Academic literature on the topic 'Later stage development'
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Journal articles on the topic "Later stage development"
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Lichtenstein, Benyamin M., Beverly A. Smith, and William R. Torbert. "Leadership and Ethical Development: Balancing Light and Shadow." Business Ethics Quarterly 5, no. 1 (January 1995): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857274.
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Abstract:What makes a leader ethical? This paper critically examines the answer given by developmental theory, which argues that individuals can develop through cumulative stages of ethical orientation and behavior (e.g. Hobbesian, Kantian, Rawlsian), such that leaders at later developmental stages (of whom there are empirically very few today) are more ethical. By contrast to a simple progressive model of ethical development, this paper shows that each developmental stage has both positive (light) and negative (shadow) aspects, which affect the ethical behaviors of leaders at that stage. It also explores an unexpected result: later stage leaders can have more significantly negative effects than earlier stage leadership.
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Sefton, M., M. H. Johnson, and L. Clayton. "Synthesis and phosphorylation of uvomorulin during mouse early development." Development 115, no. 1 (May 1, 1992): 313–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.115.1.313.
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The cell adhesion molecule, uvomorulin, is synthesised in both the 135 × 10(3) M(r) precursor and 120 × 10(3) M(r) mature forms on maternal mRNA templates in unfertilized and newly fertilized mouse oocytes. Synthesis on maternal message ceases during the 2-cell stage to resume later on mRNA encoded presumptively by the embryonic genome. Uvomorulin is detectable by immunoblotting at all stages upto the blastocyst stage, but shows variations in its total amount and processing with embryonic stage. Whilst only trace levels of phosphorylated uvomorulin are detectable in early and late 4-cell embryos, uvomorulin in 8-cell embryos is phosphorylated.
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Wang, Ping, Juan Chang, Chaoqi Liu, Qingqiang Yin, Mengjie Liu, Xaowei Dang, and Fushan Lu. "Effects of saccharified corn straw on growth performance, nutrient metabolic rates, gastrointestinal tract development, and serum antioxidant index of broilers." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 101, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 438–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjas-2020-0100.
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This study was conducted to investigate effects of saccharified corn straw (SCS) on broiler growth. A total of 250 one-day-old female Arbor Acres (AA) broilers were distributed into five groups. The broilers in groups 1–5 were fed with diets containing 0% (basal diet), 4%, 8%, 12% SCS, and 8% SCS (high oil), respectively. The experiment lasted 42 d including early and later stages. In the early stage, average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in groups 2 and 5 were almost the same as the control group; higher levels of SCS additions would decrease ADG and increase FCR (P < 0.05). In the later stage, ADG was higher, and FCR was lower in group 5 than that in other groups (P < 0.05); ADG in groups 3–4 was higher than that in groups 1 (P < 0.05) and 2. The different levels of SCS supplementation had different effects on nutrient metabolic rates and relative organ weight (P < 0.05), but they had insignificant effects on relative organ length. In the later stage, SCS supplementation could significantly increase serum total antioxidant capacity activity. It could be concluded that dietary 4% SCS in the early stage and 4%–12% SCS in the later stage had no negative effects on growth performance and nutrient metabolic rates for broilers.
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Martishkin, V. V. "Quality management of technical products in the development stage of working documents." Izvestiya MGTU MAMI 7, no. 2-2 (March 20, 2013): 373–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/2074-0530-68412.
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The methods of quality control of products under development documentation. At this stage, to identify weaknesses in the design of products used methods of quality control and optimization. The evaluation of the perceived quality of products and subsequent inclusion in the documentation necessary changes greatly reduced the complexity and cost of obtaining quality products at later stages of production.
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Xiong, Wei-Hong, and King-Wai Yau. "Rod Sensitivity During Xenopus Development." Journal of General Physiology 120, no. 6 (November 25, 2002): 817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.20028702.
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We have measured the sensitivity of rod photoreceptors from overnight-dark–adapted Xenopus laevis through developmental stages 46–66 into adulthood by using suction-pipette recording. The dark current increased gradually from ∼5 pA at stage 46 to ∼20 pA at stage 57, compared with an adult (metamorphosed) current of ∼35 pA. This increase in dark current largely paralleled the progressive increase in length and diameter of the rod outer segment (ROS). Throughout stages 46–66, the dark current increased approximately linearly with ROS surface area. At stage 53, there was a steep (∼10-fold) increase in the rod flash sensitivity, accompanied by a steep increase in the time-to-peak of the half-saturated flash response. This covariance of sensitivity and time-to-peak suggested a change in the state of adaptation of rods at stage 53 and thereafter. When the isolated retina was preincubated with 11-cis-retinal, the flash sensitivity and the response time-to-peak of rods before stage 53 became similar to those at or after stage 53, suggesting that the presence of free opsin (i.e., visual pigment without chromophore) in rods before stage 53 was responsible for the adapted state (low sensitivity and short time-to-peak). By comparing the response sensitivity before stage 53 to the sensitivity at/after stage 53 measured from rods that had been subjected to various known bleaches, we estimated that 22–28% of rod opsin in stage 50–52 tadpoles (i.e., before stage 53) was devoid of chromophore despite overnight dark-adaptation. When continuously dark adapted for 7 d or longer, however, even tadpoles before stage 53 yielded rods with similar flash sensitivity and response time-to-peak as those of later-stage animals. In conclusion, it appears that chromophore regeneration is very slow in tadpoles before stage 53, but this regeneration becomes much more efficient at stage 53. A similar delay in the maturity of chromophore regeneration may partially underlie the low sensitivity of rods observed in newborn mammals, including human infants.
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Bradley, Richard. "Stages in the Chronological Development of Hoards and Votive Deposits." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 53, no. 1 (1987): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00006277.
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Some recent literature on the problem of hoards is reviewed, dealing particularly with the distinction between votive deposits and stores of objects. An alternative approach is developed, considering the long-term variations in the nature of intentional deposits in European prehistory. Three stages are suggested. In the initial stage, a unitary system of deposits prevailed, especially of food and selected artefacts, including metal when available. In the developed stage, characteristic of the Bronze Age, a dual system allowed both votive deposition and accumulation and recycling, especially of non-local metal. The final stage, in the later Iron Age, saw renewed emphasis on votive deposits, especially on the borders of emerging polities.
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Taham-zadeh, Dariush, Yuan Wu, and Michael Ratcliffe. "Role of antigen in later stages of B cell development (153.20)." Journal of Immunology 186, no. 1_Supplement (April 1, 2011): 153.20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.186.supp.153.20.
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Abstract B cell development occurs in the gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) of many mammals and birds. In chickens, the early stages of B cell development, including colonization of bursal follicles, B cell proliferation within bursal follicles and repertoire diversification by gene conversion, are supported by surface Ig receptor related constructs that lack antigen binding capacity. Thus early B cell development requires Ig receptor expression but not sIg ligation. In contrast later stages of bursal development, including cortico-medullary redistribution of B cells and their maintenance after hatch, is not supported by those constructs. The later stages of bursal B cell development occur in the presence of gut derived antigens suggesting the possibility that later stage may require antigen mediated sIg receptor ligation as opposed to simply receptor expression. To address this directly, we have introduced Ig receptor related constructs with defined antigen specificity into developing chick embryos. Expression of such constructs is sufficient to support early stages of B cell development, and in the absence of cognate antigen, is not sufficient to support the later stages of B cell development. Preliminary evidence suggests, however, that introduction of cognate antigen results in extended maintenance of receptor expressing B cells after hatch suggesting that ligation of the BCR may act as a survival signal in the later stages of B cell development in the bursa.
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Schwienbacher, Armin. "The entrepreneur's investor choice: The impact on later-stage firm development." Journal of Business Venturing 28, no. 4 (July 2013): 528–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2012.09.002.
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Partridge, RJ, and HJ Leese. "Consumption of amino acids by bovine preimplantation embryos." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 8, no. 6 (1996): 945. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9960945.
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Bovine embryos produced in vitro from the putative zygote stage to the blastocyst stage, and blastocysts freshly flushed from the uterus, were cultured in a physiological mixture of amino acids. Depletion of amino acids from the medium and, in a few cases, their appearance, was measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Amino acids were depleted at widely differing rates. The depletion of amino acids was higher when embryos at later developmental stages were cultured, implying an increase in amino acid requirement with development. Threonine was the only amino acid to be depleted at all stages of development; depletion increased from 0.18 +/- 0.07 pmol embryo-1 h-1 at the putative zygote stage to 1.96 +/- 0.49 pmol embryo-1 h-1 at the blastocyst stage. Glutamine was depleted at the putative zygote stage and the 4-cell stage (0.76 +/- 0.05 and 0.94 +/- 0.10 pmol embryo-1 h-1 respectively), but was not significantly depleted at the later stages. Alanine was the only amino acid that appeared consistently in the medium and its production increased progressively throughout development. Aspartate, glutamate, threonine and lysine were depleted significantly by blastocysts derived both in vitro and in vivo; the embryos in vivo also depleted arginine, phenylalanine, isoleucine and tyrosine. These results indicate that individual amino acids are depleted at different rates by bovine preimplantation embryos and suggest that amino acid requirements change during development.
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Grantham-McGregor, S. M., S. P. Walker, and S. Chang. "Nutritional deficiencies and later behavioural development." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, no. 1 (February 2000): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665100000069.
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The literature on the long-term effects of nutritional deficiencies in early life is reviewed. The severity and duration of the deficiency, the stage of the children’s development, the biological condition of the children and the socio-cultural context may all modify the effect. There is substantial evidence that reduced breast-feeding, small-for-gestational-age birth weight, Fe and I deficiency, and protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) are associated with long-term deficits in cognition and school achievement. However, all these conditions are associated with poverty and poor health, which may account for the association. It is difficult to establish that the long-term relationship is causal, as it requires a randomized treatment trial with long-term follow-up. Such studies are only available for I deficiency in utero and early childhood PEM. Results from these studies indicate that I deficiency has a long-term effect and PEM probably has a long-term effect.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Later stage development"
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Favato, Giampiero. "Parametric cost analysis of late-stage pharmaceutical development." Thesis, Brunel University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488727.
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Valentine, Gareth J. "Development of all-solid-state modelocked laser sources at 1.55 μM." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14790.
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This thesis concerns the generation of tunable ultrashort pulses near the 1.55 mum telecommunications window. Two principal laser systems are considered: i) the NaCl:OH colour-centre laser, which employs the technique of synchronously-pumped modelocking to generate tunable picosecond pulses and ii) the self-modelocked Cr4:YAG laser to generate femtosecond pulses tunable from 1.5-1.56 mum. Details are given for an all-solid-state cw and cw-modelocked pump source for Cr4:YAG and colour-centre lasers based on Nd:YAG. Fibre-coupled AlGaAs laser diodes are employed as the solid-state pump source to this laser. When operated cw, up to 8.5 W of linearly polarised output power in a TEM00 beam is obtained. A compact cw actively-modelocked Nd:YAG laser is described having a pulse repetition rate of 194 MHz. Pulse durations down to 34 ps and output powers up to 6.0 W are obtained from this system. An 82 MHz Nd:YVO4 laser is also detailed producing pulsewidths down to 75 ps and average output powers up to 3.5 W. The intrinsic noise source associated with the synchronous modelocking technique is discussed and a simple passive stabilisation scheme, coherent-photon-seeding (CPS), is described and applied to the synchronously-modelocked NaCl:OH laser. Results of a simulation of this laser are reported and a comparison is made with the practical observations of the stabilised laser. For the first time, theoretical and experimental evidence for the presence of high frequency pulse jitter in synchronously-pumped- modelocked (SPML) lasers is presented and the coherent photon seeding technique is shown to eliminate this noise. Details are also given for the construction of a compact, all-solid-state, femtosecond Cr4+:YAG laser. A design prescription for laser resonators having a high propensity for self-modelocking is presented and an unconventional 3-mirror resonator is adopted for optimised self-modelocked operation. Using this design, modelocked output powers up to 300 mW with 120 fs pulses from a compact, regeneratively initiated laser having a pulse repetition rate of 320 MHz is reported for 4.7W incident pump power. Self- modelocking is demonstrated for pump powers down to ~1W with this cavity design. A compact cavity design for self-modelocking is also assessed, with a footprint of just 20 X 25 cm, which places a prism in each cavity arm. 470 fs pulses at 220 mW average output power are reported.
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Sardana, Malvika. "Development of New Late-Stage Labeling Methods with Labeled Carbon and Fluorine-18." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASF001.
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Le marquage isotopique est un outil précieux pour la découverte de nouveaux médicaments. Nous présentons dans cette thèse la conception et l’application de méthodes de marquage tardif de molécules bioactives avec du carbone et du fluor. Les réactions de carbonylation utilisant le monoxide de carbone sont connues pour être compatibles avec un marquage isotopique tardif des substances bioactives dans des conditions douces. La première partie de cette thèse décrit une réaction de photocarbonylation à partir d’iodures d’alkyles catalysée par le palladium sous lumière visible. Cette réaction polyvalente utilisant le 9-methylfluorene-9-carbonyl chloride (COgen) et réalisée dans des conditions douces est compatible avec un marquage en carbone-14. La synthèse de COgen radioactif nécessitant plusieurs étapes, nos efforts ont porté sur la production de monoxyde de carbone marqué, par réduction du dioxyde de carbone correspondant avec un disilane. La dernière partie de la thèse aborde la synthèse d’un nouveau traceur marqué au fluor-18 pour la tomographie par émission de positrons, spécifique de la P-glycoprotéine (P-gp), un transporteur de la barrière hématoencéphalique. Nous avons ainsi marqué au fluor-18 le Crizotinib, anticancéreux approuvé pour le traitement du cancer du poumon non à petites cellules et qui voit son accumulation fortement diminuée par le P-gp. Les études de biodistribution et d’imagerie cérébrale chez les rongeurs sont actuellement en coursIsotope labeling is a crucial tool in drug discovery. Therefore, expanding the toolbox of a radiochemist with methods that allow late-stage labeling is highly important. The work presented in this thesis describes the development and utilization of late-stage labeling methods with carbon and fluorine. Carbonylation reactions with carbon monoxide are particularly known as mild and compatible with the late-stage labeling. The first part of the thesis describes the development of visible-light mediated palladium-catalysis using alkyl iodides as the coupling partner for the carbonylation. The mild and versatile radical aminocarbonylation protocol has shown good substrate compatibility. The use of 9-Methylfluorene-9-carbonyl chloride (COgen) allowed easy translation between unlabeled and labeled reaction. In order to bypass the synthesis of COgen which proceeds in two steps plus one step for the liberation of CO, we focused our efforts towards the one step reduction of labeled CO₂ to labeled CO using disilanes catalyzed by fluorides. The last part of this thesis discusses the development of a new positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracer for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an active transporter at the blood-brain barrier. Crizotinib is an approved treatment for non-small cell lung carcinoma and its brain accumulation is restricted by P-gp. Crizotinib was successfully labeled with ¹⁸F, and rodent studies to map P-gp and improve the delivery of crizotinib to the brain are ongoing
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Canelli, Tommaso. "Development of tandem C-H borylation/functionalization procedures for late stage functionalization of compounds." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/9273/.
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The development of procedures for the iridium catalyzed C-H borylation of 1-aryl pyrazolopyrimidines and 1-aryl indazoles is reported. Investigation on the activity of the catalyst revealed the combination of an iridium (I) precursor and tetramethylphenantroline as the best catalytic system. Moreover, the procedures are regioselective resulting in the selective borylation of different C-H bonds within the substrates. The application of C-H borylation to late stage functionalization is demonstrated: a biologically active compound in AstraZeneca's project underwent tandem borylation/oxidation reaction, in order to obtain a functionalized product containing an OH group.
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Kim, Chan Kyu. "Development of bio-photonic sensor based on laser-induced fluorescence." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2007. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-11052007-092200.
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Prasankumar, Rohit Prativadi 1975. "Development and application of saturable absorbers to femtosecond solid-state laser mode-locking." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29620.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-228).
Semiconductor saturable absorbers have had a major impact on the field of ultrashort pulse generation by increasing the stability and reliability of ultrashort pulse lasers, making them more useful in many applications. These versatile devices can be grown both epitaxially with molecular beam epitaxy and non-epitaxially using RF sputtering. In this thesis, the development and application of both types of saturable absorbers to self-starting mode-locking in solid-state lasers was examined. The first part of this thesis describes the use of an epitaxially grown saturable Bragg reflector to mode-lock an extended cavity femtosecond Cr:LiSAF laser. Inexpensive single mode diodes were used as a pump source and a multi-pass cavity was used to lower the laser repetition rate. Pulses with durations of 39 fs and energies of 0.75 nJ were generated at an 8.6 MHz repetition rate. These pulse energies and durations are comparable to those produced from commercially available Ti:sapphire lasers that have a significantly higher cost. The second part of this thesis explored the further development and application of non-epitaxially grown semiconductor-doped silica films. A novel pump-probe system with independent pump and probe wavelength tunability from 700 to 1000 nm and a time resolution of 17 fs was developed for device characterization. The linear and nonlinear optical properties of InAs-doped silica films deposited by RF sputtering were characterized as a function of fabrication parameters, including nanocrystallite size, pump and probe wavelength relative to the absorption edge, and rapid thermal annealing temperature. Guidelines for the optimization of semiconductor-doped silica films for saturable absorber applications were extracted from the experimental data.
(cont.) Large nanocrystallites, high annealing temperatures, and an operating wavelength close to the absorption edge were found to optimize saturable absorber performance, with a low saturation fluence of 640 pJ/cm2 obtained at 1.54 grm. These saturable absorber devices were then designed to self-start mode-locking in a Cr:forsterite laser, obtaining self-starting 25 fs pulses with 91 nm bandwidth at 1.3 gm. These versatile devices can be designed for any solid-state laser system using the guidelines developed in this work and have the potential to replace epitaxially grown saturable absorbers in many applications.
by Rohit Prativadi Prasankumar.
Ph.D.
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Mujahid, Hana, Ken Pendarvis, Joseph Reddy, Babi Nallamilli, K. Reddy, Bindu Nanduri, and Zhaohua Peng. "Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Cotton Fiber Development and Protein Extraction Method Comparison in Late Stage Fibers." MDPI AG, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/618719.
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The distinct stages of cotton fiber development and maturation serve as a single-celled model for studying the molecular mechanisms of plant cell elongation, cell wall development and cellulose biosynthesis. However, this model system of plant cell development is compromised for proteomic studies due to a lack of an efficient protein extraction method during the later stages of fiber development, because of a recalcitrant cell wall and the presence of abundant phenolic compounds. Here, we compared the quality and quantities of proteins extracted from 25 dpa (days post anthesis) fiber with multiple protein extraction methods and present a comprehensive quantitative proteomic study of fiber development from 10 dpa to 25 dpa. Comparative analysis using a label-free quantification method revealed 287 differentially-expressed proteins in the 10 dpa to 25 dpa fiber developmental period. Proteins involved in cell wall metabolism and regulation, cytoskeleton development and carbohydrate metabolism among other functional categories in four fiber developmental stages were identified. Our studies provide protocols for protein extraction from maturing fiber tissues for mass spectrometry analysis and expand knowledge of the proteomic profile of cotton fiber development.
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Stehmann, Timo. "Development and optimisation of a solid-state pulsed power supply for a CO₂ TEA laser." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53359.
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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: With technological advances in solid-state switches the modernization of conventional pulsed power supplies utilizing thyratrons has become possible. A novel pulsed power supply is designed where two series-stacked IGBTs (rated at 1700 V and 300 A each) are used to replace a thryatrondriven pulsed power supply for a mini CO2 TEA laser. The mini CO2 TEA laser is firstly characterized in order to optimize the design of the pulsed power supply. It is found that stable laser discharges can be obtained with electrode voltage rise-times of 150 ns or less. Furthermore, the optical output energy and the efficiency of the laser have been significantly increased by reducing the peaking capacitor size of the pulsed power supply. The two stacked IGBTs switch a C-C transfer loop and the generated pulse is stepped up by a pulse transformer and is compressed by a two-stage magnetic pulse compression unit. Theoretically and through measurements it is shown that automatic voltage sharing between the two IGBTs can be obtained if the turn-on time of the IGBTs is much faster than the transfer time of the switched C-C transfer loop. Lifetime tests reveal that high-power IGBTs are able to reliably switch pulses with peak currents between 4 and 5 times the rated average current of the device. Under laser fault conditions, i.e. laser arcing or missing laser discharges, the reliability of the pulser can be increased by using over-voltage snubbers. In addition, it was found that the internal diode of IGBT modules can eventually fail under the prevalence of laser fault conditions. A modular construction approach is used where components of the pulsed power supply are preassembled. A new rectangular layout of the magnetic pulse compression unit is utilized in order to minimize size and simplify the final construction and assembly.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Nuwe ontwikkeling in vastetoestand-skakelaars het die modernisering van laser-pulskragbronne moontlik gemaak. ’n Nuwe kragbron wat gebruik maak van twee seriegeskakelde IGBT’s is ontwerp om ’n Tiratron-gedrewe laserkragbron te vervang, wat vir ’n mini-C02-TEA-laser gebruik word. Die laser is vooraf eers gekarakteriseer om sodoende die laserkragbron te optimeer. Daar is bevind dat stabiele laserontladings verkry kan word met spanningstygtye van 150 ns of minder. Verder kan die uittree-energie van die laser beduidend verhoog word deur die uittreekapasitore (eng.: peaking capacitors) van die laserkragbron te verminder. Die twee serie-geskakelde IGBT’s skakel ’n C-C oordraglus. Die spanning van die gegenereerde puls word deur ’n pulstransformator verhoog en die stygtyd van die puls word met ’n twee-stadium magnetiese pulskompressor verlaag. Teoreties en deur metings kan getoon word dat eweredige spanningsverdeling tussen die twee IGBT’s outomaties verkry kan word indien die skakeltye van die IGBT’s baie vinniger as die oordragstyd van die C-C oordraglus is. Toetse het getoon dat IGBT’s pulse met piekstrome van tussen vier tot vyf keer die gespesifiseerde gemiddelde stroom betroubaar kan skakel. Tydens laserfouttoestande kan die betroubaarheid van die IGBT verhoog word deur oorspanningsgapsers te gebruik, maar onder fouttoestande wat voortduur, kan die IGBT se interne diode vemietig word. Die komponente van die laserkragbron is as modules vervaardig, wat op ’n maklike wyse gemonteer kan word. ’n Nuwe reghoekige uitleg is gebruik vir die konstruksie van die magnetiese pulskompressor, waarmee die grootte van die pulskompressor geminimeer en die konstruksie vergemaklik is.
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Kirilov, Emil. "Development of necessary ion traps, vacuum and laser systems for photoionization, laser cooling and quantum state engineering of trapped Strontium ions." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1481672311&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Matos, Carolina Thieleke da Silva Macedo. "Interaction of malaria parasites with host late endocytic and autophagic pathways is essential for Plasmodium liver stage development." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/12157.
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RESUMO: A Malária é causada por parasitas do género Plasmodium, sendo a doença parasitária mais fatal para o ser humano. Apesar de, durante o século passado, o desenvolvimento económico e a implementação de diversas medidas de controlo, tenham permitido erradicar a doença em muitos países, a Malária continua a ser um problema de saúde grave, em particular nos países em desenvolvimento.
A Malária é transmitida através da picada de uma fêmea de mosquito do género Anopheles. Durante a picada, os esporozoítos são injetados na pele do hospedeiro, seguindo-se a fase hepática e obrigatória do ciclo de vida. No fígado, os esporozoítos infetam os hepatócitos onde se replicam, dentro de um vacúolo parasitário (VP) e de uma forma imunitária silenciosa, em centenas de merozoitos. Estas novas formas do parasita são as responsáveis por infetar os eritrócitos, iniciando a fase sanguínea da doença, onde se os primeiros sintomas se manifestam, tais como a característica febre cíclica. A fase hepática da doença é a menos estudada e compreendida. Mais ainda, as interações entre o VP e os organelos da células hospedeira estão ainda pouco caracterizados. Assim, neste estudo, as interações entre os organelos endocíticos e autofágicos da célula hospedeira e o VP foram dissecados, observando-se que os anfisomas, que são organelos resultantes da intersecção do dois processos de tráfego intracelular, interagem com o parasita. Descobrimos que a autofagia tem também uma importante função imunitária durante a fase hepática inicial, ao passo, que durante o desenvolvimento do parasita, já numa fase mais tardia, o parasita depende da interação com os endossomas tardios e anfisomas para crescer. Vesiculas de BSA, EGF e LC3, foram, também, observadas dentro do VP, sugerindo que os parasitas são capazes de internalizar material endocítico e autofágico do hospedeiro. Mais ainda, mostramos que esta interação depende da cinase PIKfyve, responsável pela conversão do fosfoinositidio-3-fosfato no fosfoinositidio-3,5-bifosfato, uma vez que inibindo esta cinase o parasita não é capaz de crescer normalmente. Finalmente, mostramos que a proteína TRPML1, uma proteína efetora do fosfoinositidio-3,5-bifosfato, e envolvida no processo de fusão das membranas dos organelos endocíticos e autofágicos, também é necessária para o crescimento do parasita. Desta forma, o nosso estudo sugere que a membrana do VP funde com vesiculas endocíticas e autofágicas tardias, de uma forma dependente do fositidio-3,5-bifosfato e do seu effetor TRPML1, permitindo a troca de material com a célula hospedeira.
Concluindo, os nossos resultados evidenciam que o processo autofágico que ocorre na célula hospedeira tem um papel duplo durante a fase hepática da malaria. Enquanto numa fase inicial os hepatócitos usam o processo autofágico como forma de defesa contra o parasita, já durante a fase de replicação o VP funde com vesiculas autofágicas e endocíticas de forma a obter os nutrientes necessários ao seu desenvolvimento.--------- ABSTRACT: Malaria, which is caused by parasites of the genus Plasmodium, is the most deadly parasitic infection in humans. Although economic development and the implementation of control measures during the last century have erradicated the disease from many areas of the world, it remains a serious human health issue, particularly in developing countries.
Malaria is transmitted by female mosquitoes of the genus Anopheles. During the mosquito blood meal, Plasmodium spp. sporozoites are injected into the skin dermis of the vertebrate host, followed by an obligatory liver stage. Upon entering the liver, Plasmodium parasites infect hepatocytes and silently replicate inside a host cell-derived parasitophorous vacuole (PV) into thousands of merozoites. These new parasite forms can infect red blood cells initiating the the blood stage of the disease which shows the characteristic febrile malaria episodes. The liver stage is the least characterized step of the malaria infection. Moreover, the interactions between the Plasmodium spp. PV and the host cell trafficking pathways are poorly understood. We dissected the interaction between Plasmodium parasites and the host cell endocytic and autophagic pathways and we found that both pathways intersect and interconnect in the close vicinity of the parasite PV, where amphisomes are formed and accumulate. Interestingly, we observed a clearance function for autophagy in hepatocytes infected with Plasmodium berghei parasites at early infection times, whereas during late liver stage development late endosomes and amphisomes are required for parasite growth. Moreover, we found the presence of internalized BSA, EGF and LC3 inside parasite vacuoles, suggesting that the parasites uptake endocytic and autophagic cargo. Furthermore, we showed that the interaction between the PV and host traffic pathways is dependent on the kinase PIKfyve, which converts the phosphoinositide PI(3)P into PI(3,5)P2, since PIKfyve inhibition caused a reduction in parasite growth. Finally, we showed that the PI(3,5)P2 effector protein TRPML1, which is involved in late endocytic and autophagic membrane fusion, is also required for parasite development. Thus, our studies suggest that the parasite parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) is able to fuse with late endocytic and autophagic vesicles in a PI(3,5)P2- and TRPML1-dependent manner, allowing the exchange of material between the host cell and the parasites, necessary for the rapid development of the latter that is seen during the liver stage of infection. In conclusion, we present evidence supporting a specific and essential dual role of host autophagy during the course of Plasmodium liver infection. Whereas in the initial hours of infection the host cell uses autophagy as a cell survival mechanism to fight the infection, during the replicative phase the PV fuses with host autophagic and endocytic vesicles to obtain nutrients required for parasite growth.
Books on the topic "Later stage development"
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NATO Advanced Study Institute on Solid State Lasers: New Developments and Applications (1992 Tuscany, Italy). Solid state lasers: New developments and applications. New York: Plenum Press, 1993.
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Hopps, Nicholas William. Solid state laser development and the use of phase conjugate resonators or laser diode excitation. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1996.
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Park, Hyoun. The development of a multi-stage nitrogen laser for detailed photochromic flow visualization. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1993.
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Planning for children's play and learning: Meeting children's needs in the later stages of EYFS. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2009.
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Heinbockel, J. H. Three-dimensional models of conventional and vertical junction laser-photovoltaic energy converters. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1988.
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Heinbockel, J. H. Three-dimensional models of conventional and vertical junction laser-photovoltaic energy converters. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1988.
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Heinbockel, J. H. Three-dimensional models of conventional and vertical junction laser-photovoltaic energy converters. Hampton, Va: Langley Research Center, 1988.
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Heinbockel, J. H. Three-dimensional models of conventional and vertical junction laser-photovoltaic energy converters. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1988.
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Kavaya, M. J. Theory of CW lidar aerosol backscatter measurements and development of a 2.1-um solid-state pulsed laser radar for aerosol backscatter profiling. Huntsville, Ala: George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1991.
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Russ, Sandra W., Jessica D. Hoffmann, and James C. Kaufman, eds. The Cambridge Handbook of Lifespan Development of Creativity. Cambridge University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781108755726.
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This handbook focuses on the development and nurturance of creativity across the lifespan, from early childhood to adolescence, adulthood, and later life. It answers the question: how can we help individuals turn their creative potential into achievement? Each chapter examines various contexts in which creativity exists, including school, workplace, community spaces, and family life. It covers various modalities for fostering creativity such as play, storytelling, explicit training procedures, shifting of attitudes about creative capacity, and many others. The authors review research findings across disciplines, encompassing the work of psychologists, educators, neuroscientists, and creators themselves, to describe the best practices for fostering creativity at each stage of development.
Book chapters on the topic "Later stage development"
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Huang, Qizhi, Changlin Liao, Ruifeng Wang, Min Feng, Chujuan Kang, Xuanyu Yang, and Wangmin. "Differential Adjustment Technology in the Mid-Later Development Stage of Oversea Stratified Sandstone Oilfield." In Springer Series in Geomechanics and Geoengineering, 1263–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-0761-5_118.
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Murdock, Elke, Marceline Filbig, and Rita Borges Neves. "Unemployment at 50+: Economic and Psychosocial Consequences." In International Perspectives on Aging, 47–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51406-8_4.
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AbstractThroughout the lifespan, unemployment has severe consequences in terms of economic exclusion, and overall social exclusion, but is compounded in older age. Within the EU, a growing number of older adults (50+) are affected by joblessness. Job loss at a later stage in a professional career may determine an early and permanent exit from the labour market with significant psychosocial consequences. Herein lies the age-specific risk for older unemployed adults: once becoming unemployed they are at greater risk at staying unemployed. As a result, older unemployed people may face income cuts, deprivation of a central adulthood role and their mental and physical health may suffer. In this chapter, we draw attention to the latent functions of work, and the psychosocial consequences of job loss in later life. Applying a life-course perspective, the aim of this chapter is to explore how job loss can be framed as a form of acute economic exclusion, and how this exclusion can have significant implications for poor mental health. In a context of rising retirement ages, and the lack of preparedness of the labour market to deal with an ageing workforce, it is essential to understand these dynamics to guide policy development.
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Hanna, D. C. "Developments in Solid State Lasers." In Laser/Optoelektronik in der Technik / Laser/Optoelectronics in Engineering, 68–75. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-82638-2_13.
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Arnaud, Laurent, and Ronald van Vollenhoven. "Therapies in late-stage clinical development." In Advanced Handbook of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, 109–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43035-5_6.
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Wang, Julia, and Surya Mohanty. "Statistical Graphics in Late Stage Drug Development." In A Picture is Worth a Thousand Tables, 241–53. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5329-1_12.
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Jonker, Jan, and Niels Faber. "The Value Proposition." In Organizing for Sustainability, 57–71. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78157-6_5.
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AbstractA business model is a description of how value creation is organized, underpinned by a value proposition. Such a proposition solves a problem or appeals to new, often yet undiscovered needs. Value creation has several facets. This building block offers a framework of five positions of value creation from which to choose and links it to strategies you can use. This in turn is then linked to the possibility of creating change with your business model-to-be. The more precisely you align the nature of those values and the change you would like to create, the better you will be able to design an appropriate (organizational) logic at a later stage. Formulating a clear and compelling value proposition is crucial in the development of a business model. It gives direction to the strategy, to the stakeholders with whom you could take these steps, and to what impact you expect to realize.
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Bowles, Paul. "The developmental state and late industrialization." In The Essential Guide to Critical Development Studies, 225–34. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2017.: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315612867-18.
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Grillo, Adeola O. "Late-Stage Formulation Development and Characterization of Biopharmaceuticals." In Formulation and Process Development Strategies for Manufacturing Biopharmaceuticals, 161–71. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470595886.ch7.
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Roychoudhury, Satrajit, Arunava Chakravartty, and Pabak Mukhopadhyay. "Use of Adaptive Design in Late-Stage Oncology Trials." In Statistical Approaches in Oncology Clinical Development, 125–45. Boca Raton: Taylor & Francis, 2018.: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315154435-7.
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Pappalardo, R. G. "Recent Developments in Phosphor Materials." In Spectroscopy of Solid-State Laser-Type Materials, 397–429. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0899-7_12.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Later stage development"
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Guo, Jiale. "Determination of well pattern density in the later stage of water flooding oilfield development." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON GREEN ENERGY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT (GESD 2019). AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5116447.
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JUCHNEVIČIENĖ, Aistė, and Ilona VAGUSEVIČIENĖ. "THE DYNAMICS OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS IN WINTER WHEAT LEAVES WHEN USING NITROGEN FERTILISERS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.033.
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The paper investigates the effect of nitrogen fertilisers on the amount of photosynthetic pigments in winter wheat leaves. The research was carried out in the period between 2012 and 2013 at the Experimental Station of Aleksandras Stulginskis University in carbonate shallow gleyic leached soil, (Calc(ar)i-Epihypogleyic Luvisol). The object of investigation: winter wheat cultivars ‘Zentos’ and ‘Ada’. Granular superphosphate (P60) and potassium chloride (K60) fertilisers were spread during sowing, while amonium nitrate (N60) was used in tillering time (BBCH 23–25), after the vegetative growth had resumed. Additionally, the plants were treated with foliar fertiliser urea solution: N30, N40 at booting stage (BBCH 34–36) and N15, N30 at milk ripening stage (BBCH 71–74). After the analysis of the data, it was established that additional fertilization with N30 and N40 fertiliser application rates at later stages of plant development stimulated the accumulation of photosynthetic pigments and prolonged the period of active photosynthesis. Irrespective of treatment with nitrogen fertilisers, genetic properties of the cultivar also had influence on the accumulation of the pigments. Wheat cultivar ‘Zentos’ tended to accumulate larger amounts of pigments. The highest amounts of pigments were found at the beginning of milk ripening stage before additional treatment with N15, N30 fertiliser application rates.
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Muslimov, R. Kh, R. S. Khisamov, and R. R. Ibatullin. "Challenges and Perspectives of Eor Methods at the Later Stage of Oil Field Development in Tatarstan." In IOR 2003 - 12th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.7.b029.
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Yang, Yan, Zhi-bin Liu, and Yi-hua Zhong. "Application of Data Mining in Development Index Forecast of an Oilfield during the Middle and Later Stage." In 2009 WRI World Congress on Computer Science and Information Engineering. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csie.2009.390.
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Roché, Matthew, Lindsay Cherneski, Olivia Handley, Selene Capodarca, Samuel Frank, Rebecca Fuller, Michael Orth, Jamie Levey, Eileen Neacy, and Cristina Sampaio. "F10 Development of assessments for later stage huntington’s disease: HD structured interview of function and HD clinical status questionnaire." In EHDN Abstracts 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2021-ehdn.53.
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Roché, MW, S. Capodarca, P. Winkowski, OJ Handley, S. Frank, RLM Fuller, M. Orth, J. Levey, E. Neacy, and C. Sampaio. "F24 Development of assessments for later stage Huntington’s disease: HD-structured interview of function and HD clinical status questionnaire." In EHDN 2022 Plenary Meeting, Bologna, Italy, Abstracts. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2022-ehdn.115.
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Sun, Wei, Elliot L. Chaikof, and Marc E. Levenston. "Development and Finite Element Implementation of a Nearly Incompressible Structural Constitutive Model for Artery Substitute Design." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193164.
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Compliance mismatch between a host artery and a vascular graft causes hemodynamic disturbance and stress concentration, which may lead to thrombus formation at an early stage and to neointimal hyperplasisa near the anastomosis at a later stage [1]. To optimal design artery substitutes, the requirements of geometric and compliance matching at mean blood pressure must be determined and used to guide the fabrication of the unloaded conduit with proper diameter and wall thickness. Given the range and complexity of structural behaviors that can be produced by independently varying structural properties of individual layers (fiber type, density, orientation and layer thickness), a sophisticated computational model is required to determine these conduit design parameters. In this paper, a novel nearly incompressible structural model was formulated and implemented into the commercial finite element code ABAQUS (Pawtucket, RI) for finite element artery inflation simulations. The profound artery compliance changes due to variations of fiber properties, the nearly incompressibility control parameter D, and different properties of intima-media and adventitia were investigated.
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Rodgers, C., and D. Brown. "Performance Test Diagnosis of a Compact Two Stage High Pressure Ratio Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22038.
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The intent of this paper was to resolve significant performance shortfalls encountered during the development of a small two stage research 15.0:1 centrifugal compressor designed fabricated and tested in the late 1990’s. The emphasis of the research project was on the aerodynamic flowpath that eliminates use of a large external diameter radial cross-over duct. This was achieved with an innovative small diameter “Sbend” crossover duct, using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) tools of the later 1990’s era to assist in the design process. Test results revealed major performance shortfalls stemming from limited efficient operating ranges of both the 1st stage mixed flow impeller and mixed flow diffuser, which precipitated stage mismatching consequently confining both 1st stage components to operate in semi-stalled modes. The performance of the conventional 2nd stage centrifugal compressor however met design expectations. Eventually program cost limitations curtailed further testing and intended supplementary CFD analyses of the performance deficiencies with more refined computational techniques. During the elapsed decade turbomachinery CFD codes have been extensively refined prompting this renewed diagnosis of the 1st stage mixed flow impeller, mixed flow diffuser and Sbend duct as described within.
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Mei, Yuan, Jian Shuai, Sheng Qi, and Zhonghong Huang. "Numerical Simulation on the Influence of Elbow Structure on Hydrogen Flame Propagation Process in Pipes." In ASME 2022 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2022-84144.
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Abstract Combustible gas accounts for an increasing proportion of energy in countries. As the main transportation tool of combustible gas, the safety of pipeline has always been the focus of researchers. When the gas explodes, the accident consequences are greatly affected by the pipeline structure. The study on the hydrogen explosion characteristics of a typical pipe structure (elbow structure) is carried out in the paper. The results show that in pipes with large elbow angles, the flame front can form local cavity regions as flame passes through the elbows. The influence of elbow structure on flame propagation is mainly concentrated in the middle and late stages. In the middle stage, the elbow structure creates a relatively closed space in advance, so that the speed peak-2 occurs earlier than the straight pipe. In the later stage, the acceleration effect produced by the outer wall (concave wall) plays a leading role, and the flame accelerates for the third time after passing through the elbow. There is an interactive relationship between the development of the explosion overpressure and the flame propagation in the elbow.
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Lang, Jinhua, Wuli Chu, Haoguang Zhang, Shan Ma, and Xiangyi Chen. "Investigation of In-Stall Behavior in a Transonic Compressor Rotor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63759.
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This paper shows the results of three-dimensional multi-passage numerical simulations on a transonic compressor, NASA compressor Rotor 37. The aim is to investigate the unsteady flow on the stall condition and elucidate the dynamic evolution mechanism of the rotating stall. Three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations with the Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model were solved to analyze the fluid flow in the transonic axial compressor. Before the study of the stall flow, grid independence and data correctness were well validated. A new parameter B is defined to assess the blockage effect during the stall development. As shown in the results, with the development of the rotating stall, the blockage effect increases slowly before the 18th revolution in unsteady numerical simulation, and then increases dramatically in the following revolutions. Thus, the whole process of stall evolution can be divided into two stages, i.e. stall stage I and stall stage II. The stall stage I is the first 18th revolutions, while the stall stage II refers to the period after the18th revolution. Further analyses of the instantaneous flow field show that the interaction between the tip leakage flow and the detached shock wave induces the breakdown of the leakage vortex. As the broken leakage vortex moves downstream, the low energy flow is rolled up. At the middle of the channel, the trajectory of the vortex core inclines to the PS of adjacent blade under the influence of the adverse pressure gradient, and an obvious new vortex is formed. During the development process of the rotating stall, the blockage is primarily induced by the tip leakage vortex and the new vortex. In the stall stage I, the evolution of the blockage area near the tip is periodic affected by the self-sustaineed process of tip leakage vortex. The self-sustained phenomenon will be illustrated in detail later. In the stall stage II, the whole passage is blocked at 99% blade span, and the spillage flow is observed throughout the whole stage. These flow charicteristics are regarded as signs of a rapid deterioration of the flow field. A vicious cycle is seen as the main reason for the rapid deterioration of the flow field, and the vicious cycle will be explained in detail later.
Reports on the topic "Later stage development"
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Kearns, Nick, and William Beale. Show me the Money: Perspectives on Applying for Government Research and Development Co-funding. Unitec ePress, October 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.34074/ocds.022.
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In 2012-14 Unitec Institute of Technology (in partnership with The Innovation Workshop) carried out research into the application process for New Zealand Government Research & Development [R&D] co-funding administered by the Ministry of Science & Innovation (now Callaghan Innovation Ltd). This research revealed widespread applicant frustration with the application criteria and process. A significant problem perceived by High Value Manufacturing and Service Small Medium Enterprises (HVMS SME) businesses is the focus of R&D funding on product innovation followed by a lack of funding to support later stage commercialisation of products. This later stage of product and market development is excluded from Callaghan Innovation co-funding, leading to ‘prototypes-on-a-shelf’. Applicants also found the process time consuming, due to the complexity of the application questions and the delays in response from the funding network of regional funding partners and the Government Ministry. HVMS SME often used consultants to help manage the application, which is frowned upon by both the regional funding partners and Callaghan Innovation, despite the high levels of co-funding success from these applicants. This work has been carried out during the establishment period of Callaghan Innovation Ltd and some of the above issues may be historic and/or transitional as the institutional arrangements change. This research records the HVMS SME experience in applying for R&D co-funding. Consideration of the user experience, captured in this research, may reveal opportunities to improve the process with better outcomes for the applicants and the economy.
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Newton, Ronald, Joseph Riov, and John Cairney. Isolation and Functional Analysis of Drought-Induced Genes in Pinus. United States Department of Agriculture, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568752.bard.
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Drought is a common factor limiting timber production in the U.S. and Israel. Loblolly (Pinus taeda) and alleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) seedling survival is reduced when out planted, and growth and reproduction are often hindered by periodic droughts during later stages of tree development. Molecular and gene responses to drought stress have not been characterized. The objectives were to characterize drought-induced gene clones from these pines, to determine the effects of a growth regulator on drought tolerance, ABA levels, and drought-induced gene expression in alleppo pine, and to develop procedures for loblolly pine transformation. Nearly 20 cDNA clones influenced by gradual, prolonged drought stress have been isolated. Many of these have been shown to be induced by drought stress, whereas several others are down-regulated. These are the first drought-induced genes isolated from a pine species. Two genomic clones (lp5-1 and lp3-1) have been sequenced and characterized, and each has been found to be associated with a gene family. Clone lp5 appears to code for a cell wall protein, and clone lp3 codes for a nuclear protein. The former may be associated with changing the elastic properties of the cell wall, while the latter may be involved in signal transduction and/or protection from desiccation in the nucleus. Clone lp3 is similar to a drought-induced gene from tomato and is regulated by ABA. Several DNA sequences that are specific to induction during growth-retardation in alleppo pine by uniconazole have been identified. The active DNA species is now being identified. Promoters from genomic clones, lp3 and lp5, have been sequenced. Both are functional when fused with the gus reporter gene and transferred to other plant tissues as well as responding to a simulated drought stress. Through exodeletion analysis, it has been established that the promoter ABRE element of lp3 responds to ABA and that drought-induction of lp3 expression may also involve ABA. Stable tobacco transformants carrying either the lp5 or the lp3 promoter fused to a reporter gus gene have been obtained. The lp5lgus fusion was expressed at several stages of tobacco development and differentiation including the reproductive stage. There was no difference in phenotype between the transformants and the wild type. Embryogenesis procedures were developed for slash pine, but attempts to couple this process with gene transfer and plantlet transformation were not successful. Transformation of pine using Agrobacterium appears tractable, but molecular data supporting stable integration of the Agrobacterium-transferred gene are still inconclusive.
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Nechaev, V., Володимир Миколайович Соловйов, and A. Nagibas. Complex economic systems structural organization modelling. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1118.
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One of the well-known results of the theory of management is the fact, that multi-stage hierarchical organization of management is unstable. Hence, the ideas expressed in a number of works by Don Tapscott on advantages of network organization of businesses over vertically integrated ones is clear. While studying the basic tendencies of business organization in the conditions of globalization, computerization and internetization of the society and the results of the financial activities of the well-known companies, the authors arrive at the conclusion, that such companies, as IBM, Boeing, Mercedes-Benz and some others companies have not been engaged in their traditional business for a long time. Their partner networks performs this function instead of them. The companies themselves perform the function of system integrators. The Tapscott’s idea finds its confirmation within the framework of a new powerful direction of the development of the modern interdisciplinary science – the theory of the complex networks (CN) [2]. CN-s are multifractal objects, the loss of multifractality being the indicator of the system transition from more complex state into more simple state. We tested the multifractal properties of the data using the wavelet transform modulus maxima approach in order to analyze scaling properties of our company. Comparative analysis of the singularity spectrumf(®), namely, the difference between maximum and minimum values of ® (∆ = ®max ¡ ®min) shows that IBM company is considerably more fractal in comparison with Apple Computer. Really, for it the value of ∆ is equal to 0.3, while for the vertically integrated company Apple it only makes 0.06 – 5 times less. The comparison of other companies shows that this dependence is of general character. Taking into consideration the fact that network organization of business has become dominant in the last 5-10 years, we carried out research for the selected companies in the earliest possible period of time which was determined by the availability of data in the Internet, or by historically later beginning of stock trade of computer companies. A singularity spectrum of the first group of companies turned out to be considerably narrower, or shifted toward the smaller values of ® in the pre-network period. The latter means that dynamic series were antipersistant. That is, these companies‘ management was rigidly controlled while the impact of market mechanisms was minimized. In the second group of companies if even the situation did changed it did not change for the better. In addition, we discuss applications to the construction of portfolios of stock that have a stable ratio of risk to return.
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Blumwald, Eduardo, and Avi Sadka. Sugar and Acid Homeostasis in Citrus Fruit. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697109.bard.
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Citrus fruit quality standards have been determined empirically, depending on species and on the particular growing regions. In general, the TSS (total soluble solids) to total acidity (TA) ratio determines whether citrus fruit can be marketed. Soluble sugars account for most of the TSS during harvest while TA is determined almost solely by the citric acid content, which reaches levels of 1-5% by weight in many cultivated varieties. Acid and sugar homeostasis in the fruit is critical for the management of existing cultivars, the development of new cultivars, the improvement of pre- and post-harvest strategies and the control of fruit quality and disorders. The current proposal (a continuation of a previous proposal) aimed at: (1) completing the citrus fruit proteome and metabolome, and establish a citrus fruit functional database, (2) further characterization of the control of fruit acidity by studying the regulation of key steps affecting citrate metabolism, and determine the fate of citrate during acid decline stage, and (3) Studying acid and sugar homeostasis in citrus fruits by characterizing transport mechanisms across membranes. These aims were completed as the following: (1) Our initial efforts were aimed at the characterization and identification of citric acid transporters in citrus juice cells. The identification of citrate transporters at the vacuole of the citrus juice cell indicated that the steady-state citrate cytosolic concentration and the action of the cytosolic aconitase were key elements in establishing the pH homeostat in the cell that regulates the metabolic shift towards carbon usage in the fruit during the later stages of fruit development. We focused on the action of aconitase, the enzyme mediating the metabolic use of citric acid in the cells, and identified processes that control carbon fluxes in developing citrus fruits that control the fruit acid load; (2) The regulation of aconitase, catalyzing a key step in citrate metabolism, was further characterized by using two inhibitors, citramalte and oxalomalte. These compounds significantly increased citrate content and reduced the enzyme’s activity. Metabolite profiling and changes of amino-acid metabolizing enzymes in oxalomalate- treated cells suggested that the increase in citrate, caused by aconitase inhibition, induces amino acid synthesis and the GABA shunt, in accordance with the suggested fate of citrate during the acid decline stage in citrus fruit. (3) We have placed a considerable amount of time on the development of a citrus fruit proteome that will serve to identify all of the proteins in the juice cells and will also serve as an aid to the genomics efforts of the citrus research community (validating the annotation of the fruit genes and the different ESTs). Initially, we identified more than 2,500 specific fruit proteins and were able to assign a function to more than 2,100 proteins (Katz et al., 2007). We have now developed a novel Differential Quantitative LC-MS/MS Proteomics Methodology for the identification and quantitation of key biochemical pathways in fruits (Katz et al., 2010) and applied this methodology to identify determinants of key traits for fruit quality (Katz et al., 2011). We built “biosynthesis maps” that will aid in defining key pathways associated with the development of key fruit quality traits. In addition, we constructed iCitrus (http://wiki.bioinformatics.ucdavis.edu/index.php/ICitrus), a “functional database” that is essentially a web interface to a look-up table that allows users to use functional annotations in the web to identify poorly annotated citrus proteins. This resource will serve as a tool for growers and field extension specialists.
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Kholoshyn, I., T. Nazarenko, O. Bondarenko, O. Hanchuk, and I. Varfolomyeyeva. The application of geographic information systems in schools around the world: a retrospective analysis. IOP Publishing, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4560.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70 s – early 90s of the 20th century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the 20th century – the beginning of the 21st century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Тетяна Геннадіївна Назаренко, Ольга Володимирівна Бондаренко, Олена Вікторівна Ганчук, and Ірина Миколаївна Варфоломєєва. The Application of Geographic Information Systems in Schools around the World: a Retrospective Analysis. КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3924.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70s – early 90s of the XX century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Холошин, Ігор Віталійович, Тетяна Геннадіївна Назаренко, Ольга Володимирівна Бондаренко, Олена Вікторівна Ганчук, and Ірина Миколаївна Варфоломєєва. The Application of Geographic Information Systems in Schools around the World: a Retrospective Analysis. КДПУ, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3924.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the problem of incorporation geographic information systems (GIS) in world school practice. The authors single out the stages of GIS application in school geographical education based on the retrospective analysis of the scientific literature. The first stage (late 70s – early 90s of the XX century) is the beginning of the first educational GIS programs and partnership agreements between schools and universities. The second stage (mid-90s of the XX century – the beginning of the XXI century) comprises the distribution of GIS-educational programs in European and Australian schools with the involvement of leading developers of GIS-packages (ESRI, Intergraph, MapInfo Corp., etc.). The third stage (2005–2012) marks the spread of the GIS school education in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America; on the fourth stage (from 2012 to the present) geographic information systems emerge in school curricula in most countries. The characteristics of the GIS-technologies development stages are given considering the GIS didactic possibilities for the study of school geography, as well as highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.
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Furman, Alex, Jan Hopmans, Shmuel Assouline, Jirka Simunek, and Jim Richards. Soil Environmental Effects on Root Growth and Uptake Dynamics for Irrigated Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7592118.bard.
Full textAbstract:
Root water uptake is perhaps the most important unknown in the mass balance of hydrological and agricultural systems. The understanding and the ability to predict root uptake and the way it is influence by environmental conditions has great potential in increasing water and fertilizer use efficiency and allowing better control of water and contaminant leach towards groundwater. This BARD supported research is composed of several components, including a) intensive laboratory work for the quantification of root uptake and the way it is controlled by environmental conditions; b) development of tools for laboratory and field use that can help in sensing very low water fluxes and water content, which is a necessity for studying root uptake; c) development of capabilities to model compensated root uptake; and d) development of a database that will allow calibration of such a model. In addition some auxiliary research was performed as reported later. Some of the components, and especially the modeling and the HPP development, were completed in the framework of the project and even published in the international literature. The completed components provide a modeling environment that allows testing root compensated uptake modeling, a tool that is extremely important for true mechanistic understanding of root uptake and irrigation design that is based on mechanistic and not partially based myth. The new button HPP provides extended level of utilization of this important tool. As discussed below, other components did not get to maturity stage during the period of the project, but comprehensive datasets were collected and will be analyzed in the near future. A comprehensive dataset of high temporal and spatial resolution water contents for two different setups was recorded and should allow us understanding f the uptake at these fine resolutions. Additional important information about root growth dynamics and its dependence in environmental conditions was achieved in both Israel and the US. Overall, this BARD supported project provided insight on many important phenomena related to root uptake and to high resolution monitoring in the vadose zone. Although perhaps not to the level that we initially hoped for, we achieved better understanding of the related processes, better modeling capabilities, and better datasets that will allow continuation of this effort in the near future.
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Cohen, Jerry D., and Ephraim Epstein. Metabolism of Auxins during Fruit Development and Ripening. United States Department of Agriculture, August 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7573064.bard.
Full textAbstract:
We had proposed to look at several aspects of auxin metabolism in fruit tissues: 1) IAA biosynthesis from tryptophan and IAA biosynthesis via the non-tryptophan pathway; 2) changes in the capacity to form conjugates and catabolites of auxin at different times during fruit development and; 3) the effects of modifying auxin metabolism in fruit tissues. The latter work focused primarily on the maize iaglu gene, with initial studies also using a bacterial gene for hydrolysis of IAA-aspartate. These metabolic and molecular studies were necessary to define potential benefits of auxin metabolism modification and will direct future efforts for crop improvement by genetic methods. An in vitro system was developed for the production of tomato fruit in culture starting from immature flowers in order to ascertain the effect of auxin modification on fruit ripening. IAA supplied to the fruit culture media prior to breaker stage resulted in an increase in the time period between breaker and red-ripe stages from 7 days without additional IAA to 12 days when 10-5 M IAA was added. These results suggest that significant changes in the ripening period could be obtained by alteration of auxin relationships in tomato fruit. We generated transgenic tomato plants that express either the maize iaglu gene or reduced levels of the gene that encodes the enzyme IAA-glucose synthetase. A modified shuttle vector pBI 121 expressing the maize iaglu gene in both sense and antisense orientations under a 35S promoter was used for the study. The sense plants showed total lack of root initiation and development. The antisense transgenic plants, on the other hand, had unusually well developed root systems at early stages in development. Analysis showed that the amount and activity of the endogenous 75 kDa IAGLU protein was reduced in these plants and consequently these plants had reduced levels of IAA-glucose and lower overall esterified IAA.
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Haggart, J. W., L. T. Dafoe, K. M. Bell, G L Williams, E. T. Burden, L. D. Currie, R. A. Fensome, and A. R. Sweet. Historical development of a litho- and biostratigraphic framework for onshore Cretaceous-Paleocene deposits along western Baffin Bay. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321828.
Full textAbstract:
Cretaceous-Paleogene strata along the eastern coast of Baffin Island, on Bylot Island, and on associated islands north of Cape Dyer, have been known since the early days of exploration of Baffin Bay in the mid-nineteenth century. Studies of these strata in the 1970s-1990s established their clastic nature and revealed details of their stratigraphy, ages, and depositional settings. Onshore strata in the Cape Dyer area accumulated in close association with volcanic deposits related to late-stage rifting in the Late Cretaceous to Early Paleocene that eventually formed Baffin Bay. In contrast, deposits in more northerly areas, such as the Eclipse and North Bylot troughs on Bylot Island, exhibit similar clastic rocks, but lack conspicuous volcanic strata, and have been associated with either the Sverdrup Basin or the Baffin Bay rift. The litho- and biostratigraphy of these deposits are summarized and discussed in terms of differing and contrasting stratigraphic interpretations, age assignments, and depositional environments.