements using a novel visuomotor task. The motion of a visual image on a monitor reflected the participants’ right hand movements in the forwards-backwards direction, but not in the lateral direction (i.e., the lateral position of the image was fixed). Participants performed continuous goal-directed back and forth movements of the visual image for one minute. The image’s appearance (hand and arrow) and orientation (forward (FW), leftward (LW), and rightward (RW)) were manipulated. Unconscious lateral deviations (i.e., drift movements) of the participant’s hand during the task were evaluated. Regardless of appearance, the leftward and rightward image induced leftward and rightward drift movements, compared to the forward image. However, the modulation sizes were similar using arrow images, but not using hand images. Specifically, anatomically plausible hand images elicited greater drift movements than anatomically implausible images. This suggests that both orientation and appearance of a hand-controlled object influences hand movements according to stimulus-response compatibility and body-representation changes.

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Journal articles on the topic 'LATERAL DRIFT'

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