Books on the topic 'Latent space analysis'
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1
Kuffner, Emily. Fictions of Containment in the Spanish Female Picaresque. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462986800.
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This study examines the interdependence of gender, sexuality and space in the early modern period, which saw the inception of architecture as a discipline and gave rise to the first custodial institutions for women, including convents for reformed prostitutes. Meanwhile, conduct manuals established prescriptive mandates for female use of space, concentrating especially on the liminal spaces of the home. This work traces literary prostitution in the Spanish Mediterranean through the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, from the rise of courtesan culture in several key areas through the shift from tolerance of prostitution toward repression. Kuffner’s analysis pairs canonical and noncanonical works of fiction with didactic writing, architectural treatises, and legal mandates, tying the literary practice of prostitution to increasing control over female sexuality during the Counter Reformation. By tracing erotic negotiations in the female picaresque novel from its origins through later manifestations, she demonstrates that even as societal attitudes towards prostitution shifted dramatically, a countervailing tendency to view prostitution as an essential part of the social fabric undergirds many representations of literary prostitutes. Kuffner’s analysis reveals that the semblance of domestic enclosure figures as a primary erotic strategy in female picaresque fiction, allowing readers to assess the variety of strategies used by authors to comment on the relationship between unruly female sexuality and social order.
2
Afanas'ev, Mihail, Mihail Bendikov, and Stanislav Korunov. Fundamentals of the economy of space activities. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1018193.
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The textbook describes in detail the classification of space goods and services, the segments and sectors of the global space market, the development prospects and the positioning of Russian enterprises in them. The methodological feature of the course consists in new approaches to the segmentation of the market and areas of space activities, identifying their deep relationships with the space industry. The practical side of the course is aimed at studying the methodology and practice of space project management, space pricing, organization of placement and execution of space government orders, and market analytics. The tutorial contains test questions for each chapter, test tasks, and a wide selection of topics for course design. The subject of the course papers is related to the specific activities of the enterprises of the space industry. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for third-year undergraduate and graduate students specializing in the field of training 38.03.01 and 38.04.01 "Economics" in the specialties "Economics of Space activities", "Economics of high-tech industries".
3
Salvarani, Renata. The Body, the Liturgy and the City. Venice: Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-364-9.
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The body and the space are the fulcrums of dynamic relationships creating cultures, identities, societies. In the game of interactions between individuals, groups and space, religions play a crucial role. During a ritual performance takes place a true genesis of a sacred space. This work analyzes the theme from a historical point of view, with a focus on Christian medieval Latin liturgies. Indeed, for Christian theology, related with the dogma of the Incarnation, the chair is itself the place of the manifestation of the sacred. Liturgy makes present and gives with life a new body. Together it generates a space, that interacts with the entire urban society, inside the eschatological dialectic between earthly and heavenly city.
4
Hidalgo, Javiera Jaque, and Miguel A. Valerio. Indigenous and Black Confraternities in Colonial Latin America. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721547.
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Employing a transregional and interdisciplinary approach, this volume explores indigenous and black confraternities –or lay Catholic brotherhoods– founded in colonial Spanish America and Brazil between the sixteenth and eighteenth century. It presents a varied group of cases of religious confraternities founded by subaltern subjects, both in rural and urban spaces of colonial Latin America, to understand the dynamics and relations between the peripheral and central areas of colonial society, underlying the ways in which colonialized subjects navigated the colonial domain with forms of social organization and cultural and religious practices. The book analyzes indigenous and black confraternal cultural practices as forms of negotiation and resistance shaped by local devotional identities that also transgressed imperial religious and racial hierarchies. The analysis of these practices explores the intersections between ethnic identity and ritual devotion, as well as how the establishment of black and indigenous religious confraternities carried the potential to subvert colonial discourse.
5
Packevich, Alla. Model of the settlement system of the future. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/997136.
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The textbook is devoted to the issues of understanding the laws in the evolution of human consciousness and the formation of a pyramid of human values. For this purpose, the study analyzes the periodization of spatial structures and attempts to reproduce the logic of the process of consciousness development. The place of man in the system of cosmic evolution, the understanding of the process of transition from passive and unconscious human participation in evolution to active and conscious are comprehended. Brief information about the principles of the formation of the structure of space and the organization of systems of populated places is presented.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
It is intended for students of all forms of education of educational institutions of secondary vocational and higher education in the field of training "Architecture" , as well as for all those interested in the problems of territorial development.
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Damen, Mario, and Kim Overlaet, eds. Constructing and Representing Territory in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463726139.
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In recent political and constitutional history, scholars seldom specify how and why they use the concept of territory. In research on state formation processes and nation building, for instance, the term mostly designates an enclosed geographical area ruled by a central government. Inspired by ideas from political geographers, this book explores the layered and constantly changing meanings of territory in late medieval and early modern Europe before cartography and state formation turned boundaries and territories into more fixed (but still changeable) geographical entities. Its central thesis is that analysing the notion of territory in a premodern setting involves analysing territorial practices: practices that relate people and power to space(s). The book not only examines the construction and spatial structure of premodern territories but also explores their perception and representation through the use of a broad range of sources: from administrative texts to maps, from stained glass windows to chronicles.
7
Heyam, Kit. The Reputation of Edward II, 1305-1697. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463729338.
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During his lifetime and the four centuries following his death, King Edward II (1307-1327) acquired a reputation for having engaged in sexual and romantic relationships with his male favourites, and having been murdered by penetration with a red-hot spit. This book provides the first account of how this reputation developed, providing new insights into the processes and priorities that shaped narratives of sexual transgression in medieval and early modern England. In doing so, it analyses the changing vocabulary of sexual transgression in English, Latin and French; the conditions that created space for sympathetic depictions of same-sex love; and the use of medieval history in early modern political polemic. It also focuses, in particular, on the cultural impact of Christopher Marlowe’s Edward II (c.1591-92). Through such close readings of poetry and drama, alongside chronicle accounts and political pamphlets, it demonstrates that Edward’s medieval and early modern afterlife was significantly shaped by the influence of literary texts and techniques. A ‘literary transformation’ of historiographical methodology is, it argues, an apposite response to the factors that shaped medieval and early modern narratives of the past.
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Desmarais, Bruce A., and Skyler J. Cranmer. Statistical Inference in Political Networks Research. Edited by Jennifer Nicoll Victor, Alexander H. Montgomery, and Mark Lubell. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190228217.013.8.
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Researchers interested in statistically modeling network data have a well-established and quickly growing set of approaches from which to choose. Several of these methods have been regularly applied in research on political networks, while others have yet to permeate the field. This chapter reviews the most prominent methods of inferential network analysis for both cross-sectionally and longitudinally observed networks, including (temporal) exponential random graph models, latent space models, the quadratic assignment procedure, and stochastic actor oriented models. For each method, the chapter summarizes its analytic form, identifies prominent published applications in political science, and discusses computational considerations. It concludes with a set of guidelines for selecting a method for a given application.
9
Trobia, Alberto, and Fabio M. Lo Verde. Italian Amateur Pop-Rock Musicians on Facebook. Edited by Roger Mantie and Gareth Dylan Smith. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190244705.013.8.
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This chapter investigates how and why amateur musicians use social networking sites, employing a mixed-methods approach. Attention is focused on four big Italian Facebook communities of pop-rock musicians: drums, bass, guitar, and keyboard players (overall, 2,101 active users), analyzing the relational and textual data extracted from the web. The chapter analyzes the network structures emerging from the interactions among the users. It also identifies and maps the main areas of discussion (sound shaping, studio recording, marketplace, musical references, computer production, and relations) and the latent semantic dimension characterizing Facebook users’ activities, through social network analysis and lexical correspondence analysis. Meanings, values, aesthetics, and representations of amateur music making, emerging from the data, are framed within two orthogonal dimensions: theory versus praxis, and competence versus music production. The Italian singularity is then explained with respect to this space. Some theoretical conclusions are finally drawn.
10
Coqueiro, Wilma dos Santos. De mulheres e casas: O espaço romanesco e patriarcal em Rachel de Queiroz. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-328-2.
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This books, oriented towards a social critic perspective, analyses two novels by Rachel de Queiroz – Dôra, Doralina e Memorial de Maria Moura – in which the relationship between the female protagonists within the space is loaded with a symbolic value – land and house – which reveals and interprets women paradoxical evolution in patriarchal society rooted vigorously in the rural Brazil, mainly in the northeast of part of the country. In a first moment, it aimed to draw considerations in relation to the function of space in the novel both in the point of view of relevant analysis of Literary Theory as well as analysis yielded from Sociology and Cultural Anthropology. In a second moment, it aimed to characterize the rural patriarchal society in Brazil during the first half of XIX and XX century, showing land and house’s symbolical importance in this society as well as women’s relationship with those spaces. In a third moment, the novel Memorial de Maria Moura, in which the XIX century patriarchal society is reported, the relationship between the female protagonist and the spaces encompassing the land and house. And, last of all, it aimed to compare the aforementioned novel with Dôra, Doralina, in which the action unfolds in the same space, cearense and rural, one century later, in the first half of XX century, in order to verify a possible women evolution and their relationship in relation to those spaces. Rachel de Queiroz, in her novels here in analyzed, discusses the problematic of female protagonists confronting a patriarchal world, showing the female evolution, in this type of society, was slow, gradual and contradictory, seeming at many times even impossible to occur.
11
Arthur, Richard T. W. Leibniz on Time, Space, and Relativity. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192849076.001.0001.
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This work gives fresh interpretations of Gottfried Leibniz’s theories of time, space, and the relativity of motion, based on a thorough examination of Leibniz’s manuscripts as well as his published papers. These are analysed in historical context, but also with an eye to their contemporary relevance in the philosophy of time, space, and spacetime. Leibniz’s views on relativity have been extremely influential, first on Mach, and then on Einstein, while his attempts to provide a formal theory of space through his analysis situs inspired many later developments in geometry. Expounding this novel approach to geometry in some detail, Arthur explains its relationship to Leibniz’s metaphysics of space and the grounding of motion, and defends Leibniz’s views on the relativity of motion against charges of inconsistency. The brilliance of Leibniz’s work on time, though, has not been so well appreciated, and Arthur attempts to remedy this through a detailed discussion of Leibniz’s relational theory of time, showing how it underpins his theory of possible worlds, his complex account of contingency, and his highly original treatment of the continuity of time, providing formal treatments in an appendix. In other appendices, Arthur provides translations of previously untranslated writings by Leibniz on analysis situs and on Copernicanism, as well as an essay on Leibniz’s philosophy of relations. In his introductory chapter he explains the main theses of Leibniz’s non-idealist metaphysics he defended in his earlier Monads, Composition and Force (OUP 2018), and how they provide the framework for the interpretations presented here.
12
Richardson, Amanda. Gender and Space in the Later Middle Ages Past, Present, and Future Routes. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.33.
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This article traces approaches to social space back to the 1950s and the subsequent pursuit of the ‘rise of privacy’. It then delivers a historiography of late medieval gender and space since the 1990s under three main themes: sacred spaces (churches, nunneries, and monasteries), vernacular architecture, and high-status residences including gardens and deer parks. It is noted that from the mid-1990s the impulse to make women ‘visible’ was largely replaced by an emphasis on differences—and similarities—among and between women, men, and other social categories and contexts, such as urban and rural, and that recent studies have moved on to explore the transgression of gendered boundaries. Methodologies such as access analysis are discussed and suggestions are made for future research, including the opportunities afforded by GIS.
13
Hall, Peter A. Politics as a Process Structured in Space and Time. Edited by Orfeo Fioretos, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199662814.013.2.
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Historical institutionalism embraces models of the polity that acknowledge the impact on political action of the social, economic and political structures in which actors are embedded at particular times and places. In addition to examining how events affect the immediate outcome of interest, it considers how they restructure the institutional or ideological setting so as to condition outcomes at later periods in time. Through a comparison with alternative modes of analysis, this chapter outlines what it means to see politics as a structured process. Taking up the problem of plasticity raised by a second wave of historical institutional analysis, it considers how institutions might be dependent on social coalitions but still factors structuring politics by virtue of how they sustain those coalitions.
14
Zur Nieden, Gesa. Symmetries in Spaces, Symmetries in Listening. Edited by Christian Thorau and Hansjakob Ziemer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190466961.013.16.
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Based on the importance of the concept of symmetry in French sociological aesthetics circa 1900, this chapter analyzes the convergence of theaters, musical form, and musical understanding. The analysis focuses on architectural shape, audience response, and the musical repertoire in the new theaters built in Barcelona (1847), Paris (1862), and Rome (1880). While these theaters were fashioned after the baroque form of the “teatro all’italiana” that prevailed in Italy, France, and Spain during the late nineteenth century, they provided huge spaces accommodating a socially mixed audience within an architecturally symmetrical form. Music critics often aligned acoustic sound waves with actual visibility in the auditorium, and semicircular structures in the scenography on stage may have affected the reception of the musical performance. The newly built theaters arrived at a time when the “classical” music scene and a certain canon was developed, opposing the more “intellectual” audiences and repertories of contemporary music.
15
Staley, Lynn. Enclosed Spaces. Edited by James Simpson and Brian Cummings. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199212484.013.0007.
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Bede described Britain as a bountiful and beautiful island characterized by ethnic diversity, whereas Gildas viewed it as a fallen garden or bride. Bede and Gildas established the foundations of a nation whose boundaries enclosed people or peoples, a site of the struggles between individuals and of individuals. English historians from Gervase of Canterbury to Ralph of Diceto, William of Malmesbury, and William of Newburgh look at the history of Britain as a history instituted by Bede and Gildas, whose impulses to write geography as narrative are evident in the two most important histories of the later Middle Ages:Brutand Ranulf Higden’sPolychronicon. This article examines Britain as an enclosed space protected by the sea. It begins with an analysis of Andrew Marvell’s poem “Upon Appleton House” and locates Marvell within the company of those who wrote Britain’s history through its geography, particularly William Langland and Geoffrey Chaucer. It then describes the Wilton Diptych as an icon of sacred kingship and sacred geography.
16
Pang, Laikwan. The Allegory of Time and Space. Edited by Carlos Rojas and Andrea Bachner. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199383313.013.12.
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How did writers in Maoist China assume their role as authors, torn between self-expression and the political demands of the Party? How should we read the literary creations produced at a time in which literary works were not always candid expressions of the authors, but were manifestations of complex negotiations and self-censorship? This chapter provides a case study to illustrate these quandaries, focusing specifically on Tian Han’s historical dramas produced during the late 1950s. It illustrate how Tian Han tried to use historical and intercultural allegories to come to terms with contemporary happenings and offers an analysis of a rarely studied but extremely representative work,Princess Wencheng, that embodies the struggles of the Party and the Han intellectuals with the Tibetan problems during that time.
17
Herrera, Juan. Cartographic Memory. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478007494.
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In Cartographic Memory, Juan Herrera maps 1960s Chicano movement activism in the Latinx neighborhood of Fruitvale in Oakland, California, showing how activists there constructed a politics forged through productions of space. From Chicano-inspired street murals to the architecture of restaurants and shops, Herrera shows how Fruitvale’s communities and spaces serve as a palpable, living record of movement politics and achievements. Drawing on oral histories with Chicano activists, ethnography, and archival research, Herrera analyzes how activism has shaped Fruitvale. Herrera examines the ongoing nature of activism through nonprofit organizations and urban redevelopment projects like the Fruitvale Transit Village that root movements in place. Revealing that the social justice activism in Fruitvale fights for a space that does not yet exist, Herrera brings to life contentious politics about the nature of Chicanismo, Latinidad, and belonging while foregrounding the lasting social and material legacies of movements so often relegated to the past.
18
Green, Alexandra. Buddhist Visual Cultures, Rhetoric, and Narrative in Late Burmese Wall Paintings. Hong Kong University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888390885.001.0001.
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This volume draws upon art historical, anthropological, and religious studies methodologies to delineate the structures and details of late Burmese wall paintings and elucidate the religious, political, and social concepts driving the creation of this art form. The combination of architecture, paintings, sculpture, and literary traditions created a complete space in which devotees could interact with the Buddha through his biography. Through the standardization of a repertoire of specific forms, codes, and themes, the murals were themselves activating agents, spurring devotees to merit-making, worship, and other ritual practices, partially by establishing normative religious behavior and partly through visual incentives. Much of this was accomplished through the manipulation of space, and the volume contributes to the analysis of visual narratives by examining how the relationships between word and image, layouts, story and scene selection, and narrative themes both demonstrate and confirm social structures and changes, economic activities, and religious practices of seventeenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth century Burma. The visual material of the wall painting sites worked together with the sculpture and the architecture to create unified spaces in which devotees could interact with the Buddha. This analysis takes the narrative field beyond the concept that pictures are to be “read” and shows the multifarious and holistic ways in which they can be viewed. To enter temples of the seventeenth, eighteenth, and early nineteenth centuries was to enter a coherent space created by a visually articulated Burmese Buddhist world to which the devotee belonged by performing ritual activities within it.
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Machado, Carlos. Urban Space and Aristocratic Power in Late Antique Rome. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198835073.001.0001.
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This book analyses the physical, social, and cultural history of Rome in late antiquity. Between AD 270 and 535, the former capital of the Roman empire experienced a series of dramatic transformations in its size, appearance, political standing, and identity, as emperors moved to other cities and the Christian church slowly became its dominating institution. Urban Space and Aristocratic Power in Late Antique Rome provides a new picture of these developments, focusing on the extraordinary role played by members of the traditional elite, the senatorial aristocracy, in the redefinition of the city, its institutions, and spaces. During this period, Roman senators and their families became increasingly involved in the management of the city and its population, in building works, and in the performance of secular and religious ceremonies and rituals. As this study shows, for approximately three hundred years the houses of the Roman elite competed with imperial palaces and churches in shaping the political map and the social life of the city. Making use of modern theories of urban space, the book considers a vast array of archaeological, literary, and epigraphic documents to show how the former centre of the Mediterranean world was progressively redefined and controlled by its own elite.
20
Fiscal Space for Health in Latin America and the Caribbean. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37774/9789275120002.
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Countries that have made the most progress toward universal coverage have public expenditures in health equivalent to at least 6% of their gross domestic product (GDP), which is the percentage established in PAHO’s universal health strategy as the benchmark for the countries. However, while higher expenditure is a prerequisite, it is not enough to combat inequities and advance toward universal health. In addition to greater resources, the quality of the expenditure must be improved, reducing health system inefficiencies. Moreover, public expenditure in health should be sustainably increased in a fiscally responsible manner. The concept of fiscal space for health refers to the ability of governments to provide additional budgetary resources for the health system without affecting the financial position of the public sector or supplanting other socially necessary expenditures. Any analysis of fiscal space, therefore, will attempt to identify the prospects for increasing health expenditure in the short and medium term to address a series of clearly established health needs. These efforts are under way at a critical time in the Region of the Americas, particularly in the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, which are engaged in a singular health system reform process. For the first time in history, these countries have formalized their intention of increasing public expenditure in health, putting themselves firmly on the path to real and effective access to health care through the universal health strategy. Without achieving basic well-being at this level, it will be impossible to improve social cohesion and social development in the countries of the Region. This publication brings together and summarizes PAHO’s studies on fiscal space for universal health in the Americas and draws on the contributions of the regional forum held in Washington, D.C. on 7-8 December 2015. With this publication, whose target audience is the technical personnel responsible for policy development, decision-makers, and authorities, PAHO hopes to contribute to the analysis and discussion of health financing policies on the path toward universal health.
21
Loporcaro, Michele. Gender from Latin to Romance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199656547.001.0001.
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The book addresses grammatical gender in Romance, and its development from Latin. It works with the toolbox of current linguistic typology, and asks the fundamental question of how the Latin grammatical gender system gradually changed into those of the Romance languages. To answer this question, the book capitalizes on the pervasive dialect variation of which the better-known standard Romance languages only represent a fragment. Indeed, inspection of dialect variation across time and space forces one to dismiss the handbook account proclaiming that the neuter gender, contrasting with masculine and feminine in Latin, was eradicated from spoken Latin by late Empire times. Both Late Latin evidence and data from several modern dialects show that this never happened, and that the vulgate account proceeds from unwarranted back-projection of the data from modern languages like French and Italian. Rather, the neuter underwent transformations which are the main culprit for the differences in the gender system observed today between, say, Romanian, Sursilvan, Neapolitan, and Asturian, to cite just a few types of system which turn out to differ significantly. A precondition for establishing the database for diachronic investigation is a detailed description of many such systems, which reveals data whose interest transcends the diachronic issue under consideration: the book thus addresses systems where ‘husbands’ are feminine and others where ‘wives’ are masculine; discusses dialects where nouns overtly mark gender, but only in certain syntactic contexts; and proposes an analysis according to which one Romance language (Asturian) has split inherited grammatical gender into two concurrent systems.
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Pisarenko, T. V., T. K. Kvasha, T. V. Havrys, O. F. Paladchenko, I. V. Molchanova, N. I. Shabranska, A. B. Osadcha, and O. P. Kochetkova. Analysis of world technological trends in the military sphere. State Institution “Ukrainian Institute of Scientific and Technical Expertise and Information”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35668/978-966-479-127-1.
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Today, the scientific and technological sphere has become the main arena of competition between countries in the world, and the use of new technologies, especially in the field of armaments, is considered as one of the most important levers of geopolitics. Such technologies are a key for expanding the capabilities of the state's defense capabilities and achieving national security goals, priory to military and military-economic, as well as scientific and technological security. Today, the identification of scientific and technological key areas of military development is used to determine the priorities of scientific and technological development and military-technical policy which is crucial for the process of creating promising models of armaments and military equipment. The introduction of the latest technologies in the military is difficult to imagine without the use of computer and other telecommunications equipment, artificial intelligence technology, military robotics, quantum and space technology, 3D printing and biotechnology. Although they all are already used in the military and security spheres, still monitoring innovation and new technologies in the military are important for understanding not only future wars, but also global security. This study reviews global technological trends based on the analysis of publications of foreign consulting agencies, international organizations and forecasting and analytical research conducted by the author's methodology. The data upon perspective directions of development of scientific and technological researches in the military sphere on the basis of the analysis of publishing activity of a DB of Web of Science and a DB of patents of Derwent Innovations is provided. In particular, the range of new directions of technological development of the military sphere has been expanded and clarified not only in general, but also specified by types and kinds of troops. This analysis allowed us to determine that the areas of development claimed by international organizations and consulting agencies correlate with the areas identified by the authors of the study on the basis of scientometric and patent analysis. At the same time, the forecasted promising areas of research, determined by scientometric analysis of Web of Science publications, more or less completely coincide with the forecasts of NATO, RAND Corporation.
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Cardaliaguet, Pierre, François Delarue, Jean-Michel Lasry, and Pierre-Louis Lions. The Master Equation and the Convergence Problem in Mean Field Games. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691190716.001.0001.
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This book describes the latest advances in the theory of mean field games, which are optimal control problems with a continuum of players, each of them interacting with the whole statistical distribution of a population. While it originated in economics, this theory now has applications in areas as diverse as mathematical finance, crowd phenomena, epidemiology, and cybersecurity. Because mean field games concern the interactions of infinitely many players in an optimal control framework, one expects them to appear as the limit for Nash equilibria of differential games with finitely many players as the number of players tends to infinity. The book rigorously establishes this convergence, which has been an open problem until now. The limit of the system associated with differential games with finitely many players is described by the so-called master equation, a nonlocal transport equation in the space of measures. After defining a suitable notion of differentiability in the space of measures, the authors provide a complete self-contained analysis of the master equation. Their analysis includes the case of common noise problems in which all the players are affected by a common Brownian motion. They then go on to explain how to use the master equation to prove the mean field limit. The book presents two important new results in mean field games that contribute to a unified theoretical framework for this exciting and fast-developing area of mathematics.
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Jaque Hidalgo, Javiera, and Miguel A. Valerio, eds. Indigenous and Black Confraternities in Colonial Latin America. Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9789048552351.
Full textAbstract:
Employing a transregional and interdisciplinary approach, this volume explores indigenous and black confraternities - or lay Catholic brotherhoods - founded in colonial Spanish America and Brazil between the sixteenth and eighteenth century. It presents a varied group of cases of religious confraternities founded by subaltern subjects, both in rural and urban spaces of colonial Latin America, to understand the dynamics and relations between the peripheral and central areas of colonial society, underlying the ways in which colonialized subjects navigated the colonial domain with forms of social organization and cultural and religious practices. The book analyzes indigenous and black confraternal cultural practices as forms of negotiation and resistance shaped by local devotional identities that also transgressed imperial religious and racial hierarchies. The analysis of these practices explores the intersections between ethnic identity and ritual devotion, as well as how the establishment of black and indigenous religious confraternities carried the potential to subvert colonial discourse.
25
Kauppi, Nikko. Transnational Social Fields. Edited by Thomas Medvetz and Jeffrey J. Sallaz. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199357192.013.8.
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This chapter excavates Bourdieu’s theoretical insights concerning political sociology to develop a theory of transnational structuration processes. The early Bourdieu implicitly imagined the state as a nationally bounded actor. Only later in his career did he begin to grapple with issues such as globalization, transnationalism, and neoliberalism; and it is this later germ of ideas that this chapter develops. Transnational social fields, this chapter argues, are not reducible to institutional or organizational structures. They require a more holistic analysis of institutions and their underpinnings. To provide an example of how Bourdieu’s political sociology can be extended to transnational spaces, this chapter considers the case of the European Parliament.
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Ellis, Graham. An Invitation to Computational Homotopy. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832973.001.0001.
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This book is an introduction to elementary algebraic topology for students with an interest in computers and computer programming. Its aim is to illustrate how the basics of the subject can be implemented on a computer. The transition from basic theory to practical computation raises a range of non-trivial algorithmic issues and it is hoped that the treatment of these will also appeal to readers already familiar with basic theory who are interested in developing computational aspects. The book covers a subset of standard introductory material on fundamental groups, covering spaces, homology, cohomology and classifying spaces as well as some less standard material on crossed modules, homotopy 2- types and explicit resolutions for an eclectic selection of discrete groups. It attempts to cover these topics in a way that hints at potential applications of topology in areas of computer science and engineering outside the usual territory of pure mathematics, and also in a way that demonstrates how computers can be used to perform explicit calculations within the domain of pure algebraic topology itself. The initial chapters include examples from data mining, biology and digital image analysis, while the later chapters cover a range of computational examples on the cohomology of classifying spaces that are likely beyond the reach of a purely paper-and-pen approach to the subject. The applied examples in the initial chapters use only low-dimensional and mainly abelian topological tools. Our applications of higher dimensional and less abelian computational methods are currently confined to pure mathematical calculations. The approach taken to computational homotopy is very much based on J.H.C. Whitehead’s theory of combinatorial homotopy in which he introduced the fundamental notions of CW-space, simple homotopy equivalence and crossed module. The book should serve as a self-contained informal introduction to these topics and their computer implementation. It is written in a style that tries to lead as quickly as possible to a range of potentially useful machine computations.
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Faria, Alexandre. Reframing Diversity Management. Edited by Regine Bendl, Inge Bleijenbergh, Elina Henttonen, and Albert J. Mills. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199679805.013.2.
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This chapter examines the globalizing trajectory of the concept of diversity management from a decolonial perspective. This decolonial analysis is undertaken by a ‘local’ researcher from an emerging economy in Latin America (more specifically, Brazil) who also takes part into the US-led ‘global’ MOS academy. The basic argument is that diversity management is a controversial concept due to its attachment to Eurocentric narratives of modernity/coloniality, which have been transformed into ‘universal’ knowledge by mechanisms of knowledge management inaugurated when European conquerors discovered and conquered America over five centuries ago. The colonial side of diversity management is unveiled in order to open space for decolonial possibilities that have been negated and to the reframing of diversity management.
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Miller, Nicholas R. Social Choice Theory and Legislative Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.1.
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This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Please check back later for the full article.Narrowly understood, social choice theory is a specialized branch of applied logic and mathematics that analyzes abstract objects called preference aggregation functions, social welfare functions, and social choice functions. But more broadly, social choice theory identifies, analyzes, and evaluates rules that may be used to make collective decisions. So understood, social choice is a subfield of the social sciences that examines what may be called “voting rules” of various sorts. While social choice theory typically assumes a finite set of alternatives over which voter preferences are unrestricted, the spatial model of social choice assumes that policy alternatives can be represented by points in a space of one or more dimensions, and that voters have preferences that are plausibly shaped by this spatial structure.Social choice theory has considerable relevance for the study of legislative (as well as electoral) institutions. The concepts and tools of social choice theory make possible formal descriptions of legislative institutions such as bicameralism, parliamentary voting procedures, effects of decision rules (e.g., supramajority vs. simple majority rule and executive veto rules), sincere vs. strategic voting by legislators, agenda control, and other parliamentary maneuvers. Spatial models of social choice further enrich this analysis and raise additional questions regarding policy stability and change. Spatial models are used increasingly to guide empirical research on legislative institutions and processes.
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Breuilly, John. Hobsbawm and Researching the History of Nationalism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768784.003.0005.
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Hobsbawm’s work on nationalism has three successive phases, which reflect how the subject has been approached by others. In the first phase, nationalism was subordinated to Marxist class analysis. The second phase, is marked by a spate of studies on nationalism as inventing or imagining nations. Hobsbawm’s key contribution was as co-editor of The Invention of Tradition. In the third phase, nationalism was treated as ‘identity politics’, as one finds in some of Hobsbawm’s later works. These approaches yield diminishing results. Class analysis makes nationalism an epiphenomenon; treating nationalism as an invention detaches it from social reality; identity politics turns it into social psychology. Yet Hobsbawm’s global perspective, his treatment of nationalism as an ideology, and his concern with ‘history from below’ represent three promising new avenues for nationalism research.
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Prozorovskii, A., and V. Khoros, eds. West–East–Russia 2020. Yearbook. Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/978-5-9535-0591-8.
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The yearbook "West-East-Russia" 2020 presents the most significant events, processes and trends of the past year in the relations of the countries of the Center, Periphery and Semi-Periphery, including the positions and interests of Russia in this interaction. The main theme of the panorama of 2020 was the COVID-19 pandemic, the analysis of its damage to the world economy, the study of the experience of countering it in various countries and regions (China, India, Southeast Asia, Africa, Latin America). On this background, the problems of the BRICS and the post-Soviet space are considered. Attention is paid to the situation in Syria, Libya and other hot spots. These and other topics are presented in both global and regional dimensions (Middle East, East and Southeast Asia, Latin America, etc.). There are sections on ecology and scientific life, as well as reviews of new books on the subject of the yearbook.
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Aparicio, Frances R. Negotiating Latinidad. University of Illinois Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042690.001.0001.
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While Chicago has been long described as a city of Latinidad, there has been very limited academic attention paid to the lives of second-generation Intralatino/as—MexiRicans, MexiGuatemalans, DominiRicans among other rich combinations—who embody Latinidad in their multiple nationalities and ethnicities. Based on twenty interviews, this book documents the presence of Intralatino/as in Chicago and critically analyzes their everyday negotiations with their multiple national identities within the context of their nuclear and extended family stories. Proposing the concept of “horizontal hierarchies” as a theoretical framework for examining the power dynamics among diverse Latino/a ethnic communities, and analyzing rich and compelling anecdotes about the inclusion and exclusion of Intralatino/as in their family lives, the book attempts to bring into representation the everyday ways in which these second-generation Latino/as experience transnationalism within the domestic space of home while they engage affectively with, and against, the national boundaries and imaginaries produced by their loved ones.
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Prozorovskii, A., and V. Khoros. West–East–Russia 2021. Yearbook. Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/978-5-9535-0607-6.
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The yearbook "West – East – Russia" 2021 contains an analysis of the main trends, processes and the most significant events in the relations of the countries of the Center, Periphery and Semi-Periphery, taking into account the positions and interests of Russia in this interaction. Particular attention is paid to the weakening of the potential of American leadership and related increase of tension and the strengthening of the anti-Russian trend in the world. These problems are examined both at global and regional levels (the post-Soviet space, the Middle East, East and Southeast Asia, Latin America, etc.). The yearbook is completed with sections on ecology and scientific life, as well as a review of one of the new books on the subject of the yearbook and a chronology of the most important events of the year.
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Codó, Eva. Language Policy and Planning, Institutions, and Neoliberalisation. Edited by James W. Tollefson and Miguel Pérez-Milans. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190458898.013.27.
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This chapter maps out the empirical research conducted on language policy and practice in neoliberalising institutional spaces. The chapter is divided according to three main types of institutional spaces: the workplace, education, and civil society organisations. The analysis examines individual subjectivities, institutional regimes, and political economy in contemporary institutions. The first section reviews studies that have investigated changing language policies and practices in relation to labour processes in the neoliberalised work environments of late modernity. The second section refers to the ways in which the neoliberalisation of education has impacted on and been achieved through language policies in that domain. The third section discusses research that has addressed the study of language policy in nongovernmental organisations providing services outsourced by the state. The chapter concludes with a discussion of possible avenues for further investigation of language policy and planning (LPP), institutions, and neoliberalisation.
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Hall, Maurice. Negotiating Jamaican Masculinities. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036514.003.0002.
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This chapter presents an analysis of Jamaican masculinity. It begins by asserting that both gender and culture are largely intersecting discourses, and that the only way to make sense of Jamaican masculinity is to view it through the intersections of colonialism, race, and class. It locates U.S. male “leadership” models of masculinity within colonialist ideals that assume a universalized, idealized subject. It investigates sites of resistance among two iconic Jamaican figures: the late reggae artist Bob Marley and the late, former Jamaican prime minister, Michael Manley. Using these examples, it weaves together a deeply textured account of Jamaican life, and charts the construction of masculinity among three groups: the Rastas, rude boys, and mimics. It examines differential male and female socialization patterns and argues that among the rude boys, masculinity is constructed through the use and control of public space. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the scholarly debate about the implications of the masculinities in present-day Jamaica.
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Brady, Linzy, and Jolyon Mitchell. Theatre. Edited by Joel D. S. Rasmussen, Judith Wolfe, and Johannes Zachhuber. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198718406.013.18.
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How did the relation between Christianity and drama evolve during the long nineteenth century? How were Christian beliefs represented, promoted, and interrogated through drama? What part did Christianity play in the changing kinds, spaces, and genres of theatre? This chapter analyses the creation, production, and reception of a range of dramatic forms, including melodramas, musicals, ‘classics’, comedies, and tragedies, as well as explicitly religious, and later in the nineteenth century, cinematic dramas. Plays by George Bernard Shaw, Leo Tolstoy, and Henrik Ibsen are scrutinized alongside early silent films and the evolving passion and religious plays tradition. The chapter teases out a number of underlying tensions relating to the place of Christianity within popular and respectable theatre, romantic and realistic drama, and theatrical and screen drama. The chapter highlights how Christian beliefs were creatively used by playwrights, actors, and theatre-goers, in theatrical, domestic, and public spaces.
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Hansen, Helena. Addicted to Christ. University of California Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/california/9780520298033.001.0001.
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How are spiritual power and self-transformation cultivated in street ministries? This book provides an in-depth analysis of Pentecostal ministries in Puerto Rico that were founded and run by self-identified “ex-addicts,” ministries that are also widespread in poor Black and Latino neighborhoods in the U.S. mainland. The book melds cultural anthropology and psychiatry. Through the stories of ministry converts, the book examines key elements of Pentecostalism: mysticism, ascetic practice, and the idea of other-worldliness. It then reconstructs the ministries' strategies of spiritual victory over addiction: transformation techniques to build spiritual strength and authority through pain and discipline; cultivation of alternative masculinities based on male converts' reclamation of domestic space; and radical rupture from a post-industrial “culture of disposability.” By contrasting the ministries' logic of addiction with that of biomedicine, the book rethinks roads to recovery, discovering unexpected convergences with biomedicine while revealing the allure of street corner ministries.
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Churchill, David. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797845.003.0001.
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The introduction critically interrogates orthodox accounts of crime control and modernization, and outlines the conceptual and methodological basis of an alternative interpretation. In particular, it critiques the state monopolization thesis—the notion that the state assumed full control over the response to crime in the modern era, which it has relinquished only recently, in an age of late modernity. To counter such accounts of crime control and modernity, the introduction advances a multifaceted conceptual framework for understanding the governance of crime, drawing on historical and sociological scholarship on governance and governmentality. Furthermore, it outlines the study’s methodology, which combines qualitative and quantitative analysis of newspaper reports, court depositions, and police records. Finally, it establishes the urban context for the study by synthesizing research on contours of urbanization, social structure, and shifting formations of urban space.
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Moore, Daniel. Offensive Cyber Operations. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197657553.001.0001.
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Abstract Cyber-warfare is often discussed, but rarely truly seen. When does an intrusion turn into an attack, and what does that entail? How do nations fold offensive cyber operations into their strategies? Operations against networks mostly occur to collect intelligence, in peacetime. Understanding the lifecycle and complexity of targeting adversary networks is key to doing so effectively in conflict. Rather than discussing the spectre of cyber war, Daniel Moore seeks to observe the spectrum of cyber operations. By piecing together operational case studies, military strategy and technical analysis, he shows that modern cyber operations are neither altogether unique, nor entirely novel. Offensive cyber operations are the latest incarnation of intangible warfare--conflict waged through non-physical means, such as the information space or the electromagnetic spectrum. Not all offensive operations are created equal. Some are slow-paced, clandestine infiltrations requiring discipline and patience for a big payoff; others are short-lived attacks meant to create temporary tactical disruptions. This book first seeks to understand the possibilities, before turning to look at some of the most prolific actors: the United States, Russia, China and Iran. Each has their own unique take, advantages and challenges when attacking networks for effect.
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Studlar, Donley. E. E. Schattschneider,. Edited by Martin Lodge, Edward C. Page, and Steven J. Balla. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199646135.013.39.
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E. E. Schattschneider’s short book,The Semi-Sovereign People: A Realist’s View of Democracy in America(1960), is an analysis of the functioning of US democracy, especially the struggle between “privatization” and “socialization” of issues as well as the competition for space on a crowded political agenda. Its major contribution was to develop the concept of agenda-setting, the “conflict of conflicts,” as an essential dimension of the policy process. Intended as a “defense of parties” manifesto against the then-popular group theories of politics, Schattschneider’s book was part of the elitist–pluralist debate in its time as well as leading to a variety of later, more empirical studies on various dimensions of the policy process. Schattschneider’s ideas have inspired many subsequent studies on agenda-setting, both in the US and abroad. This chapter examines the longer-term impact of these ideas as well as the book’s shortcomings, such as lack of attention to the media.
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Wohl, Ellen. Saving the Dammed. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190943523.001.0001.
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The ability of beavers to create an abundant habitat for a diverse array of plants and animals has been analyzed time and again. The disappearance of beavers across the northern hemisphere, and what this effects, has yet to be comprehensively studied. Saving the Dammed analyzes the beneficial role of beavers and their dams in the ecosystem of a river, focusing on one beaver meadow in Colorado. In her latest book, Ellen Wohl contextualizes North St. Vrain Creek by discussing the implications of the loss of beavers across much larger areas. Saving the Dammed raises awareness of rivers as ecosystems and the role beavers play in sustaining the ecosystem surrounding rivers by exploring the macrocosm of global river alteration, wetland loss, and the reduction in ecosystem services. The resulting reduction in ecosystem services span things such as flood control, habitat abundance and biodiversity, and nitrate reduction. Allowing readers to follow her as she crawls through seemingly impenetrable spaces with slow and arduous movements, Wohl provides a detailed narrative of beaver meadows. Saving the Dammed takes readers through twelve months at a beaver meadow in Colorado's Rocky Mountain National Park, exploring how beavers change river valleys and how the decline in beaver populations has altered river ecosystems. As Wohl analyzes and discusses the role beavers play in the ecosystem of a river, readers get to follow her through tight, seemingly impenetrable, crawl spaces as she uncovers the benefit of dams.
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Morales, Harold D. Latino and Muslim in America. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190852603.001.0001.
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Even as many people view Latinos and Muslims as growing threats in US discourse, Latino Muslims celebrate their intersecting identities in their daily lives and in their mediated representations. The story of Latinos embracing Islam is set in an American religious landscape that is characteristically “diverse and fluid.” It follows distinctive immigration patterns and laws, metropolitan spaces, and new media technologies that have increasingly brought Latinos and Muslims into contact with one another. It is part of the mass exodus out of the Catholic Church, the digitization of religion, and the growth of Islam. It is set in a national context dominated by particular media politics, information economies, and the hyper-racialization of its inhabitants and their religious identities. The historically specific character of groups like Latino Muslims increasingly compels scholars to approach the categories of race, religion, and media as inextricably intertwined. This monograph therefore draws on and engages central categories, theories, and issues in the fields of religious, ethnic, and media studies. By carefully attending to the stories that Latino Muslims tell about themselves, the work examines the racialization of religion, the narrating of religious conversion experiences, the dissemination of post-colonial histories, and the development of Latino Muslim networks across the United States. This study of how being Latino and Muslim in America becomes mediated is a cautionary analysis of how so-called minority groups are made in the United States and how they become fragmented and nevertheless struggle for recognition in a “diverse and fluid” landscape.
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Fiore, Alessio. The Seigneurial Transformation. Translated by Sergio Knipe. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825746.001.0001.
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The aim of this book is to discuss the transformation of the fabric of power in the kingdom of Italy in the period between the late eleventh century and the early twelfth century. The study analyses the major socio-political change of this period, the crisis of royal and public structures and the development of seigneurial powers, using as a standpoint the structures of power over men and land, and the discourses about the exercise of local power. The analysis is conducted over a broad geographical space (central and northern Italy), focusing on a few decades around year 1100, showing a sharp and relatively rapid reshaping of the structures of local power. The period appears as a phase of crisis and closure in the sphere of political discourses. The outbreak of civil wars in the 1080s (connected with the ‘investiture crisis’) imply a reconfiguration of the matrix of power, in turn expressed in a transformation both of the instruments of local political communications and of the practices of power. The reshaping of documentary landscape mirrors the transformation of socio-political landscape: the fragmentation of power and the importance of local frameworks goes hand in hand with a forceful investment by political actors in legitimizing discourses, which find their reference point within these localized setups. Legitimization is sought not through the relationship with the kingdom, but rather through the relations with peers and subjects. From this perspective the Italian case can offer fresh insights into the problematique of ‘feudal revolution’ in European countrysides.
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Publicover, Laurence. Staging Romance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806813.003.0003.
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This chapter explores the mostly overlooked history of romance on the early modern stage. Analysing the geographies of two little-known plays, Clyomon and Clamydes (1580s?) and Guy of Warwick (early 1590s?), it argues that, in its imaginative openness and its flexible staging of space, the early modern theatre was the ideal environment in which to stage romance’s extravagant spatial and ethnographical imaginings. Further, the chapter demonstrates how a theatrical tradition of clowning enabled these late-Elizabethan dramas to contest the values of the very romance-worlds they had established. It closes with a fresh reading of Francis Beaumont’s parody of romance, The Knight of the Burning Pestle, arguing that the play satirizes dramatic romance’s spatial grammar as well as its narrative strategies.
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von Stackelberg, Katharine T., and Elizabeth Macaulay-Lewis, eds. Housing the New Romans. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190272333.001.0001.
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This volume investigates how appropriation and allusion facilitated the reception of Classical Greece and Rome and ancient Egypt through place-making, specifically through the requisition and redeployment of Classicizing and Egyptianizing tropes to create Neo-Antique sites of “dwelling” and place-making oriented toward private life (houses, hotels, clubs, tombs, and gardens) in the late eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. The essays cover both European and American iterations of place-making, including the Hôtel de Beauharnais, Paris; Sir John Soane’s houses in London and Ealing; Charles Garnier’s L’Histoire de l’habitation humaine at the 1889 Exposition Universelle, Paris; Woodlawn Cemetery, New York City; the Congress Hotel in Chicago; and the Getty Villa, Malibu. Collectively these essays consider all aspects of architectural reception regarding domestic space, from architectural facades to domestic interiors and landscaped exteriors (or greenscapes). Combining the textual analysis of reception studies with material evidence of art and archaeology, the volume advocates for a new way of thinking about the reception of ancient architecture: the Neo-Antique, rather than the Neoclassical and Neo-Egyptian. It provides a variety of critical interpretative frameworks that can apply to the study of architectural reception including “art as agency,” material culture, archaeological analysis, “aberrant decoding,” and hyperreality.
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Genschel, Philipp, and Laura Seelkopf, eds. Global Taxation. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192897572.001.0001.
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The volume analyses the rise of modern taxation around the world from the late eighteenth century to today. It is based on a new ‘Tax Introduction Dataset’ that records the historical dates of first adoption of six key taxes of the modern state in 220 countries worldwide, 1750–2018. The taxes include personal and corporate income tax, inheritance tax, social security contributions, as well as general sales taxes and VAT. Based on these data, the chapters map the diffusion of modern taxation across space, time, tax, and mode of tax adoption (sovereign or colonial). They explore the applicability of Western theories of fiscal development to non-Western contexts. They highlight the role of colonial tax introductions for fiscal development and state formation in Africa and Asia. And they compare the correlates of tax introduction across time and across different types of tax.
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Ellis, Richard. Westward Ho with Kholiwood. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040832.003.0020.
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This essay focuses on what Richard Ellis sees as three of the main overlapping trends of transnational “New American Studies.” He contemplates an intra-hemispheric approach to American Studies, a contingent hemispheric approach to American Studies, and a more recent approach attending to globalizing changes in the world order, precipitated by the necessary recognition of a new closeness between the postindustrial state and late corporate capitalism. All rethink space and spatialization, but Ellis also wants to stress the powerful omnipresence of the U.S. state, U.S. multinationals, and U.S. export culture. In order to illustrate his approach, Ellis offers a comparative, inter-hemispheric analysis of two international film co-productions, one Hollywood-style, the other Bollywood-style (Sofia Coppola’s 2003 Lost in Translation and Gurinder Chadha’s 2004 Bride and Prejudice). He ultimately argues that a new kind of approach to USAmerican Studies is necessary, stressing processes of contact, hybridity, exchange, flow, and migration.
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Roffey, Simon. The Medieval Afterlife. Edited by Christopher Gerrard and Alejandra Gutiérrez. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198744719.013.36.
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This chapter discusses the influence of medieval beliefs in the afterlife on church form and fabric, as well as the role of archaeology in articulating a more holistic approach to the surviving evidence. In particular, this study reassesses traditional art historical approaches in light of recent archaeological research. It considers the various theoretical approaches, such as spatial and view-shed analysis, which have provided a more interpretative and contextual framework for the investigation of medieval religion, particularly with regard to the importance of ‘seeing’ within church memorial and intercessory ritual. In particular, this paper examines the development of Purgatorial beliefs and the role of the chantry chapel and related memorial spaces in late medieval religious experience, as well as the crucial and implicit role of the laity in church memorial practice.
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Milkman, Ruth, Ellen Reese, and Benita Roth. The Macrosociology of Paid Domestic Labor. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040320.003.0009.
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This chapter examines the importance of growing class inequality as a driver of employment growth in paid domestic labor by drawing on macrosociological, rather than microsociological, literature. More specifically, it considers what explains variation in the proportion of the labor force employed in paid domestic labor over time and space. After comparing the microsociology of paid domestic labor with the modernization theory and the macrosociology of domestic labor, the chapter analyzes the 1990 census data for the 100 largest metropolitan areas in the United States. It shows that income inequality is a significant predictor of the proportion of women workers employed in domestic labor, as was the case in the 1980s in southern California. It also attributes the expansion of employment in paid domestic work in the late twentieth century to widening class inequality, including inequality among women.
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Brooks, Ann. Women, Politics and the Public Sphere. Policy Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447330639.001.0001.
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This book is a socio-historical analysis of the relationship between women, politics and the public sphere. It looks at the legacy of eighteenth-century intellectual groupings which were dominated by women such as members of the ‘bluestocking circles’ and other more radical intellectual and philosophical thinkers such as Catherine Macaulay and Mary Wollstonecraft. These individuals and groups which emerged in the eighteenth century established ‘intellectual spaces’ for the emergence of women public intellectuals in subsequent centuries. Women public intellectuals in the US examined in the book include Samantha Power, Anne-Marie Slaughter, Elizabeth Warren, Condoleezza Rice, Susan Rice, Hillary Clinton, and Sheryl Sandberg. The implications for the political representation of women in the West and globally is considered, highlighting how women public intellectuals now reflect much more social and cultural diversity. The book is about the fault-lines established in the eighteenth century for later developments in social and political discourse.
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Chua, Daniel K. L. Beethoven & Freedom. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199769322.001.0001.
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Beethoven’s music is often associated with freedom. Chua explores the nature of this relationship through an investigation of the philosophical context of Beethoven’s reception and hermeneutic readings of key works. Freedom is arguably the core value of modernity since late eighteenth-century; Beethoven’s music engages with its aspirations and dilemmas, providing a sonic ‘lens’ that enables us to focus on the aesthetic, philosophical, and theological ramifications of its claims of progress and autonomy and the formation of the self and its values. Taking his bearings from Adorno’s fragmentary reflections on Beethoven, Chua charts a journey from the heroic freedom associated with the Eroica Symphony to a freedom of vulnerability that opens itself to ‘otherness’. Chua’s analysis of the music demonstrates how various forms of freedom are embodied in the way time and space are manipulated in Beethoven’s works, providing an experience of a concept that Kant had famously declared inaccessible to sense. Beethoven’s music, then, does not simply mirror freedom; it is a philosophical and poetic engagement with the idea that is as relevant today as it was in the aftermath of the French Revolution.